EP0315664A1 - Repandeur centrifuge d'engrais - Google Patents

Repandeur centrifuge d'engrais

Info

Publication number
EP0315664A1
EP0315664A1 EP19880904932 EP88904932A EP0315664A1 EP 0315664 A1 EP0315664 A1 EP 0315664A1 EP 19880904932 EP19880904932 EP 19880904932 EP 88904932 A EP88904932 A EP 88904932A EP 0315664 A1 EP0315664 A1 EP 0315664A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
centrifugal
broadcaster according
container
centrifugal broadcaster
travel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19880904932
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Rauch
Friedrich Speth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19873718663 external-priority patent/DE3718663A1/de
Application filed by RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH
Publication of EP0315664A1 publication Critical patent/EP0315664A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C17/00—Fertilisers or seeders with centrifugal wheels
    • A01C17/006—Regulating or dosing devices
    • A01C17/008—Devices controlling the quantity or the distribution pattern

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal spreader for fertilizer for mounting on a tractor with a fertilizer hopper arranged transversely to the direction of travel with a width which is substantially greater than the length in the direction of travel, a substantially horizontal bottom and each with a discharge opening arranged near the outer ends of the hopper, which the Fertilizer is fed transversely to the direction of travel, and each with a centrifugal disc assigned to the discharge openings, which can be pivoted in a horizontal plane from a position below the discharge opening to a position next to it.
  • the above-mentioned fertilizer spreader belongs to the type of so-called two-disc spreader, which is distinguished from the single-disc spreader, which is also frequently used in practice, by a larger working width with a larger capacity of the storage container.
  • the storage container in the single-disc spreader is funnel-shaped, it is in the case of a two-disc spreader Spreader usually consists of a single container, which, however, also forms two funnels from a medium height, each of which runs towards the discharge openings above the centrifugal disks (DE 33 10 694 A1).
  • the fertilizer is discharged onto the centrifugal discs essentially by gravity, with agitators usually rotating in each hopper in order to keep the fertilizer in motion near the discharge opening and to avoid bridging.
  • the throwing blades arranged on the centrifugal disks must therefore be offset with respect to one another, so that the fertilizer jets thrown by the individual throwing blades on the two centrifugal disks hit the middle region with a time delay.
  • This structurally predetermined offset between the throwing vanes on both centrifugal disks must be maintained during operation, which is due to the common positive drive of both centrifugal disks.
  • Two-disc spreader of the aforementioned construction have the further disadvantage that because of the division of the storage container into two funnels between the two funnels and outside of them there is a dead space, so that supply or. Transport capacity will be lost. In the two-disc spreader mentioned at the beginning (US Pat. No.
  • the storage container is box-shaped and extends transversely to the direction of travel, the width transverse to the direction of travel being a multiple of the width in the direction of travel.
  • This design of the storage container requires its own conveying device within it in order to transport the fertilizer to the discharge openings located in the region of the outer ends of the container.
  • This fertilizer spreader also has a larger working width when the storage container has a larger capacity, since the centrifugal discs are located far to the outside.
  • centrifugal spreader The larger spreading width desired per se is purchased with this known centrifugal spreader by a number of disadvantages. First of all, it is a relatively heavy device that is attached to the tractor as a follower and has its own internal combustion engine, which is arranged on the chassis, as the drive source. Both centrifugal disks are driven by an endless drive
  • centrifugal disks are mounted on swivel arms on the chassis frame, so that they can be moved in a horizontal plane into a position that releases the discharge openings, in which a metering vessel can be placed under the discharge opening.
  • a specific spread rate per unit of time adapted to the respective flow behavior of the fertilizer at a certain open position of the metering slide, which in turn can be converted into a spread rate depending on the driving speed per area.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the known centrifugal spreader as an attachment, simplifying it in terms of drive technology and other design and improving the spreading result and the spreading quality.
  • This object is initially achieved in that the container is received by the three-point linkage of the tractor and that each centrifugal disc is assigned its own hydraulic motor and that a single cross conveyor with a conveying action directed outwards from the center of the container is arranged above the floor running across the entire width and from one side is driven by a hydraulic motor.
  • the complex chassis is initially eliminated.
  • the use of the centrifugal spreader as an attachment is possible despite the large capacity of the storage container due to the simple and weight-saving design of the drives and the cross conveyor.
  • Hydraulic motors can be accommodated in a space-saving manner and operated autonomously. It is therefore for both centrifugal discs, as well as for
  • the cross conveyor is provided with a hydraulic motor, which is supplied either by the tractor hydraulics or - if this is not powerful enough - by a hydraulic pump coupled to the tractor's power take-off.
  • the spreader according to the invention has no oscillating masses, so that all sensitive bearing points etc. are also eliminated.
  • the bottom is continuous and a single cross conveyor is arranged within the storage container, which conveys in two sections to one side and the other.
  • the single cross conveyor with a single drive acting in both directions ensures that the same amount of fertilizer is supplied to each discharge opening.
  • the hydraulic drive offers the advantage over the known device that the centrifugal disks can be pivoted from the operating position into a position next to the discharge opening more easily, since it is not necessary for this to decouple the centrifugal disks from their drive.
  • a forced coupling of the drive of the two centrifugal disks can be dispensed with because of the large distance between them, since the risk of particle collisions in the central scattering range is virtually eliminated.
  • the speed of the centrifugal discs can be controlled differently by the individual drives of each centrifugal disc, with the result that the spreading width covered by the two centrifugal discs can be different. This is particularly important in the border area of the field to be spread, but also in fields where an inclined surface adjoins a flat surface and the working width should end at the transition to the inclined surface.
  • the speed control of the two sluices prepares due to the hydraulic drive no problems.
  • the centrifugal disks can be pivoted backwards against the direction of travel and can be locked in the pivoted-out position. By swiveling the centrifugal discs backwards, they are particularly easily accessible.
  • the discs can be easily replaced, either for the purpose of repairing or carrying out a dosing test or for changing the spreading characteristics by installing other centrifugal discs, e.g. B. for border spreading, to adapt to changing types of fertilizer.
  • the container and a frame receiving it, on which the three-point linkage of the tractor engages form a load-bearing structural unit, and that the frame has a crossbar running under the floor, at the ends of which the Centrifugal disks are arranged over a swivel arm with a vertical swivel axis. This limits the structural dimensions of the frame to what is necessary.
  • the frame can have two vertical L-shaped legs which are connected by the crossbar.
  • each swivel arm is detachably attached to the frame so that the spreading units can be separated from the frame if necessary.
  • the container has at least on its front wall a stiffening profile which extends at least over part of its width and to which an angle support attached in the area of the corner angles of the L-shaped legs is fastened.
  • the container becomes a self-supporting construction and it can be separated from the frame in a simple manner.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the front and rear wall of the container converge in its lower region to the trough-shaped bottom, and that the cross conveyor has conveying elements arranged on a helical line and rotating around an axis parallel to the ground. Due to the inclination of only the lower area of the front and rear wall, the greatest possible capacity ensures that the fertilizer slides into the floor recess and is caught there by the cross conveyor becomes.
  • the special design of the cross conveyor with conveying elements arranged on a helix has the advantage that a conveying pressure is not effective over the entire cross section of the transverse conveyor, the fertilizer can rather fall through between the conveying elements and, in particular, no fertilizer accumulation is built up towards the ends of the storage container on the one hand lead to unpleasant densifications, on the other hand it would make discharge more difficult.
  • the otherwise trough-shaped bottom is flat in the area of the discharge openings in order to ensure proper discharge there across the cross-section of the discharge opening, which would not be guaranteed if the trough-shaped continuation of the bottom were carried out.
  • the cross conveyor in the area of the discharge openings has stirring elements without any conveying action in the axial direction. This prevents the fertilizer from being pushed over the discharge opening, although the fertilizer above the discharge opening is always loosened.
  • the cross conveyor can be formed by a helically coiled profile bar. Instead, it can also on a continuous drive shaft substantially radially extending conveying elements, for. B. in the form of paddles.
  • the centrifugal spreader is characterized in that the bottom of the fertilizer hopper is perforated and closed on the outside by a cover which ver from a bottom closing position can be brought into a position releasing the perforation.
  • the cross conveyor is expediently arranged in such a way that it rotates as close as possible above the bottom of the container in order to prevent dead spaces between the cross conveyor and the bottom.
  • the cross conveyor must maintain a certain distance from the floor in order to avoid grinding on the floor and thus frictional forces and noise.
  • fertilizer will settle between the cross conveyor and the ground and solidify over time, so that on the one hand it is not possible to completely empty the container, but in particular the cleaning of the container that is necessary from time to time will encounter difficulties, since these dead spaces are difficult or impossible are accessible.
  • the cover is fixed at one longitudinal edge running transversely to the direction of travel, releasably attached to the container on the other longitudinal edge and can be folded into the position releasing the perforations in the floor.
  • the perforated base is an integrated and thus part of the fertilizer container, so that it can be designed in a self-supporting construction.
  • the cover can consist of a flexible material that conforms to the contour of the bottom of the container, e.g. B. be formed from a rubber or rubber-like cloth.
  • Such a cover can advantageously also be tensioned on its releasably attached longitudinal edge in order to ensure a tight seal on the bottom of the container.
  • the cover can have loops on its releasably attached longitudinal edge and can be fixed to the container by means of pins penetrating them, a tensioning device being connected to the pins.
  • the cover is formed as a trough-shaped bottom of the same shape from a dimensionally stable material.
  • the design of the cover as a dimensionally stable channel has the advantage that the fertilizer remains largely on the channel and can be applied from it in a targeted manner.
  • the fertilizer that still falls through the perforation after being folded down can only be applied to the channel-shaped cover arrive and from there are discharged into a collection container.
  • the channel is advantageously pivotally mounted on one longitudinal edge on the container and fixed on its other longitudinal edge by means of a tensioning device.
  • the tensioning device is advantageously arranged on the rear of the container facing away from the tractor, where it is more easily accessible than on the one hand
  • Tractor facing the front is not contaminated by the tractor wheels during operation.
  • the container on its upper edge can be designed to accommodate attachments that increase the container height, for example in order to adapt the capacity to the respective spreading area.
  • connections arranged on the frame for the handlebars of the three-point linkage are behind the front boundary of the front wall, e.g. B. predominantly in their inclined area, so that the container is brought as close as possible to the tractor.
  • the discharge opening has such a shape that the center of gravity of its free cross-section moves outwards with increasing opening of the metering slide with respect to the centrifugal disc.
  • the shape of the discharge opening is preferably also such chosen that there is linear proportionality between the travel of the metering slide and the discharge amount, so that the travel is directly a measure of the change in the spread rate per area.
  • the uniformity of the scatter pattern is the further measure that the discharge opening is arranged so that the center of gravity of its free cross-section moves with increasing opening of the metering slide with respect to the centrifugal disc in the direction of rotation to the outside.
  • the metering slide and / or a closure slide which completely prevents the fertilizer discharge can be driven linearly or in a rotary manner, and in the case of a rotary drive they can have the same or different pivot points.
  • the metering slide and the closure slide are driven in opposite directions. This ensures that the discharge process is suddenly interrupted, although the setting of the metering slide can be retained. This is important, for example, at the end of the field and when the direction of travel is subsequently reversed, as is also the case with the calibration process to be described later.
  • the further measure according to the invention has the same effect that the metering slide is driven by hand or by means of a linear drive, and the closing slide is driven by a pressure medium cylinder, preferably a hydraulic cylinder. In this way, the metering slide can be slowly and precisely adjusted to the desired opening cross-section while the slide can be suddenly closed or opened at a higher speed.
  • While the slide valve preferably have separate drives to selectively close one or the other discharge opening, but at the same time to keep the other discharge opening in the operating position, e.g. B. for calibration processes, for one-sided scattering or the like.
  • the metering slide can be driven together, since usually the same spreading amounts are discharged on both sides.
  • the coupling of two metering slides for two disks is known per se (DE 35 03 905 A1, WO 83/00978).
  • the metering slides are expediently presettable when the closing slides are closed, so that the desired spread rate can be set without any fertilizer escaping.
  • the metering slides are arranged below the discharge openings and the closure slides below the same. Since the discharge opening is arranged in the oscillating base plate and thus constantly changes its position with respect to the metering slide once set, pulsating discharge cannot be avoided, which leads to irregularities in the spread pattern, but in particular fertilizer can also be opened laterally between the two when the metering slide is open and the closing slide is closed emerge.
  • the invention remedies that the closure slide is arranged immediately below the bottom of the storage container and the metering slide below the closure slide.
  • the slide valve therefore runs directly below the bottom of the storage container, so that even with a preset metering slide, fertilizer can no longer escape and the likelihood that fertilizer will penetrate into the guide column is significantly reduced, since only when spreading, but not when driving in the field or fertilizer can leak on the street.
  • the metering slides are operated jointly by means of an adjusting device arranged in the middle.
  • This adjusting device is located together with the scale required for the setting on the front of the centrifugal spreader facing the tractor.
  • Actuating device especially the moving parts very quickly affected.
  • the scales required for adjustment become illegible over time.
  • each metering slide is assigned its own, manually operated actuating device, which is arranged on the front of the container facing the tractor in the immediate vicinity of the respective metering slide.
  • the control devices are thus removed from the fertilizer or fertilizer dust.
  • the barrier-free accessibility of the cover described above is also ensured, which would be very difficult if the actuating devices were arranged on the rear wall.
  • An arrangement on the side of the storage container could also be considered, but there is a particularly high risk of mechanical damage during operation.
  • a splash guard is arranged at least in front of the actuating devices, which preferably consists of two splash guards, which are each arranged in front of the actuating devices and extend at least over the overall height of the entire centrifugal spreader.
  • control devices which are located in the tractor track, for example, are protected from dirt.
  • the metering slide itself and the closing slide provided as a rule as well as the centrifugal disks are also protected from this dirt.
  • the splash guards advantageously extend downward beyond the height of the centrifugal spreader, so that even with extremely short attachment to the tractor, dirt cannot get into the sensitive areas of the centrifugal spreader from below.
  • the splash guards are advantageously arranged and dimensioned such that they leave only the central area with the points of attack for the three-point linkage or, conversely, cover a vertical strip at the height of the track width, which is wider than the tire width on the tractor.
  • the splash guard is advantageously made of a transparent material in order to enable the tractor driver to have a view to the rear for a function check, etc.
  • a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the metering slides or their drives are in a control loop, the command variable of which is the product of the desired spreading quantity per area, the current driving speed of the tractor and the reciprocal of a specific spreading quantity obtained in one calibration process per unit of time a certain opening of the metering slide and its controlled variable is formed by the actual position of the metering slide.
  • centrifugal discs makes it possible - in contrast to the double-disc spreaders used in practice - to have the centrifugal discs circulate from the outside inwards to the center of the container, since there is no risk of an uneven spread pattern in the overlap region.
  • This has the advantage, in particular in the case of fine fertilizer, microgranules or the like, that the product no longer accumulates more strongly in the overlap region than previously, but rather is better and more widely distributed to the outside.
  • the hydraulic motors of the centrifugal discs can be controlled either synchronously or separately in order to be able to operate normally to get the same spreading density over the entire working width in the usual terrain and synchronous circulation, and on the other hand to be able to vary the spreading quantity on the right and left side for unusual spreading tasks.
  • the hydraulic motors are also preferably in a control circuit, the command variable of which is the spreading quantity or the corresponding rotational speed of the centrifugal discs and whose regulating quantity is formed by the current rotational speed of the centrifugal disc, the current speed on the centrifugal disc or on the hydraulic motor or in Hydraulic circuit can be removed.
  • control loops for the metering slide or their drive and for the centrifugal disks or their hydraulic motors are linked with one another such that when the speed of the hydraulic motors changes (change in the spread) the position of the metering slide (discharge quantity) to keep the
  • control circuit for the metering slide has a microprocessor in which a spreading quantity characteristic is stored, which is obtained by several calibration processes in which the specific spreading quantity is recorded for several open positions of the metering slide. It can also be provided that spread rate characteristics of different types of fertilizer are stored. With this training, very precise spreading is possible depending on the fertilizer currently in use, namely over the entire spreading quantity range. Characteristic curves of several types of fertilizer will be recorded especially if, for example, different fertilizers have to be spread in a short time sequence.
  • the calibration process in which the amount of fertilizer discharged per unit of time when the metering slide is set, can be carried out easily, in particular when a spread rate characteristic is to be recorded, in that control elements for driving the shutter slide are arranged in the control loop of the metering slide and that Microprocessor predetermined positions of the metering slide are stored for each calibration process and that the shutter slide are closed after the time for each calibration process and opened for the next calibration process. In this way, several calibration processes can be carried out precisely and in the shortest possible time.
  • the opening time for individual opening positions can also be pre-programmed differently in order to compensate for the calibration processes in terms of time or quantity, the spreading quantity then being extrapolated to a time constant using the microprocessor in order to obtain the spreading quantity running out in the time unit for a specific opening position.
  • the opening time for decreasing opening cross sections can be increased in order to always optimally utilize the capacity of the collecting container.
  • a vessel suspended under the discharge opening when the centrifugal disc is pivoted away can be provided, the weight carried out per unit of time being recorded by means of a strain gauge arranged on the suspension, and thus thus far manual weighing necessary for centrifugal spreaders can be dispensed with.
  • the centrifugal disks can be tilted about at least one, but preferably about two axes, which run perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the centrifugal disk axis.
  • This measure can also influence the spreading width, but in particular there is a simple setting for border spreading, by tilting one of the centrifugal disks to cover a different spreading width than the centrifugal disc located in the normal position.
  • This can be optimized in that the centrifugal disks can be positioned spatially in any angular position due to the two tilting axes.
  • Separate tilting drives can be provided for the tilting movement of the centrifugal disks, depending on the desired spreading width and / or existing ones
  • the tilt drives can also be arranged in the control circuit for the hydraulic motors of the centrifugal discs and linked to their speed control, so that the spreading width can be controlled by changing the rotational speed and / or the angle of inclination of the centrifugal discs with respect to the horizontal.
  • the spread rate can also be kept constant with any type of change in the spreading width.
  • the swivel arm of the centrifugal disks consists of two parts, which over a joint which is parallel to the direction of travel and which forms a tilt axis for the centrifugal disc is connected.
  • the tilting movement in the other plane can take place in that the centrifugal disc with the hydraulic motor is mounted on the swivel arm on a tilting axis running in the operating position transverse to the direction of travel.
  • This tilting bearing is arranged, for example, at the free end of the swivel arm.
  • a scattering in the direction of travel is prevented for each slinger, however, the slinger is partially provided with throwing disk protection, which is attached to the swivel arm in the design according to the invention, so that it together with the swivel arm can be pivoted from the operating position into a position next to the discharge opening and thus does not hinder the calibration process.
  • the accuracy of the spreading result is significantly influenced, among other things, by the point of impact of the spreading material on the centrifugal disc. It is therefore a further subtask of the invention to provide training with which this point of impact can be maintained precisely and reproducibly.
  • This subtask is achieved according to the invention in that an adjustable stop for the setting of the operating position of each centrifugal disc is arranged on the crossbar with respect to the discharge opening of the container.
  • the frame with the crossbeam, the container, the swivel arms carrying the centrifugal discs and the centrifugal discs themselves are manufactured as separate components and then assembled, there are inevitable deviations in the relative position of the outlet opening on the container to the centrifugal disc and thus deviations in the position of the point of impact of the spreading material on the centrifugal disc due to usual manufacturing and assembly tolerances.
  • the stop in the manufacturer's operation the position of the centrifugal disc with respect to the outlet opening on the container can be set exactly and this position is always exactly achieved even after a long period of operation (frequent pivoting in and out of the centrifugal discs). Any tolerances that arise after a long period of operation (enlargement of bearing play, etc.) can also be compensated for at any time by readjusting the stop.
  • a gauge is provided for the adjustment of the operating position of each centrifugal disc, which can be inserted into the discharge opening of the container with an identical fitting piece and which has an indicator for the center position of the centrifugal disc.
  • the farmer is able to easily adjust the centrifugal discs in their exact position relative to the discharge opening or readjust the stop.
  • the teaching can immediately show the center position of the centrifugal disc or such a reference point, for. B. on the circumference of the disc, which would indirectly ensure the center point.
  • the display can also consist of a stop against which the disc is moved with the swivel arm.
  • a switch arranged in the swivel range of the swivel arms is provided which stops the hydraulic motor in the inoperative position when the centrifugal disc is pivoted out.
  • An advantageous embodiment consists in that the crossbar and the swivel arm are hollow and that the adjustable stop and the switch are arranged in the crossbar and in the swivel arm. This protects the sensitive components of the switch and the adjustable stop against any contamination.
  • the swivel arm of each centrifugal disc is fixed in its operating position by means of a tension lock that is effective over the entire adjustment path of the stop. This design ensures that the swivel arm is securely and precisely fixed in every adjustment position of the stop by means of the tension lock.
  • the actuator is thus on the more accessible rear of the spreader, towards which the centrifugal discs are also swung out. For the rest, it is largely removed from the effects of dirt. Further details and advantages of the invention are described with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.
  • the drawing shows:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the centrifugal spreader on the front of the storage container
  • Figure 2 is a partial plan view of the illustration of Figure 1 on a larger scale
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the illustration according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of another embodiment of the centrifugal spreader
  • Figure 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 1 of a third embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a partial view of the two centrifugal disks in an operating position that differs from FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a side view of the centrifugal spreader according to FIG. 5 with a different position of the spreading discs
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial view of the centrifugal disc according to FIG. 7 in yet another operating position
  • FIG. 9 shows a side view of the swivel arm for the centrifugal disc
  • FIG. 10 shows a top view of the representation according to FIG. 9;
  • Figure 11 shows a section of the container
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic partial view of the representation according to FIG. 1 in the region of the bottom of the container
  • Figure 13 shows a section XIII - XIII according
  • Figure 14 is a plan view of the illustration of Figure 12 with the
  • Figure 15 is a plan view of the illustration of Figure 12 with the
  • FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the drive for the metering slide that is modified compared to the illustration in FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 17 shows an embodiment of the drive of the closure slide which is modified compared to FIG. 15;
  • FIGS. 12 to 15 show a plan view corresponding to FIGS. 12 to 15 of the metering slide and closure slide with their drive in a further embodiment
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the hydraulic system.
  • the centrifugal spreader shown in the drawing has a fertilizer hopper 1, which extends with its longitudinal axis transversely to the direction of travel shown in FIG. 2 at 2 and has a width which corresponds to the total width permitted for road transport. It consists of a substantially rectangular upper part 2 and a lower part 3, the side walls 4, front wall 5 and rear wall 6 are inclined inwards. The front wall 5 and rear wall 6 run into a trough-shaped bottom (see FIG. 3). Appropriate attachments can optionally be placed on the open end face of the rectangular upper part 2 in order to increase the capacity of the storage container 1.
  • the centrifugal spreader also has a frame 7, which consists essentially of two vertical L-shaped
  • the L-shaped legs 8 of the frame 7 are arranged within the front vertical alignment of the container 1.
  • the container 1 can be drawn inwards in the region of its upper part 2 on the front wall 5.
  • the connection points 14 for the upper link and the connection points 15 for the lower link are as close as possible to the central longitudinal plane of the container, which results in a favorable center of gravity .
  • a transverse conveyor 16 is arranged within the container 1 directly in the trough-shaped bottom, which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of a continuous shaft 17 and a screw spiral 18 carried at a distance from it.
  • the cross conveyor 16 is driven on one side by means of a hydraulic motor 19 via a chain wheel 20 and is supported in the middle region at 21 on the container.
  • the trough-shaped bottom has flat sections 22 in the region of its outer ends (see FIG. 3), in which the discharge openings are located are seen.
  • the cross conveyor as shown by way of example in FIG. 5, has no conveying elements, but only circulating elements 23, which ensure that the material lying above the discharge opening 24 is no longer conveyed to the outside, but is only circulated.
  • centrifugal disc 25, 26 is arranged below each of the two outer discharge openings, the axis 27, 28 of which is offset with respect to the discharge opening, so that the fertilizer leaving the discharge opening strikes the centrifugal discs 25, 26 at a distance from the axis.
  • the centrifugal disks 25, 26 have a number of centrifugal blades 29 in a conventional manner.
  • the centrifugal disks 25, 26 are seated on swivel arms 30, which are supported with a vertical axis 31 at the outer ends of the lower crossbar 10.
  • centrifugal disc 25 can be pivoted forwards in the direction of travel 2
  • the other centrifugal disc 26 can be pivoted backwards against the direction of travel, but preferably both centrifugal discs can only be pivoted backwards as indicated in FIG. 2 for the centrifugal disc 25.
  • the centrifugal disks 25, 26 are each driven by a hydraulic motor 32, which are each attached to the outer end of the swivel arms 30.
  • the centrifugal disks are seated directly on the downward-facing output shaft of the hydraulic motor 32, which is why the swivel arm 30 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is bent upward from its bearing axis 31 in order to ensure a small distance between the discharge opening and the centrifugal disk.
  • the hydraulic motor 32 is attached to the underside of the essentially straight swivel arm 30 and points with its output shaft upwards, so that the centrifugal disks 25, 26 are free upwards.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 A modified embodiment is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in which the swivel arms 30, which are in turn mounted at 31, are designed with two arms. They are mounted with their respective inner arm 34 on the vertical axis 31, while the outer arm 35 is connected to the inner arm 34 via a joint 36.
  • the axis of the joint 36 runs approximately parallel to the direction of travel.
  • a servomotor 37 for. B. hydraulic cylinder, which is supported on the inner arm 34 and whose piston rod acts on the outer arm 35 such that the outer arm 35 can be pivoted about the joint 36.
  • the centrifugal disk 25 can be adjusted from the normal position, as indicated for the centrifugal disk 26 in FIG. 5, to an outwardly tilted position.
  • centrifugal disks 25, 26 can also be turned inwards be tilted so that the ballistic angle is increased.
  • the scatter protection 38 shown in the right part in FIG. 6, which is intended to prevent spreading to the front, also moves. This scatter protection 38 is attached to the swivel arms 30.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 finally show an embodiment in which the swivel arm 30 can additionally be swiveled about an axis 39, which runs transversely to the direction of travel and approximately in the direction of extension of the swivel arm 30, so that the centrifugal disc 26 can either be moved to the rear (FIG. 8) or to the rear front ( Figure 9) can be tilted. This can also influence the spreading width and spreading pattern as well as the spreading density.
  • the tilting movement about the axis 39 can in turn be effected by means of a hydraulic cylinder.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show the outer end of the lower crossbar 10, on which the swivel arm 30 is articulated via the axis 31. Furthermore, a switch 41 is shown on the side opposite the axis 31, which is located in the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic motor 32 of the centrifugal disks 25, 26. The switch 41 ensures that when the centrifugal disks 25, 26 are pivoted out, the hydraulic flow to the motor 32 is interrupted, so that the pivoting arm 30 can only be pivoted out when the centrifugal disk is stationary.
  • FIG. 10 also shows a stop 40 which, like the switch 41, is accommodated within the crossbar 10 or swivel arm 30 formed from a hollow profile.
  • the stop 40 has an adjustable part located in the crossbar 10, for. B. an adjusting screw, and a fixed part arranged in the swivel arm 30. By moving the moving part the swivel arm and thus the centrifugal disc adjust to the outlet opening of the storage container in order to set the point of impact of the emerging fertilizer on the centrifugal disc precisely and reproducibly.
  • This setting can be facilitated by a teaching which is inserted into the discharge opening 24 (see FIG. 2) with a fitting piece of the same outline and then automatically indicates the center position of the centrifugal disc or specifies it by means of a stop.
  • a rearwardly extending tab 110 is attached, which has a hole 111.
  • a tab 310 with a hole 311.
  • the holes 111 and 311 come to coincide.
  • the swivel arm 30 and thus the centrifugal disc can be locked in the pivoted-out position by means of a plug pin.
  • a tension lock 312 is provided, which essentially consists of a bolt 313 fastened to the crossbar and a hook 314 which engages under the bolt 313 with its inner curved hook surface.
  • the hook sits on a pin 315 which passes through the swivel arm 30 and on which an actuating lever 316 engages with a handle 317.
  • the actuating lever can be locked on the swivel arm 30 by means of a locking pin 318.
  • the hook 314 is also under the action of a leg spring 319, which presses it firmly in the locking position on the bolt 313.
  • FIG. 11 shows an enlarged detail section of the storage container 1 in the region of the trough-shaped bottom 42.
  • the bottom 42 is provided with perforations 421 in the form of rounded oblong holes which extend over the entire width of the storage container.
  • a cover 422 is arranged below the bottom 42, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is formed from a type of rubber blanket.
  • the cover 422 is attached to the front wall 5 of the storage container 1 at 423 in such a way that the cover 422 can be folded down. It is fastened to the other longitudinal edge in the area of the rear wall 6 by means of a tensioning device 424 and can also be tensioned.
  • the blanket-like cover 422 has loops 425 on this longitudinal edge which are penetrated by pins 426.
  • the tensioning device 424 engages on these pins 426 and can be inserted behind a flap 428 fixed to the container by means of an elastic element 427.
  • a rigid channel-shaped cover can of course also be provided, which bears against the bottom 42 with the same contours, can be pivotably mounted on the front wall 5 and can be fixed on the rear wall 6 by means of a tensioning device.
  • FIG. 12 only the bottom 42 of the storage container 1 can be seen, which is trough-shaped over almost its entire length and only has flat sections 43 with the discharge openings at the outer ends, which are shown in dashed lines in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • Each discharge opening 24 is assigned a metering slide 44, 45 and a closure slide 46, 47, which are each directly below one another.
  • the dosing Sliders 44, 45 are on levers 48 on vertical axes
  • the slide valve 46, 47 each have their own actuator 54, z. B. in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, which acts on the locking slide 46, 47 via lever 55, which are mounted on a vertical axis 56.
  • the metering slides 44, 45 and the closing slides 46, 47 can also be guided linearly, as is also shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.
  • the metering slides 44, 45 are preferably adjusted simultaneously by means of a linear drive 50, while a separate actuator 54 is provided for the closing slides 46, 47.
  • FIG. 18 shows a plan view of the centrifugal disks 25, 26 and the metering and closing slides in a modified version and with greater detail.
  • the discharge opening 24 in the bottom of the storage container is shown in dash-dot lines and lies above the plane of the drawing. It has a kidney-shaped outline in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the metering slides 44, 45 have a control edge 57 which, in connection with the shape and the arrangement of the discharge opening 24, is designed such that when the metering slides are opened, which move inwards and towards one another, the center of gravity of the free cross section is related on the centrifugal disc 25, 26 moved outwards. Furthermore, the arrangement is such that the center of gravity is in circulation with increasing opening Direction 58 of the centrifugal disks 25, 26 migrates, but at least not against the direction of rotation. The direction of rotation can also be opposite because of the large distance between the centrifugal disks, contrary to the illustration in FIG. 18, that is to say both disks rotate in opposite directions.
  • the shutter slide 46, 47 are guided and driven by the hydraulic cylinder 54 via the link 59.
  • the closure slides 46, 47 have an aperture-like recess 60, the outline of which corresponds to that of the discharge openings 24.
  • the closure slides 46, 47 can be moved between the closed position shown in FIG. 18, in which the recess 60 lies outside the outline of the discharge opening 24, in an open position in which the discharge opening 24 and the recess 60 are congruent.
  • an adjusting device 70 is assigned to the metering slides, which are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the centrifugal disks 25, 26 and the discharge openings 24 on the front side of the container facing the tractor.
  • the actuating device 70 each has a hand lever 71 which can be pivoted along a scale 72 and can be locked in the set position by means of riders or the like.
  • a splash guard in the form of a spray flap 73 is attached in front of the actuating device in a curtain-like manner. As can be seen from FIG. 3, these splash protection flaps extend down to the height of the centrifugal spreader and cover approximately the area between the widths lower connection points 15 for the three-point linkage and the lateral limitation of the storage container.
  • FIG. 19 shows a block diagram for the drive of the cross conveyor 16 and the centrifugal disc 25, 26.
  • the dash-dotted line 61 indicates the tractor, at the three-point of which the centrifugal spreader is attached.
  • the hydraulic motor 19 of the cross conveyor 16 and the two hydraulic motors 32 for the centrifugal disks 25, 26 are supplied by means of a pump, not shown, which can belong to the hydraulic circuit of the tractor or which is flanged to the PTO shaft of the tractor as a separate unit , 32 are connected via the return line 63 and the hydraulic connection 64 to the hydraulic tank, not shown.
  • a flow control valve 65 with which the speed of the cross conveyor can be adjusted. Furthermore, between the flow control valve 65 and the two hydraulic motors 32 for the centrifugal disks 25, 26 there is a constant flow divider 66 which ensures the same flow rate in the branches 67 leading to the hydraulic motors 32. In both branches 67 there is in turn a flow control valve 68 which can be controlled to the same or different flow rate in order to drive the two hydraulic motors 32 and thus the centrifugal disks 25, 26 at the same or different speed. Finally, there is a pressure relief valve 69 in each branch of the hydraulic motors 32.
  • the container is longer than it is wide and has a horizontal bot- tom (42) near the outer edges of which are arranged discharge holes (24) to which the fertilizer is transported.
  • a centrifugal disc (25, 26) arranged below each discharge hole can swing outward in a horizontal plane.
  • the container is supported by the three-point rods of the tractor and each centrifugal disc (25, 26) is connected to a hydraulic motor (32).
  • a single transverse conveyor (16) which conveys outwards from the center of the container is arranged above the total width of the bottom (42) and is driven from one side by a hydraulic motor (19).
  • a centrifugal spreader for fertilizer to be attached to a tractor has a large-width fertilizer hopper (1) arranged transversely to the direction of travel with a horizontal bottom (42) and support openings (24) arranged near its outer ends, to which the fertilizer is conveyed, and one below each of the discharge openings arranged centrifugal disc (25, 26) which can be swung out in a horizontal plane.
  • the container is held by the three-point linkage of the tractor and a hydraulic motor (32) is assigned to each centrifugal disc (25, 26).
  • a single cross conveyor (16) with a conveying action directed outwards from the center of the container is arranged above the floor (42) which extends over the entire width and ben from one side by means of a hydraulic motor (19).

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

Un répandeur centrifuge d'engrais pouvant être relié à un tracteur comprend un récipient d'engrais (1) agencé transversalement au sens d'avancement. Ce récipient est plus large que long et comprend un fond horizontal (42) près des extrémités extérieures duquel sont ménagés des orifices de répandage (24) jusqu'auxquels l'engrai est transporté. Un plateau de centrifugation (25, 26) agencé sous chaque orifice de répandage pivote sur un plan horizontal. Le récipient est soutenu par le système de tiges à trois points du tracteur et chaque plateau de centrifugation (25, 26) est relié à un moteur hydraulique (32). En outre, un seul transporteur transversal (16) transportant du centre du récipient vers l'extérieur agencé au-dessus de toute la largeur du fond (42) est entraîné depuis un côté au moyen d'un moteur hydraulique (19).
EP19880904932 1987-06-04 1988-06-04 Repandeur centrifuge d'engrais Withdrawn EP0315664A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873718663 DE3718663A1 (de) 1987-06-04 1987-06-04 Schleuderstreuer fuer duenger
DE3718663 1987-06-04
DE3718662 1987-06-04
DE3718662 1987-06-04
DE3739625 1987-11-23
DE3739625 1987-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0315664A1 true EP0315664A1 (fr) 1989-05-17

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ID=27196032

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880904932 Withdrawn EP0315664A1 (fr) 1987-06-04 1988-06-04 Repandeur centrifuge d'engrais

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EP (1) EP0315664A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1931388A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988009609A2 (fr)

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DE4139775A1 (de) * 1991-11-15 1993-05-19 Amazonen Werke Dreyer H Verfahren zum betreiben einer elektrischen/elektronischen bedienungsanlage fuer landwirtschaftliche maschinen
EP1020565A3 (fr) * 1999-01-12 2001-12-05 Lehner Agrar GmbH Agencement d'épandage d'un liant et dispositif de nettoyage comportant un tel agencement
DE10005230A1 (de) * 1999-02-25 2000-08-31 Rauch Landmaschfab Gmbh Zentrifugalstreuer
DE10028236A1 (de) * 2000-06-07 2001-12-13 Rauch Landmaschfab Gmbh Zentrifugalstreuer, insbesondere Düngerstreuer
CN106973606A (zh) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-25 新疆农垦科学院 一种撒肥机
DE102018001875A1 (de) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Rauch Landmaschinenfabrik Gmbh Zweischeibenstreuer mit hydraulischem Antrieb der Verteilerscheiben

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1988009609A2 (fr) 1988-12-15
AU1931388A (en) 1989-01-04
WO1988009609A3 (fr) 1989-04-20

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