EP0713447B1 - Vorrichtung zur bildinspektion eines druckproduktes - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur bildinspektion eines druckproduktes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0713447B1
EP0713447B1 EP94919655A EP94919655A EP0713447B1 EP 0713447 B1 EP0713447 B1 EP 0713447B1 EP 94919655 A EP94919655 A EP 94919655A EP 94919655 A EP94919655 A EP 94919655A EP 0713447 B1 EP0713447 B1 EP 0713447B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
printed product
measuring
color
receiving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94919655A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0713447A1 (de
Inventor
Harald Bucher
Gerhard Fischer
Wolfgang Geissler
Werner Huber
Helmut Kipphan
Bernd Kistler
Gerhard Löffler
Clemens Rensch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Original Assignee
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Publication of EP0713447A1 publication Critical patent/EP0713447A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
    • B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
    • B41P2233/51—Marks on printed material for colour quality control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for image inspection and color measurement on at least one printed product that was created in a printing press with at least one printing unit.
  • a device for carrying out a comprehensive quality control on printed sheets is described in EP 0 410 253 A2.
  • the image data of a printed product are captured by a video camera, which is arranged above a matching table.
  • the data are stored in a memory for digital image data.
  • a light source is provided both for displaying data and as a guiding device for the measuring devices.
  • One or more systems for image evaluation, in particular for pattern recognition, are provided between the video camera and the light source and use the data of the memory for the image data.
  • Color measuring devices and register measuring devices are particularly suitable as measuring devices.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device that allows a quality and color evaluation of printed products at the same time.
  • the object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.
  • the device contains at least one image capturing device, which supplies image data from the printed product, and a computing device which, on the one hand, determines all image data of the printed product for the purpose of an image inspection and, on the other hand, determines a measured variable for the color evaluation from the image data of at least one measuring point or pixel of the printed product.
  • the image data for image inspection and color assessment can originate from one as well as from different printed products.
  • a device which simultaneously fulfills two requirements determining high print quality.
  • an evaluation is carried out with regard to the print quality on the basis of the entire image data record of the printed product.
  • An actual setpoint comparison is used, e.g. B. slugs, insufficient moisture management, duplication, register errors, as well as geometrical position errors of the printed image on the sheet and imperfections of the sheet, but also to detect missing sheets.
  • measured values for a color assessment are determined on the basis of the image data of certain areas, but at least one pixel of the printed product.
  • a rotation angle transmitter is also provided and, in the case of a web-fed rotary printing press, a sensor can additionally be provided for detecting the start of the web and / or image.
  • a trigger electronics controls the image capture device or the image capture devices so that it provides or provide image data of the entire printed product, the geometric resolution of the image data being independent of the printing speed.
  • the image capture device is advantageously at least one camera which scans the printed product line by line.
  • the data rate is determined in particular when the device according to the invention is used inline by the resolution, ie the number of pixels per line scanned, and the printing speed. About faulty sheets as a result of slugs, as a result of inadequate color management or as a result of register errors, as well as an inadequate color match with an ok print image To recognize instantaneously, that is to say in real time, the computing device must meet corresponding requirements. It must also be ensured that both the noise and the crosstalk are largely eliminated, so that a high-quality signal evaluation is possible.
  • the image capture device or the device according to the invention is designed such that components of identical construction can be used for offline or inline tasks.
  • This gives system-consistent data for example the data of an offline measuring device can be used as target data for the inline measurement.
  • an image capturing device consists of one or more measuring modules and at least one correspondingly assigned receiving device.
  • you have to take a color measurement or the subsequent display and / or control data can be provided with a high reproducibility.
  • the computing device must meet certain requirements for this. On the other hand, it must also be ensured with regard to the optics and the image data preparation that the measured values are not falsified and / or unusable due to uncontrollable influences.
  • the modular design of the image capture device takes these requirements into account very well.
  • the modular structure Due to the modular structure, a largely homogeneous irradiation of the defined area on the printed product is achieved.
  • the direct proximity between the printed product to be scanned and the measurement module largely shields extraneous radiation which has a direct influence on the measurement signals.
  • the proximity of the object also has a positive effect in the direction that vibrations of the printing machine interfere little with the geometry of the defined image area and thus do not cause color measurement errors that lie outside of predetermined, permissible tolerances.
  • Color tolerance always means the color change that is perceived by the human eye as a tolerable color deviation.
  • the modular structure of the image capture device also has a positive effect on the processing speed of the image data.
  • the parallel data acquisition is to be seen as an advantageous preliminary stage of a subsequent parallel data processing.
  • the image capturing device consists of one or more measuring modules and one or more receiving devices generating the image data.
  • two variants are to be mentioned. Either the measuring modules and the receiving devices generating the image data spatially separated from one another and connected to one another via image conductors, or else the measuring modules and the receiving devices generating the image data are integrated in the measuring bar. While the latter alternative is quite advantageous for an offline measurement, the first variant shows advantages when used inline, ie when the image data is captured within the printing press. Due to the spatial separation of the opto-mechanical from the electrical or electronic elements of the receiving devices, in particular highly sensitive CCD line arrays, the receiving devices can be placed outside the printing press.
  • This configuration largely eliminates mechanical or electromagnetic vibrations, which have a negative effect, in particular at the measuring location, on the recording and further processing of measured values.
  • Another advantage of separating the measuring modules from the receiving devices is that the measuring modules - and thus also a measuring bar carrying the measuring modules - have a relatively small dimension. The free accessibility of the cylinders of the individual printing units of the printing press is thereby kept within an acceptable framework. The measuring bar is therefore also suitable for several installation locations.
  • the measuring bar is constructed modularly from individual measuring modules, which supply image data from the defined image area. Due to the modular structure of the measuring bar, it can be easily adapted to any format of the printed product - d. H. to adapt to different machine widths.
  • each illumination device and one front objective are assigned to each measuring module, which image the defined image area on at least one line-shaped image guide, wherein in the case of several image conductors per measuring module, a corresponding number of line-shaped image conductors are layered one above the other.
  • Each image guide itself is composed of a large number of light fibers lying next to one another and possibly one above the other, which are arranged at the two ends of the image guide in such a way that a geometrically undisturbed image transmission is ensured.
  • Each image guide itself can in turn be of single-layer or multi-layer design.
  • the line-shaped image conductors which are line-shaped on the image side and possibly layered one above the other in parallel, are layered on the reception side with a defined distance above one another and thus form a regular layer structure. It is particularly advantageous that the image conductors are joined together on the receiving side to form an optical connector. This makes it possible to easily vary the number of image conductors in the connector as well as to exchange the image conductors - for whatever reason.
  • the X, Y, Z and NIR channels corresponding image conductors of each measuring module are stacked one on top of the other on the receiving side;
  • the outputs of the optical connector are then mapped onto the CCD line arrays using an optical system that essentially consists of a beam splitter and color filters.
  • the second option saves the beam splitter by stacking them on the image side layered line-shaped image conductors are joined together to form a connector on the receiving side, with exactly one image conductor from each measuring module being contained in a block of the connector.
  • This connector contains four blocks of image guides that correspond to the X, Y, Z, and NIR channels. At the output of the connector there is already a distribution of the radiation according to the individual color channels. A beam splitter can therefore be omitted in this version.
  • the defined image area is imaged on the correspondingly assigned receiving device via an optical system, which essentially consists of color filters.
  • the receiving device consists of a number of photosensitive elements arranged in parallel at a defined distance from one another, the number of which determines the spatial resolution of the image capturing device.
  • the receiving device is advantageously a CCD line array.
  • Conventional control electronics are coupled to the CCD lines or the CCD line arrays, which are used for clock control of the CCD lines or the CCD line arrays, for signal amplification and sampling of the signals and for A / D conversion.
  • the image data of the entire printed product are then present at the output of the receiving device.
  • a field diaphragm with a plurality of slit-shaped openings is connected downstream of the output of the image conductors.
  • the slit-shaped openings define the area of the assigned image guides to be imaged on the respective CCD lines.
  • the cross section of the image guide is larger than the field diaphragm, and that the output of each image guide is adjustable in a holder with respect to the optical axis of the first objective on the receiving side of the image guide.
  • the number of adjustment processes corresponds to the number of image guides, so it is relatively small.
  • the image of an image conductor end on the assigned CCD line is advantageously smaller in the printing direction than the CCD line height itself, as a result of which greater adjustment tolerances are made possible.
  • the receiving unit is optically designed in a preferred embodiment as follows:
  • the ends of the image guide are imaged on the CCD lines using two lenses.
  • the two mutually associated lenses are each in the focal point of the other lens, so that the space is ideally irradiated in parallel.
  • the beam splitter is also accommodated in this intermediate space, so that the imaging takes place by means of a first objective and four second objectives.
  • this arrangement has the advantage that only one optical filter per color channel is required for all optical modules. A comparable filter behavior is guaranteed for all pixels, since the individual filters are penetrated vertically by the radiation.
  • the above-mentioned arrangement of the lenses makes it possible to use partial filters.
  • the color filters consist of several different filter parts which can be shifted relative to the diaphragm. This serves to fine-tune the transmission curve of the corresponding color channel.
  • An embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the field diaphragm has a darkened area between the position of the image information and the position of a white reference of the lighting devices of the measuring modules.
  • the coupling of the white reference serves to standardize the individual lighting devices with one another.
  • the above-described division of the coupling-in area from the actual image transmission area clearly separates the two areas.
  • an opto-mechanical coupling element is proposed according to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • This coupling element consists of a front block and a rear side block, which are connected to one another via light guides. While the front block is adapted to the geometry of the image guide stack, the back block has the geometry of the CCD lines. In terms of production technology, this coupling element is easier to handle than the relatively long image conductors which connect the measuring bar to the receiving unit.
  • the geometry of the CCD lines is linked to the geometry of the image guide stack via the imaging scale of the optical system.
  • the lighting can either be direct or indirect.
  • indirect lighting means that radiation from a cold light source is directed into the selected image area via a cross-sectional converter and a mirror, for example a cylindrical mirror.
  • This indirect lighting is particularly suitable for the integrated design of the measuring module, where the temperature-sensitive receiving devices and electronics are integrated in the individual measuring modules.
  • the radiation from the lighting device falls more or less directly into the selected image area. Since it is of great importance for a reliable color measurement that the radiation shows a homogeneous distribution in the selected image area - in particular, this means that no lateral fluctuations may occur - it is provided according to a further development that the radiation passes through an elongated elliptical mirror in the selected area. Because of the favorable spectral reflection properties, the elliptical mirror is optionally coated with chrome, or it is made of aluminum with a silicon oxide coating.
  • the radiation from each individual lighting device is coupled to a respective light guide, the output of which is connected directly to the corresponding image guide and is measured in each of the color channels.
  • a lamp control is provided which adjusts the current for the lighting devices in such a way that their radiation intensity is compared with one another.
  • the radiation has a spectral composition that is constant over time.
  • the radiation intensity in the whole of the relevant wavelength range of between about 400 nm and the "N Ahen I nfra- R ot" (NIR) is should be reasonably equal.
  • NIR N Ahen I nfra- R ot
  • the dependence of the spectral composition of the measuring radiation on the measurement location on the printed product and on the type of printing material must lie within permissible color tolerances. Only if this is ensured can the same spectral correction function, i.e. the same color filter or optical filter (NIR), be used for any measuring location and any type of substrate.
  • Precision halogen lamps which are controlled by separate, programmable precision current sources, are advantageously used as lighting devices.
  • the light of the lighting devices is measured in each of the spectral color channels.
  • the measured values are compared with the corresponding measured values of a standard light source standardized. These show a correlation to the temperature T. If the standardized measured values are plotted against the corresponding color channels, the relative intensities change depending on the temperature. On the basis of these relative intensities, the current of the assigned lighting devices is now controlled via an inverting amplifier. This type of lamp control based on the color temperature of the lighting devices ensures that each of the lighting devices emits radiation of the same intensity in the entire relevant spectral range.
  • the light guide is arranged in a bore, the axis of which is directed towards the lighting device.
  • the light guide is arranged adjustable within this bore.
  • the value of the white value of each lighting device that is currently measured and averaged in each color channel is used to standardize the color measurement values and that the currently averaged value thereof Dark current of the CCD lines is subtracted.
  • the image capturing device in a sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably assigned to the printing cylinder of the last printing unit or additionally to the printing cylinder in front of a reversing drum if the sheet-fed printing press works in the perfecting mode.
  • two image capturing devices are provided for scanning the printed web on both sides.
  • Image acquisition devices in a web-fed rotary printing press are assigned to the cooling rollers or the deflection rollers thereafter.
  • Measures have been previously described which minimize a dependency of the color measurement values on the measurement location in such a way that the fluctuations in the color measurement values caused as a result of this dependence lie within permissible color tolerances.
  • the color measurement values are not only dependent on lateral and lateral changes, they also depend on the object width. It must therefore be ensured that the printed product is at a well-defined distance from the lighting device or in particular from the front optics.
  • the reproducibility of the measurement location on the printed product is of course also of great importance with regard to the correlation between encoder signals and the printed image of the printed product.
  • the pressure of the blown air is selected in accordance with the nature of the printed product, for example in accordance with the thickness or the rigidity of the printed product.
  • the blown air is automatically regulated via a control.
  • a high blowing air pressure is provided for cardboard, while a lower blowing pressure is selected if the printed product is thin or stiff, since high pressures are used for thin, flexible papers could lead to wave formation, which would run counter to the actual meaning and purpose of the blown air exposure of the printed product.
  • a fixation of the printed product is also possible by sucking the printed product onto the cylinder or by electrostatically charging the printed product and / or the cylinder.
  • the blowing nozzles are controlled on the basis of the image data. So it is z.
  • Photometric calibration of the image capture devices is required for an absolute color measurement.
  • Barium sulfate is usually used for standardization to absolute white in color measurements. Since barium sulfate is only available in tablet form as a pressed powder, it is not very suitable for online use.
  • a plastic tile can be used as a replacement, the optical properties of which are known relative to barium sulfate.
  • the calibration white is arranged, for example, on the surface or a region of the surface of the cylinder, or it is located on a separate carrier in the channel of the respective cylinder, with respect to which the image capturing device is arranged.
  • the image capturing devices are usually calibrated during printing breaks. However, if the calibration white is arranged in the channel of the cylinder, the calibration in sheet-fed printing machines can also be carried out during the ongoing printing process.
  • the constancy of various operating parameters must also be checked during operation.
  • self-illuminating calibration surfaces are swiveled into the beam path at a suitable point. For example, this measure is used to check the time dependencies. If necessary, a message is given to the operator when a new color calibration has to be carried out.
  • Another solution provides the following: an additionally coupled image guide layer at the end of the image guide looks at the calibration area.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment with regard to the calibration of the image recording devices can be implemented as follows:
  • a protective housing is assigned to the measuring bar. Both, measuring bar and protective housing, have a common axis.
  • the measuring bar is pivotally mounted about the axis and can be locked in two positions, a measuring position and a parking position. In the measuring position, the printed product is scanned on the cylinder.
  • the radiation from the illuminating device advantageously falls onto the surface of the printed product at an angle of 45 °.
  • the measuring bar is swiveled into the park position and is now inside the protective housing. This protects the sensitive optics from splash water - the rubber blanket is usually washed during printing breaks.
  • the calibration white is arranged in the protective housing.
  • the protective housing is dimensioned such that the optical intersection of the respective lighting device and the front optics in the parking position focus on the surface of the standard spotlight.
  • the standard radiator is advantageously arranged over the entire width of the protective housing.
  • the optical system which maps the outputs of the image conductors or the intermediate image to the respective receiving devices, can be designed in a variety of ways, in particular in the case of integral embodiments of the device according to the invention. It is thus possible for the optical system to be a beam splitter, the individual outputs of which are associated with optical filters with imaging optics. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to illuminate the defined image area at an angle of 45 ° and to arrange the front optics perpendicular to the surface of the printed product. However, the reverse arrangement of the lighting device and the front optics is also possible.
  • a partial filter is arranged in the common focal point of two lenses of the optical system.
  • the optical system is a prism or a grating. Both are known to cause spectral decomposition of the measuring radiation.
  • the measuring radiation of each pixel of the defined area of the printed product is spectrally broken down, the spectrum is mapped onto parallel CCD elements arranged as a surface array. Since spectral measurement values are provided from each individual pixel of the defined image area, a spectral resolution is additionally achieved.
  • the spectral, spatially resolved measuring radiation is received by a CCD area array and subsequently converted into image data.
  • the computing device subsequently processes the spectral measured values in this way can weight that any desired filter functions are simulated in software.
  • the image data of the entire printed product can be used both for image inspection and for color control.
  • the computing device divides the shading-corrected and logarithmic image data into data for image inspection and into data for color control. Differential image data are used for the image inspection, which are linked to values stored in pixel-by-pixel form in a separate memory and are further processed as weighted differential image data. On the one hand, this memory contains information as to whether the pixel in question is also used for color measurement in addition to image inspection. B. coded, deposited with what weight a difference between a target image value and the corresponding actual image value is to be applied. The computing device advantageously standardizes and compares the image data for the image inspection with respect to corresponding target data.
  • a memory is also provided, which accumulates the difference image data pixel by pixel.
  • the computing device monitors both the current and the accumulated difference image data with corresponding thresholds.
  • the color requirement of a zone can be determined on the basis of the accumulated differential image memory and a computer, since the image data is completely available. For example, this information can be used to determine when the lateral trituration is to be used.
  • Errors within the printed image are recognized on the basis of the difference image. Such errors are, for example Slugs, toning areas behind solid areas due to lack of dampening solution guidance or register errors.
  • the image data can also be used for color control according to e.g. B. colorimetric quantities are used.
  • the computing device selects at least one coherent area z from the image data. B. per color zone. In the minimum case, the contiguous area is a pixel. Furthermore, the computing device determines the actual color location of this area, compares it with the corresponding predetermined target color location and, if the color distance is outside the tolerance, causes a compensating adjustment of the corresponding ink control elements of the individual printing units.
  • the related areas are selected based on certain criteria. Particular care is taken to ensure that a maximum of four colors appear in the most homogeneous distribution possible in the selected area.
  • fields e.g. B. gray fields, which are characterized in that color errors appear quickly and sensitively.
  • the coherent areas can also be measuring fields of a color control strip.
  • an area that is relevant and meaningful for the color control is selected automatically or interactively with the operator.
  • a graded classification of each pixel with the help of a parameter memory is u. a. checked its suitability for color measurement.
  • image areas with geometric or locally limited errors are automatically sorted out and are not used for the subsequent color measurement / color display / color control.
  • the selection of certain measuring points can also be carried out without great problems on the basis of a proof sheet or ok sheet.
  • a transfer of the data of an offline measuring device with regard to the size and the position of the selected areas to the computing device can be carried out without great expenditure of time.
  • Register errors affect the color impression. Color control is therefore only meaningful when the print products are in register.
  • at least one register sensor e.g. B. a register camera provided, the z. B. consists of a CCD surface array.
  • the register measuring device it is provided that it is arranged on a traverse with respect to a corresponding printing cylinder in the printing press.
  • this register camera for scanning the printed product on both sides is provided, which carries out a register measurement on the printed printed product.
  • this register camera is also assigned to the printing cylinder of the last printing unit of a sheet-fed printing machine or else to the cooling rollers or deflection rollers of a web printing machine.
  • the printing press 1 shows a longitudinal section through a partial area of an offset printing press 1, the arrangement of the image capturing devices 12 with respect to individual cylinders 5 of the printing press 1 being shown in particular.
  • the printing press 1 is composed in a known manner from a plurality of printing units 2, an feeder (not shown separately in FIG. 1) and a delivery arm 11.
  • Each of the printing units 2 shows the usual cylinder configuration: plate cylinder 3, blanket cylinder 4 and printing cylinder 5.
  • the printing plate clamped on the plate cylinder 3 is moistened via the dampening unit 6 and inked with the corresponding ink via the inking unit 7.
  • the sheet guiding between the individual printing units takes place via the transfer cylinder 8 and the half-speed transfer drum 9, or in the case of perfecting, the reversing drum 10.
  • the sheet 32 is successively between the blanket cylinder 4 and the printing cylinder 5 with the individual Color separations printed.
  • the image capture device 12 is assigned to the printing cylinder 5 of the last printing unit 2. In the case of a printing machine working in the perfecting and reverse printing, a further image capturing device 12 is assigned to the printing cylinder 5 before the turn.
  • the image capturing device 12 in front of the delivery arm 11 with respect to the turning drum 10 or with respect to the last transfer drum 9. It is also possible to scan the image of the printed product 32 in the area of the delivery 11. Of course, it must also be ensured here that the printed product 32 assumes a clearly defined position during the image acquisition.
  • a stabilizing element 67 is provided in the area of the sheet guide in the boom 11. The image capturing device 12 is arranged above this stabilizing element 67 and captures the image data of the printed sheet 32.
  • the Printing unit 2 shows a schematic representation of the system components of an embodiment of the device according to the invention in a sheet-fed printing press.
  • the Printing unit 2 in turn shows the usual offset cylinder configuration: plate cylinder 3, blanket cylinder 4 and printing cylinder 5.
  • a rotation angle sensor 13 is installed on the shaft of the printing cylinder 5 and forwards information on the respective angular position of the printing press 1 to the computing device 17.
  • the measuring bar 14 is fastened above the pressure cylinder 5. During the ongoing printing process, the individual measuring modules 27 of the measuring bar 14 record the image data of the finished printed sheet 32 line by line.
  • the measuring modules 27 of the measuring bar 14 are spatially separated from the receiving devices 16 - advantageously, these are, inter alia, line-shaped CCD elements 38.
  • the connection is made via image conductor 15.
  • This spatial separation of the optical component of the measuring bar 14 and the receiving devices 16 and the electronic processing of the image data means that the thermal load on these elements that occurs at the measuring location through the lighting devices 28 of the measuring bar 14 is automatically switched off.
  • this division makes it easily possible to decouple mechanical vibrations of the printing press 1 as well as electromagnetic interference radiation from the receiving devices 16.
  • Another advantage, which inevitably arises due to this separate construction, but which is of crucial importance for the arrangement of the image capturing device 12 in the printing press 1, is the relatively small size of each individual measuring module 27 of the measuring bar 14. Since, according to FIG In the embodiment shown, only a few optical components are accommodated in the individual measuring modules 27 of the measuring bar 14, the measuring bar 14 can easily be dimensioned such that it can be placed within the printing press 1 relatively easily.
  • the reflectance values of the pixels of the entire printed sheet 32 are available as digital image data. These data are forwarded to the computing device 17.
  • the digitally available image data of the entire printed product 32 are divided - specifically into data that are used for color measurement and into data that serve to inspect the printed image.
  • the computing device 17 may also receive information from the register sensor 18 about the register accuracy of the printed product 32. Since register errors inevitably lead to color errors, it must first be ensured in a color measurement / display / control that the register is correct. Any necessary corrections to the register are carried out by the machine controller 21.
  • the measured values for the register setting are - as already mentioned - e.g. B. provided by the register sensor 18, which is arranged in the printing press 1, or alternatively they are supplied by a register sensor 22, which carries out a corresponding measurement offline.
  • Input means 25 are provided for selecting this area; For example, these input means 25 are a keyboard, a mouse or a trackball, via which the coordinates of the relevant image areas are entered, which are subsequently forwarded to the computing device 17. Furthermore, there is a display means 26 provided, on which the currently captured image of the printed product 32 is displayed.
  • the operating device 19 is connected both to the offline measuring device 20 and to the machine control 21. This makes it possible to use an o.k. image to select relevant image areas within the printed product 32 and to determine target values for this, which are subsequently used for the color control of the printed product 32.
  • the computing device 17 detects color tolerances of the printed product 32 which are intolerable or if defective sheets which do not meet the usual high printing standard are detected via the image inspection, a corresponding signal is sent, for. B. spent on a waste gate, d. that is, the defective sheets are sorted out.
  • a waste gate d. that is, the defective sheets are sorted out.
  • maku switches are well known from the prior art.
  • the waste switch described in DE 30 29 154 C2 may be mentioned as an exemplary embodiment.
  • Color errors are automatically displayed and / or corrected via the machine control 21.
  • Other errors which have a significant influence on the print quality for example geometrically or locally limited errors, such as slugging or toning as a result of inadequate fountain solution guidance, are identified by comparing the target data of the print product 32 with the corresponding actual data of the print product 32 just created.
  • slugs appear, for example, a slug catcher is automatically activated.
  • the dampening solution flow is also automatically adjusted when toning occurs.
  • these corrective interventions or corrections can also be carried out manually.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the system components of the device according to the invention in an offset web printing press.
  • the printing unit 2 shows the usual cylinder configuration, consisting of plate cylinder 3 and blanket cylinder 4, which are each arranged on both sides of the web 32 to be printed.
  • a rotation angle sensor 13 is arranged on the shaft of one of the blanket cylinders 4.
  • the web passes through a dryer device (not shown separately in FIG. 3) and is then cooled via a cooling roller system consisting of a plurality of cooling rollers 24.
  • a measuring bar 14 with measuring modules 27 is arranged, which scan the web 32 printed on both sides.
  • the sensors 23 are used to detect the respective image start on the web 32.
  • the signals from the image start detection sensors 23 and the rotation angle sensor 13, which is arranged on the shaft of a cylinder 4 of the printing press 1, or the trigger electronics 60 are forwarded to the computing device 17 .
  • register sensors 18 are arranged on both sides of the web.
  • the measurement data of the register sensors 18 are also fed to the computing device 17, which causes a possibly necessary correction of the register in the individual printing units 2 via the machine control 21.
  • the two image capturing devices 12, which each deliver image data from one side of the printed web 32, are composed of two parts: the measuring bar 14 with the measuring modules 27 and the receiving devices 16. Both Parts arranged separately from one another are connected to one another via image guides 15.
  • Image data in digital form are present at the output of the receiving devices 16. This data is divided into data for image inspection and data for color control in the computing device 17. While all current data of the printed product 32 are compared for image inspection by means of a target / actual value comparison with corresponding target data of an o.k. image, only certain areas, e.g. B. per color zone 44 selected. The measurement points for the color control are selected according to certain criteria. So it is ensured that in the selected area z. B. four colors are available in as homogeneous a distribution as possible. In particular, critical areas that determine the image are used for color control, since they have a decisive influence on the image impression.
  • the color data is either selected automatically on the basis of the data record of the print image, or the selection is made “manually” by the operating personnel.
  • the computing device 17 is connected to an operating device 19 which has, among other things, input means 25 and display means 26.
  • the image-relevant locations can be selected on the basis of the data from the off-line measuring device 20. It is also possible for incorrect settings of the register to be detected via a register sensor 22 arranged offline. The computing device 17 then recognizes both color errors and other errors in the printed product and initiates appropriate corrections via the machine controller 21.
  • FIG. 4 The individual system components of the image capturing device 12 according to the invention are shown in FIG. 4.
  • Block A the arrangement of the measuring bar 14 with respect to the surface of the printing cylinder 5 and the individual components contained in the measuring bar 14 are shown.
  • Block B contains the receiving devices 16 and the conversions of the analog remission values into digital image data. By using image guides 15 between the blocks A and B, it is possible to spatially separate the measuring bar 14 from the receiving devices 16.
  • the image data are forwarded to the computing device 17, which is housed in block C.
  • This arithmetic unit 17 itself consists of several computers which, on the one hand, divide the image data into data for image inspection and, on the other hand, into data for color control.
  • the results of the calculations which are carried out in block C are forwarded to an operating device 19 or to a machine control 21, which is accommodated in block D of FIG. 4.
  • This operating device 19 consists, among other things, of input means 25 and display means 26, both the input means 25 and the display means 26 likewise being computer-controlled.
  • the measuring bar 14 is shown as an essential component of the image capturing device 12.
  • the measuring bar 14 consists of individual measuring modules 27 which scan the printed product 32 line by line on the printing cylinder 5.
  • An illuminating device 28 is arranged in each measuring module 27, which illuminates the printed product 32 directly or indirectly.
  • the light remitted from the surface of the printed product 32 is imaged on at least one image guide 15 via a front objective 30.
  • a white reference coupling 29 is provided per measuring module 27, which couples the radiation from the lighting device 28 directly into a specific area of the image conductor 15.
  • a separate lamp controller 61 is provided.
  • This lamp control 61 is either integrated directly into block A, but can also be assigned to the computing device 17 like the trigger electronics 60 and thus be spatially separated from the optics in the measuring bar 14.
  • the trigger electronics 60 receives the signals of the rotary angle sensor 13 and - in the case of a web printing press, additionally a signal which identifies the beginning of the respective web section.
  • the trigger electronics 60 assigns the image data of the receiving devices 16 or the CCD line arrays 38 to their corresponding position coordinates on the printed product 32.
  • the image data supplied by block B is divided into data for image inspection and into data for color measurement. In the case of two-sided printing, there are two data records.
  • the computing device 17 can e.g. B. a signal for the waste paper switch is issued, ie defective sheets or inferior folding products are automatically sorted out.
  • the computing device 17 is connected to the operating device 19.
  • This operating device 19 is assigned input means 25 which allow the operating personnel to select certain image areas for the color control.
  • output means 26 are provided which allow, among other things, an optical reproduction of the finished printed product 32 in real time.
  • the measuring bar 14 is constructed modularly from individual measuring modules 27.
  • the individual measuring modules 27 each scan line-by-line from a defined image area 50 of the printed product 32, which in the case shown comprises two ink zones 44 of the printing press 1.
  • the measuring bar 14 extends over almost the entire width of the printing press 1.
  • the modular structure of the measuring bar 14 brings several advantages, which are of particular importance for the use of the measuring bar 14 for obtaining image data, which are evaluated for an image inspection on the one hand, but are also used for a color measurement, in particular for a color control . Since the highest demands have to be made on the image data, particularly with regard to color measurement, it must be ensured that the same starting conditions are present at all measurement locations. In particular, it must be ensured that the incident radiation intensity is the same at all measuring points.
  • the measuring bar 14 can be brought very close to the object plane, that is to say to the surface of the printing cylinder 5 or the cooling rollers 24 carrying the printed product 32. Due to the close proximity of the object, the radiation intensity detected at the measuring points is also sufficiently high. Another advantage of the modular structure, in immediate Measuring bar 14 placed close to the object is obvious: the influence of interference radiation is relatively small.
  • the modular structure also offers advantages in terms of adapting the dimension of the measuring bar 14 to any widths of the printing press 1 or to different printing formats.
  • the parallel acquisition of image data in the individual measuring modules 27 of the measuring bar 14 and the possibly downstream receiving devices 16 and 38 has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to subsequent processing of the image data: parallel processing or evaluation of the image data bears the high printing speeds and thus the correspondingly high amount of image data to be processed, especially the invoice.
  • each measuring module 27 contains both the optics, that is to say the lighting device 28 and the front objective 30, and the receiving device (s) 16, or the optics 28, 30 is spatially different from the one Receiving device 16 separately.
  • the connection between the measuring module 27 and the receiving device 16 then takes place via an image conductor 15.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the measuring bar 14 according to the second version. Only the illuminating device 28 and the front objective 30 are arranged in the measuring module 27. The measuring module 27 is connected to the corresponding receiving device 16 via the image conductor 15.
  • the separation of the optical from the electrical or electronic components brings several advantages. From a purely structural point of view, the measuring bar 14 can be reduced by separating the electronic components dimension. This takes up a small amount of space, which is particularly important when it is installed in the printing press 1. Furthermore, if the mechanical parts are separated from the electrical parts, the heat generation of the lighting device 28 cannot have a negative effect on the temperature-sensitive CCD elements 38 and on the electronics, in particular the A / D converter. In addition, since the elements of the receiving device (s) 16, which react extremely sensitively to interference, and the further processing electronics can be arranged outside the printing press, for example under the footboard of the printing press 1, these elements can be uncoupled from mechanical or electromagnetic interference without any problems.
  • an elongated elliptical mirror 68 is provided, which generates a line-shaped image of the lighting device 28 on the printed product 32. Because of the favorable spectral reflection properties, the elliptical mirror 68 is optionally coated with chrome, or it is made of aluminum with a silicon oxide coating. This type of irradiation is optimally adapted to the measuring task, since it enables a highly homogeneous illumination in the defined image area 50 of the printed product 32 to be achieved.
  • a blown air tube 45 with openings in the direction of the measuring bar 14 Print product 32 provided.
  • the supply devices for the blown air to the blown air tube 45 are designed such that the blown air is simultaneously used for cooling the lighting devices 28.
  • a homogeneous lateral distribution of the radiation within the defined image area 50 is of crucial importance for the subsequent color measurement or the subsequent color control.
  • it must be ensured that changes as a result of different illumination of the defined image areas 50 on the printing sheet 32 lie within the permissible color tolerances.
  • a highly precise, defined color measurement is no longer possible.
  • it must therefore also be ensured that a reliable, coordinated control of the lighting devices 28 takes place in the case of a modular measuring bar.
  • the lighting devices 28 it must be ensured that they act on the printed product 32 with radiation having a spectral composition that is constant over time.
  • the radiation intensity should be reasonably the same in the entire relevant wavelength range, which is between approx. 400 nm and NIR.
  • a further requirement that must be placed on the lighting devices 28 is that the spectrum of the radiation must be independent of the respective measuring location on the printed product 32. Only if the spectrum of the radiation is the same at any measuring location the same spectral correction function, that is to say the same color filter 36, can be used for any measurement location.
  • Precision halogen lamps are therefore advantageously used as lighting devices 28, one precision halogen lamp being provided for each measuring module 27.
  • two further precision halogen lamps are arranged on the left and right in the edge areas of the measuring bar 14.
  • diaphragms are provided in the beam path, which are arranged such that only the defined image area is illuminated by the lighting device 28 of the assigned measurement module 27.
  • the precision halogen lamps are compared with each other by separate programmable precision current sources, with the current sources being controlled via field effect transistors.
  • the lamp control 61 takes place on the basis of the color temperature of the individual lighting devices 28.
  • a lamp control is shown in Fig. 7a.
  • the light from an illumination device 28 is coupled to a light guide 64, the output of which is connected directly to the input of the corresponding image guide 15.
  • the radiation from each of the light guides 64 passes through the associated optical system 33 to the receiving devices 16 and 38, respectively. Since the light is measured in each of the spectral channels, a vector of discrete values becomes for each lighting device 28 provided. This vector is standardized with the corresponding measured values from a standard light source 47.
  • the change in the standardized measured values is correlated with the temperature T. In particular, the standardized measured values can be plotted against the corresponding color channels. In a first approximation, the relative intensities change as a function of the temperature T.
  • the current of the associated lighting device 28 is now controlled via an inverting amplifier 69.
  • the lamp control 61 thus ensures that each of the lighting devices 28 emits radiation of the same intensity in the entire relevant spectral range.
  • the light guide 64 is advantageously arranged in a bore 70, the axis of which is directed towards the lighting device 28. Furthermore, the light guide 64 is adjustable within this bore 70.
  • FIG. 7 b shows a cross section through one of the image guides 15, the coupling area for monitoring the lighting device 28 or for the calibration to the absolute white or the calibration white 47 being shown in particular.
  • the image guide 15 consists of a multiplicity of bundled light fibers 49. On one side of the image guide 15 there is an area for coupling in the radiation from the light guide 64 or for calibration on the calibration white 47.
  • each lighting device 28 (white value) measured and averaged in each color channel is used to standardize the color measurement values; the currently averaged dark current of the CCD lines 38 is subtracted from this. This measure achieves a correction which is of great importance for a reliable color measurement.
  • the correction can be described as follows: where Y denotes the measured values of the Y channel, i the number of pixels of an interconnected color measurement area, Y white value the white value of the lighting device 28 and Y dark the dark current of the CCD lines 38.
  • Absolute 47 is barium sulfate, which due to its consistency - a compressed powder tablet is usual - is not very suitable for inline use. A tile is therefore used as a substitute used, whose optical properties are known relative to barium sulfate.
  • the calibration white 47 must be dimensioned such that it can be measured by any lighting device 28. It is proposed according to one embodiment that the calibration white 47 is on the surface of the cylinder 5, or that the calibration white 47 is accommodated on a separate carrier in the channel of the respective cylinder 5, 24.
  • the distance between the illuminating device 28 and the calibration white 47 is the same as the distance between the illuminating device 28 and the defined image area 50 on the printed product 32.
  • the image capturing device 12 is usually calibrated during printing breaks. If the calibration white 47 is accommodated in the channel of the cylinder 5, in the case of a sheet-fed printing press, however, the calibration can also take place during the ongoing printing process.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment with regard to a calibration of the image capturing devices 12 or the measuring modules 27 can be implemented as follows. This embodiment is shown in FIGS. 8a) and 8b).
  • the measuring bar 14 with the measuring modules 27 is arranged opposite the impression cylinder 5.
  • a protective housing 46 is assigned to the measuring bar 14.
  • Measuring bar 14 and protective housing 46 have a common axis, a so-called mounting tube 48.
  • the measuring bar 14 is pivotally mounted about the axis and can be locked in two positions, a measuring position (FIG. 8a) and a parking position (FIG. 8b).
  • the printed product 32 is scanned on the printing cylinder 5.
  • Illumination device 28 and front optics 30 are arranged at an angle of approximately 45 °.
  • the radiation from the illumination device 28 advantageously falls onto the surface of the printed product 32 at an angle of 45 °.
  • the measuring bar 14 is pivoted into the park position and is now located within the protective housing 46.
  • the pivoting of the measuring bar 14 into the protective housing 46 has several advantages.
  • space is created in the area of the cylinders 4, 5 of the printing unit 2.
  • the cylinders 4, 5 are more freely accessible, which proves to be advantageous as soon as the cylinders, but in particular the rubber blanket of the rubber blanket cylinder 4, have to be cleaned.
  • the lighting devices 28 and the front lenses 30 are also protected from contamination. In particular, no detergent, which is used to clean the blanket cylinder 4 during the printing breaks, reaches the optical parts.
  • the following configuration is particularly advantageous, in which the calibration white 47 is arranged within the protective housing 46 in such a way that its measurement can take place in the parking position of the measuring bar 14 in the protective housing 46. Now the optical intersection of the respective lighting device 28 and the front optics 30 lies on the surface of the calibration white 47. It is only necessary to note that the dimensioning of the protective housing 46 is selected so that the distance of the lighting device 28 to the calibration white 47 in the park position corresponds to the distance corresponds to the lighting device 28 to the measuring point on the printed sheet 32.
  • Each measuring module 27 of the measuring bar 14 scans a defined image area 50 on the printed product 32 line by line.
  • the defined image area 50 comprises two color zones 44.
  • the radiation from the lighting device 28, which is reflected by the surface of the printed product 32, from the illumination device 28, which is not shown separately, is from the front lenses 30 are imaged on the corresponding image guide 15.
  • the image guides 15 arranged in parallel on the image side are layered one above the other on the receiving side at a defined distance.
  • the image conductors 15 which are layered one above the other are assembled on the receiving side to form an arbitrarily variable connector 31.
  • the image conductor ends stacked one above the other at a defined distance are then imaged onto the receiving devices 38 via an optical system 33, comprising a receiving objective 34, a color beam splitter 35 and a color filter 36.
  • the color filters 36 are color filters, which in the illustrated case, for. B. emulate the X, Y and Z range for color measurement using the three-range method (DIN 5033) and additionally a filter that fades out a near infrared (NIR) range for the separate measurement of printing black from the spectrum of the measurement radiation.
  • Both the beam splitter 35 and the color filter 36 are designed in such a way that high sensitivity to light and good optical imaging properties are achieved in each of the three color channels X, Y, Z.
  • the color filters 36 are arranged in the parallel beam path of two lenses, which ensures that the color filters 36 are always penetrated perpendicularly by the radiation. This measure proves to be extremely advantageous with regard to reliable color measurement and control.
  • the sensitive sensor system and the electronic further processing of the image data are spatially distant from the measuring location.
  • the thermal load at the measuring location the inevitably exists due to the lighting devices 28, so it cannot have a negative effect on the temperature-sensitive elements, in particular also on the A / D converter and the CCD elements 38.
  • the modular optical beam path which is constructed with image guides, serves to keep the optical components as small as possible.
  • the lenses at the measuring location are only slightly larger than the image guide tapes on the measuring location, they are therefore light and enable a slim design of the measuring bar.
  • the image conductor tapes can be stacked so closely on the receiving side that the stack as a whole is rectangular, particularly advantageously almost square. With this arrangement, the sensor-side lenses can also be kept small, which enables inexpensive vibration isolation. Furthermore, the sensors themselves can also remain small, so that they can be cooled with simple means.
  • the image guides 15, which transmit the radiation remitted by the printed product 32 from the selected areas 50, are either single-layer or multi-layer.
  • Each image guide 15 itself is composed of a large number of light fibers 49 lying next to one another and possibly one above the other, which are arranged in such a way that geometrically undisturbed image transmission is ensured.
  • Each single-layer or multi-layer multiple image conductor 15 is usually composed of a plurality of layers lying one on top of the other, wherein one layer can usually be provided for each color channel.
  • a defined image area 50 which in the case shown comprises two color zones 44, is imaged on an image guide 15 via a front lens 30.
  • a white reference 29 is coupled separately onto the image guide 15. Further information on this white reference coupling 29 was given in connection with FIGS. 7a) and 7b).
  • the image guide 15 consists of light fibers 49 lying next to one another and one above the other, which are arranged in such a way that a geometrically undisturbed image transmission is ensured, ie certain areas of the image guide 15 each transmit the image of a certain partial area (image point) 1,..., N of a color zone 44.
  • the image conductors 15 arranged in parallel are layered on their output side at a defined distance above one another.
  • the image conductors 15 form a regular layer structure in the plug connector 31.
  • This connector 31 is designed such that any number of image conductors 15 can be joined together without any problems.
  • the ends of the image guides 15 are imaged by an optical system 33 onto a structure of CCD lines 38 arranged one above the other, which structure is optimally adapted to the regular layer structure of the connector 31.
  • At the output of the CCD area array 16 there are data which are further used by the computing device 17 for image inspection and for color measurement.
  • an opto-mechanical coupling member 52 is advantageously arranged between the connector 31 and the optical system 33. This opto-mechanical coupling element 52 is described in more detail in FIG. 12.
  • the ends of the image conductors 15 are arranged in the plug connector 31.
  • the ends of the image guides 15 carrying image information are imaged onto the CCD line arrays 38 via the optical system 33.
  • the ends of the image guide 15 act as image apertures.
  • a single-layer single-image conductor 15 a narrow strip of the printed image is detected in each case, which is applied to the optical system 33 CCD line arrays 38 is mapped.
  • a division into the individual color channels takes place by means of a beam splitter 35 which is arranged in the optical system 33.
  • the beam splitter 35 may be omitted in a multilayer single or multiple image guide 15.
  • each individual layer of the image conductor 15 is imaged on a corresponding CCD line array 38 via a corresponding color filter 36.
  • the coupling element 52 is proposed.
  • This coupling member 52 consists of a front block 53 and a rear block 55, both of which are connected to one another via light guides 54. While the front block 53 is adapted to the geometry of the image conductor stack, the rear side block 55 has the geometry of the CCD line arrays 38. In terms of production technology, the coupling member 52 is easier to handle than the relatively long image guides 52, which connect the measuring bar 14 to the receiving unit 16.
  • the geometry of the CCD line array 38 is linked to the geometry of the image conductor stack (plug connector 31) via the imaging scale of the optical system 33.
  • These three components therefore represent a coupled system in terms of their geometric dimensions. Since it is generally not ensured that the geometric dimensions of the three components 31, 33, 38 match one another - for example for technological or economic reasons there are upper and lower limits for the Dimensioning of these components, or it may be economically sensible not to choose the connector 31 in the size suitable for the illustration, but rather larger - the coupling member 52 proves to be extremely useful and useful.
  • 10a), 10b) and 10c) an already described four-fold image guide according to an embodiment of the device according to the invention is outlined.
  • 10a) shows a side view of the quadruple image guide.
  • the front lens 30 images the defined image area 50 on the image guide 15 consisting of several layers, whereby four narrow strips of the printed image 32 are simultaneously imaged on the image guide 15.
  • the ends of the image conductors 15 are stacked one above the other in a manner previously described in a plug connector 31 and then imaged on an appropriately arranged CCD line array 38 via an optical system 33.
  • the image guide 15 shows a cross section of the quadruple image guide in direction A from FIG. 10a).
  • the image guide 15 consists of several layers which are arranged at a precisely defined distance from one another.
  • the image guide layers themselves are each composed of a large number of light fibers 49 arranged next to one another, which are arranged in such a way that optimal image transmission is ensured.
  • 10c shows the beam path in the case of a four-fold image guide.
  • the defined image area 50 is imaged onto the CCD line array 38 via front optics 30, image guides 15 and an optical system 33 with a defined imaging scale.
  • a beam splitter 35 must be provided in the optical system 33, which divides the radiation originating from the defined image areas 50 into individual color channels X, Y, Z and IR.
  • Such a beam splitter 35 is shown in a side view in FIG. 13a.
  • the image conductors 15 stacked one above the other on the receiving side carry the image information from FIGS individual measuring ranges.
  • the radiation transmitted by the image guides 15 is split into several channels.
  • An edge filter 71 is arranged in front of the actual receiving lens 34, which filters out an IR channel and maps it to a CCD line 38.
  • the remaining radiation is split into an X, a Y and a Z channel and imaged on the associated CCD lines 38 via color filters 36 and corresponding optics.
  • FIG. 13b shows a further embodiment of a beam splitter 35 in a side view.
  • the image guides 15 stacked one above the other on the receiving side carry the image information from the individual measuring ranges of the selected area 50.
  • the beam splitter is designed so that it transmits the radiation transmitted by the image guides 15 into the three color channels (X, Y, Z) and the IR Channel split.
  • the radiation from the individual color channels is imaged on correspondingly assigned CCD lines 38 via corresponding color filters 36 or an NIR filter 36.
  • the 14 shows the measurement geometry and the beam path in a measurement module 27.
  • the radiation falls from an illuminating device 28 via an imaging optics 56 onto the selected defined image area 50 of the printed product 32.
  • the angle of incidence of the radiation is 45 °.
  • the radiation remitted on the printed product is imaged onto a receiving device 16 via an optical receiving system 57.
  • the receiving device 16 observes the defined area 50 of the printed product 32 at an angle of 0 °.
  • FIG. 15 shows a first embodiment of a measuring module 27 with an integrated receiving device 16. From the lighting device 28, the radiation falls via a cross-sectional converter 73 and a cylinder mirror 72 onto the defined area 50 of the printed product 32 Irradiation takes place at an angle of incidence of 45 °, while the observation takes place perpendicular to the measuring plane.
  • the radiation remitted at the defined image area 50 is split into individual color channels via a beam splitter 35. Each color channel is mapped onto a CCD line 38 via color filters 36 and receiving optics 34.
  • the usually also provided NIR channel for measuring the black component is not shown separately in FIG. 15.
  • the CCD lines like the processing electronics, are very sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Since in the example shown the measuring module 27 contains both the optical and the electronic elements, a cold light source is selected for the illumination, the light being directed from a lighting device 28 to the cylinder mirror 72 via a cross-sectional converter 73 (optical fiber optics).
  • FIG. 16 A further embodiment of a measuring module 27 with an integrated receiving device 16 is shown in FIG. 16.
  • the structure is similar to that shown in FIG. 16, but is optimized with regard to the channel geometry.
  • a lighting device 28 which in turn is a cold light source
  • the radiation is irradiated via a cross-sectional converter 73 directly onto the defined image area 59 of the printed product 32.
  • the radiation from the defined image area 50 of the printed product 32 is measured in color measurement channels X, Y, Z at different angles.
  • the Z channel lies in the direction perpendicular to the measuring plane.
  • a color divider 74 is introduced into this channel. This color splitter 74 passes the spectral range belonging to the Z channel, while the spectral range above is reflected on the NIR channel.
  • the defined image area 50 is imaged on the CCD line arrays 38 via color filters 36 and receiving optics 34.
  • the construction of a measuring module 27 according to FIG. 16 has proven to be particularly advantageous in order to counteract a falsification of the measured values by the fact that the radiation remitted on the printed product 32 usually shows a peak in the direction of the specularly reflected radiation component.
  • the surface of the printed product 32 is therefore normally not an ideally scattering surface which scatters the radiation with the same intensity in all solid angle regions. Rather, the intensity of the radiation remitted on the surface of the printed product 32 is angle-dependent.
  • the reasons for the increased radiation intensity in the direction of the specularly reflected radiation component lie in the nature of the paper, the color density, the area coverage and the type of printing ink.
  • a further falsification of measured values as a result of an increased radiation intensity in the direction of the specularly reflected radiation component is caused by the fact that the freshly printed sheets may not yet have dried completely.
  • polarization filters 75 are introduced into the beam path.
  • FIG. 17 shows a further embodiment of a measuring module 27, the illustration being limited to the receiving device 16 for the radiation.
  • the radiation remitted by the selected area 50 of the printed product 32 is imaged on a lens array 76 via color filters 36.
  • One pixel of the defined image area 50 is received and subsequently by the lens array 76 Imaged onto the adjustable CCD receiving elements 38 via optical fibers 54 and an imaging system 33.
  • This fiber-optic embodiment of the measuring module 27 in particular also opens up the possibility of using individual light fibers 54 for the reference value coupling (white reference of the illuminating device 28 or else the calibration white reference).
  • the glass fiber bundle can be used to adapt the geometry between the defined image area 50 and the receiving device 38 without any problems.
  • FIG. 18 shows a further embodiment of an image capturing device 12.
  • the optics, in particular the lighting device 28 and the front lens 30, and the receiving device 16 are positioned in a measuring module 27.
  • the lighting device 28, not shown illuminates the defined image area 50.
  • An intermediate image is generated via a front objective 30 and is imaged onto a CCD line array 38 via a further optical system 33.
  • the optical system 33 is an image-side and a reception-side objective, in whose common focal point a partial filter 66 is positioned.
  • the 4-f arrangement eliminates the spatial dependence of the radiation between the lenses, which enables the use of a partial filter 66.
  • a partial filter 66 which is introduced into the beam path at the receiving end, has several advantages: - a more precise adaptation is possible, - higher transmission rates can be achieved, - the size of the intermediate image can be freely selected by using a two-stage image. Therefore, the reception-side image can always be dimensioned so that the required image scale is obtained.
  • the radiation In order to rule out uncontrollable color measurement errors, the radiation must - as mentioned before - pass through the filter vertically. Otherwise, the spectral transmission is a non-linear function of the angle of incidence. As a result, the spectral course of the filter after normalization does not correspond to the normal spectral value function X, Y, Z - the color measurement is therefore dependent on the angle. In order to eliminate these errors, the above-mentioned 4-f arrangement of the lenses is selected.
  • a partial filter 66 usually consists of a neutral glass onto which a multiplicity of different color filters 36 are cemented.
  • the resulting spectral profile results from the interaction of the individual sub-filters of the partial filter 66.
  • the additional use of diaphragms and masks allows the area components of the individual sub-filters to be switched on or off in a defined manner, so that the spectral profile can be influenced in a targeted manner.
  • the receiving device 38 can either be integrated in the measuring module 27, but both can also be arranged separately from one another via image conductors 15.
  • the radiation remitted from the selected area 50 of the printed product 32 is transmitted via a front objective 30 and a slit diaphragm 79 and from there via a lens, e.g. B. a cylindrical lens 80 directed to a prism 78 or grating.
  • the prism 78 spectrally decomposes each measuring point of the selected area 50.
  • the receiving device 38 consists, for example, of a line-shaped CCD element, the number of CCD elements corresponding to the number of support points in the spectrum.
  • the receiving device 38 advantageously consists of one CCD array, the number of lines of which corresponds to the number of support points in the spectrum and the number of columns of which corresponds to the number of measuring points within the selected range 50.
  • the CCD array can consist of several CCD lines, the individual CCD lines being read out in parallel.
  • a disadvantage of the previously described devices in this embodiment is the increased number of CCD elements. However, this additional effort is compensated for by a lower resolution with regard to the digitization of the data. While 12-bit data must be available for a reliable color measurement in the previously described embodiments, the same result can be found here, e.g. B. achieve 8-bit image data.
  • spectral, digital image data can be adapted to any filter function by weighting with a corresponding factor.
  • the simulation of any filter functions (X, Y, Z or RGB) in the digital area can save the usual "hardware" filters. While the use of filters 36 must always ensure that both a homogeneous illumination of the selected area 50 and a well-defined object width are maintained, these things play a much smaller role in the embodiment described in FIG. 20.
  • the receiving device 16 u. a. from the CCD line array 38 This CCD line array 38 consists of the individual color channels assigned CCD lines with corresponding control electronics 40. Each of the CCD lines 38 is accommodated on an adjustable and exchangeable chip carrier which also does not show the clock driver and Includes video preamplifier.
  • the control electronics 40 for the four CCD line arrays 38 (X, Y, Z, NIR) carry out the usual physical process of signal formation within a CCD line 38. The process includes the following steps: generation of charges, charge transport, charge detection and amplification. A double correlated sampling of the amplified signal is then carried out. The signal is converted into a digital image, for example, using a 12 bit A / D converter 39.
  • the trigger electronics 60 ensure the synchronization of the image capturing device 12 with the angular position of the printing unit 2. From the pulse sequence of an angle encoder 13, in particular an incremental encoder, both the angular speed of the cylinder 5 is determined and the integration clock for the CCD lines 38 as a function of the measured printing speed generated.
  • the computing device 17 has several defined interfaces, via which communication with the machine control 21 of the input device 19 and the offline measuring device 20 is made possible.
  • Processing the image data in real time means that an operation is always complete when the same operation has to be processed again, for example cyclically.
  • a difference image is thus generated in real time if the difference image is calculated from the current image and the static, predetermined target image before the next current image is present.
  • the evaluation of the color measurement data takes place in real time when the evaluation is also completed before the corresponding data set of the next image is ready for processing.
  • the processing cycle is therefore directly linked to the cyclical printing of the printed products 32 and thus to the speed of the printing press 1. Since both the image inspection and a color measurement take place in real time, the print product 32 just created can be assessed according to whether its print quality is sufficient or not. Corresponding corrective measures can be initiated immediately, so that the printing of faulty sheets is reduced to a minimum.
  • the amount of data or data rate depends on the pixel size, the format of the print image 32 and the speed of the printing press 1.
  • the computing device 17 must be adapted to this amount of data with regard to the memory requirement and the processing speed.
  • the memories which are not shown separately in the figures must be designed in such a way that a plurality of mutually independent sets of image data can be stored in them.
  • an image inspection is carried out on the basis of the image data of the entire printed product and a color control is carried out on the basis of selected image areas.
  • an inspection is carried out in the accumulated difference image, which in particular recognizes printing errors that are constant over time.
  • an evaluation of the error characteristic is derived. In particular, this makes it possible to correct statistical errors from errors which have a massive influence on the print quality, such as B. slugs to distinguish.
  • the data of a preferably coherent, print quality-determining region of each color zone 44 are interconnected by the above circuit with computing device 17.
  • colorimetric control the actual color location of this area is determined and compared with a corresponding stored target color location.
  • An embodiment of such a colorimetric control is - as already mentioned - described in EP 0 324 718 A1. If there is a color difference between the actual and the target color location, the corresponding changes in layer thickness in the corresponding color zones 44 of the individual printing units 2 are calculated.
  • the corresponding setting data for the ink actuators are sent to the respective printing units 2 via a machine control 21.
  • a corresponding Machine control 21, which is used in particular to regulate the ink control elements of a printing press 1 has become known from EP 0 095 649 B1.
  • a machine control 21 on the printing press 1, which is used, for example, for the automatic positioning of a slug catcher, is described in DE 37 08 925 A1.
EP94919655A 1993-06-25 1994-06-22 Vorrichtung zur bildinspektion eines druckproduktes Expired - Lifetime EP0713447B1 (de)

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DE4321177A DE4321177A1 (de) 1993-06-25 1993-06-25 Vorrichtung zur parallelen Bildinspektion und Farbregelung an einem Druckprodukt
DE4321177 1993-06-25
PCT/EP1994/002033 WO1995000335A1 (de) 1993-06-25 1994-06-22 Vorrichtung zur parallelen bildinspektion und farbregelung an einem druckprodukt

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EP0713447B1 true EP0713447B1 (de) 1997-08-27

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EP (1) EP0713447B1 (ko)
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US5724437A (en) 1998-03-03
WO1995000335A1 (de) 1995-01-05
EP0713447A1 (de) 1996-05-29
DE4321177A1 (de) 1995-01-05
JPH08511740A (ja) 1996-12-10
DE59403887D1 (de) 1997-10-02
AU7072494A (en) 1995-01-17

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