EP0033475B1 - Escabeau - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0033475B1
EP0033475B1 EP81100404A EP81100404A EP0033475B1 EP 0033475 B1 EP0033475 B1 EP 0033475B1 EP 81100404 A EP81100404 A EP 81100404A EP 81100404 A EP81100404 A EP 81100404A EP 0033475 B1 EP0033475 B1 EP 0033475B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stringers
steps
legs
ladder
leg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81100404A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0033475A1 (fr
EP0033475B2 (fr
Inventor
Walter Kümmerlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Helga Kuemmerlin Te Bietigheim Bondsrepubliek Dui
Original Assignee
Kuemmerlin Helga
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=35311348&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0033475(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19803003854 external-priority patent/DE3003854A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19808002726 external-priority patent/DE8002726U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803019345 external-priority patent/DE3019345A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19808025544 external-priority patent/DE8025544U1/de
Application filed by Kuemmerlin Helga filed Critical Kuemmerlin Helga
Priority to AT81100404T priority Critical patent/ATE5493T1/de
Publication of EP0033475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033475A1/fr
Publication of EP0033475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033475B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033475B2 publication Critical patent/EP0033475B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/39—Ladders having platforms; Ladders changeable into platforms
    • E06C1/393—Ladders having platforms foldable with the ladder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/14—Ladders capable of standing by themselves
    • E06C1/16—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground
    • E06C1/20—Ladders capable of standing by themselves with hinged struts which rest on the ground with supporting struts formed as poles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/387—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders having tip-up steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a block ladder, of the two legs of which are connected to one another in the region of their upper end so as to be pivotable about an axis Footprint of the ladder is formed in horizontal planes, plate-shaped treads which are pivotable about parallel axes with the spars and in their pivoting plane, and the pivotability of the treads are connected in one sense by a system on the associated spar limiting handlebars, the treads one have a torque when walking on in the sense of an approach of the handlebars to the bars resulting overhang on the side facing away from the other leg of the bars.
  • the handlebars which in the spread state of the legs rest with their lower end on the spars carrying the steps, are parallel to the spars when the legs are folded and are at a distance from them which is greater than the maximum distance of the handlebars from the spars with spread legs, the handlebars with the folded ladder project significantly beyond the spars of the step-free leg. Furthermore, the handlebars only contribute to the stiffening of the spars via the connections formed by the treads, which is why the latter must have relatively large dimensions.
  • Another known step ladder (FR-A-806116) has the same disadvantages with regard to accessibility, because here too the height difference between two successive steps is relatively large in relation to the tread width and the tread width is very small due to the overlap of the steps and their relatively shallow depth is. Since with spread legs the treads protrude with their entire depth into the space between the two legs and the rear end of the treads, to which the two handlebars are articulated, is pivoted upwards when the ladder is folded up, so that the top step is folded protrudes significantly above the upper end of the spars, the space requirement of these known fixed ladder in the folded state is relatively large, although the steps are in one plane and do not protrude laterally over the spars.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a step ladder that can be walked up and down just as safely and comfortably and without having to look for a stop, as a conventional, fixed staircase, but still has a simple, low-weight construction and in folded state has a minimal space requirement.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the handlebars rest against the latter over the entire length of their section adjacent to the spars, with maximum spread of the legs, that the exit width of the steps and the height difference between two successive steps in the usual range of fixed stairs and the quotient of height difference and tread width are between about 0.44 and 0.77 and that in the folded state of the legs, the steps are each pivoted into a position that does not project laterally over the bars and the handlebars and theirs Treads lie in one plane.
  • the choice of the tread width of the steps and the height difference between two successive steps in accordance with the values customary for fixed stairs ensures that the step ladder can be walked on as comfortably and safely as a fixed staircase, i.e.
  • the handlebars when walking downwards with the back to which the steps are supporting leg.
  • the handlebars By placing the bars and handlebars against each other with maximum spreading of the legs, the handlebars increase the bending stiffness of the bars in a maximum manner, which increases the load-bearing capacity and stability of the ladder.
  • the bars can therefore be made weaker and therefore lighter in weight and more space-saving than if there were no or only incomplete mutual support.
  • the uppermost step therefore protrudes above the upper end of the bars. This supernatant can also be avoided.
  • only the protrusion of the uppermost step over the side of the leg carrying the steps needs to be chosen to be correspondingly small.
  • the rear edge of the steps is pivoted downwards when the two legs are folded against the foot end of the spars that carry them.
  • the handlebars only extend down to the lowest step, that is to say they end at a distance from the lower end of the bars. This ensures that the handlebars do not protrude beyond the foot of the spars when the legs are folded, even with steps with a large step width.
  • the bars and handlebars do not impair the usability of the uppermost step as a step surface and as a storage area, it is generally advisable for the bars and the handlebars to extend at most to the level defined by the step surface of the top step with maximum spread of the legs . However, it may also be desirable if the bars of one of the two legs have an extension beyond the uppermost step, for example to form a handle for the user or to carry a storage plate or the like.
  • the handlebars can each be connected to one of the two spars of the other leg via a slot-pin guide.
  • This is a very simple and space-saving construction. But you can also connect the two legs of the ladder to each other by at least one pivot lever.
  • Such a swivel lever enables the maximum spread angle of the conductor limbs to be positively fixed even without a locking device and to secure the two conductor limbs against inadvertent folding of the conductors.
  • the swivel lever can either engage in a slot guide of the other leg by means of a driver or be articulated at a fixed location on the other leg. In the latter case, however, an articulated division of one arm of the pivot lever or the use of an intermediate lever is required.
  • the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 5 is a fixed ladder with two legs 201 and 202 each made of two parallel bars 203 and 204, respectively.
  • One leg 201 is provided with three steps 206 and two parallel links 211.
  • the other leg 202 has no steps and is replaced by a stiffening plate 216 provided with a traverse which rigidly connects the two spars 204 to one another.
  • the mutually identical treads 206 extend horizontally from bar 203 to bar 203 and are rotatably mounted at points 218 of bars 203 about a horizontal axis lying in the central plane M of their tread width a.
  • the treads 206 which are placed horizontally in FIGS said space protruding rear edges 224 of the treads are rotatably mounted about horizontal parallel axes at the points 226 of the two links 211, so that each step with simultaneous rotation about its two bearing points 218 is pivotable about its two bearing points 226, which are based on arcs around the Bearings 218 can move.
  • each link 211 rests against the spar .203 assigned to it, the handlebar-fixed but moving bearing points 226 being higher than the spar-fixed bearing points 218.
  • the bars By placing the handlebars 211 on the bars 203 in the position with maximum spread, the bars increase the bending stiffness of the bars 203, which increases the load-bearing capacity and stability of the ladder.
  • the bars can therefore be made weaker and thus less weight and space-saving than if there were no mutual support between the bars 203 and the links 211.
  • the system pressure is increased by the body weight on one or two steps, which ensures good support. This also ensures that the maximum spread required for reasons of stability is inevitably achieved.
  • the protrusion of the steps over the front of the spars also has the advantage that the lower spar ends no longer appear disruptive and do not form trip hazards, which is also important for the safety of the user of the ladder.
  • the height difference between two successive steps 206, the depth or tread width a and the inclination of the bars 203 with maximum spreading of the legs 201 and 202 are selected so that the ladder is as easy and safe to walk as a fixed staircase, especially since the steps 206 overlap very little, as Fig. 2 shows.
  • the preferred slope for fixed stairs, which is equal to the quotient of the height difference and the tread width, is between about 0.44 and 0.77.
  • each spar 204 of the rear leg 202 is a hollow profile rod with a groove 228 open to the other rear spar 204, a slot-pin guide with a hollow pin 230 which projects laterally outwards from the associated link 211 and engages in the continuous groove 228, which extends parallel to the rear spar 204.
  • the two links 211 lie between the two rear spars 204, the lateral spacing of which is greater than the lateral spacing of the front spars 203, the lower ends of which each carry a weft 232 which has two standing surfaces 234 and 236 including an obtuse outer angle a which the longer one leg 201 with the maximum spread of both legs or the entire ladder with closed legs 201 and 202 stands on the floor 238.
  • a hoof-like shoe 240 is sufficient on the shorter rear spars 204.
  • each groove 228 has in its base an overhead bore 242 and a deep bore 244, in which a locking bolt 246 optionally engages is longitudinally displaceably mounted in one of the hollow pins 230 and is under spring pressure and can be withdrawn from the occupied bore for unlocking with the aid of a pull cable 248 common to both bolts.
  • the relative dimensions of the ladder parts are selected so that when the legs 201 and 202 of the folded fixed ladder are spread, the handlebars 211 guided on the rear leg 202 pivot the treads 206 until they stand horizontally when the handlebars strike the front bars 203 and the legs are maximal are spread, and that conversely when folding the maximally spread legs the handlebars 211 are returned and the steps 206 are turned back.
  • the handlebars 211 lie against the front bars 203 even when the ladder is folded, the treads 222 lying in one plane. In this position, the ladder has a minimal space requirement.
  • the step shown in FIG. 6 is a modification of the steps 206.
  • This modified embodiment which can be provided for the ladder according to FIGS. 1 to 5 instead of the steps 206, consists, as shown, of two or more same tread parts 250, which are attached to two horizontal and parallel, round rung bars 252 and 254 so that they do not form any gaps.
  • the lower rung bars 252 are there at the front Holmen stored where the points 218 are in the first embodiment. Accordingly, the higher rung bars 254 are mounted on the handlebars where the locations 226 are in the first embodiment.
  • tread parts 250 of the same step are covered with a continuous rubber mat 256.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 show a supplement to the first exemplary embodiment by a tray bracket 258.
  • the tray bracket 258 consists essentially of two straight, parallel. Cantilever arms 260 and from a flat, rectangular, flat, that is plate-shaped tray 262, the front edge 264 of which is rolled up and receives a pivot axis: 266, both ends of which are each supported on a cantilever arm 260.
  • the two cantilever arms 260 each have a tab 268 which projects at a right angle and flanks the front tablet edge 264 at its two ends. Outside of its front edge 264, the tray 262 extends in the direction parallel to the edge beyond both edge ends, in each case by a piece that corresponds at least to the thickness of the tabs 268. The supernatant. serves as a stop for the tray 262 on the extension arm 260.
  • the two extension arms 260 are articulated at a maximum distance from one another on the upper ends of the rear leg spars 204, so that they can be pivoted together about a horizontal axis.
  • the tray bracket 258 can be locked in that the tray 262 which does not support the.
  • hinged ends of the two cantilever arms 260 can be brought into engagement with a respective locking bolt 274, which is attached to the upper end of each rear spar 203, projecting laterally outwards, thanks to its fork-shaped design and two rotary and sliding joints 272 with the common axis 270.
  • its tray 262 is between a horizontal provision, which is shown in FIG.
  • the other end position of the tray bracket 258 assumed before and after use with downward orientation, which is achieved after the tray bracket has been pivoted downwards, is determined by the contact of the edge 264 of the tray 262 in its retracted position on the two rear bars 203. In both end positions of the tray bracket 258, the tray 262 cannot leave its retracted position on its own, since it is held in this position by its own weight against the two extension arms 260.
  • the two legs 301 and 302 of the second exemplary embodiment of a fixed ladder shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 each have two bars 303 and 304 and are pivotally connected to one another in the region of the upper end of the bars.
  • the bars 304 are connected to one another at a distance from their lower end which forms the standing surface by a plate-shaped cross member 305, so that the leg 302 has sufficient stability.
  • step steps 306 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the legs at equal intervals, which, as shown in FIG. 9, extend from one spar of the leg 301 to the other.
  • the treads 306, which are all of the same design, are made of sheet metal, for reasons of weight, of an aluminum sheet.
  • the sheet is folded down on all four sides of the rectangular tread, which not only ensures high rigidity and stability of the steps even when using a relatively thin sheet, but also has a bearing cheek on each side.
  • the uppermost step is mounted approximately in the middle between its front and rear edge on the axis 318 connecting the two legs.
  • this axis is formed by a continuous rod:
  • two bearing journals aligned with one another could also be provided.
  • the two remaining steps 306, like the uppermost step, are pivotally mounted in the leg 301.
  • their bearing points, as shown in FIG. 9, are offset to different degrees relative to the bearing point of the uppermost step towards the rear step edge, so that the slope of the stairs formed by steps 306 is less than the slope of the leg 301 with the maximum spread of both Leg.
  • This maximum spreading angle and the height difference between two successive steps and the step depth are chosen so that in the use position there is a position of the steps as is usual with stairs.
  • the protrusion of the step 306 forward over the spars 303 from top to bottom, it is also achieved that the lower end of these spars does not protrude or does not protrude significantly beyond the lowest step. Furthermore, the smaller overhang of the uppermost step compared to the other steps reduces the length of the ladder in the folded state.
  • the bearing points 316 are selected in the region of the bearing cheeks so that each link 311 rests against the front of the spar 303 with which the legs 301, 302 are maximally spread, while keeping the tread of the steps 306 in a horizontal position when the ladder is on a horizontal surface.
  • the bearing capacity and stability of the leg 301 is increased by this arrangement of the links 311 on the bars 303.
  • the bars 303 and the handlebars 311 can therefore be relatively thin-walled aluminum profiles. This also applies to the bars 304, the width of which is selected such that, as shown in FIG. 10, when the ladder is folded, the bars 303 and the handlebars 311 also in contact with them in this position and the steps 306 do not protrude forwards or backwards .
  • the handlebars 311 only need to extend from the top to the bottom step 306. However, for aesthetic reasons, they can also be led to the lower end of the spars 303, which is indicated in FIG. 9 by dashed lines. It should be ensured, however, that the spars 303 and not the handlebars 311 form the base.
  • a pivot lever 315 is provided on each side of the ladder.
  • these two pivot levers 315 serve to positively limit the spreadability of the two legs 301 and 302 to the maximum spread angle.
  • the pivot levers 315 are double-armed levers, the two arms 315 'and 315 "of different lengths enclosing an obtuse angle in the use position of the ladder.
  • the leg 301 lies between the one and the other shorter arm 315 ', and the two longer arms 315 "engage between the bars 304 of the leg 302.
  • the two pivot levers 315 are mounted on the pivot axis connecting the middle step 306 with the spars 303, and for the articulation of the
  • the free end of its shorter arm 315 'on the handlebar is provided with the pin 317 connecting it to the step. 11, this pin 317 is firmly connected to the handlebar 315 at one end. When installed, it passes through holes in the handlebars and the bearing cheek of the middle step, which are aligned with one another.
  • the frictional torque between the two pivot levers 315 and the bars 303 adjustable.
  • the pivot axis of the middle step 306 is designed as a continuous rod 319, which is firmly connected at both ends to the bars 303 and a central one. Has blind hole with internal thread.
  • a screw 321 forming the bearing pin for the pivot lever 315 is screwed into this internal thread, on which, as shown in FIG. 11, a spring ring 323 resting on the screw head and two washers 325 are arranged, which rest on one or the other side of the pivot lever 315 .
  • a caster 327 is cantilevered, which protrudes outward from the pivot lever and engages in an inwardly open guide groove 304 'of the hollow profile rod from which the bars 304 of the leg 302 are made Unfolding and collapsing the conductors, the rollers 327 move in the guide grooves 304 'which extend in the longitudinal direction of the bars 304.
  • it is not necessary to limit the displaceability of the rollers in the longitudinal direction of the groove for the purpose of limiting the spreading angle of the legs because the two pivot levers cannot carry out any further pivoting movement relative to the bars 303 when the links 311 are in contact with them.
  • the spreading angle of the legs cannot therefore be increased beyond the size shown in Fig. 9, because this requires a further pivoting movement of the pivoting lever 315 counterclockwise the axis defined by screw 321 would be necessary.
  • the third exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12 corresponds, as a comparison with FIG. 9 shows, in essential features to the second exemplary embodiment.
  • Corresponding parts are therefore identified by reference numerals 100 times larger, and the following explanation is limited to the different features. With regard to the other features, reference is made to the explanations relating to the second exemplary embodiment.
  • the identically designed steps 406 are all connected to the bars 404 of the leg 401 and the handlebars 411 in such a way that they have the same projection over the handlebars 411 in the use position of the ladder.
  • they could also have the staggered arrangement shown in FIG. 9, as on the other hand the treads 306 of the second exemplary embodiment could all have the same protrusion over the handlebars 311
  • From one to the other spar extending rod or tubular axis is provided, of which the one that carries the top step also forms the articulated axis 418 of the step ladder, it is sufficient to step the steps 406 with the two links 411 and the latter with one of each to connect both swivel levers 415 with the help of a rivet.
  • each of the two pivot levers 415 which, as in the second exemplary embodiment, are designed as a double-armed lever , the two arms 415 'and 415 "of which form an obtuse angle which is open at the bottom and are articulated at the end of the end pointing towards the leg 402 to the one end of an intermediate lever 426, the other end of which is articulated on the inside of the notable bar 404.
  • This articulation point is chosen so that the arm 415 "and the intermediate lever 426 form an obtuse, upwardly open angle when the two legs 401 and.
  • FIG. 13 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the fixed ladder according to the invention.
  • This exemplary embodiment differs from the exemplary embodiments already described in that the spars 504 forming the rear leg 502 are extended beyond the connection point with the spars 503 of the front leg 501. These extensions form a handle that the user can hold onto the ladder. The upper end of the extensions is therefore connected by a cross bar.
  • a tray could also be attached to the extensions, as shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the design of the treads, their connection with the bars 503 and the handlebars 511 and the inclination of the front leg 501 with maximum spread and the height difference between two successive treads as well as the depth or tread width of the treads is chosen as in the previously described exemplary embodiments, which is why reference is made to the comments on these exemplary embodiments.
  • the connection of the two legs 501 and 502 by means of a pivot lever 515 on each conductor side is basically the same as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12.
  • the two pivot levers 515 of the same design are double-armed levers which are pivotally mounted on one of the axes 521 and which pivotally connect the steps 506 ′ to the bars 503.
  • One arm of the pivot lever 515 extends from this bearing point to the articulation point, which connects the associated step to the handlebar 511 in an articulated manner.
  • the other arm is divided into two articulated sections so that it does not require a slot-and-pin guide and its distal end is articulated on the spar 504 of the rear leg 502.
  • this arm rigidly and to provide a pin at its distal end which engages in a guide groove of the spar 504.
  • each of the two spars 503 of the front leg 501 is articulated to a connecting strap 531 which is fastened to the associated spar 504 of the rear leg and extends as far from it extends to the front, that when the two legs are parallel, there is a distance between the spars 503 and 504 that excludes the risk of being crushed.
  • This distance is maintained in the area of the lower end of the two legs by a crosspiece 505, which projects to an appropriate extent beyond the side of the spars 504 of the rear leg facing the front leg and serves as a stop for the spars 503 of the front leg.
  • the crossbar also stiffens the rear leg 502.

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  • Ladders (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Echelle double dont l'une, au moins, des deux branches (201, 202, 301, 302, 401, 402), qui sont articulées l'une à l'autre autour d'un axe (218, 318, 418) dans la région de leur extrémité supérieure, qui comprend des traverses formant des marchepieds, supporées par des montants (203, 303, 403) et espacées entre elles dans le sens de l'axelongitudinal des dits montants qui, lorsque lesdites branches sont écartées au maximum et que les surfaces d'appui de l'échelle reposant sur un plan horizontal, constituent des marches plates (206, 306, 406), situées dans des plans horizontaux pouvant tourner autour d'aces mutuellement parallèles (218, 226), qui sont reliées aux montants, ainsi qu'à des ferrures (211, 311, 411) limitant l'amplitude du mouvement de pivotement desdites marches dans une certaine direction en venant s'appliquer contre le montant correspondant, la disposition étant telle que, quand on monte sur les marches, on crée un mouvement de rotation dans le sens tendant à rapprocher les ferrures des montants en provoquant un dépassement des marches du côté opposé à l'autre branche, caractérisé en ce que lorsque les branches (201, 202, 301, 302, 401, 402) de l'échelle sont écartées au maximum, la section des ferrures (211,311,411 ) voisine des montants (203, 303, 403, 503) s'applique sur toute leur longueur contre ces derniers, en ce que la surface portante des marches, ainsi que la différence de hauteurs entre les deux marches successives, sont situées dans les limites en usage pour les escaliers fixes, tandis que le quotient de la différence de hauteurs et de ladite surface portante est compris approcimativement entre 0,44 et 0,77, la disposition étant telle que, quand les branches ont été refermées, elles ne dépassent pas sur les côtés montants et ont tourné de façon à positionner les ferrures, tandis que leurs surfaces portantes (22) sont dans un même plan.
2. Echelle double, selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les ferrures (211,411,511) sont montées devant la face antérieure des montants (303, 403, 503) qui est à l'opposé de l'autre branche (302,402,502).
3. Echelle double selon la- revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les ferrures (211, 311, 411, 511) se terminent à une certaine distance de l'extrérnité inférieure des montants (203, 303, 403, 503), de préférence, de la marche inférieure (206, 306, 408, 506).
4. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la mesure dans laquelle les marches (306) dépassent la face antérieure des montants (303) qui les supportent, va en augmentant de la marche supérieure à la marche inférieure.
'S. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la mesure dans laquelle, au moins, la marche inférieure (306, 406, 506) depasse la face antérieure des montants (303, 403, 503) qui la supportent, est au moins égale à la moitié de la profondeur ou de la largeur de ladite marche.
6. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que, lorsque les branches (201, 202, 301, 302, 401, 402) sont écartées au maximum, les montants (203, 303, 403) et les ferrures (211, 311, 411) s'etendent, tout au plus, jusqu'à un plan défini par la surface portante de la marche supérieure (206, 306, 406).
7. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les montants (204, 504) de l'une (202, 502) des deux branches comportent respectivement un prolongement (260) s'étendant au-delà de la marche supérieure (206,506).
8. Echelle double selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le prolongement (260) est d'une pièce avec les montants (504).
9. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les montants (203,303, 403) supportant les marches (206, 306, 406) et les ferrures (211, 311, 411), lorsque les branches sont écartées au maximum, sont situés avec leur section d'extrémité supérieure, et dans le cas d'une position parallèle des deux branches, sur toute leur longueur entre les montants (204, 304, 404) de l'autre branche (202, 302, 402).
10. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que chacune des deux ferrures (211) est reliée, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de guidage à fente et tourillon respectivement, à l'un des deux montants (204) de l'autre branche (202).
11. Echelle double selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que, au moins, sur l'un des montants (303, 403, 503) supportant les marches (306, 406, 506) est monté à pivotement un levier d'articulation à deux branches (315, 415, 515) pouvant tourner autour d'un axe (318,418) parallèle à l'axe des branches, dont l'une des branches (315', 415') est articulée à la ferrure (311, 411, 511) associée au montant et dont l'autre branche (315", 415") est en liaison avec le montant (304, 404, 504) situé du même côté de l'échelle de l'autre branche (302, 402, 502).
12. Echelle double selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le levier d'articulation (315) s'engage, au moyen d'un organe d'entraînement (327), dans une fente de guidage (304') de l'autre branche (302).
13. Echelle double selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le levier d'articulation (415, 515) est articulé à l'une des extrémités d'un levier intermédiaire (426) dont l'autre extrémité est articulée au montant (404, 504) de l'autre branche (402,502).
14. Echelle double selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisée en ce que le levier d'articulation (315, 415, 515) est monté sur l'un des axes reliant les marches (306, 406, 506) aux montants (303, 403, 503) et en ce que la branche du levier d'articulation qui est articulée à la ferrure (311, 411, 511) est reliée à pivotement, au moyen de l'axe (316) reliant cette marche à la ferrure, à ladite ferrure (311, 411, 511 ).
15. Echelle double selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que l'une, au moins, des deux liaisons du levier d'articulation (315) avec la ferrure (311) ou avec le montant (303) possède un moment de friction réglable.
EP81100404A 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Escabeau Expired EP0033475B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100404T ATE5493T1 (de) 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Bockleiter.

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3003854 1980-02-02
DE19803003854 DE3003854A1 (de) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 Bockleiter
DE19808002726 DE8002726U1 (de) 1980-02-02 1980-02-02 Bockleiter
DE3019345 1980-05-21
DE19803019345 DE3019345A1 (de) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 Bockleiter
DE19808013669 DE8013669U1 (de) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 Bockleiter
DE19808025544 DE8025544U1 (de) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 Bockleiter
DE19803035955 DE3035955C2 (de) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 Bockleiter
DE3035955 1980-09-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033475A1 EP0033475A1 (fr) 1981-08-12
EP0033475B1 true EP0033475B1 (fr) 1983-11-30
EP0033475B2 EP0033475B2 (fr) 1989-05-03

Family

ID=35311348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81100404A Expired EP0033475B2 (fr) 1980-02-02 1981-01-21 Escabeau

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4421206A (fr)
EP (1) EP0033475B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6337237B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1138392A (fr)
WO (1) WO1981002322A1 (fr)

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CN109230136A (zh) * 2018-09-22 2019-01-18 徐州对河建材有限公司 一种便于建材运输的设备

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US4502564A (en) * 1982-04-06 1985-03-05 Kuemmerlin Walter Stepladder
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US4959935A (en) * 1989-09-25 1990-10-02 Stob H Richard Adjustable stairway
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US5584357A (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-12-17 Gugel; Leslie H. Ladder
US6256946B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2001-07-10 Jack Kennedy Metal Products And Buildings, Inc. Adjustable stairway for use with an overcast in a mine
US6527081B1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2003-03-04 Aluminum Ladder Company, Embankment stairway
TWI268133B (en) * 2004-12-29 2006-12-01 Giga Byte Tech Co Ltd Adjustable base
US20090211845A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Patrick Hoffman Lockable folding stairs
US8701831B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2014-04-22 Wing Enterprises, Inc. Stepladders and related methods
US8485316B2 (en) * 2009-04-03 2013-07-16 Lock N Climb, Llc Collapsible safe ladder
US20110017548A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2011-01-27 Jeffrey Green Collapsible safe ladder
USD665927S1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2012-08-21 Core Distribution, Inc. Metal and wood step ladder
USD745191S1 (en) 2014-05-27 2015-12-08 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder
CN104120969B (zh) * 2014-07-09 2016-04-13 苏州万图明电子软件有限公司 一种可折叠爬梯
JP6462268B2 (ja) * 2014-08-11 2019-01-30 アルインコ株式会社 脚立式作業台

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4421206A (en) 1983-12-20
EP0033475A1 (fr) 1981-08-12
JPS6337237B2 (fr) 1988-07-25
CA1138392A (fr) 1982-12-28
WO1981002322A1 (fr) 1981-08-20
JPS57500032A (fr) 1982-01-07
EP0033475B2 (fr) 1989-05-03

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