DE845226C - Schmiermittel - Google Patents
SchmiermittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE845226C DE845226C DEP41945D DEP0041945D DE845226C DE 845226 C DE845226 C DE 845226C DE P41945 D DEP41945 D DE P41945D DE P0041945 D DEP0041945 D DE P0041945D DE 845226 C DE845226 C DE 845226C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lubricants
- additives
- lubricant
- atom
- phosphonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 alkyl phosphite Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- PMTJKESEUJJKOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[butoxy(3-chloropropyl)phosphoryl]oxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(CCCCl)OCCCC PMTJKESEUJJKOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PMIGJHGQHKWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)=O.ClC(Cl)Cl Chemical compound P(O)(O)=O.ClC(Cl)Cl PMIGJHGQHKWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OCCCC)OCCCC XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoform Chemical compound BrC(Br)Br DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetaldehyde Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C=O HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FICPQAZLPKLOLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyl phosphite Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OP(OC1CCCCC1)OC1CCCCC1 FICPQAZLPKLOLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MPXYHFPQDPRCNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(ethylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCSP(SCC)SCC MPXYHFPQDPRCNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQAMFNQVNXPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diiodoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(I)I BQAMFNQVNXPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWNKSTSCBHKHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl RWNKSTSCBHKHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229950005228 bromoform Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- SIEILFNCEFEENQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Br)Br SIEILFNCEFEENQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoform Chemical compound IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZJYIVQQAVUHTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichlorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl ZJYIVQQAVUHTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKYZQUHZKDCACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dibutoxyphosphoryloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC AKYZQUHZKDCACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTGSYRVSBPFKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tribromoacetaldehyde Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)C=O YTGSYRVSBPFKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWHZZMHPRRFPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-triiodoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(I)(I)I WWHZZMHPRRFPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Chemical compound ClCCOCCCl ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXEWNRXMZQXUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CCOP(O)O Chemical class CC(C)CCOP(O)O GXEWNRXMZQXUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dalapon Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)=O NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVLCPXMWJKSENT-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)O.[SeH2] Chemical compound OP(O)O.[SeH2] IVLCPXMWJKSENT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCMRCSJEWZSQMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)=O.C(CCC)C(C(C)Cl)CCCC Chemical compound P(O)(O)=O.C(CCC)C(C(C)Cl)CCCC SCMRCSJEWZSQMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005819 Potassium phosphonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri-allate Chemical group CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(=O)SCC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl MWBPRDONLNQCFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valeric acid Natural products CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical compound [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005119 alkyl cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000729 antidote Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075522 antidotes Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCXITXWGOBNYFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethylsulfanyl)phosphinous acid Chemical compound CCSP(O)SCC MCXITXWGOBNYFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical group [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOSPDKSZPPFOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical class CCCCOP(O)O OOSPDKSZPPFOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJGJQVRXEUVAFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroiodomethane Chemical compound ClCI PJGJQVRXEUVAFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromomethane Chemical compound BrCBr FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SJMLNDPIJZBEKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl SJMLNDPIJZBEKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOQNJVLFFRMJTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC QOQNJVLFFRMJTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUVNJONFSNDKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(cyclohexylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1SP(SC1CCCCC1)SC1CCCCC1 SVUVNJONFSNDKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphite Chemical compound C=CCOP(OCC=C)OCC=C KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/40—Esters thereof
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- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezie'ht sich auf Schmiermittel, wie natürliche und synthetische
Schmiermittel, Emulsionen, wässerige Lösungen und organische und/oder anorganische Stoffe,
welche für die Verwendung als Schmiermittel durch Zusatz von unten näher gekennzeichneten halogenhaltigen
Phosphonaten geeignet gemacht oder verbessert werden können. Hierdurch werden sie zur
Verwendung bei Höchstdrücken geeignet gemacht, und die Zusätze wirken als Gegenmittel gegen Abnutzung
und Verschmutzung sowie als Oxydationsund Korrosionsverhinderungsmittel.
Es ist bekannt, daß viele Schmiermittel, auch solche mit Verbesserungszusätzen, dazu neigen, bei
der Verwendung zu oxydieren und Korrosionsstoffe und Schlamm zu bilden. Zersetzungsprodukte sind
harte kohlenstoffhaltige Stoffe, die an Metallflächen anhaften und ein Zerkratzen und Verschrammen der
beweglichen Metallteile sowie das Kleben der Ventile und Kolbenringe in den Maschinen bewirken.
Mit den bisher bekannten Schmiermitteln gelingt es ferner im allgemeinen nicht, einen kontinuierlichen·
Schmierfilm zwischen beweglichen Teilen aufrechtzuerhalten, so daß die Metallteile nach und nach
oder auch schnell abgenutzt werden. Die dadurc'h herbeigeführte Beschädigung erfordert den Ersatz
solcher Teile oder sogar ein vollständiges Überholen der Maschinen und führt dementsprechend zu kostspieligen
Produktions- und Zeitverlusten.
Im Fall von nicht korrodierenden stabilen Schmierölen bester Qualität, die für Spezialanwendungen
hoch raffiniert worden sind, oder im
Fall von synthetischen Schmiermitteln, die für Spezialfälle entwickelt wurden, hat man festgestellt,
daß diese öle oder Schmiermittel in der Regel sehr leicht oxydieren und sich zersetzen und selbst unter
gewöhnlichen Betriebsbedingungen fortschreitend korrodierend wirken.
Es ist gebräuchlich geworden, zur Verbesserung der Schmiereigenschaften von ölen und synthetischen
Schmiermitteln einen Zusatz oder in den ίο meisten Fällen mehrere Zusätze zu verwenden, und
zwar Zusätze, die die Zersetzung der Schmiermittel verhindern und ihnen gewisse günstige Eigenschaften verleihen. So sind spezielle Zusätze vorgeschlagen
worden, die die Korrosion von Legierungen für Lager, wie Kupfer-Blei, Kadmium-Silber, verhindern.Es
wurden ferner Zusätze entwickelt, welche die durch Zersetzung der Schmiermittel auf den KoI-l
>enstangen, Ringen und Ventilen und auf anderen Metallteilen von Verbrennungsmaschinen, Automobil-
und Traktormaschinen, Flugzeugmotor^en, schnell laufenden Dieselmaschinen u. dgl. gebildeten
kohlenstoffhaltigen Stoffe so modifizieren, daß sie leicht entfernt werden können, wodurch die Neigung
der Maschinenteile zum Festfressen, zum Verkleben as von Kolbenringen, Verschrammen von Koll>en usw.
verringert wird.
Andere Zusätze wurden entwickelt, die als Reinigungsmittel in den Schmiermitteln dienen und bei
der Entfernung von Ruß oder Schlamm, Firnis und Lack helfen. Abnutzung verhindernde Zusätze setzen
die Reibung beweglicher Teile aus verschiedenen Metallen herab. Infolge der Wirkung dieser Zusätze
oder der durch diese Zusätze den Schmiermitteln verliehenen Eigenschaften kann die durch direkten
Reibungskontakt der Metalle bewirkte Abnutzung wesentlich herabgesetzt werden. Es sind auch Zusätze
entwickelt worden, welche die Schmiermittel für die Arbeit bei Höchstdrucken besonders geeignet
machen, die Verunreinigungen dispergieren, gewisse andere Zusätze löslich machen usw.
Die meisten, wenn nicht alle Zusätze, wirken im wesentlichen nur in einer speziellen Richtung. Sehr
wenige Schmiermittelzusätze haben die Fähigkeit, das Schmiermittel in mehr als nur in einer Richtung
zu verbessern. In vielen Fällen stellte sich heraus, daß ein Zusatz sehr gute Eigenschaften in der einen
Richtung besitzt, aber Anlaß zur Bildung schädlicher Stoffe gibt und daher in anderer Richtung als
Zusatz schädlich ist. Man braucht daher häufig weitere Zusätze, um ein gutes beständiges Schmiermittel
zu bekommen. Es ist dabei schwierig, eine Kombination von Zusätzen herauszufinden, bei der
jeder Zusatz seinen Einfluß ohne Störung der Wirkung der anderen Zusätze ausübt. Um dies zu verhindern,
muß man die Zusätze sehr sorgfältig aussuchen, sie in ganz bestimmten Mengenanteilen
mischen, sie ständig überwachen und Zusätze, die nicht mehr wirken oder sich zersetzt haben, ersetzen.
Zusätze für Schmiermittel, die für industrielle Zwecke, wie beispielsweise für Schneid-, Zieh-,
Härte- und Walzverfahren angewendet werden, müssen diesen Schmiermitteln die Fähigkeit verleihen,
einen haltbaren Film zu 'bilden, nichtkorrodierend und reinigend zu wirken und den Sc'hmiermittelgrundstofr
beim Kühleu und Schmieren zu unterstützen.
Erfindungsgemäß weiden die Schmiereigenschaften von Schmierstoffen, auch zusammengesetzten
oder mit Verbesserungszusätzen versehenen Schmiermitteln, dadurch verbessert, daß man ihnen
einen kleineren Anteil eines vielseitig wirksamen Stoffes beifügt. Es liegt ferner im Rahmen der Erfindung,
öligen Stoffen, organischen oder anorganischen Schmiermitteln, mineralischen Schmierölen,
synthetischen Schmiermitteln 11. dgl. diese vielseitig
wirksamen Stoffe zuzusetzen. Diese Stoffe verhindern die Oxydation und Korrosion sowie die
Bildung von Schlamm, Firnis und Lack in den genannten Schmiermitteln selbst l>ei ungünstigen
Betriebsbedingungen, wie auch das durch Zersetzung des Schmiermittels bewirkte K!et>en der Kolbenringe
oder anderer Maschinenteile. Die Zusätze verhüten die Abnutzung, das Verschrammen, Zerkratzen und
andere Beschädigungen von Maschinenteilen. Sie können auch die Schmier- und Kü'hleigenschaften
von Schmiermitteln l>ei Schneid-, Abschreck-, Zieh- und Walzverfahren ver1x?ssern. Erfindungsgemäß
werden auch neue vielseitig wirksame verbessernde Zusätze für Schmiermittelgrundlageh vorgeschlagen.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend dargelegt, \vol>ei die Erfindung jedoch
nicht auf die wenigen im einzelnen erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt sein soll. Diese Ausführungsbeispiele
dienen nur zur Erläuterung des Erfindungsgedankens.
Allgemein gesagt betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel
R,
■R,
als Zusatzstoffe für Schmiermittel. Diese Zusatzstoffe erhält man durch Umsetzung einer polyhalogenierten
organischen Verbindung der Formel R4D, wobei R4 ein halogeniertes nicht aromatisches
Radikal ist, welches an ein Halogen D gebunden ist. mit einer phosphorhaltigen Verbindung einer der
nachfolgenden Strukturen.
R3
-R2 | R1-P- | -Ro | M X |
|
oder X j |
(Formel X |
I) | J1-P-R2 | |
R1-P- | II) | R1-P-R | 2 = I | |
M | M | |||
(Formel | ||||
Jn diesen Formeln l>edeuten M ein Metall,
X Sauerstoff, Schwefel, Selen oder Tellur, R3 ein organisches Radikal, welches mit X durch ι Kohlenstoffatom
verbunden ist, und R1 und R, sind organische
nicht aromatische Radikale, die mit dem P-Atom über ein X-Atom verbunden sind. Die
organischen Radikale R1, R2 und R3 können substituierende
polare Gruppen, wie beispielsweise OH, Cl, SH, SO3H, NH2, XO2, haben.
ίο Die Umsetzungsprodukte können durch bekannte
Verfahren weiter zu Derivaten umgesetzt werden, t>ei denen ein oder Ixnde Radikale R1 und R9 durch
andere Gruppen ersetzt werden, beispielsweise durch Gruppen XM, wobei für X und M die oben
gegebene Definition gilt.
Das gewonnene Reaktionsprodukt muß zumindest eine P-C-Gruppe und zumindest ein, vorzugsweise
mehrere Halogenatome besitzen, die um nicht mehr als 4, vorzugsweise durch nur 1 Kohlenstoffatom,
von dem Phosphoratom getrennt sind. Sitzen jedoch an dem letzten Kohlenstoffatom 3 gegebenenfalls
verschiedene Halogene, so kann die Kohlenstoffkette l>eliebig lang sein.
Sind ein oder ixMde Radikale R1 und/oder R2
durch das Radikal XM, wie zuvor definiert, ersetzt, so kann das Metall M so ausgewählt werden, daß es
die Löslichkeit des Reaktionsproduktes in den Schmiermitteln unterstützt. Es sind mehrwertige
Metalle vorzuziehen, falls das Reaktionsprodukt als Zusatz zu natürlichen oder synthetischen ölen zugesetzt
werden soll, während einwertige Metalle dann vorzuziehen sind, wenn das Reaktionsprodukt
zu Emulsionen oder wässerigen Medien zugesetzt wird.
Für das Metall M in der durch die Formel II angedeuteten Ausgangskomponente zur Herstellung
der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Schmiermittelzusätze kommen die folgenden Metalle in Betracht:
Grujjjx; I = Lithium, Natrium, Kalium, Rubidium,
Cäsium;
Grui)]K'II = Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Beryllium,
Magnesium, Zink, Kadmium;
Grup|>e III = Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium;
Grupjx; IV = Titan, Zirkon, Zinn, Blei;
Gruppe V = Wismut;
Gruppe VI = Chrom, Molybdän;
Gruppe VII = Mangan;
Gruppe VNI = Eisen. Kobalt, Nickel.
Gruppe VNI = Eisen. Kobalt, Nickel.
In den obigen Formeln können R1 und R2 das
gleiche oder verschiedene Radikale bedeuten, insl >esondere Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Alkylcycloalkyl-,
Alkoxyl- usw. Gruppen. Als spezielle Beispiele werden die folgenden genannt: Methyl-, Aethy^-,
Butyl-, Amyl-, Octyl-, Stearyl-, Allyl-, Oleyl-,
Cyclopentyl-, Cyclohexyl-, Cycloheptyl-, Cyelohexyläthyl-,
Cyclohexylamyl-, Cyclohexylbutyl-, Methylcyclohexyl-, Äthylcyclohexyl-, Amylcyctohexyl-,
Cetylcyclohexyl-, Methyleyclohexylamyl-, Methvlcyclohexyllaurvl-, Stearoyläthyl-, Lauroxyläthyl-Gruppen.
.:.:.· -.
Von den besonders bevorzugten Phosphitestern j seien genannt: Di- und Triäthylp'hosphit; Di- und
Tributylphosphit; Di- und Trioctylphosphit; Di-J und Tricvclohexylphosphit; gemischte Isoamyl-[hosphite,
gemischte n-Butylphosphite; die Di- und Trithio- oder Seleno- oder Tellurotriorganophosphite
oder deren Mischungen. Von diesen Estern werden die Di- und Triäfhyl-, Di- und Tributyl- und
Di- und Triamylester der phosphorigen, di- und trithiophosphorigen Säuren besonders bevorzugt.
Werden Dialkylphosphite verwendet, so müssen sie vor der Reaktion mit der polyhalogenierten organischen
Verbindung R4D erst in das Metallsalz (Formel II) verwandelt werden.
Jede der genannten phosphorhaltigen Verbindun- · gen kann mit einer polyhalogenierten organischen Verbindung, wie solche im folgenden aufgeführt sind, zur Reaktion gebracht werden unter Bildung der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden organischen Phosphorverbindungen mit einer P-C-Bindung. Geeignet sind zum Beispiel: Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, Chloroform, Methylenchlorid, Kohlenstofftetrabromid, Bromoform, Methylenbromid, Jodoform, Methylenchlorjodid, Hexachloräthan, Di- und Trichloräthan, polyhalogenierte Fettsäuren, bei welchen die Halogenradi'kale vorzugsweise in a- oder /3-Stellung gebunden sind. Spezielle Verbindungen sind: Dichloressigsäure, Trichloressigsäure, α, α-Dichlorpropionsäure, α, α, β, β - Tetrachlorpropionsäure, α, /J-Dichlorpropionsäure, α, α-Dichlorbuttersäure, α. /MJichlorbuttersäure, α, α /J-Trichlorbuttersäure, α, /ί-Dichlorisobuttersäure, Dibromessigsäure, Tribrornessigsäure, a, et-Dichlorvaleriansäure, a, a-Dibromovaleriansäure, Dijodessigsäure, Trijodessigsäure, ß, /i-Dibrompropionsäure, «, a-Dichlorcaprylsäure, ferner polyhalogenierte Aldehyde, Ketone und Äther, wie Chloral, Bromal, Trichlorbutanon. Polvchlormethylisöbutyl-Keton, Dichloräthyläther.
Jede der genannten phosphorhaltigen Verbindun- · gen kann mit einer polyhalogenierten organischen Verbindung, wie solche im folgenden aufgeführt sind, zur Reaktion gebracht werden unter Bildung der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden organischen Phosphorverbindungen mit einer P-C-Bindung. Geeignet sind zum Beispiel: Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, Chloroform, Methylenchlorid, Kohlenstofftetrabromid, Bromoform, Methylenbromid, Jodoform, Methylenchlorjodid, Hexachloräthan, Di- und Trichloräthan, polyhalogenierte Fettsäuren, bei welchen die Halogenradi'kale vorzugsweise in a- oder /3-Stellung gebunden sind. Spezielle Verbindungen sind: Dichloressigsäure, Trichloressigsäure, α, α-Dichlorpropionsäure, α, α, β, β - Tetrachlorpropionsäure, α, /J-Dichlorpropionsäure, α, α-Dichlorbuttersäure, α. /MJichlorbuttersäure, α, α /J-Trichlorbuttersäure, α, /ί-Dichlorisobuttersäure, Dibromessigsäure, Tribrornessigsäure, a, et-Dichlorvaleriansäure, a, a-Dibromovaleriansäure, Dijodessigsäure, Trijodessigsäure, ß, /i-Dibrompropionsäure, «, a-Dichlorcaprylsäure, ferner polyhalogenierte Aldehyde, Ketone und Äther, wie Chloral, Bromal, Trichlorbutanon. Polvchlormethylisöbutyl-Keton, Dichloräthyläther.
Die Reaktion zwischen der Phosphorverbindung und den polyhalogenierten nicht aromatischen Verbindungen
zwecks Erzielung einer P-C-Bindung kann so durchgeführt werden, daß die beiden Stoffe
in solchen Verhältnissen gemischt werden, daß im allgemeinen die Halogenverbindung im Überschuß
vorhanden ist und daß dann unter Rückfluß erhitzt wird. Das gewünschte Reaktionsprodukt kann aus
der Mischung durch Destillation bei LTnterdruck entfernt werden.
Ein Reaktionsprodukt gemäß der Erfindung wurde in der Weise hergestellt, daß ungefähr 50 g
Triäthylphosphit mit ungefähr 250 ecm trockenen Kohlenstofftetrachlorid's unter Rückfluß erhitzt
wurden. Die sich bildende farblose Lösung wurde ' l>ei Unterdruck destilliert und ergab eine farblose
bewegliche Flüssigkeit, Diäthyltrichlormethanphosphonat, mit einem Siedepunkt von ungefähr
I2i°: bei 11 mm Drütk und na D 1.4628;
Etwa 50 g Tributylphösphit wurden mit etwa
1-50-£·■■ trockenen Kählenstdfftetrachlorids- ungefähr
24 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt, Es bildete sich
eine farblose Lösung, die bei Unterdruck destilliert Di-n-butyltrichlormethanphosphonat ergab, dessen
Siedepunkt zwischen ungefähr 150 und 1550 bei
5 mm Druck lag, n" 1-449©· '
Ungefähr 50 g Tributylphosphit wurden mit ungefähr 130 g i-Brom-3-ohlorpropan bei einer zwisehen
113 und ii8° liegenden Temperatur ungefähr
16 Stunden erhitzt. Man gewann als Reaktionsprodukt Dibutyl-3-chlorpropan-i-p'hosphonat. Dieses
Produkt hatte einen Siedepunkt von ungefähr 200 ° bei 2 mm Quecksilberdruck und einen Ref raktionsindex
n% von 1.4472.
Ungefähr 46 g Äthyltrichloracetat und ungefähr
40 g Triäthylphosphat wurden während ungefähr ao 5 Stunden auf ungefähr ioo° erhitzt. Das etwas
dunkel gefärbte Reaktionsprodukt
0 0
Il Il
a5 (C4H6O)2 = P — CCI4 — C — OC4H6
wurde im Vakuum destilliert und ergab eine wasserhelle Destillatfraktion mit einer Siedetemperatur
zwischen 108 und 109,5° bei 2 mm Quecksilberdruck
und einen Refraktionsindex η % von 1.4505.
B e i s ρ i e 1 V
Eine Mischung von sym-Dichlordiäthylätber und Tributylphosphit wurde ungefähr 16 Stunden auf
ungefähr 1550 erhitzt. Die Reaktion eTgab Dibutyl-(2-chloräthoxy)-2-äthan-i-phosphonat
mit einem Siedepunkt zwischen ungefähr 145 und 1470 bei
0,5 mm Druck und n% 1.4472.
Im folgenden werden andere in den Rahmen der Erfindung verwendbare Reaktionsprodukte aufgeführt.
Reaktionsprodukt von Diäthylnatriumphosp'hit mit Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, von Diäthylkaliumphosphit
mit Chloroform, von Diäthylnatriumphosphit mit Trichloressigsäure, von Tributylphosphit
mit Trichloressigsäure, von Triatnylphosphit mit Chloral, von Tricyclohexylphosphit mit Chloroform,
von Tricyclohexylphosphit mit Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, von Tricyclohexylphosphit mit Trichloressigsäure,
von Triäthyltrithiophosphit mit Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, von Triäthyltrithiophosphit
mit Trichloressigsäure, von Triäthyltrithiophosphit mit Chloral, von Tricyclohexyltrithiophosphit mit
Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, von Triäthylmonoselenphosphit mit Kohlenstofftetrachlorid, von Natrmm-
diäthyldithiophosphit mit Bromoform, vonTriamylmonothiophosphit
mit Kohlenstofftetrabromid und von Triallylphosphit mit Kohlenstofftetrachlorid.
Salze der Reaktionsprodukte gemäß der Erfindung können gebildet werden durch Behandlung
mit Metalloxyden, -hydroxyden, Carbonaten u. dgl.
Bevorzugt werden die Na-, Li-, K-, Ca-, Ba-, Sr-, Mg-, Zn-, Al-, Cr-, Co-, Ni-Salze der Reaktionsprodukte
nach der Erfindung. Die Schmierstoffe, denen erfindungsgemäß die Phosphonate zugesetzt
werden können, kann man in verschiedene Gruppen unterteilen. Die Schmierstoffe sollen vorzugsweise
nahezu neutral sein, können jedoch auch schwach sauer oder basisch sein; vorzugsweise sollten ihre
Dissoziationskonstanten nicht über ungefähr 10—8
liegen. Es können polare und nichtpolare Stoffe verwendet werden. Zu dtn ersteren gehören manche
synthetischen Schmiermittel, wie Polymere von Alkylenglykolen oder Alkylenoxyden oder Mischpolymere
derselben und organische Ester. Weiter Rönnen als polare Schmierstoffe die natürlichen
Fette, öle und Wachse genannt werden.
Unter den Schmierstoffen, die wenige oder keine Polarität besitzen, seien Kohlenwasserstoffe genannt,
wie Gasöl, Turbinenöl, Motorenöl, Schmieröle, die zwecks Bildung von Schmierfetten mit
Seifen vermischt sein können, Vaseline, Paraffine, Alkylnaphthalene. Wenn Erdöle verwendet werden,
ist es im allgemeinen empfehlenswert, sie durch Behandlung mit einem Lösungsmittel zu reinigen,
um Fremdstoffe zu entfernen.
Wie bereits aus dem Obigen hervorgeht, können auch synthetische Schmierstoffe verwendet werden.
Als Beispiele solcher synthetischen Schmierstoffe sei auf polymerisierte Olefine, Mischpolymere von
Alkylenglykolen und Alkylenoxyden, organische Ester, wie 2-Äthylhexylsebacat, Allyllaurat und
deren Polymere, Dioctylphthalat, Trioctylphosphat, polymeres Tetrahydrofuran, polymere Silicone
hingewiesen.
Auch können Mischungen aus synthetischen und natürlichen Schmiermitteln und ölen verwendet
werden.
Eine andere Klasse von Schmiermitteln, denen erfindungsgemäß die obengenannten Kondensationsprodukte zugesetzt werden können, sind Wasser-in-
öl- und Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen, die sich für verschiedene Anwendungen eignen, beispielsweise zum
Schmieren, Kühlen oder zur Verhinderung von Rostbildung.
Die Menge des erfindungsgemäß beizugebenden Zusatzes hängt von dem jeweiligen Schmierstoff
und dem Anwendungszweck der Mischung ab. Im allgemeinen wird der Zusatz in Mengen verwendet,
die zwischen 0,01 bis 20 °/o und mehr, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 bis io°/o, schwanken.
Die Schmiermittel gemäß d'er Erfindung wurden
in dem Vierkugel-Hochdruck-Schmiermittelprüfer, der nach dem gleichen Prinzip wie der in der
Zeitschrift »Engineering«, Bd. 136, vom 13. Juli 1933, beschriebenen Boerlage-Gerät arbeitet, auf
ihren Wert als Hochdruckschmiermittel geprüft. Das betreffende Gerät enthält vier Stahlkugeln, die
in Pyramidenform angeordnet sind. Die obere. Kugel
wird durch Spindeln in Anlage an die drei unteren Kugeln rotiert, welche letzteren in stationären
Kugelhaltern festgeklemmt sind. Die Kugeln werden in den Prüfstoff eingetaucht. Die Versuche wurden
unter den in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellten Bedingungen durchgeführt, und zwar als
Vergleichsversuche mit anderen besonders guten Höchstdruckstoffen.
Vierkugel-Hochdruck-Schmiermittelprüfer für Zusätze in SAE 90 öl.
Feststehende Bedingungen: Einminutenversuche hei 1500 Umdrehungen Stahl auf Stahl
Zusatz
Prozent | Cl | Haftlast | bis 50 | • | in kg | . . . | |
P | S | .gewöhnliche . | - 60 | ,30 | 25 | ||
_ | _ | " | 45 | - 80 | 20 bis | 40 | |
0,2 | — | 50 | - 80 | ■3? -■■ | 6o | ||
o,o6 ' | 0,2 | 60 | ■* 80 | 40 - | 60 | ||
0,03 | 1.53 | ■ | : 75 | - 180 | 55 - | ||
0,2 | 0,84 | 70 | - 120 | — | 100 | ||
0,24 | — | 0,68 | 160 | - 120 | 90 - | 100 | |
0,20 | — | 0,68 | UO | - I40 | 90 - | ||
0,02 | — | 0,24 | HO | — | 100 | ||
0,21 | — | I30 | 90 - | ||||
P2O5 behandeltes Rizinusöl.
1. Kein
2. Mit
3. Reaktionsprodukt von P2S5 und dem bei
der Herstellung von Isophoron erhaltenen
Destillationsrückstand
der Herstellung von Isophoron erhaltenen
Destillationsrückstand
4. Mit P2S5 behandeltes geschwefeltes fettes öl
5. Dibutyloctanphosphonat
6. CC^-Triäthylphosphit-Reaktior.sprodukt ..
7. CC^-Tributylphosphit-Reaktionsprodukt ..
8. Diäthyl-i.i.ß-trichlornonanphosphonat ...
9. Dibutylmonochlorpropanphosphonat
Die Vierkugelprüfung wurde wiederholt, um die Abnutzungswirkungen von 2 % des Reaktionsproduktes aus CCl4 und Triäthylphosphit (Kurve B)
auf SAE, 90 Zahnradöl festzustellen. Die Ergebnisse sind, in den Fig. I und II veranschaulicht,
ä>5 und zwar in Vergleich mit einem öl ohne Zusatz
(Kurve A). Die Abnutzung (mm) ist gegen die Belastung (kg) in iog-iog-Maßstab vom Gebiet der
Nichtaufnahme der unteren Kugeln bis zum Zusammenschweißen aufgetragen. Fig. I gibt die Resultate
der Versuche bei Raumtemperatur, Fig. II bei 130°. . .
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Reaktionsprodukte sind als Hochdruckmittel auch wirksam
in synthetischen Schmiermitteln. So wurden einem synthetischen Schmierstoff, der aus Di-(2-äthylhexyl)-sebacat
mit etwa 15% eines Verdickungsmittel, ein polymerer Ester der Acrylsäure, bestand,
verschiedene gut bekannte Hochdruckmittel in Mengen von ungefähr 1 °/o zugesetzt. Die
Schmiermittel wurden in dem Vierkugel-Hochdruckgerät geprüft und mit Schmiermitteln gemäß
der Erfindung verglichen, die aus dem gleichen synthetischen Grundstoff mit ungefähr 1 %>
CCl4 Tributylphosphit-Reaktionsprodukt bestanden. Die
Ergebnisse sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.
Vierkugel-Hochdruck-Schmiermittelprüfer für Zusätze in synthetischem Schmiermittel Di-(2-Äthylhexyl)-sebacat
plus i5°/o eines polymeren Esters der Akrylsäure
Feststehende Bedingungen: Einminutenversuche bei 1500 Umdrehungen Stahl auf Stahl bei gewöhnlicher
Temperatur
Zusätze
ι. C Cl4-Tributy]phosphit-Reaktions-
produkt
2. Di-2-äthylhexyl-/?, /S'-thiodibutyrat
3. Hexachlorbutadien
4. Geschwefeltes Walratöl
5. Keine
Belastungsfähigkeit (kg)
110 bis 120
40 - 50
40 - 50
40 - 50
40 - 50
40 - 50
40 - 50
40 - 50
40 - 50
Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung wurden auch , geprüft und mit handelsüblichen Produkten verglichen
in einem Prüfgerät für Zahnradschmiermittel, um ihre Wirksamkeit als hypoide Zahnradschmiermittel
zu prüfen. Das für die Versuche benutzte Zahnradschmiermittelprüfgerät besteht im ;,
wesentlichen aus zwei zueinander parallelen Wellen mit vier an deren Enderi befestigten,, geometrisch
gleichen Zahnrädern. Jedes Zahnradpaar wird in ein Zahnradgehäuse eingeführt,, das auch die Kugellager
der Wellen enthält. Die Zahnrad- und die „,
Lagerabteilungen sind öldicht gegeneinander abge- " schlossen. Eine der Wellen wird an einem Ende an
eine Belastungskupplung angeschlossen, am anderen Ende wird ein Drehmoment ausgeübt. Hierdurch
steht die andere Welle unter Torsion. Der auf die Wirksamkeit eines Schmiermittels zurückzuführende
Widerstand der Zahnräder gegen Einritzen wurde folgendermaßen geführt. Ein ■ Versuchsrad1
wurde eingelaufen und dann wachsenden Belastungen 10 Minuten lang in Gegenwart eines
Versuchsöls ausgesetzt. Die Zahnradzähne wurden nach jeder Steigerung der Belastung auf Einritzen
geprüft. Die Ergebnisse der Ritzversuche unter Verwendung verschiedener Schmiermittel
waren die folgenden:
Zahnradschmiermittelprüfmaschine unter Verwendung von SAE 90 Kohlenwasserstoff-Grundöl
Einritzen | Einritzen | |
Zusatz | auf der | auf der |
Kopffläche | Fußfläche | |
ι. 2% CC^-Triäthylphosphit- | ||
Reaktionsprodukt | 38,5 kg | l8,I kg |
2. Handelsübliches Zahnrad | ||
schmiermittel, enthaltend | ||
3,08 % Schwefel, 1,14 % | ||
Chlor und 1,62 % Blei | 27,2 kg | 13.6 kg |
Die Reaktionsprodukte gemäß der Erfindung können mit anderen Zusätzen kombiniert werden, beispielsweise
mit Fluoreszenzstoffen, Stockpunktserniedrigern, Viskositätsverbesserungsmitteln, Anti-
schaummitteln, Antioxydationsmitteln, Äntikörrosionsmitteln
und Antirostmittel^ Unter den speziellen Zusätzen für Schmierzwecke, die verwendet
werden können, seien weiter öllösliche Reinigungsmittel genannt, welche öllösliche Salze anorganischer
oder organischer Basen mit reinigungsmittelbildenden Säuren umfassen.
Ein ausgezeichneter metallhaltiger reinigend wirkender Stoff für die vorliegenden Zwecke ist das
Calciumsalz von öllösliche'n Erdölsulfonsäuren. Vorteilhaft ist dessen Anwesenheit in Mengen von
etwa 0,025 bis 0,2 %>
Sulfatasche. Auch Alkalisalze von Alkylphenolaldehydkondensationsprodukten
sind ausgezeichnet reinigend wirkende Stoffe.
Je nach dem zusätzlichen Zusatz und den Bedingungen,
unter denen er verwendet wird, können die Mengen zwischen 0,01 und 2°/o oder höher schwanken.
Wesentliche Verbesserungen werden erzielt, wenn man Mengen im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,5 °/o in Kombination
mit den Reaktionsprodukten gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet.
Claims (1)
- PATENTANSPRÜCHE:i. Schmiermittel, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt eines organischen halogenhaltigen Phosphonats der allgemeinen FormelR1-P-R1,worin X Sauerstoff, Schwefel, Selen oder Tellur l)edeutet, R1 und R2 die Radikale XM (M = Metalle) oder nicht aromatische organische Radikale bedeuten, die über 1 X-Atoni an das P-Atom gebunden sind, und R^ ein halogenhaltiges nicht aromatisches organisches Radikal ist, das direkt, durch 1 C-Atom an das P-Atorri gebunden ist, derart, daß entweder mindestens ι Halogenatom dieses Radikals um nicht mehr als 4 Kohlenstoffätoine von dem P-Atom entfernt ist oder daß 3 Halogenatome an dem endständigen Kohlenstoffatom dieses Radikals sitfeen.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurchgekennzeichnet, daß als Zusatzstoff ein Reaktionsprodukt eines polyhalogenierten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffs mit einem Alkylphosphit verwendet wird.3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Zusatzstoff ein Reaktionsprodukt aus einem Alkylphosphit und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff verwendet wird.4.-Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Zusatzstoffe Diäthyltrichlormethanphosphonat oder Dibutyltrichlormethanphosphonat oder Dibutyl-3-chlorpropan-i-phosphonat verwendet werden.Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen5267 7. Si
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US26228A US2573568A (en) | 1948-05-10 | 1948-05-10 | Lubricant composition containing dialkyl trihaloalkane phosphonate as an extreme pressure agent |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE845226C true DE845226C (de) | 1952-07-31 |
Family
ID=21830588
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEP41945D Expired DE845226C (de) | 1948-05-10 | 1949-05-07 | Schmiermittel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US2573568A (de) |
DE (1) | DE845226C (de) |
FR (1) | FR985853A (de) |
GB (1) | GB694563A (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE954244C (de) * | 1953-01-01 | 1956-12-13 | Farbenfbriken Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Derivaten aromatischer Phosphonsaeuren |
DE1058046B (de) * | 1956-06-06 | 1959-05-27 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von O, O-Dialkylthionophosphorsaeure-O-dichlorvinylestern |
DE1242228B (de) * | 1963-10-29 | 1967-06-15 | Pure Chem Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung halogenhaltiger organischer Phosphonate |
Families Citing this family (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2758091A (en) * | 1947-10-28 | 1956-08-07 | Shell Dev | Lubricating compositions |
US2708204A (en) * | 1950-08-11 | 1955-05-10 | Shell Dev | Halogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds |
US2683691A (en) * | 1951-08-18 | 1954-07-13 | Shell Dev | Extreme pressure lubricants |
DE1000364C2 (de) * | 1951-09-25 | 1957-06-19 | Ciba Geigy | Verfahren zur Herstellung von neuen, Halogen und Phosphor enthaltenden, organischen Verbindungen |
US2765331A (en) * | 1952-02-29 | 1956-10-02 | Shell Dev | Esters of phosphorus acids and process for the preparation of the same |
US3116201A (en) * | 1952-02-29 | 1963-12-31 | Shell Oil Co | Organo-phosphorus insecticide |
FR1079268A (fr) * | 1952-05-02 | 1954-11-29 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Compositions lubrifiantes |
DE943486C (de) * | 1952-06-21 | 1956-05-24 | Deutsche Erdoel Ag | Reversibles Universalschmierfett |
US2714100A (en) * | 1952-08-05 | 1955-07-26 | Victor Chemical Works | Diallyl monochloromethanephosphonate and polymers |
US2787629A (en) * | 1952-12-24 | 1957-04-02 | Eastman Kodak Co | Bis (chloromethane alkyl) phosphonic acid anhydrides |
US2784209A (en) * | 1952-12-24 | 1957-03-05 | Eastman Kodak Co | Reaction product of trialkyl phosphite and acetic anhydride |
DE1097445B (de) * | 1953-07-20 | 1961-01-19 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Monoamiden von Trihalogenmethanphosphonsaeuremonoestern |
US2815361A (en) * | 1953-07-20 | 1957-12-03 | Shell Dev | Phosphorus esters |
NL102633C (de) * | 1954-05-15 | |||
DE1114316B (de) * | 1954-08-23 | 1961-09-28 | Victor Chemical Works | Verfahren zum Weichmachen der thermoplastischen Kunststoffe |
US2841604A (en) * | 1954-08-23 | 1958-07-01 | Victor Chemical Works | Dialkyl monochloromethanephosphonate esters containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radicals |
US2765276A (en) * | 1955-05-19 | 1956-10-02 | Shell Dev | Lubricating compositions |
US2831881A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1958-04-22 | Shell Dev | Amine salts of trihalomethanephos-phonic and trihalomethanephos-phinic acids |
US3027296A (en) * | 1956-05-28 | 1962-03-27 | Shell Oil Co | Halogenated phosphorus esters |
US2938871A (en) * | 1956-12-24 | 1960-05-31 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Aviation gas turbine lubricants |
US2993859A (en) * | 1958-07-29 | 1961-07-25 | Texaco Inc | Synergistic extreme pressure agent and lubricant composition |
BE594249A (de) * | 1959-08-21 | |||
NL258478A (de) * | 1959-12-02 | |||
US3109816A (en) * | 1960-01-27 | 1963-11-05 | Ethyl Corp | New lubricants and lubricant additives |
US3161687A (en) * | 1960-09-06 | 1964-12-15 | Monsanto Co | Phosphine oxide polymers |
US3094405A (en) * | 1961-02-08 | 1963-06-18 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Defoliant methods using thio esters of chloromethyl phosphonous and chloromethyl phosphonic acids |
US3117908A (en) * | 1961-05-22 | 1964-01-14 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Phosphorous containing polychloropropenes as pesticides and method of preparation |
US3193570A (en) * | 1962-08-03 | 1965-07-06 | Standard Oil Co | Dialkyl trihalomethylphosphonateolefin adducts |
US3255111A (en) * | 1962-08-03 | 1966-06-07 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant compositions containing phosphonate-olefin adducts |
US3256370A (en) * | 1962-12-13 | 1966-06-14 | Monsanto Co | Process for preparing alkylene-diphosphonates |
US3208938A (en) * | 1963-02-08 | 1965-09-28 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating compositions |
US3471552A (en) * | 1965-08-24 | 1969-10-07 | Plains Chem Dev Co | Aliphatic polyphosphonic acids and derivatives thereof |
US4089893A (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-05-16 | Borg-Warner Corporation | 2,2,2-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethylphosponic acid and method for its preparation |
NZ191183A (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1981-05-01 | American Can Co | Deep drawing lubricant containing lubricant silicone resin and solvent |
CN113817904A (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-12-21 | 富兰克润滑科技(太仓)有限公司 | 一种低碳环保可生物降解的淬火油及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2138385A (en) * | 1935-03-05 | 1938-11-29 | Miller & Sons Inc I | Elastic top shoe |
US2174019A (en) * | 1936-11-27 | 1939-09-26 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant |
US2392468A (en) * | 1942-01-08 | 1946-01-08 | Cities Service Oil Co | Organic phosphorus lubricant compositions |
US2436141A (en) * | 1946-03-07 | 1948-02-17 | Du Pont | Dialkyl esters of long-chain alkylphosphonates |
-
0
- US US23979D patent/USRE23979E/en not_active Expired
-
1948
- 1948-05-10 US US26228A patent/US2573568A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1949
- 1949-05-07 DE DEP41945D patent/DE845226C/de not_active Expired
- 1949-05-09 GB GB12350/49A patent/GB694563A/en not_active Expired
- 1949-05-10 FR FR985853D patent/FR985853A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE954244C (de) * | 1953-01-01 | 1956-12-13 | Farbenfbriken Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Derivaten aromatischer Phosphonsaeuren |
DE1058046B (de) * | 1956-06-06 | 1959-05-27 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von O, O-Dialkylthionophosphorsaeure-O-dichlorvinylestern |
DE1242228B (de) * | 1963-10-29 | 1967-06-15 | Pure Chem Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung halogenhaltiger organischer Phosphonate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB694563A (en) | 1953-07-22 |
US2573568A (en) | 1951-10-30 |
FR985853A (fr) | 1951-07-24 |
USRE23979E (en) | 1955-04-12 |
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