EP0895653B1 - Elektrische strahlungsquelle und bestrahlungssystem mit dieser strahlungsquelle - Google Patents

Elektrische strahlungsquelle und bestrahlungssystem mit dieser strahlungsquelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0895653B1
EP0895653B1 EP97942813A EP97942813A EP0895653B1 EP 0895653 B1 EP0895653 B1 EP 0895653B1 EP 97942813 A EP97942813 A EP 97942813A EP 97942813 A EP97942813 A EP 97942813A EP 0895653 B1 EP0895653 B1 EP 0895653B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation source
electrodes
discharge
individual
source according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97942813A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0895653A1 (de
Inventor
Frank Vollkommer
Lothar Hitzschke
Jens Mücke
Rolf Siebauer
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Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/06—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by radioactive material structurally associated with the lamp, e.g. inside the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical radiation source according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an irradiation system with this radiation source and with a voltage source according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • the radiation source emits by means of a dielectric barrier Discharge incoherent radiation.
  • a dielectric barrier discharge is generated by using one or both of the two with the voltage source connected electrodes of the discharge arrangement by a dielectric is separated from the discharge inside the discharge vessel or are (one-sided or two-sided dielectric discharge).
  • UV (U ltra v iolet) - and IR (I nfra r ot) emitters as well as discharge lamps which emit visible light in particular, to understand.
  • Radiation sources of this type are suitable, depending on the spectrum of the emitted radiation, for general and auxiliary lighting, such as home and office illumination or backlighting of displays, such as LCDs (L iquid C rystal D isplays), for the transport and signal lighting, as well as for UV radiation, e.g. disinfection or photolytics.
  • general and auxiliary lighting such as home and office illumination or backlighting of displays, such as LCDs (L iquid C rystal D isplays), for the transport and signal lighting, as well as for UV radiation, e.g. disinfection or photolytics.
  • the invention is based on WO 94/23442 and those disclosed therein Operating mode for dielectrically disabled discharges.
  • This mode of operation uses a basically unlimited sequence of voltage pulses, which are separated from each other by dead times or break times. critical for the efficiency of the generation of useful radiation are among others Pulse shape and the duration of the pulse or dead times. To be favoured for this mode of operation narrow, e.g. used strip-like electrodes, which can be dielectrically impeded on one or both sides.
  • Discharge structures may have their respective location along the electrodes can change spontaneously, causing some instability of the Radiation distribution results.
  • the discharge structures also accumulate in partial areas of the discharge vessel, whereby the Power distribution in relation to the total volume of the discharge vessel can be very uneven.
  • EP 0 254 111 B1 describes a radiator with a first transparent and a second flat metal electrode, e.g. known a metal layer.
  • the transparent electrode is a transparent, electrically conductive layer or implemented as a wire mesh.
  • the individual discharges therefore have two Degrees of freedom, corresponding to the respective two dimensions of the two Electrode surfaces.
  • the individual discharges can be anywhere along the warp or weft threads of the wire mesh, always have another degree of freedom.
  • EP-A-0 578 953 describes a high-performance radiator in the form of a coaxial one Double tube arrangement disclosed.
  • An outer electrode in the form of a Wire mesh extends over the entire circumference of the outer quartz tube.
  • a helical inner electrode is inserted into the inner quartz tube.
  • the inside of the inner quartz tube is filled with a coolant felt that has a high dielectric constant and except for cooling also serves to couple the inner electrode to the inner quartz tube.
  • the discharge space is formed Apply a variety of AC voltage between the electrodes Discharge channels.
  • To improve the ignition behavior at the first Ignition or after longer breaks in operation means are provided that due to local field distortion or field elevation at one point in the discharge space to force an initial spark.
  • the invention has for its object to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and a radiation source with one with respect to the total volume of their discharge vessel more even power distribution as well as with a in particular also to specify a more stable overall discharge over time.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the improvement of the efficiency of the production of useful radiation.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an irradiation system which contains said radiation source. This task will according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 15 solved.
  • the basic idea of the invention is local by means of a multitude limited amplifications of the electric field specifically spatially preferred To create starting points for the individual discharges.
  • the individual discharges are forced to the places of these local field reinforcements and remain essentially stationary there, i.e. they have none Degree of freedom more to move to a location in the immediate vicinity.
  • the overall structure of the discharge is largely temporal stable.
  • the specific form of the individual discharges only plays a subordinate role Role.
  • the delta and hourglass-shaped ones mentioned at the outset are true Individual discharges due to their high efficiency in generating useful radiation particularly suitable. Nevertheless, the invention is not limited to single discharges shaped in this way.
  • the electric field strength E (r) in the discharge space can be influenced by the capacitive effect of the dielectric layer (s) of the disabled electrode (s). Because of the capacitive effect of the dielectric, the electric field strength E (r) in the discharge space is weakened.
  • the locations of local field strengthening are therefore due to the targeted structure at least one of the electrodes and / or the dielectric material is created.
  • the geometrical extent of the places is on the concrete Dimensions of the individual discharges matched.
  • Structure are both form, structure, material and understand spatial arrangement and orientation.
  • the distance reductions ⁇ d (r i ) are achieved by specially shaped or structured electrodes, which are also suitably arranged spatially to one another.
  • the specific design of the electrode configuration is matched to the shape or symmetry of the discharge vessel.
  • bipolar voltage pulses it should be taken into account that the electrodes of different polarity alternately act as cathode or anode and, consequently, should ideally be of completely the same design.
  • unipolar voltage pulses it is expedient to structure or shape only the cathode in a targeted manner, since the “tips” of the delta-shaped individual discharges start there.
  • two or more substantially elongated electrodes that are parallel to each other are arranged.
  • Structuring the electrode doesn't matter if the electrodes are all outside or inside, on one side or on opposite sides Sides of the discharge vessel are arranged. It is only important that either at least the electrodes of one polarity (one-sided dielectric disabled discharge) or the electrodes of both polarities (Dielectric barrier discharge on both sides) by a dielectric Layer are separated from the discharge.
  • Rod-shaped electrodes with nose-like shapes or "zigzag" and rectangular shapes are suitable, for example.
  • the shapes or shapes of the respective electrodes are dimensioned such that the local field reinforcements E ( r i ) thereby achieved are on the one hand sufficiently high to reliably generate the individual discharges at only these points r i of the distance reductions ⁇ d (r i ) .
  • the partial volume of the discharge vessel claimed by the shapes or by the shape of the electrode cannot be used by the individual discharges themselves. Given the requirement to create a discharge vessel that is as compact as possible or an efficiently used vessel volume, a relatively small reduction in distance should therefore be aimed for. An acceptable compromise can therefore be found in individual cases.
  • Typical relationships between the shortening of the distance ⁇ d (r i ) and the effective striking distance w for the individual discharges are in the range between approx. 0.1 and 0.4.
  • a combination is particularly suitable for cylindrical discharge vessels consisting of a helical and one or more elongated electrodes.
  • the helical electrode is preferably centrally axially inside of the discharge vessel arranged.
  • the elongated electrode or electrodes are at a predeterminable distance from the outer surface of the electrode coil, for example on the outer wall of the cylinder jacket of the discharge vessel, preferably arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
  • the pitch - i.e. the distance within which the helix is one complete revolution - is preferably about the size of that maximum transverse expansion - in delta-like forms this corresponds to the Foot width - of the individual discharges or larger, to overlap the individual discharges to prevent.
  • DE 41 40 497 A1 already contains a high-power radiator, in particular for ultraviolet light, disclosed with a helical inner electrode.
  • this inner electrode is only used for coupling of a pole of an AC voltage source to a distributed additional capacitance acting molded body.
  • the pulse voltage source delivers voltage pulses interrupted by pauses, such as in WO 94/23442.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the overlap of individual discharges to be largely prevented or at least restricted. It It has been shown that the efficiency for the production of useful radiation increases with decreasing overlap. On the other hand lets by moving together or overlapping the individual discharges the volume of electrical discharge that can be coupled into the discharge vessel increase. Therefore, a suitable compromise between the Level of performance (greater overlap) and level of efficiency (less overlap) to choose. Depending on the requirement, either the absolute value of the radiant power or the efficiency of the Radiant power, i.e. in the case of visible radiation, the height of the Luminous flux or the luminous efficacy, weighted more.
  • the maximum transverse expansion has to be considered of the individual discharges standardized distance in the range of approx. 0.5 to 1.5 proved to be suitable.
  • spaced partial discharges i.e. that between the partial discharges is a discharge-free area, a mutual influence of the Partial discharges can be largely excluded.
  • Figure 1 serves primarily to explain the principle of the invention - namely the targeted localization of the individual discharges of a pulsed dielectrically disabled discharge using local field amplifiers - and based on local shortening of the electrode spacing of a discharge arrangement 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the Discharge arrangement 1 with two arranged parallel to each other at a distance d elongated electrodes 2,3 in a schematic representation.
  • a first one 2 of the two electrodes 2, 3 is covered by a dielectric layer 4 adjacent discharge space, which extends between the two electrodes 2, 3 Cut.
  • the second metallic electrode 3, however, is uncoated.
  • This is a one-sided dielectric barrier Discharge arrangement that is particularly efficient with unipolar voltage pulses is operated.
  • the polarity is chosen so that the dielectric handicapped electrode 2 as the anode and the unhindered electrode 3 consequently act as a cathode.
  • the cathode 3 has four nose-like extensions 9-12, which face the anode 2. As a result, locally limited reinforcements of the electric field are generated at the locations of the extensions 9-12. These targeted field reinforcements have the effect that - assuming a sufficiently high electrical power - a delta-shaped individual discharge 5-8 starts at each of these extensions 9-12.
  • the transverse extension s of the respective extension ie the extension along the cathode 3 is relatively small compared to the width f of the Foot of a single discharge.
  • the transverse extension s is typically about 1/10 of the foot width f .
  • the lateral extent of the extensions 9-12 ie the extent in the direction of the shortest distance to the opposite anode 2 - that is, the shortening of the distance ⁇ d ( r i ) previously explained in the description.
  • the respective distance between the extensions 9-12 and the anode - minus the dielectric layer 4 - thus gives the effective striking distance w for the individual discharges 5-8.
  • the ratio of lateral expansion Schlag and effective stroke length w is in the range between approx. 0.1 and 0.4.
  • the distances between adjacent individual discharges 5-8 can be influenced by the distances a of the associated extensions 9-12. To clarify this concept, the distances between the successive extensions 9-12 and consequently also the associated individual discharges 5-8 are selected differently in FIG. It is also assumed that the delta-shaped individual discharges 5-8 have the shape of an equilateral triangle.
  • the mutual distance between the first two extensions 9 and 10 corresponds exactly to half the foot width f of the two associated individual discharges 5 and 6, corresponding to a distance of 0.5 normalized to the foot width f . Consequently, these two individual discharges 5 and 6 overlap in the overlap region 13.
  • the mutual distance between the second and third extensions 6 and 7 corresponds to the entire foot width f of the two associated individual discharges 6 and 7, corresponding to a standardized distance of 1.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are variations of the discharge arrangement of Figure 1 with two anodes arranged parallel to each other schematically shown. Identical features are provided with the same reference numbers.
  • the local reductions in the electrode spacing are complete a "zigzag" arranged centrally in the plane of the two anodes 2a, 2b - or sawtooth-shaped cathode 14, for example made of a metal wire bent, realized.
  • the six points 15-20 of the cathode 14 point alternating with one or the other of the two anodes 2a, 2b.
  • To this Way is achieved that with appropriate electrical power at everyone the prongs 15-20 apply a delta-shaped individual discharge 21-26.
  • FIG. 3 only the cathode 27 has been changed compared to FIG. 1, specifically in such a way that a centrally between the two anodes 2a, 2b Sequence of four stages 28-31, for example bent from a metal wire, extends. Steps 28-31 alternate with one anode 2a and other anodes 2b oriented, so that these steps as local shortenings function of the electrode gap.
  • the discharge arrangement in FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for "curtain-like" discharge structures, such as those under certain discharge conditions, e.g. relatively low pressure of the gas or gas mixture can be generated within the discharge vessel. Under these Under special conditions, no delta-shaped individual discharges are formed out. Rather, then burn between levels 28,30 and adjacent anode 2a on the one hand and between steps 29, 31 and adjacent anode 2b, on the other hand, each have rectangular discharges 32.34 and 33.35, respectively.
  • the step-like cathode is additionally of a thin one dielectric layer coated (not shown). That way is one Dielectric barrier arrangement realized on both sides. So that's one efficient operation with bipolar voltage pulses possible. Change in the process the alignment of the delta-shaped individual discharges constantly the changing polarity of the voltage pulses in the opposite direction. With typical pulse repetition frequencies in the range of a few tens Kilohertz creates the visual impression of "hourglass-shaped" individual discharges (not shown).
  • the inventive feature of locally limited shortenings of the electrode spacing can be printed, such as in the EP 0 363 832 A1.
  • Essential for the beneficial effect of The invention is merely the additional means for local field amplification an average per single discharge. You can also use the electrodes instead of being arranged spatially just as well in one plane.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b show a schematic representation of an embodiment of an irradiation system with flat radiator 36 and electrical supply device 37, partly in longitudinal section or in cross section.
  • the electrode arrangement is similar to that shown in FIG. 1 to explain the inventive idea.
  • the radiator 36 consists of an elongated cuboidal discharge vessel 38 made of glass. Xenon is located in the interior of the discharge vessel 38 with a filling pressure of approximately 8 kPa.
  • a first electrode 39 (cathode) connected to the negative pole of the supply device 37 (cathode) is arranged centrally in the longitudinal axis of the discharge vessel 38.
  • a further strip-shaped electrode 41a, 41b (anode) made of aluminum foil connected to the positive pole of the supply device 37 is arranged.
  • the cathode 39 consists of a metal rod which is provided with three pairs of nose-like extensions 42a, 42b-44a, 44b at a mutual spacing of approximately 15 mm.
  • the two extensions of each pair 42a, 42b-44a, 44b are oriented in the opposite direction and towards each of the two anodes 41a, 41b.
  • the extensions 42a, 42b-44a, 44b are semicircular with a diameter of approximately 2 mm. The lateral expansion l in the direction of the respective anode is therefore approx.
  • the supply device 37 delivers a sequence of negative voltage pulses with widths (full width at half height) of approx. 1 ⁇ s and a pulse repetition frequency of approx. 80 kHz.
  • a delta-shaped individual discharge 45a, 45b-47a, 47b can be generated on each of the extensions 42a, 42b-44a, 44b within the discharge vessel 38.
  • Each individual discharge begins with its tip on an extension and widens as far as the opposite side wall 40a, 40b, which acts as a dielectric layer, on the outer wall of which the associated anode 41a, 41b is fastened.
  • FIG. 5a shows the side view
  • FIG. 5b the cross section
  • FIG. 5c shows a partial longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a discharge lamp 48.
  • Its outer shape resembles conventional lamps with an Edison base 49.
  • An elongated inner electrode 51 is arranged centrally within the circular cylindrical discharge vessel 50 made of 0.7 mm thick glass.
  • the discharge vessel 50 has a diameter of approximately 50 mm.
  • the inside of the discharge vessel 50 is filled with xenon at a pressure of 173 hPa.
  • the inner electrode 51 is formed from metal wire as a right-handed spiral.
  • the respective diameters of the metal wire and the helix 51 are 1.2 mm and 10 mm, respectively.
  • the pitch h - ie the distance within which the helix makes one complete turn - is 15 mm. This value corresponds approximately to the foot width f of the delta-shaped individual discharges.
  • the tip of a delta-shaped individual discharge 54a-54d starts at these four points with the shortest stroke length w and widens up to the inner wall of the discharge vessel 50 in the direction of the outer electrodes 52a-52d. These locations of the shortest pitch are repeated from turn to turn and along the outer electrodes 52a-52d.
  • the individual discharges burn in a deliberate manner, separated from one another, in two planes intersecting perpendicularly in the longitudinal axis of the lamp, each plane passing through two opposite outer electrodes 52a, 52c and 52b, 52d.
  • the outer electrodes 52a-52d are electrically conductively connected to one another by means of a conductive silver strip 52e attached to the outer wall in a ring.
  • the inner wall of the discharge vessel 50 is coated with a phosphor layer 55. It is a three-band phosphor with the blue component BaMgAl 10 O 17 : Eu 2+ , the green component La-PO 4 : (Tb 3+ , Ce 3+ ) and the red component (Gd, Y) BO 3 : Eu 3+ . This results in a luminous efficacy of approx. 45 lm / W in pulse mode with voltage pulses of approx.
  • ballast (not shown), which the for the operation of the lamp supplies the necessary voltage pulses in the lamp base 49 integrated.
  • Figures 6a, 6b show a schematic representation of a top view or Side view of a flat fluorescent lamp operating white light emitted. It is used as a backlight for an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • the flat lamp 56 consists of a flat discharge vessel 57 with a rectangular base, four strip-like metallic cathodes 58 (-) and dielectric anodes 59 (+).
  • the discharge vessel 57 in turn consists of a base plate 60, a cover plate 61 and a frame 62.
  • Base plate 60 and cover plate 61 are each gas-tightly connected to the frame 62 by means of glass solder 63 such that the interior 64 of the discharge vessel 57 is cuboid.
  • the base plate 60 is larger than the cover plate 61 in such a way that the discharge vessel 57 has a circumferential free-standing edge.
  • the inner wall of the ceiling plate 61 is coated with a phosphor mixture (not visible in the illustration), which converts the UV / VUV radiation generated by the discharge into visible white light. It is a three-band phosphor with the blue component BAM (BaMgAl 10 O 17 : Eu 2+ ), the green component LAP (LaPO 4 : [Tb 3+ , Ce 3+ ]) and the red component YOB ([Y, Gd) BO 3 : Eu 3+ ).
  • the opening in the ceiling plate 61 is used for illustrative purposes only and provides a view of part of the cathodes 58 and anodes 59.
  • the cathodes 58 and anodes 59 are alternating and parallel on the inner wall the bottom plate 60 is arranged.
  • the anodes 59 and cathodes 58 are each extended at one end and on the base plate 60 from the inside 64 of the discharge vessel 57 on both sides to the outside performed such that the associated anodic or cathodic bushings arranged on opposite sides of the base plate are.
  • the electrode strips go on the edge of the base plate 60 58.59 each in the cathode-side 65 and anode-side 66 external power supply about.
  • the outer power supply lines 65, 66 serve as contacts for connection to an electrical pulse voltage source (not ) Shown. The connection with the two poles of a pulse voltage source usually takes place as follows.
  • the individual anodic and cathodic power supplies with each other connected, e.g. using a suitable connector (not shown) including connecting lines.
  • a suitable connector not shown
  • the two become common anodic or cathodic connecting lines with the associated two poles of the pulse voltage source connected.
  • the anodes 59 are completely included a glass layer 67 covered, the thickness of which is approximately 250 microns.
  • the cathode strips 58 have nose-like, the respectively adjacent anode 58 facing semicircular extensions 68. They work locally limited reinforcements of the electric field and consequently that the delta-shaped Single discharges (not shown) exclusively on these Ignite the spots and then burn locally.
  • the distance between the extensions 68 and the respective immediately neighboring anode strips is approx. 6 mm.
  • the radius of the semicircular Extensions 68 is approximately 2 mm.
  • the individual electrodes 58, 59 including bushings and outer ones Power supply lines 65, 66 are each in the form of a coherent interconnect Structures formed.
  • the structures are using screen printing technology applied directly to the base plate 60.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP97942813A 1996-09-11 1997-09-08 Elektrische strahlungsquelle und bestrahlungssystem mit dieser strahlungsquelle Expired - Lifetime EP0895653B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19636965A DE19636965B4 (de) 1996-09-11 1996-09-11 Elektrische Strahlungsquelle und Bestrahlungssystem mit dieser Strahlungsquelle
DE19636965 1996-09-11
PCT/DE1997/001989 WO1998011596A1 (de) 1996-09-11 1997-09-08 Elektrische strahlungsquelle und bestrahlungssystem mit dieser strahlungsquelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0895653A1 EP0895653A1 (de) 1999-02-10
EP0895653B1 true EP0895653B1 (de) 2002-11-20

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US (1) US6060828A (ja)
EP (1) EP0895653B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP3634870B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100351344B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN1123057C (ja)
AT (1) ATE228268T1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2237176C (ja)
DE (2) DE19636965B4 (ja)
ES (1) ES2188981T3 (ja)
HU (1) HU220260B (ja)
TW (1) TW451255B (ja)
WO (1) WO1998011596A1 (ja)

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CN1123057C (zh) 2003-10-01
JP2000500277A (ja) 2000-01-11
HUP9901298A2 (hu) 1999-08-30
TW451255B (en) 2001-08-21
HU220260B (hu) 2001-11-28
ES2188981T3 (es) 2003-07-01
KR19990067475A (ko) 1999-08-25
ATE228268T1 (de) 2002-12-15
EP0895653A1 (de) 1999-02-10
US6060828A (en) 2000-05-09
CA2237176C (en) 2005-08-16
JP3634870B2 (ja) 2005-03-30
DE19636965B4 (de) 2004-07-01
JP4133999B2 (ja) 2008-08-13
DE19636965A1 (de) 1998-03-12
DE59708773D1 (de) 2003-01-02
KR100351344B1 (ko) 2002-11-18
CN1200840A (zh) 1998-12-02
JP2005044816A (ja) 2005-02-17
CA2237176A1 (en) 1998-03-19
HUP9901298A3 (en) 2000-09-28
WO1998011596A1 (de) 1998-03-19

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