EP1076683A1

EP1076683A1 - Solid machine dishwashing detergent with phosphate and crystalline lamellar silicates

Info

Publication number: EP1076683A1
Application number: EP99922118A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rainer Sorg; Christian Nitsch; Jürgen Härer; Harald Volk; Thomas Müller-Kirschbaum; Peter Krings; Harald Bauer; Josef Holz; Günther Schimmel; Lothar Westermann
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA; Clariant GmbH
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA; Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH
Priority date: 1998-04-30
Filing date: 1999-04-21
Publication date: 2001-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 2019-04-21
Also published as: DE59913558D1; WO1999057237A9; EP1076683B1; JP2003521553A; WO1999057237A1; ES2267267T3; DE19819187A1; US6462006B1; ATE329994T1

Abstract

A solid-form dishwasher detergent that contains a builder combination of conventional phosphates and crystalline layer silicates. Despite its phosphate content, the detergent provides improved protection to sensitive tableware, more particularly glasses and decorated tableware, and improved cleaning performance.

Description

Solid machine dishwashing detergent with phosphate and crystalline layered silicates

The present invention relates to an automatic dishwashing detergent which is in solid form and contains a builder combination of conventional phosphates and crystalline layered silicates. Despite their phosphate content, detergents of this type have improved protection for sensitive wash ware, in particular glasses and decorated wash ware, with a known good cleaning performance or even partially even better cleaning performance than conventional phosphate-containing dishwashing detergents.

Since dishwashers have become more widespread in households, it has been known that the highly alkaline dishwashing detergents based on phosphate / metasilicate show very good cleaning performance, but behave unfavorably with regard to the corrosion of decorated items, i.e. colored overglaze and in-glaze decorations applied to porcelain, colored decorated glasses and gold decorations lose their intensity and shine over time.

The low-alkaline machine dishwashing detergents based on citrate or phosphate that have been launched on the market in recent years also show the above-mentioned effect, albeit to a lesser extent.

By adding larger amounts of water-soluble amorphous silicates, especially amorphous disilicates, these disadvantages can largely be eliminated, but at the same time irreversible damage to glasses, which is noticeable through clouding and iridescence (iridescent colors), occurs after a few washing programs with disilicate-containing cleaners.

The European patent application EP-A-0 504 091 (Viking) describes phosphate-free automatic dishwashing detergents with very good cleaning performance on tea stains. The cleaners contain about 5 to 15% by weight of crystalline layered silicates and in addition 10 to 15% by weight of citric acid and additionally (co) polymeric polycarboxylates. The overall cleaning performance of such low-alkaline dishwashing detergents, apart from tea, is not sufficient for problem soiling. The tea cleaning performance is quite good, but can still be increased.

Automatic dishwashing detergents, which are described in the international patent application WO-A-94/16047 (Procter & Gamble), show through the use of builders, bleach released in a certain time and paraffin oil in amounts of 0.05 to 2.5% by weight. % Improvements in silver protection. Agents containing citrate are clearly preferred. Other builders can be aluminosilicates, phosphates or crystalline layered silicates. Combinations of phosphates and crystalline phyllosilicates are not suggested or advantages due to the use of such builder combinations are not mentioned.

Finally, international patent application WO-A-96/12783 (Henkel) describes phosphate-free to low-phosphate machine dishwashing detergents with improved decoration and glass protection and high tea cleaning performance based on citrate-containing formulations which contain crystalline layered silicates. However, the overall cleaning performance can also be improved in this case.

European patent application EP-A-0 416 366 (Hoechst) does indeed disclose an automatic dishwashing detergent which contains 30% by weight sodium tripolyphosphate, 30% by weight crystalline layered sodium silicate, preferably as a proton donor, mineral acid and / or polycarboxylic acids and / or hydroxypolycarboxylic acids and / or Phosphonic acids and / or their acid salts or esters and overall has a relatively low pH. Such machine dishwashing detergents already have good cleaning performance.

Agents which contain crystalline layered silicates as a builder raw material, however, also have the disadvantage that, because of the slow dissolution rate of the crystalline layered silicate, limescale deposits can form on glass and dishes. In addition, the raw material is very finely divided and has a high dust content, which can lead to technical problems in the production of powder and granules as well as in the manufacture of machine dishwashing tablets.

So far there has not been a satisfactory solution to the problem, cleaning that is gentle on the decor and the glass in combination with the high cleaning performance required by the consumer for problematic soiling such as tea, milk / milk products, protein. To ensure products etc. as well as a production-technically safe and not problematic production.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a machine dishwashing detergent which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above, ie which does not cause damage to glass even after repeated use, at the same time has good tea cleaning performance but also excellent overall cleaning performance and both in powder and Granule production as well as in tablet production can be produced without any technical production problems.

Surprisingly, it has been found that this problem can be solved by machine dishwashing detergents containing phosphate if, in addition to the phosphates, they contain crystalline layered silicates in a certain prepared form.

The present invention accordingly relates to a solid machine dishwashing detergent which contains conventional phosphates and further customary ingredients, the detergent, in addition to the phosphates, having a powdery to granular additive which, as essential constituents, comprises a crystalline layered silicate of the general formula (I)

NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} y H ₂ O (I),

wherein M represents sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33, and contains (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid.

The conventional phosphates which can be used as builders in machine dishwashing detergents include, in particular, alkali metal phosphates and polymeric alkali metal phosphates, which can be present in the form of their alkaline neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of these are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization from 5 to 1000, in particular from 5 to 50, and the corresponding potassium salts or mixtures of sodium hexametate and mixtures of sodium hexametate Sodium and potassium salts. The salts of tripolyphosphate are particularly preferred. Their amounts are based on the entire recipe and calculated as an anhydrous active substance, preferred as in the range from above 30 wt .-% to 65 wt .-% and in particular from 35 to 60 wt .-%.

The crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) are sold by Clariant GmbH (Germany) under the trade name Na-SKS, for example Na-SKS-1 (Na ₂ Si22θ45-χH ₂ O, Kenyait), Na-SKS-2 N Siγ ^ gx ^ O, magadiite), Na-SKS-3 (Na2Si ₈ O ₁₇ -χH ₂ O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na ₂ Si4θ9-χH ₂ O, makatite).

Agents which contain crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula (I) in which x is 2 are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention. Of these, Na-SKS-5 (α-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ), Na-SKS-7 (β-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ , natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaH-Si ₂ O ₅ -H ₂ O), Na-SKS-10 (NaHSi ₂ θ5-3H ₂ O, Kanemit), Na-SKS-11 (t-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ) and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ ), but especially Na-SKS-6 (δ-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ). An overview of crystalline layered silicates is given, for example, in "Hoechst High Chem Magazine 14/1993" on pages 33 - 38 and in "Soap-oil-fat waxes, 116 year, No. 20/1990" on pages 805 - 808 published articles. According to the invention, at least some of the crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) are introduced into the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention via the builder additive used according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) are introduced into the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention exclusively via the builder additive used according to the invention. The automatic dishwashing agents advantageously contain the crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I), introduced via the builder additive, in amounts of 2 to at most 30% by weight, preferably in amounts of 3 to 25% by weight and in particular in amounts of 4 to 20% by weight.

In the context of the present invention, a (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid is understood to mean a homopolymer or copolymer which is not or only partially neutralized. These include the homopolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or their copolymers with further ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as, for example, acrolein, dimethylacrylic acid, ethyl acrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, allylacetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, meth (-allylsulfonic acid), vinylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, acrylamide Monomers containing phosphorus groups, such as, for example, vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphoric acid and acrylamidomethylpropanephosphonic acid and their salts, and also hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate sulfates, allyl alcohol sulfates and allyl alcohol phosphates. Such polymers are used, for example, in the German see patent applications DE-A-23 57 036, DE-A-44 39 978 and European patent applications EP-A-0 075 820 or EP-A-0 451 508.

Preferred (co) polymers have an average molecular weight of 1000 to 100000 g / mol, preferably of 2000 to 75000 g / mol and in particular of 2000 to 35000 g / mol. The degree of neutralization of the acid groups is advantageously from 0 to 90%, preferably from 10 to 80% and in particular from 30 to 70%.

Suitable polymers include above all homopolymers of acrylic acid and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid with maleic acid or maleic anhydride.

Further suitable copolymers are derived from terpolymers which are obtained by polymerizing 10 to 70% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with 4 to 8 C atoms or salts thereof, 20 to 85% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 3 up to 10 carbon atoms or their salts, 1 to 50% by weight of monounsaturated monomers which release hydroxyl groups on the polymer chain after saponification, and 0 to 10% by weight of further free-radically copolymerizable monomers. For the application according to the invention, saponification of the monounsaturated monomers which release a hydroxyl group on the polymer chain after saponification is preferred in an acidic environment. Products of the type mentioned above are described in German patent applications DE-A-43 00 772 and DE-A-195 16 957 and in WO-A-94/15978.

Graft polymers of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides are also suitable, as are described in German patent applications DE-A-40 03 172 and DE-A-44 15 623. The graft polymers with proteins of animal or vegetable origin, in particular with modified proteins, disclosed in the European patent application are also well suited.

From the group of graft copolymers, copolymers of sugar and other polyhydroxy compounds and a monomer mixture of the following composition are preferably used: 45 to 96% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C ₃ to C ₁₀ monocarboxylic acid or mixtures of C ₃ to Cio-monocarboxylic acids and / or their salts with monovalent cations, monomers containing 4 to 55% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated monosulfonic acid groups, monoethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid esters, vinylphosphonic acid and / or the salts of these acids with monovalent cations and 0 to 30% by weight of water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated compounds , with 2 to 50 moles of alkylene oxide per mole of monoethylenically unsaturated compound are modified. Such compounds are described in DE-A-42 21 381 and in DE-A-43 43 993.

Other suitable polymers are polyaspartic acids or their derivatives in non-neutralized or only partially neutralized form. The polyaspartic acids are usually obtained in the form of their alkali metal or ammonium salts. The products which are not or only partially neutralized can be obtained from this by adding appropriate amounts of organic or inorganic acids and, if appropriate, separating off the salts formed.

Such products can also be obtained by the thermal reaction of maleic acid and ammonia or by the condensation of aspartic acid and the subsequent hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide formed. The production of such products is described, for example, in DE-A-36 26 672, DE-A-43 07 114, DE-A-44 27 287, EP-A-0 612 784, EP-A-0 644 257 and WO -A-92/14753.

Graft polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers on salts of polyaspartic acid, as are usually obtained in the previously described hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide, are also particularly suitable. The otherwise necessary addition of acid to produce the only partially neutralized form of polyaspartic acid can be dispensed with here. The amount of polyaspartate is usually chosen so that the degree of neutralization of all carboxyl groups incorporated in the polymer does not exceed 80%, preferably 60%. Products of the type mentioned are described in more detail in international patent application WO-A-94/01486.

The amounts in which the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates which are not or only partially neutralized are contained in the agents according to the invention are determined by the content of the builder additives used according to the invention and their content of these polymers.

The builder additive used according to the invention contains the crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I) and the (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid preferably in weight ratios of (40 to 1): 1, in particular of (20 to 2): 1, ratios of 7 : 1 to about 3: 1, based in each case on the anhydrously calculated active substances, can be particularly advantageous. The water content of the builder additives used according to the invention is preferably 4 to 20% by weight, the upper sensible value is made dependent on the water content that the builder additive should be stable and free-flowing even after storage at elevated temperatures of, for example, 40 ° C. and should not clump. It has been shown that the lower value for the water content influences the dissolving behavior of the builder additive. For reasons of the higher dissolution rate of the builder additive, additives are therefore preferred which have 5 to 15% by weight of water and in particular 7 to 12% by weight of water. The water content is determined at a temperature of 140 ° C and a duration of 4 hours.

The builder additives used according to the invention can be prepared by simply bringing the crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I) into contact with an aqueous solution, preferably a concentrated aqueous solution of the (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid and, if appropriate, then drying to the desired water content. Usual mixing and granulating devices, such as the ploughshare mixer from Lödige or a Schugi mixer or an Eirich mixer or a Lödige recycler CB 30, as well as other apparatuses known to the person skilled in the art, which in particular allow a liquid to be sprayed onto a solid, are also suitable as fluidized bed apparatus. The polymer solution serves as an agglomeration aid. It is assumed that in the reaction of the crystalline layered sodium silicate of the formula (I) with the acidic polymer, in particular at pH values of the polymer solution used of less than 4, part of the sodium ions of the silicate are exchanged for protons. However, the silicate structure with its layer structure and the majority of the sodium ions remain unchanged. This leads to the fact that the builder additives used according to the invention have only a slightly reduced starting alkalinity but a significantly lower residual alkalinity compared to the pure crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I). The residual alkalinity can be adjusted accordingly by the polymeric acid content of the additives. The builder additive can therefore be used as a buffer substance in machine dishwashing detergents.

The builder additives can contain large amounts of (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid, with amounts between 2 and 40% by weight being preferred and amounts between 5 and 30% by weight being particularly preferred and amounts between 10 and 25% by weight entirely are particularly preferred. The content of the crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) in the builder additives is preferably 50 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 60 to 90% by weight and very particularly preferably 65 to 85% by weight. The calcium binding capacity of the additives is preferably above 185 mg CaCO ₃ / g. The pH of a 0.1% by weight aqueous solution is preferably above 10 but below 20 ° C. half of 12. The bulk density of the additives used according to the invention varies depending on the type of their preparation and is usually in the range from above 400 to about 700 g / l. While pure crystalline layered silicate of the formula (I) as SKS6 ^® accumulates usually very finely divided and has also high amounts of dust particles, the builder additive used in the invention is rat, a coarse-grained powder to agglomerates / granules, which is finely divided when it is in the Fluidized bed was produced, and coarser, for example, if it was produced in a high-speed mixer. Coarse-grained additives have, for example, an average particle size (d50) of approximately 450 to 900 μm, while more finely divided additives have an average particle size (d50) of approximately 280 and 330 μm. But even with the fine-particle additives, the dust content is significantly lower than with the commercially available pure crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I), in particular than with SKS6 ^® .

The amount of these builder additives in the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention can be varied within a wide range and depends both on the amount of crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) in the dishwashing agent formulation and on the content of this crystalline layered silicate in the selected builder additive from. Usual levels of the phosphate-containing automatic dishwashing detergents in these builder additives are approximately 2 to 40% by weight, with levels of 5 to 35% by weight and in particular up to 30% by weight being preferred.

The machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention, which can be in the form of granules, powdered or tablet-shaped solids or other solid moldings, can, in addition to those used according to the invention, in principle contain all the known ingredients customary in such detergents. The agents according to the invention can include, in particular, other builder substances, surface-active surfactants, bleaching agents based on organic and / or in particular inorganic peroxygen compounds, bleach activators, enzymes, sequestering agents, electrolytes, pH regulators and / or other auxiliaries, such as silver corrosion inhibitors, foam regulators and colorants and fragrances contain. Conventional disintegrants can also be used in conventional amounts in tablets or other foils.

In addition to the phosphates and the builder additives, the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention can also include one or more further builder substances from the group of carbonates, bicarbonates, amorphous silicates, crystalline layered silicates which have not been introduced via the additive, and polyfunctional carboxylic acids or whose salts, in particular citric acid or citrate, contain. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the agents do not contain crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I) which have not been introduced into the formulation via the builder additive. The agents can also contain additional (copolymeric polycarboxylates of the conventional type which are likewise water-soluble and which can serve as co-builders, in particular under hard water conditions. For example, polyacrylic acids and copolymers of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid and the sodium salts of these polymeric acids are suitable. Commercial products Examples are Sokalan® CP 5, CP 10 and PA 30 from BASF, and other commercially available and usable polymers include POC QUAL AS 2507 ^® (Degussa), Norasole ^® such as Norasol LMW 45N ^® , Norasol SP 02N ^® or Norasol 470 N ^® (Rohm & Haas) or Alcosperse 175 N ^® (Alco) The polymers of native origin that can be used as co-builders include, for example, oxidized starch, as known, for example, from international patent application WO 94/05762, and polyamino acids such as polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid are of course preco Matching hydroxycarboxylic acids such as mono-, dihydroxysuccinic acid, α-hydroxypropionic acid and gluconic acid. The preferred organic builder components include the salts of citric acid, especially sodium citrate. Anhydrous trisodium citrate and preferably trisodium citrate dihydrate are suitable as sodium citrate. Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as a fine or coarse crystalline powder. Depending on the pH ultimately set in the agents according to the invention, the acids corresponding to the co-builder salts mentioned can also be present. The automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention preferably contain no more than 2% by weight of these additional (co) polymeric polycarboxylates which are not used via the builder additive; in particular, the agents are even free of such additional co-polymeric polycarboxylates which are not introduced via the builder additive.

Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates are among the commonly used alkali carriers. The agents according to the invention can contain their sodium and / or potassium salts, for example in an amount of 10 to 40% by weight, preferably 15 to 30% by weight, based on the total agent.

Because of the possible negative influences already described above of amorphous silicates and in particular amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ weight ratio of 1: 1.8 to 1: 3.3, in particular up to 1: 2.5, these alkali carriers are preferably in amounts less than 4% by weight, especially less than 2% by weight in the machine Contain dishwashing detergents, with particularly preferred detergents advantageously being free of amorphous silicates and also free of metasilicate.

Suitable peroxygen compounds are in particular organic peracids or peracidic salts of organic acids, such as phthalimidopercaproic acid, perbenzoic acid or salts of diperdodecanedioic acid, hydrogen peroxide and inorganic salts which give off hydrogen peroxide under the washing or cleaning conditions, such as perborate, percarbonate and / or persilicate. Hydrogen peroxide can also be generated using an enzymatic system, i.e. an oxidase and its substrate. If solid peroxygen compounds are to be used, they can be used in the form of powders or granules, which can also be coated in a manner known in principle. Alkali percarbonate, alkali perborate monohydrate, alkali perborate tetrahydrate or hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferably used in the form of aqueous solutions which contain 3% by weight to 10% by weight hydrogen peroxide. If a cleaning agent according to the invention contains peroxygen compounds, these are present in amounts of preferably up to 50% by weight, in particular from 5% by weight to 30% by weight. The addition of small amounts of known bleach stabilizers such as, for example, phosphonates, borates or metaborates and metasilicates, and magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate may be useful.

Typical oxygen bleaches are also organic peracids. The organic peracids used with preference include above all the excellently active phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid, but in principle all other known peracids can also be used.

Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preferred are multiply acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or Isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonat (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran and those from German patent applications DE 196 16 693 and DE 196 16 767 known enol esters as well as acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or their mixtures described in European patent application EP 0 525 239 (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetyl glucose (PAG), pentaacetyl fructose, tetraacetyl xylose and octaacetyl lactose and optionally N-alkylated, optionally N-alkylated and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam, which are known from international patent applications WO 94/27970, WO 94/28102, WO 94/28103, WO 95/00626, WO 95/14759 and WO 95/17498 are known. The hydrophilically substituted acylacetals known from German patent application DE 196 16 769 and the acyl lactams described in German patent application DE 196 16 770 and international patent application WO 95/14075 are also preferably used. The combinations of conventional bleach activators known from German patent application DE 44 43 177 can also be used. Bleach activators of this type are present in the customary quantitative range, preferably in amounts of 1% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular 2% by weight to 8% by weight, based on the total agent.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators listed above or in their place, the sulfonimines and / or bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes known from European patents EP 0 446 982 and EP 0 453 003 may also be present as so-called bleaching catalysts. The transition metal compounds in question include, in particular, the manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum salen complexes known from German patent application DE 195 29 905 and their N-analog compounds known from German patent application DE 196 20 267, which consist of the German patent application DE 195 36 082 known manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum carbonyl complexes, the manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium described in German patent application DE 196 05 688 -, Vanadium and copper complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands, the cobalt, iron, copper and ruthenium amine complexes known from German patent application DE 196 20 411, the manganese described in German patent application DE 44 16 438, Copper and cobalt complexes, the cobalt complexes described in European patent application EP 0 272 030, the manganese comp. Known from European patent application EP 0 693 550 lexes, the manganese, iron, cobalt and copper complexes known from European patent EP 0 392 592, which are derived from the international patent applications WO 96/23859, WO 96/23860 and WO 96/23861 known cobalt complexes and / or those in European patent EP 0 443 651 or European patent applications EP 0 458 397, EP 0 458 398, EP 0 549 271 , EP 0 549 272, EP 0 544 490 and EP 0 544 519 described manganese complexes. Combinations of bleach activators and transition metal bleach catalysts are known, for example, from German patent application DE 196 13 103 and international patent application WO 95/27775. Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, are used in customary amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 1% by weight, in particular 0.0025% by weight. % to 0.25% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.1% by weight, in each case based on the total average. A bleach-enhancing combination of active ingredients, which is obtainable by intimately mixing a water-soluble salt of a divalent transition metal, selected from cobalt, iron, copper and ruthenium and their mixtures, a water-soluble ammonium salt and optionally an oxidizing agent based on peroxygen and inert carrier material, is found, for example, in the older one German patent application P 197 09 284.5.

Although chlorine-containing bleaching agents can in principle be contained in the agents according to the invention and the invention also includes chlorine-containing formulations, chlorine-free bleaching agents are preferably used exclusively.

Automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention can contain corrosion inhibitors as ingredients for protecting the wash ware or the machine, silver protection agents in particular being particularly important in the field of automatic dishwashing. The known substances of the prior art, such as. B. described in DE 43 25 922, DE 41 28 672 or DE 43 38 724. In general, silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used. According to the above writings, oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used. Preferred here are the transition metal salts which are selected from the group consisting of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes Cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate. Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware. These silver protective agents can usually be present in amounts of up to about 5% by weight.

Enzymes which can be used in the agents are those from the class of proteases, lipases, cutinases, amylases, pullulanases, oxidases and peroxidases, glucanases and mixtures thereof, for example proteases such as BLAP®, Optimase®, Opticlean®, Maxacal®, Maxapem®, Alcalase®, Esperase®, Savinase®, Durazym® and / or Purafect® OxP, amylases such as Termamyl®, Amylase-LT®, Maxamyl®, Duramyl® and / or Purafect® OxAm, lipases such as Lipolase®, Lipomax® , Lumafast® and / or Lipozym®. Enzymes obtained from fungi or bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus, Humicola lanuginosa, Humicola insolens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes or Pseudomonas cepacia, are particularly suitable. These optionally additionally used enzymes can, as described for example in European patent EP 0 564 476 or in international patent applications WO 94/23005, be adsorbed on carriers and / or be embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature inactivation. They are contained in the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight, particular preference being given to enzymes stabilized against oxidative degradation, for example from the international patent applications WO 94/02597, WO 94/02618, WO 94/18314, WO 94/23053 or WO 95/07350, known, can be used. The proteases preferably used in agents according to the invention include the enzymes known from international patent applications WO 91/02792, WO 92/21760 and WO 95/23221.

If appropriate, surfactants, in particular low-foaming nonionic surfactants, optionally in a mixture with anionic and / or zwitterionic surfactants, can also be added to the agents according to the invention, which serve to better detach fatty soils, as wetting agents and, if appropriate, as granulating aids in the course of the preparation of the cleaning agents. Their amount can be up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight, and is preferably in the range from 0.5% by weight to 3% by weight. Extremely low-foaming compounds are usually used, in particular, in cleaning agents for use in machine dishwashing processes. These preferably include Cπ-Cis-alkyl polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol ethers, each with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units in the molecule. However, other known low-foaming nonionic surfactants can also be used, such as, for example, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkyl polyethylene glycol-polybutylene glycol ether, each with up to 8 moles of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide units in the molecule, end-capped alkyl polyalkylene glycol mixed ethers and the foaming but ecologically attractive C ₈ -C ₄ alkyl polyglucosides with a degree of polymerization of about 1 to 4 (z. B. APG ^® 225 and APG ^® 500 from Henkel) and or C ₂ -C ₄ alkyl polyethyleneglycols with 3 to 8 ethylene oxide units in the molecule. Also suitable are surfactants from the family of glucamides, such as, for example, alkyl-N-methyl-glucamides, in which the alkyl part preferably originates from a fatty alcohol with the C chain length C ₆ -C ₄ . It is partially advantageous if the surfactants described are used as mixtures, for example the combination of alkyl polyglycoside with fatty alcohol alkoxylates or glucamide with alkyl polyglycosides. The hydroxyl-containing alkoxylated alcohols, as described in EP-A-0 300 305, are also particularly preferred. It was found that these hydroxy mixed ether surfactants show an excellent rinse aid effect. This applies particularly preferably to mixtures with other nonionic surfactants, such as fatty alcohol alkoxylates, for example Dehypon LS 54 ^® , and also in mixtures with Dehydol LS 4 ^® , but also for mixtures of hydroxy mixed ethers and APG ^® or for mixtures of fatty alcohol ethoxylates, hydroxy mixed ethers and alkyl polyglycoside . In addition to the rinse-off effect, these surfactant mixtures also help to significantly reduce stress corrosion cracking on plastic.

Suitable anionic surfactants are especially soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups with preferably alkali ions as cations. Usable soaps are preferably the alkali salts of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Such fatty acids can also be used in a form that is not completely neutralized. The surfactants of the sulfate type which can be used include the salts of the sulfuric acid half-esters of fatty alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and the sulfation products of the nonionic surfactants mentioned with a low degree of ethoxylation. The surfactants of the sulfonate type that can be used include linear alkylbenzenesulfonates with 9 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl part, alkanesulfonates with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and olefin sulfonates with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, which are formed when corresponding monoolefins are reacted with sulfur trioxide, as well as α-sulfofatty acid esters, which are formed in the sulfonation of fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters.

If the cleaning agents foam too much during use, for example in the presence of anionic surfactants, they can still contain up to 6% by weight, preferably about 0.5 wt .-% to 4 wt .-% of a foam suppressing compound, preferably from the group of silicone oils, mixtures of silicone oil and hydrophobized silica, paraffins, paraffm-alcohol combinations, hydrophobized silica, the bis fatty acid amides, and other other known im Commercially available defoamers can be added. Other optional ingredients in the agents according to the invention are, for example, perfume oils.

The machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention are in solid form. They can be powdery to granular or they can also be designed as shaped bodies, in particular as tablets. They can be produced in a conventional manner, for example by mixing, granulating, compacting such as roller compacting, tableting and / or by spray drying. In some cases, the ingredients can also be used in pre-compounded form for producing the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention.

The tablets can be single-phase or multi-phase, single-color or multi-color and in particular consist of one or more layers, in particular two layers, as are already commercially available. In multi-layer tablets, the builder additive can either be present only in one layer, but can also be distributed over several to all layers.

For the preparation of cleaning agents according to the invention in tablet form, the procedure is preferably such that all constituents - if appropriate in each case one layer - are mixed with one another in a mixer and the mixture by means of conventional tablet presses, for example eccentric presses or rotary presses, with pressing forces in the range from about 50 to 100 kN , preferably pressed at 60 to 70 kN. In the case of multi-layer tablets in particular, it can be advantageous if at least one layer is pre-compressed. This is preferably carried out at press forces between 5 and 20 kN, in particular at 10 to 15 kN. In this way, break-resistant tablets are obtained which, under operating conditions, dissolve sufficiently quickly, with breaking and bending strengths of normally 100 to 200 N, but preferably over 150 N. A tablet produced in this way preferably has a weight of 15 g to 40 g, in particular 20 g up to 30 g. The shape of the tablets is arbitrary and can be round, oval or angular, intermediate forms are also possible. Corners and edges are advantageously rounded. Round tablets preferably have a diameter of 30 mm to 40 mm. In particular the size of angular / cuboid tablets, which are mainly introduced into the dishwasher via the metering device, depends on the geometry and the volume of this dosing device. Exemplary preferred embodiments currently have a base area of (20 to 30 mm) x (34 to 40 mm), in particular of 26x36 mm or of 24x38 mm.

The manufacture of machine dishwashing detergents in the form of non-dusting, storage-stable, free-flowing powders and / or granules with high bulk densities in the range from 750 to 1200 g / 1 is characterized in that in a first process sub-stage, the builder components with at least a proportion of liquid mixture components Increasing the bulk density of this premix is mixed and subsequently - if desired after an intermediate drying - the further components of the dishwasher detergent are combined with the premix obtained in this way.

The agents according to the invention are added either by hand or - as already indicated above - by means of suitable metering devices. The application concentrations in the main cleaning cycle, regardless of whether a pre-rinsing cycle has taken place or not, are preferably about 2 to 8 g / 1, preferably 2 to 5 g / 1.

The rinse program is generally supplemented and ended by an intermediate rinse cycle with clear water following the cleaning cycle and a rinse cycle, if appropriate, with a customary rinse aid. After drying you get a completely clean, free of tea and other soiling residues and hygienically perfect dishes. Even after a large number of rinsing cycles, the advantages of using the agents according to the invention, such as improved glass protection or decorative protection, can be recognized significantly.

However, the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention not only show very good cleaning performance on tea stains; Compared to machine dishwashing detergents with comparable compositions, which contain phosphates and crystalline layered silicates of the formula (I), but the latter as a powder and not in the form of the builder additive used according to the invention, there are significant improvements in the removal of protein-containing soiling and soiling, which caused by dairy products. In contrast to formulations which contained finely divided crystalline layered silicate, the production technology of the powders, granules or tablets according to the invention was problem-free. Examples

example 1

25 g tablets of the compositions shown in Table 1 were pressed, TEl being the tablet according to the invention and TVl being the direct comparative product.

Table 1: Compositions of TEl and TVl (data in% by weight)

TEl TVl

Tripolyphosphate (based on 51.0 51.0 anhydrous active substance)

amorphous sodium disilicate (based on - 4.5 gen on anhydrous active substance)

Sodium salt of the copolymer of - 2.1

Acrylic acid and maleic anhydride (Sokalan CP5 ^® )

Builder additive consisting of 6.0

71% by weight SKS 6 ^® 20% by weight terpolymer 9% by weight water

Sodium carbonate 17.0 16.5

Sodium perborate monohydrate 9.0 9.0

Bleach activator TAED 2.1 2.1

Phosphonate 0.9 0.8

Dehypon LS 54 ^® 1.5 1.5

Dehypon LT 104 ^® 0.5 0.5

Enzyme 3.8 3.7

Perfume, color, tabletting aid, rest, rest, silver preservative and

water Dehypon LS 54 "and Dehypon LT 104 are two low-foaming fatty alcohol alkoxylates from Henkel.

The terpolymer contained in the builder additive was prepared according to the disclosure of WO-A-94/15978 from 80% by weight of acrylic acid and maleic acid in a weight ratio of 7: 3 and from 20% by weight of vinyl acetate and then saponified in an acidic medium. The terpolymer was purchased from the Stockhausen company.

The effects of the TEl and TVl tablets on sensitive items to be washed were measured in a Miele G 570 and G 575 dishwasher, which were converted to continuous operation (built in 1993) in the Universal 65 ° C program with doses of one dishwashing tablet and 50 g of a soiling mixture from fats, protein, starch, milk, coloring substances and preservatives in 5.0 1 water with a hardness of 0 to 1 ° d in the cleaning cycle after 100 or 150 rinsing cycles on 3 soda lime glasses, potassium crystal glasses and lead crystal glasses for turbidity (T) or Iridescence (I) tested. The grading was carried out visually by employees trained in the examination of wash ware with regard to wash ware damage. The grades specified in Tables 2a and 2b were determined, with the worst glass in its category being rated. The grades mean:

0: unchanged

1: slight changes, still acceptable

2: medium change, still acceptable

3: major change, no longer acceptable

4: very strong change, no longer acceptable.

Table 2a: Values for TEl and TVl after 100 rinsing cycles

Material TEl TVl

Soda lime glass T 1-2 1 0 T 2-3 1 0

Potash crystal glass T 1 1 0 T 3 1 2

Lead crystal glass T 0 1 0 T 0 1 3

Table 2b: Values for TEl and TVl after 150 rinsing cycles

Material TEl TVl

Soda lime glass T 1-2 1 0 T 2 1 0

Potash crystal glass T 1 1 0 T 3-4 I I

Lead crystal glass T 0 1 0 T 0 1 3

Tables 2a and 2b clearly show the advantages of the tablet TEl according to the invention compared to the comparison tablet TVl.

Example 2

Powders of the compositions given in Table 3 were produced in the usual way, PEI to PE3 being the agents according to the invention and PVl being the comparative agent. The powders were tested for material protection and formation of deposits. The effects of the powders PEl to PE3 and PVl on sensitive wash ware were compared to that in Example 1 with a 25 g dosage of 5 l water after 100 (PEl to PE3 and PVl) and 300 rinse cycles (only PEl and PE2, compared with PVl 100 rinsing cycles). The results are shown in Tables 4a and 4b. Table 3: Compositions from PEl to PE3 and PVl (data in% by weight)

PVl PEl PE2 PE3

Premix of: 72.53 71.9 72.8 Makrophos ^® (tripolyphosphate) (75.83% by weight) sodium carbonate (21.41% by weight)

Dehypon LS 54 © ^, 07% by weight)

Dehypon LT 104 © (2 ^ (0.69% by weight

Makrophos ®

51.8

Dehypon LS 54 © 'Dehypon LT 104 ® 1.5' 0.5

amorphous sodium disilicate (based on 4.0% of anhydrous active substance)

Builder additive consisting of 5.63 11.5 28.2 71% by weight SKS 6 ^® 20% by weight terpolymer 9% by weight water

Sodium perborate monohydrate 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 (compact) with soda in a 9: 1 ratio

Bleach activator TAED 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Enzymes 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

Sodium carbonate 5.75 5.75 1.8

Perfume, dye, silver protection residue rest rest rest medium, water (no silver protection agent) Table 4a: Values for PEl to PE3 and PVl after 100 rinsing cycles

Material PVl PEl PE2 PE3

Soda lime glass T 3 10 T O 10 T I 10 T 3 10

Potash crystal glass T 3 10 T O 10 T I 10 T 3 10

Lead crystal glass unchanged unchanged unchanged unchanged

Table 4b: Values for PEl to PE2 after 300 rinsing cycles (PVl for comparison after 100 rinsing cycles)

Material PVl PEl PE2

Soda lime glass T 3 10 T I 10 T I 10

Potash crystal glass T 3 10 T I 10 T I 10

Lead crystal glass unchanged unchanged unchanged

Tables 4a and 4b clearly show the advantages of the formulas PE1 and PE2 compared to PVl. Even with a high content of the builder additive of 28.2% by weight in PE3, corresponding to an active substance content of crystalline layered disilicate of 20% by weight, values similar to those for PVI with 4% by weight of amorphous sodium disilicate are obtained . As Table 5 shows, PE3 also had clear advantages over PVl when the color loss was measured on decorated glass plates. In addition to the above-mentioned glasses, red-decorated glass plates of the "Arcopol" brand, "Bande Rouge" decor were also tested under the same cleaning conditions. The color loss FV was determined after 50 or 150 rinsing cycles. The grades given have the same meaning as given above. Table 5: Loss of color on decorated glass plates

Rinsing cycles PVl PEl PE2 PE3

50 FV 2 FV 2 FV 2 FV 0

150 FV 4 FV 4 FV 4 FV 1

Example 3

There were the cleaning performance of a composition of the invention versus a comparative PE4 means PV2 containing SKS6 ^® as a powder and not of the invention as a builder additive tested (see Table 6). The results are summarized in Table 7.

Table 6: Compositions of PE4 and PV2 (data in% by weight)

PE4 PV2

Tripolyphosphate (Thermphos ^® 1018) 40.0 48.0

SKS 6 ^® - 20.0

Builder additive (as above) 15.5

Sodium carbonate 27.5 15.0

Sodium perborate 10.0 10.0

TAED 2.0 2.0

Genapol ^® 2909D (nonionic surfactant) 2.0 2.0

Protease 2.0 2.0

Amylase 1.0 1.0

Genapol is a low-foaming fatty alcohol alkoxylate from Clariant Table 7: Cleaning power of PE4 compared to PV2 (in%)

Soiling type PE4 PV2

Oatmeal 88.0 80.0

Egg 100 98.5

Minced meat, intense 100 100

Spinach 100 100

Tea 100 100

Milk 81.0 67.0

The comparison recipe PV2 showed clear advantages over minced meat, spinach and tea compared to phosphate-free recipes. The recipe according to the invention additionally improved these achievements in terms of egg and protein-containing soiling and very significantly in milk and soiling of milk products and oatmeal.

Claims

claims

1. Solid machine dishwashing detergent, containing conventional phosphates and other conventional ingredients, characterized in that, in addition to the phosphates, a powdery to granular additive is contained as an additional builder, which as essential constituents is a crystalline layered silicate of the general formula (I)

NaMSi _x O _{2x +} y H ₂ O (I),

wherein M represents sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22 and y is a number from 0 to 33, and contains (co) polymeric polycarboxylic acid.

2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is the crystalline layered silicate of formula (I), introduced via the builder additive, in amounts of 2 to a maximum of 30 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 3 to 25 wt. -% and in particular in amounts of 4 to 20 wt .-% contains.

3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are phosphates, in particular salts of tripolyphosphate, in amounts, based on the entire formulation and calculated as an anhydrous active substance, in the range from above 30 wt .-% to 65 wt .-% and contains in particular from 35 to 60% by weight.

4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that there are one or more further builder substances from the group of carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, amorphous silicates, crystalline layered silicates which have not been introduced via the additive, polyfunctional carboxylic acids or contains their salts.

5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there are amorphous silicates, in particular amorphous sodium silicates with a weight ratio Na ₂ O: SiO of 1: 1.8 to 1: 3.3 in amounts of less than 4 wt. -%, preferably less than 2 wt .-%, with particular preference being given to agents which are free of amorphous silicates. 26

to 4, -C ₂ -C _] alkyl polyethylene glycols containing 3 to 8 ethylene oxide units in the molecule, contains glucamides and / or hydroxy mixed ethers.

14. Composition according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that it contains mixtures of fatty alcohol alkoxylates and hydroxy mixed ethers or of alkyl polyglycoside and hydroxy mixed ethers or of fatty alcohol ethoxylates, hydroxy mixed ethers and alkyl polyglycoside.