EP1017776B1 - Bleichaktivator-granulate - Google Patents
Bleichaktivator-granulate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1017776B1 EP1017776B1 EP98947521A EP98947521A EP1017776B1 EP 1017776 B1 EP1017776 B1 EP 1017776B1 EP 98947521 A EP98947521 A EP 98947521A EP 98947521 A EP98947521 A EP 98947521A EP 1017776 B1 EP1017776 B1 EP 1017776B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- granules
- bleach activator
- bleach
- activator granules
- ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3935—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts granulated, coated or protected
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/126—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in solid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
- C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C11D3/3925—Nitriles; Isocyanates or quarternary ammonium nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
Definitions
- Bleach activators are important components in detergents, stain salts and Dishwashing detergents. They already enable a bleaching effect Temperatures below 60 ° C by using a source of hydrogen peroxide - mostly Perborates or percarbonates - with the release of an organic peroxy acid react.
- Similar granules can be produced by spray-drying aqueous slurries containing the activator and the cellulose ether.
- Granules consisting of bleach activator, cellulose ethers and additives of an organic C 3 -C 6 carbon or hydroxy carboxylic acid are described in WO 90/01 535 and WO 92/13 798. While in WO 90/01 535 the organic carboxylic acid is incorporated into the granulate core to accelerate its solubility, in WO 92/13 798 the carboxylic acid is applied to the finished granulate in an additional coating step.
- the acidic protective coat is intended to prevent spotting of the bleaching agent and to protect the color of the fabric.
- WO 94/03 395 claims for the same purpose the use of acidic polymer compounds with a water solubility> 5 g / l (at 20 ° C.) and molar masses of 1000 to 250,000.
- Also known are granules of bleach activators in which mixtures of soaps and free fatty acids are used as granulation aids.
- particles can also be produced in which a bleach activator which is solid per se is deposited in finely divided form on an inorganic carrier material.
- the activator and carrier material are first mixed intimately and an organic solvent (ethanol or toluene) is added, whereby the activator goes into solution. Subsequent distillation of the solvent causes the activator to be deposited on the carrier in finely divided form.
- the preferred particle size distribution of the particles according to the invention is between 60 and 250 ⁇ m.
- the invention thus relates to bleach activator granules consisting of essentially from an ammonium nitrile and a layered silicate.
- a mixing unit e.g. Ploughshare mixer
- the mixture of ammonium nitrile and binder intimately mixed.
- the mixture becomes larger particles pressed. Suitable for this include Roller compactors.
- the compacts will then subjected to comminution (grinding) and to the desired Grain size crushed. Toothed pulley rollers and / or are suitable for this purpose Passiersrebe.
- ammonium nitriles trimethylammonium acetonitrile toluenesulfonate (1) and N-cyanomethyl-N-methylpiperazinium toluenesulfonate (2) and TAED (3) were tested in non-granulated form: 2.7 g bleach activator powder 1 3.1 g bleach activator powder 2 2.3 g bleach activator TAED powder
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
wobei der Aktivator in Lösung geht. Durch anschließende Abdestillation des Lösemittels wird der Aktivator in feinst verteilter Form auf dem Träger abgelagert. Die bevorzugte Korngrößenverteilung der erfindungsgemäßen Partikel liegt zwischen 60 und 250 µm.
Diese homogene Mischung wird anschließend auf einem Walzenkompaktor Pharmapaktor (Fa. Bepex (DE)) mit einer Preßkraft von 50 bis 60 kN zu Schülpen verpreßt, die dann in einer zweistufigen Mahlung, Vormahlung mit Zahnscheibenwalzen (Fa. Alexanderwerk (DE)) und Zerkleinerung in einem Passiersieb (Fa. Frewitt (DE)) bei einer Maschenweite von 2000 µm zerkleinert werden.
Man erhält 5,3 kg Granulat mit einer Korngrößenverteilung von 200 bis 1600 µm (Ausbeute: 53 %), sowie 2,8 kg Feinanteil < 200 µm (28 %), die durch erneute Kompaktierung rezykliert werden können, und 1,9 kg Grobanteil > 1600 µm (19 %), die durch erneute Mahlung aufgearbeitet werden können.
Als Aktivatoren wurden Trimethylammoniumacetonitril Toluolsulfonat (1 ) und N-Cyanomethyl-N-methylpiperazinium Toluolsulfonat (2) jeweils als Pulver sowie als Aktivatorgranulate Granulat 1 und Granulat 2 gemäß Beispiel 1 verwendet.
Tage | Restgehalt Aktivator (%) | |||
Ammoniumnitril 1 | Ammoniumnitril 2 | Granulat 1 | Granulat 2 | |
2 | 98 | 92 | 98 | 98 |
7 | 72 | 69 | 92 | 93 |
10 | 41 | 37 | 87 | 85 |
14 | 20 | 14 | 82 | 80 |
2,93 g Bleichaktivatorgranulat 1 (92 %ig) gemäß Beispiel 1,
3,37 g Bleichaktivatorgranulat 2 (92 %ig) gemäß Beispiel 1,
2,52 g Bleichaktivatorgranulat 3 (92 %ig) auf Basis TAED gemäß Beispiel 1 aus DE-A 44 39 039.
2,7 g Bleichaktivator Pulver 1
3,1 g Bleichaktivator Pulver 2
2,3 g Bleichaktivator TAED Pulver
Remissionsdifferenzen | |||||
Granulat 1 | Granulat 2 | Granulat 3 | Pulver 1 | Pulver 2 | Pulver 3 |
310 | 285 | 194 | 55 | 63 | 200 |
T = 40°C; Tee, Rotwein, Curry, Gras |
Claims (8)
- Bleichaktivatorgranulat aus einem oder mehreren Ammoniumnitrilen und Schichtsilikat, erhalten durch Mischen der beiden Komponenten, Verpressen und Zerkleinern der dabei erhaltenen Agglomerate auf die gewünschte Korngröße.
- Bleichaktivatorgranulat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich zu den Ammoniumnitrilen Bleichaktivatoren anderer Struktur enthält.
- Bleichaktivatorgranulat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Schichtsilikat natürliche oder sauer modifizierte Bentonite enthält.
- Bleichaktivatorgranulat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es im wesentlichen aus Ammoniumnitril und Schichtsilikat im Gewichtsverhältnis 50:50 bis 98:2 besteht.
- Bleichaktivatorgranulat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine Korngröße von 100 bis 2000 µm aufweist.
- Bleichaktivatorgranulat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Granulat bis zu 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Granulats ein oder mehrere Zusätze in Form von anorganischen Säuren, organischen Säuren, Komplexbildnern, Ketonen und Metallkomplexen enthält.
- Wasch-, Reinigungs-, Bleich- und Desinfektionsmittel, enthaltend ein Bleichaktivatorgranulat gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19740671A DE19740671A1 (de) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Bleichaktivator-Granulate |
DE19740671 | 1997-09-16 | ||
PCT/EP1998/005628 WO1999014302A1 (de) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-09-05 | Bleichaktivator-granulate |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1017776A1 EP1017776A1 (de) | 2000-07-12 |
EP1017776B1 true EP1017776B1 (de) | 2003-12-03 |
Family
ID=7842499
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98947521A Expired - Lifetime EP1017776B1 (de) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-09-05 | Bleichaktivator-granulate |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6063750A (de) |
EP (1) | EP1017776B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4210428B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100500184B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1270626A (de) |
AR (1) | AR017107A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE255628T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU9440398A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9812315A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2304252A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19740671A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1017776T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2212345T3 (de) |
TW (1) | TW512173B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999014302A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8198503B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2012-06-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent articles comprising odor controlling materials |
US8558051B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2013-10-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article having odor control system |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19641708A1 (de) * | 1996-10-10 | 1998-04-16 | Clariant Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gecoateten Bleichaktivatorgranulats |
DE19913995A1 (de) | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-05 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von körnigen N-Alkylamoniumacetonitril-Salzen |
DE19914811A1 (de) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Enzym- und bleichaktivatorhaltige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE10038180A1 (de) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-14 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Verwendung eines neuartigen Bleichaktivator-Compounds in Geschirrspülmittelzusammensetzungen |
DE10038832A1 (de) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-03-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Umhüllte Bleichaktivatoren |
DE10038845A1 (de) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Teilchenförmig konfektionierte Acetonitril-Derivate als Bleichaktivatoren in festen Waschmitteln |
DE10049237A1 (de) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-11 | Basf Ag | Beschichtete, körnige N-Alkylammoniumacetonitril-Salze und deren Verwendung als Bleichaktivator |
DE10159386A1 (de) * | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bleichaktivatorgranulaten |
DE10159388A1 (de) * | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von umhüllten Bleichaktivatorgranulaten |
DE10161766A1 (de) * | 2001-12-15 | 2003-06-26 | Clariant Gmbh | Bleichaktivator-Co-Granulate |
EP1509493A2 (de) | 2002-05-31 | 2005-03-02 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Desodorierung von kationischen ammoniumacetonitrilderivaten |
DE10314442A1 (de) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-11-04 | Henkel Kgaa | MGSM mit speziell konfektionierten Bleichaktivatoren III |
BR0317351A (pt) * | 2002-12-18 | 2005-11-16 | Procter & Gamble | Ativador orgânico, processo para a produção, composição de limpeza e método de limpeza do mesmo |
DE10304131A1 (de) | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-05 | Clariant Gmbh | Verwendung von Übergangsmetallkomplexen als Bleichkatalysatoren |
DE10314441A1 (de) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivator-Compounds |
EP2286845B1 (de) | 2004-03-05 | 2016-11-16 | Gen-Probe Incorporated | Reagentien und Verfahren zur Deaktivierung von Nukleinsäuren |
DE102004012568A1 (de) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-12-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE102004012915A1 (de) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-10-13 | Clariant Gmbh | Feste Zubereitungen enthaltend einen sensitiven Wirkstoff |
DE102004028494A1 (de) * | 2004-06-11 | 2005-12-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Mischungen von Ammoniumnitril-Bleichaktivatoren und Aminosäuren |
JP2007172716A (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-07-05 | Sony Corp | 再生装置、再生方法および再生プログラム、記録媒体およびデータ構造、ならびに、オーサリング装置、オーサリング方法およびオーサリングプログラム |
EP1847590B1 (de) * | 2006-04-20 | 2013-06-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bleichpartikeln |
DE102006036889A1 (de) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Clariant International Limited | Verwendung von Aminoacetonen und deren Salzen als Bleichkraftverstärker für Persauerstoffverbindungen |
US20080177089A1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Eugene Steven Sadlowski | Novel whitening agents for cellulosic substrates |
WO2011146602A2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-11-24 | Milliken & Company | Optical brighteners and compositions comprising the same |
WO2011146604A2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-11-24 | Milliken & Company | Optical brighteners and compositions comprising the same |
US8476216B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2013-07-02 | Milliken & Company | Colored speckles having delayed release properties |
US8715368B2 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2014-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Thiophene azo dyes and laundry care compositions containing the same |
CN103492062A (zh) | 2011-02-25 | 2014-01-01 | 美利肯公司 | 胶囊及包含其的组合物 |
US9902923B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2018-02-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polyglycerol dye whitening agents for cellulosic substrates |
US9777250B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-10-03 | Milliken & Company | Whitening agents for cellulosic substrates |
US9976035B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2018-05-22 | Milliken & Company | Whitening agents for cellulosic substrates |
US10155868B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2018-12-18 | Milliken & Company | Whitening agents for cellulosic substrates |
US20200123475A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing n-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US11732218B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2023-08-22 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing N-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US11299591B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2022-04-12 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing N-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US11518963B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2022-12-06 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing N-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US20200123472A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing n-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US11466122B2 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2022-10-11 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing N-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US20200123319A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Milliken & Company | Polyethyleneimine compounds containing n-halamine and derivatives thereof |
US20210269747A1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-02 | Milliken & Company | Composition Comprising Hueing Agent |
US20210277335A1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-09 | Milliken & Company | Composition Comprising Hueing Agent |
US11718814B2 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2023-08-08 | Milliken & Company | Composition comprising hueing agent |
US20220079862A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | Milliken & Company | Hair care composition containing polymeric colorant |
US11351106B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2022-06-07 | Milliken & Company | Oxidative hair cream composition containing thiophene azo colorant |
US11344492B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2022-05-31 | Milliken & Company | Oxidative hair cream composition containing polymeric colorant |
WO2022197295A1 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-22 | Milliken & Company | Polymeric colorants with reduced staining |
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DE4439039A1 (de) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-09 | Hoechst Ag | Granulierte Bleichaktivatoren und ihre Herstellung |
GB2294694A (en) * | 1994-11-05 | 1996-05-08 | Procter & Gamble | Solid detergent composition |
US5739327A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-04-14 | The Clorox Company | N-alkyl ammonium acetonitrile bleach activators |
CZ288066B6 (cs) * | 1995-10-16 | 2001-04-11 | Unilever N. V. | Zapouzdřená částice bělicího prostředku |
DE19605526A1 (de) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-21 | Hoechst Ag | Ammoniumnitrile und deren Verwendung als Bleichaktivatoren |
-
1997
- 1997-09-16 DE DE19740671A patent/DE19740671A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-09-05 CA CA002304252A patent/CA2304252A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-05 AU AU94403/98A patent/AU9440398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-05 DK DK98947521T patent/DK1017776T3/da active
- 1998-09-05 KR KR10-2000-7002790A patent/KR100500184B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-05 AT AT98947521T patent/ATE255628T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-05 EP EP98947521A patent/EP1017776B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-05 BR BR9812315-7A patent/BR9812315A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-05 WO PCT/EP1998/005628 patent/WO1999014302A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-09-05 CN CN98809119A patent/CN1270626A/zh active Pending
- 1998-09-05 ES ES98947521T patent/ES2212345T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-05 JP JP2000511842A patent/JP4210428B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-05 DE DE59810362T patent/DE59810362D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-14 AR ARP980104568A patent/AR017107A1/es unknown
- 1998-09-15 US US09/152,841 patent/US6063750A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-15 US US09/152,840 patent/US6133216A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-15 TW TW087115373A patent/TW512173B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8558051B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2013-10-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article having odor control system |
US8198503B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2012-06-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent articles comprising odor controlling materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9812315A (pt) | 2000-08-29 |
CA2304252A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
ATE255628T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
WO1999014302A1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
EP1017776A1 (de) | 2000-07-12 |
DK1017776T3 (da) | 2004-03-15 |
TW512173B (en) | 2002-12-01 |
US6063750A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
AU9440398A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
JP4210428B2 (ja) | 2009-01-21 |
JP2001516800A (ja) | 2001-10-02 |
DE19740671A1 (de) | 1999-03-18 |
KR20010024052A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
CN1270626A (zh) | 2000-10-18 |
ES2212345T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
DE59810362D1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
KR100500184B1 (ko) | 2005-07-14 |
AR017107A1 (es) | 2001-08-22 |
US6133216A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
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