EP0971047A1 - Boriermittel - Google Patents
Boriermittel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0971047A1 EP0971047A1 EP99111057A EP99111057A EP0971047A1 EP 0971047 A1 EP0971047 A1 EP 0971047A1 EP 99111057 A EP99111057 A EP 99111057A EP 99111057 A EP99111057 A EP 99111057A EP 0971047 A1 EP0971047 A1 EP 0971047A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- borating agent
- boron
- agent according
- calcium fluoride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/68—Boronising
- C23C8/70—Boronising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a borating agent for the production of Boride layers on metallic materials. This serves especially for the generation of single-phase, hard and adhesive boride layers on ferrous materials to increase the wear resistance and to improve the Corrosion resistance of corresponding workpieces.
- Boronizing for wear protection of iron, steel and refractory metals has been a well-known process. Diffusion of the element boron into the surface of the treated workpiece and reaction with the base material creates dense, uniform layers of the respective boride, on iron, for example, the borides FeB, Fe 2 B.
- the borides have significantly changed properties compared to the pure metals, in particular they are Most borides are very hard, corrosion-resistant and therefore extremely wear-resistant. Due to their generation by diffusion and solid-state reaction, the boride layers are firmly connected to the base material. With regard to their wear resistance, borated steels, for example, are sometimes superior to steels treated by nitriding or carburizing.
- boroning is used almost exclusively in solid borating agents applied. In doing so, they become treated parts in iron boxes in powder mixtures packed, which essentially consist of boron-releasing substances, activating substances and the rest of refractory, inert extenders exist.
- the closed boxes are annealed for a while, in direct Solid state reaction or by transporting the boron over the Gas phase on the parts the desired boride layers be formed.
- Boration is usually carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1100 ° C and especially between 850 and 950 ° C carried out.
- the achievable layer thicknesses of the Boride layers are in the range between 30 and 300 ⁇ m.
- amorphous substances come as boron-releasing substances and crystalline boron, ferroboron, boron carbide and borax in Question.
- Chloride or are suitable as activating substances Fluoride-releasing compounds such as alkali and Alkaline earth metal chlorides or fluorides. Particularly common fluoroborates such as in particular are activators Potassium tetrafluoroborate.
- Typical extenders are Aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and silicon carbide. Borating agents of this type are, for example, in DE-PS 17 96 216 described. A typical composition which has proven itself as a borating agent to this day about 5% by weight boron carbide, 5% by weight potassium tetrafluoroborate and 90% by weight silicon carbide.
- Borating agent of the type mentioned are usually used as powder mixtures. she can also be used as granules (e.g. DE-OS 21 27 096) or be formulated as pastes (e.g. DE-OS 26 33 137). In the event of the compositions contain granules and pastes still minor amounts of binders or water.
- the boron-rich FeB phase is much more brittle than the Fe 2 B phase, which has a negative effect on the wear resistance of the borated components.
- an FeB boundary layer is also very easily formed, which should be avoided as far as possible for the reason mentioned.
- the invention was therefore based on the object of developing a borating agent with which, in particular on iron materials, practically exclusively single-phase, Fe 2 B-containing boride layers can be produced. Furthermore, the content of water-soluble fluorides in this borating agent should be reduced and, when used as intended, there should be a reduced fluorine emission.
- a borating agent that essentially from boron-releasing substances, activating substances and the rest consists of refractory, inert extender and which is characterized in that it acts as an activator
- Substance a combination of, based on the total amount of the borating agent, 1 to 5% by weight of potassium tetrafluoroborate and Contains 5 to 40 wt.% Calcium fluoride.
- the invention relates to a borating agent as characterized above for producing boride layers on metallic workpieces, in particular for producing single-phase, Fe 2 B-containing boride layers on workpieces made of ferrous materials.
- a conventional borating agent to which calcium fluoride is added as a further activating substance in addition to the usual activator substances, can be used to specifically influence and control the type of boride formation in the workpiece surface.
- practically FeB-free, single-phase Fe 2 B layers can be produced without further ado.
- the borating agent according to the invention accordingly contains a combination of 1 to 5% by weight of potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF 4 ) and 5 to 40% by weight of calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) as the activating substance, the amounts given relating to the total amount of the borating agent.
- the borating agent according to the invention preferably contains a combination of 2 to 4% by weight, in particular about 2.5% by weight of potassium tetrafluoroborate and 10 to 30% by weight, in particular about 25% by weight of calcium fluoride as activator substance.
- the boroning agent according to the invention can contain the usual boron-releasing substances, such as amorphous or crystalline ferroboron and in particular boron carbide (B 4 C). It preferably contains 2 to 10% by weight boron carbide.
- the borating agent according to the invention contains the rest the usual extenders, in particular silicon carbide (SiC).
- the borating agent according to the invention preferably contains as boron-releasing substance 2 to 10 wt.%, boron carbide, as activating substance 1 to 5 wt.% Potassium tetrafluoroborate and 5 to 40 wt.% Calcium fluoride and as an extender in Balance silicon carbide.
- a particularly preferred composition consists of 3 to 5% by weight boron carbide, 2 to 4% by weight potassium tetrafluoroborate, 10 up to 30% by weight calcium fluoride and 61 to 85% by weight Silicon carbide.
- a typical composition consists of 4% by weight B 4 C, 2.5% by weight KBF 4 , 25% by weight CaF 2 and 68.5% by weight SiC.
- the borating agent according to the invention typically comes in Form of a powder mixture for use.
- a powder mixture for the production such a powder mixture are only the powdery starting substances, if necessary Grinding, intimately mixed.
- the particle size of such Powder mixtures typically range from 10 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the invention Formulate borating agent in the form of granules.
- the corresponding powder mixture can be used, for example pasted with water and optionally a binder and then produced a granulate in a known manner become.
- the particle size is typical in the range 0.1 to 2.5 mm.
- the borating agent as To formulate paste. This can be done by adding Water and possibly minor amounts of Help open, e.g. Binder, from the corresponding Powder mixture can be produced.
- the borating agent according to the invention can be used very advantageously for producing boride layers on metallic workpieces. Because the content of KBF 4 can be reduced compared to known compositions by partial replacement with the water-insoluble CaF 2 , the agent according to the invention is significantly less critical with regard to fluoride emissions, which in particular means the disposal of waste water after washing the borated components and of depleted borating agent concerns. A reduced KBF 4 content is also advantageous when the agent is used as intended, since correspondingly lower fluorine gas emissions occur.
- a particular process advantage of the borating agent according to the invention is that single-phase, Fe 2 B-containing boron layers can be easily and easily produced on workpieces made of ferrous materials.
- the surface of the workpieces is covered with the borating agent and this is then treated at temperatures between 800 and 1100 ° C. until a boride layer of the desired thickness has formed .
- the parts are packed in a known manner in closed iron boxes into a powder mixture or granules of the borating agent according to the invention, so that the surfaces of the parts are completely covered.
- the surface of the parts can also be coated with a borating agent paste. This is advantageous when a partially borated surface is desired.
- Boronation is preferably carried out at temperatures between 850 and 950 ° C. over a period of 20 minutes to 2 hours.
- single-phase Fe 2 B layers with a thickness of 30 to 150 ⁇ m can be obtained.
- Example 1 (comparative example ):
- a component made of 42CrMo4 was borated for 30 min at 920 ° C in a borating agent according to the prior art with the following composition: 4% by weight B 4 C 5% by weight KBF 4 91% by weight SiC.
- the component was moderately easy to remove from the borating agent remove the borating agent with difficulty between the fingers grate into powder.
- the boride layer had one Layer thickness of 45-50 ⁇ m, with FeB peaks up to 16 ⁇ m depth can be seen. Fluorine gas emissions of approx. 4 g / kg of borating agent measured.
- a component made of 42CrMo4 was borated for 30 min at 920 ° C in a borating agent according to the invention with the following composition: 4% by weight B 4 C 5% by weight KBF 4 10% by weight CaF 2 81% by weight SiC.
- the component was moderately easy to remove from the borating agent remove the borating agent moderately light between the Grind fingers into powder.
- the boride layer had one 50 ⁇ m thick and was completely FeB-free.
- the Layer structure was significantly more uniform than that of the Layer from example 1. There were fluorine gas emissions of approx. 4 g / kg boriding agent measured.
- a component made of 42CrMo4 was borated for 30 min at 920 ° C in a borating agent according to the invention with the following composition: 4% by weight B 4 C 2% by weight KBF 4 30% by weight CaF 2 64% by weight SiC.
- the component was easy to remove from the borating agent remove the borating agent slightly between the fingers Grate powder.
- the boride layer had a thickness of 50-55 ⁇ m, was completely FeB-free and had a lot uniform, compact structure.
- the fluorine emissions were only 2 g / kg of borating agent.
- a component made of 42CrMo4 was borated for 30 min at 920 ° C in a borating agent with the following composition: 4% by weight B 4 C 2% by weight KBF 4 94% by weight SiC.
- the component was moderately easy to remove from the borating agent, and the borating agent could be ground into powder quite easily between the fingers.
- the boride layer had a thickness of 40-50 ⁇ m.
- An FeB layer with layer thicknesses of up to 20 ⁇ m was found. With a simple reduction of the KBF 4 , a layer quality that meets the requirements is not achieved.
- a component made of 42CroMo4 was borated for 30 min at 920 ° C in a mixture of the following composition: 10% by weight B 4 C 30% by weight CaF 2 60% by weight SiC.
- the component could easily be removed from the powder, however only showed individual boride peaks of max. 16 ⁇ m, there was no closed boride layer. This proves that calcium fluoride is low, but alone insufficient activation.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
4 Gew.% | B4C |
5 Gew.% | KBF4 |
91 Gew.% | SiC. |
4 Gew.% | B4C |
5 Gew.% | KBF4 |
10 Gew.% | CaF2 |
81 Gew.% | SiC. |
4 Gew.% | B4C |
2 Gew.% | KBF4 |
30 Gew.% | CaF2 |
64 Gew.% | SiC. |
4 Gew.% | B4C |
2 Gew.% | KBF4 |
94 Gew.% | SiC. |
10 Gew.% | B4C |
30 Gew.% | CaF2 |
60 Gew.% | SiC. |
Claims (10)
- Boriermittel zur Erzeugung von Boridschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken, im wesentlichen bestehend aus borabgebenden Substanzen, aktivierenden Substanzen und im Rest aus feuerfestem, inerten Streckmittel,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es als aktivierende Substanz eine Kombination aus, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge des Boriermittels, 1 bis 5 Gew.% Kaliumtetrafluoroborat und 5 bis 40 Gew.% Calciumfluorid enthält. - Boriermittel nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es als borabgebende Substanz 2 bis 10 Gew.% Borcarbid enthält. - Boriermittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es als Streckmittel Siliciumcarbid enthält. - Boriermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es als borabgebende Substanz 2 bis 10 Gew.% Borcarbid, als aktivierende Substanz 1 bis 5 Gew.% Kaliumtetrafluoroborat und 5 bis 40 Gew.% Calciumfluorid und als Streckmittel im Rest Siliciumcarbid enthält. - Boriermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es 3 bis 5 Gew.% Borcarbid, 2 bis 4 Gew.% Kaliumtetrafluoroborat, 10 bis 30 Gew.% Calciumfluorid und 61 bis 85 Gew.% Siliciumcarbid enthält. - Boriermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es aus 4 Gew.% Borcarbid, 2,5 Gew.% Kaliumtetrafluoroborat, 25 Gew.% Calciumfluorid und 68,5 Gew.% Siliciumcarbid besteht. - Boriermittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß es in Form eines Pulvers, eines Granulates oder einer Paste vorliegt. - Verwendung von Boriermitteln gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, zur Erzeugung von einphasigen, Fe2B-enthaltenden Boridschichten auf Werkstücken aus Eisenwerkstoffen.
- Verfahren zur Erzeugung von einphasigen, Fe2B-enthaltenden Boridschichten auf Werkstücken aus Eisenwerkstoffen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man die Oberfläche der Werkstücke mit einem Boriermittel gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7 bedeckt und diese dann bei Temperaturen zwischen 800 und 1100°C behandelt, bis sich eine Boridschicht der gewünschten Dicke gebildet hat. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man zur Erzeugung von Fe2B-Schichten einer Dicke von 30 bis 150 µm bei Temperaturen zwischen 850 und 950°C über einen Zeitraum von 20 Minuten bis 2 Stunden behandelt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19830654 | 1998-07-09 | ||
DE19830654A DE19830654C2 (de) | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | Boriermittel, seine Verwendung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einphasiger, Fe¶2¶B-haltiger Boridschichten |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0971047A1 true EP0971047A1 (de) | 2000-01-12 |
EP0971047B1 EP0971047B1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
Family
ID=7873432
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99111057A Expired - Lifetime EP0971047B1 (de) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-06-15 | Boriermittel |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6245162B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0971047B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4209043B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE230809T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2277006A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ295205B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19830654C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2189316T3 (de) |
TR (1) | TR199901596A2 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA994445B (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10163107C1 (de) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-10 | Univ Hannover | Magnesium-Werkstück und Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer korrosionsschützenden Deckschicht eines Magnesium-Werkstücks |
WO2003074758A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-12 | Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen | Method of forming a diamond coating on an iron-based substrate and use of such an iron-based substrate for hosting a cvd diamond coating |
WO2004046262A2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-03 | University Of Utah | Integral titanium boride coatings on titanium surfaces and associated methods |
CN1293227C (zh) * | 2004-10-29 | 2007-01-03 | 武汉理工大学 | 金属表面渗硼层的快速制备方法 |
US7459105B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2008-12-02 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods |
WO2007038192A2 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-04-05 | Skaffco Engineering & Manufacturing, Inc. | Plasma boriding method |
WO2007124018A2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-01 | Skaff Corporation Of America, Inc. | Mechanical parts having increased wear resistance |
US8012274B2 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2011-09-06 | Skaff Corporation Of America, Inc. | Mechanical parts having increased wear-resistance |
US20100176339A1 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Chandran K S Ravi | Jewelry having titanium boride compounds and methods of making the same |
US8894770B2 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-11-25 | Andritz Iggesund Tools Inc. | Process and apparatus to treat metal surfaces |
CN103938150B (zh) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-02-17 | 山东建筑大学 | 一种低温固体渗硼活化剂 |
US20170320171A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Palliative superalloy welding process |
US11192792B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 | 2021-12-07 | Bwt Llc | Boronizing powder compositions for improved boride layer quality in oil country tubular goods and other metal articles |
US10870912B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 | 2020-12-22 | Bwt Llc | Method for using boronizing reaction gases as a protective atmosphere during boronizing, and reaction gas neutralizing treatment |
DE102019202477A1 (de) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Reibbremskörper für eine Reibbremse eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Reibbremskörpers |
CN114703447A (zh) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-05 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种具有单相Fe2B组织的渗硼剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115571891B (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | 一种S掺杂Fe2B复合材料的制备方法及应用 |
Citations (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE2147755A1 (de) * | 1971-09-24 | 1973-03-29 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | Borierungsmittel |
GB1436945A (en) * | 1973-01-08 | 1976-05-26 | Borax Cons Ltd | Boriding compositions |
PL90793B1 (de) * | 1974-06-19 | 1977-01-31 | ||
SU834241A1 (ru) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-05-30 | Белорусский Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Политехнический Институт | Смесь дл борировани стальных изделий |
CN86107815A (zh) * | 1986-11-05 | 1988-05-18 | 山东省新材料研究所 | 渗硼用胶膜 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1796212B1 (de) * | 1968-09-21 | 1972-05-31 | Inst Haerterei Technik | Verfahren zum borieren von titan und seinen legierungen |
US3634145A (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1972-01-11 | Triangle Ind Inc | Case-hardened metals |
DE2126379C3 (de) * | 1971-05-27 | 1979-09-06 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum Borieren von Metallen, insbesondere von Stahl |
DE2127096C3 (de) * | 1971-06-01 | 1980-11-06 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum Borieren von Metallen, insbesondere von Stahl und Eisen |
DE2208734C3 (de) * | 1972-02-24 | 1980-07-31 | Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Pulverförmiges Borierungsmittel |
DE2146472C3 (de) * | 1971-09-16 | 1979-01-11 | Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Pulverförmiges Borierungsmittel |
US3936327A (en) * | 1972-09-07 | 1976-02-03 | Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh | Boriding composition |
DE2633137C2 (de) * | 1976-07-23 | 1983-12-01 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Borierungsmittel zum Borieren von Massenteilen aus Eisen und Nichteisenmetallen |
DE3431044A1 (de) * | 1984-08-23 | 1986-03-06 | Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH, 8000 München | Verfahren zum borieren von metall und metall-legierungen mittels fester boriermittel |
-
1998
- 1998-07-09 DE DE19830654A patent/DE19830654C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-06-15 DE DE59903955T patent/DE59903955D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-15 AT AT99111057T patent/ATE230809T1/de active
- 1999-06-15 EP EP99111057A patent/EP0971047B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-15 ES ES99111057T patent/ES2189316T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-08 ZA ZA9904445A patent/ZA994445B/xx unknown
- 1999-07-08 CZ CZ19992439A patent/CZ295205B6/cs unknown
- 1999-07-08 US US09/349,722 patent/US6245162B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-08 TR TR1999/01596A patent/TR199901596A2/xx unknown
- 1999-07-08 CA CA002277006A patent/CA2277006A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-09 JP JP19635399A patent/JP4209043B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
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DE2147755A1 (de) * | 1971-09-24 | 1973-03-29 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | Borierungsmittel |
GB1436945A (en) * | 1973-01-08 | 1976-05-26 | Borax Cons Ltd | Boriding compositions |
PL90793B1 (de) * | 1974-06-19 | 1977-01-31 | ||
SU834241A1 (ru) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-05-30 | Белорусский Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Политехнический Институт | Смесь дл борировани стальных изделий |
CN86107815A (zh) * | 1986-11-05 | 1988-05-18 | 山东省新材料研究所 | 渗硼用胶膜 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 102, no. 26, 1 July 1985, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 224093, RUS, J. ET AL: "Boronizing of 304 steel" XP002121002 * |
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 110, no. 4, 23 January 1989, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 27915, ZHANG, YIBIN: "Pasting sheet for boronizing" XP002121001 * |
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 90, no. 12, 19 March 1979, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 90930, SADOK, LUCJAN ET AL: "Agents in powder form for the boronizing of steel" XP002121000 * |
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 95, no. 26, 28 December 1981, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 223836, KRUKOVICH, M. G. ET AL: "Composition for boronizing steel articles" XP002121003 * |
J. MATER. SCI. LETT. (1985), 4(5), 558-60, 1985 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2189316T3 (es) | 2003-07-01 |
CA2277006A1 (en) | 2000-01-09 |
CZ243999A3 (cs) | 2000-03-15 |
US6245162B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
ATE230809T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
CZ295205B6 (cs) | 2005-06-15 |
ZA994445B (en) | 2000-01-13 |
EP0971047B1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
DE19830654C2 (de) | 2002-06-27 |
TR199901596A3 (tr) | 2000-02-21 |
JP4209043B2 (ja) | 2009-01-14 |
DE19830654A1 (de) | 2000-01-13 |
DE59903955D1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
TR199901596A2 (xx) | 2000-02-21 |
JP2000038651A (ja) | 2000-02-08 |
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