DE682933C - Schmiermittel - Google Patents
SchmiermittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE682933C DE682933C DEST52832D DEST052832D DE682933C DE 682933 C DE682933 C DE 682933C DE ST52832 D DEST52832 D DE ST52832D DE ST052832 D DEST052832 D DE ST052832D DE 682933 C DE682933 C DE 682933C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- chlorine
- oil
- corrosive
- oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
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- C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/10—Running-in-oil ; Grinding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Seit einer Reihe von Jahren ist starke Nachfrage nach festen oder flüssigen Schmiermitteln,
die Belastungen und Beanspruchungen auszuhalten imstande sind, die die Widerstandsfähigkeit der bisherigen aus reinen
oder gemischten Ölen bestehenden Schmiermittel übersteigen. Das gilt insbesondere
für kraftübertragende Organe an Automobilen, für Hyperboloidgetriebe u. dgl.
Für diese Zwecke hat man unter anderem auch Schmiermittel vorgeschlagen, die Schwefel
und Chlor gebunden enthalten. Diese erfüllen ihren Zweck vollkommen, sowohl in der Richtung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber
schwerer Belastung und Beanspruchung wie auch bezüglich ihrer Schmierfähigkeit. Das Haupthindernis für ihre Verwendung ist
die Tatsache, daß sie korrosiv wirken, insbesondere wenn geringe Mengen Feuchtigkeit,
die bei der praktischen Verwendung nicht ausgeschlossen werden können, vorhanden
sind. Das hat dann zur Folge, daß die Getriebe und sonstigen Maschinenteile verfärbt
und angefressen werden, rosten und schließlieh im Öl unlösliche, schleifend wirkende
Körper entstehen, die die Schmierwirkung derartiger Mittel erheblich herabsetzen.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist nun die Gewinnung von solchen Schwefel und Chlor enthaltenden
Stoffen, bei denen diese korrosive Wirkung so stark herabgesetzt ist, daß im Betrieb die Stahlflächen nur sehr wenig angegriffen
werden, und auch das nur während einer erträglich kurzen Zeit. Ferner bleibt das Mittel während der ganzen Lebensdauer
des Schmieröls wirksam, während viele der bekannten Zusatzmittel ihre den Belastungswiderstand
verbessernden Eigenschaften in kurzer Zeit verlieren.
Erfindungsgemäß wird von einem für den jeweiligen Zweck geeigneten Grundöl ausgegangen.
Die Viscosität -kann je nach dem Anwendungsgebiet 3 bis 90 E betragen. Das
Grundöl kann aus einem naphthenischen oder paraffinischen Rohöl stammen und eine
Destillations- oder Rückstandsfraktion darstellen. Der Flammpunkt ist für Getriebe-
und Transmissionsschmiermittel nicht von besonderer Wichtigkeit, er liegt gewöhnlich
bei 2500 und höher. Die Schmiermitte] nach 5»
der Erfindung können Öle oder konsistente Fette sein. In letzterem Falle kann die Konsistenz
durch Zusatz von Natron-, Kalk- oder Tonerdeseifen der Stearinsäure u. dgl. herbeigeführt
sein, die in Mengen von 10 bis 50% verwendet werden.
Die zuzusetzende Schwefelverbindung soll reaktionsfähigen korrosiven Charakter haben,
d. h. sie muß einen eingetauchten blanken Kupferstreifen verfärben. Sie übt aber auf
682983
stählerne Getriebe und metallene Aufbewahrungsgefäße keine merkbare Wirkung aus.
Der Gehalt an reaktionsfähigem Schwefel soll über 0,2 °/o betragen, gewöhnlich bewegt.
er sich von 0,3 bis 3°/o. , ^
Der Gehalt an korrosivem Schwefel ift
Verbindungen, die daneben noch passiven Schwefel enthalten, kann so festgestellt werden,
daß zunächst der gesamte Schwefel bestimmt und sodann der korrosive Schwefel allein entzogen wird. Aus der Differenz ergibt
sich dann die Menge des korrosiven Schwefels. · Die Entfernung des korrosiven
Schwefels kann z. B. durch mehrstündige Behandlung der Probe mit fein verteiltem Metall
(z. B. Kupfer) im Dampfbad geschehen (siehe z. B. American Society for Testing Materials,
D--129—27 im Bericht des Committee D,—2
on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and Method of Tests relating to Petroleum Products,
page 174, 1928).
Als Schwefelverbindungen für den in Frage kommenden Zweck können Fraktionen aus
Rohölen verwendet werden, die korrosiven Schwefel enthalten, wie dieses z. B. für West-Texas-Öle
bekannt ist. Auch elementarer Schwefel kann verwendet werden zur Erhöhung vorhandenen Gehalts an korrosivem
Schwefel. Es können ferner geeignete .30 Schwefelverbindungen durch Sulfurieren von
pflanzlichen oder tierischen ölen, wie Tran, durch Erhitzen mit Schwefel auf höhere Temperatur
gewonnen werden. Auch organische Polysulfide sind brauchbar. Diese werden
über die Chloride derart gewonnen, daß zunächst Chlorgas mehrere Stunden durch
Mineralöl oder -wachs geleitet wird, bis der Chlorgehalt 5 bis 30% beträgt. Durch Be-:
handeln mit Alkalipolysulfiden wird dann das Chlor durch Schwefel ersetzt, was quantitativ
gelingt.
Für die Erfindung ist es aber wichtig, daß Chlor und Schwefel getrennt, d. h. also in
zwei verschiedenen Verbindungen zugesetzt werden. Es wurde nämlich festgestellt, daß
Chlor "und Schwefel enthaltende Verbindungen, wie sie z. B. bei der Behandlung von
fetten ölen mit Sulfurylchlorid entstehen,
beim Gebrauch allmählich das Chlor verlieren und der Schwefel allein dann nicht mehr in
vollem Umfange die Widerstandsfähigkeit für hohe und höchste Belastungen zu leisten vermag.
Die Chlorverbindungen für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung können gechlorte fette
öle, Fettsäuren, Mineralöle, Paraffine sein, auch Tetrachlorkohlenstoff u. dgl. Die Fluor-
und B rom verbindungen wirken analog, doch sind schon aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen die
Chlorverbindungen vorzuziehen. Im allgemeinen werden Chlorverbindungen verwendet,
bei denen das Chloratom an einem aromatischen Ring gebunden ist.
Wie sich ergeben hat, sind schon verhältnismäßig
geringe Zusätze der Chlorverbin-/ftarng
wirksam, wie z.B. 0,2 bis 0,6°/0, doch
jWfinn auch etwas mehr verwendet werden.
-Bei diesen Zusätzen ist das Schmieröl, selbst wenn der Zusatz frisch erfolgt ist, nicht besonders
korrosiv gegenüber der Metallwandung von Behältern und Maschinenteilen. Es ließ sich weder Rost noch die Bildung
abrasiv wirkender Stoffe feststellen. Eine genaue Erklärung über die Rolle, die das
Chlor spielt, kann nicht angegeben werden, doch scheint es nach Art eines Aktivators für
den Schwefel diesen dauernd wirksam zu erhalten, so daß die Friktionskurve bei steigender
Belastung flach und ohne scharfe Absätze verläuft. Es ist auffallend, daß diese Wirkung
bestehen bleibt, trotzdem der Chlorgehalt allmählich· absinkt. Bei Automobilgetrieben
wurde folgendes festgestellt:
Nach 150 bis 200 km, war der Chlorgehalt
zum großen Teil, nach 600 bis 750 km vollkommen verschwunden. Das entspricht
einer Fahrzeit von 10 bis 15 Stunden.
Dagegen war der Gehalt an korrosivem Schwefel unverändert geblieben, und das öl hatte nach wie vor die gleiche Wider-Standsfähigkeit
gegen hohe Getriebe- und Zahndrücke.
Es scheint danach, daß das Chlor dazu dient, eine Beeinflussung des Stahls der Getriebezähne
durch den Schwefel einzuleiten, und daß diese Rolle überflüssig wird, sobald
ein wesentlicher Teil der Oberflächen aktiviert ist.
Beispiel 1 . .
Das für die Herstellung der verbesserten
Schmieröl dienende Ausgangsöl hatte folgende Eigenschaften:
Spezifisches Gewicht 26,4 ί0*
Viscosität bei 99° C 3,7° E
Viscosität bei 380 47° E
Fließpunkt ... —150
Flammpunkt 250° C
Farbe 1I2R no
Es wurden folgende Proben untersucht:
Probe 1: Grundöl mit 8 °/„ eines durch Erhitzen
von Kienöl mit Schwefel auf 2400 sul- -furierten Öles mit 4% reaktionsfähigem
Schwefel. 11S
Probe 2: Grundöl mit 2,8% sulfuriertem Kienöl und 1 bis I1I2 0I0 gechlortem Paraffin
mit 400/o Chlor.
Probe 3: Grundöl allein.
Die Untersuchungen erfolgten an der Almen-Maschine,
beschrieben in Automotive Industries Vo. 67 bis 21 PP 650. Festgestellt
wurden Gesamtbelastung, Schlußreibung, Belastung, bei der die Reibung plötzlich ansteigt,
ferner Temperatur und Zustand des Zapfens:
5 Probe | Belastung | Schlußreibung | Plötzlicher Reibungsanstieg |
Schluß temperatur 0C |
Zapfenzustand |
I
2 io 3 |
H H
Cn Cn cn |
H OJ C^.
O O cn |
' ' '6 Einheiten " ' 9 |
125 6o 32 |
tief verschrammt vorzüglich angefressen |
Als Grundöl diente eine Pennsylvaniafraktion von 2,920E bei 990. Verschiedene
Zusätze wurden gemacht, um bestimmte Gehalte an korrosivem Schwefel und an Chlor
zu erhalten.
Angegeben werden in der Tabelle in Gewichtseinheiten
die Belastungen, die Schlußfraktion und der Zapfenzustand. Aus der Tabelle ergibt sich als bestes Verhältnis 0,2
bis 0,5% und mehr korrosiver Schwefel und
0,3 bis 0,5 °/o Chlor. Alle Proben mit einer Ausnahme trugen die volle Belastung mit
15 Gewichtseinheiten, eine 14. Das Grundöl
selbst versagte schon bei 5 oder 6 Einheiten. Keines der öle führte eine Korrosion des
Metalls der Getriebe herbei oder führte zur Bildung von schleifend wirkenden Stoffen in
merkbarer Menge.
Mischung 25 N, |
% korrosiver Schwefel |
% Chlor | Almen-Probe | Belastungs einheiten |
Endreibung | Zapfenzustand |
I 2 30 3 4 5 6 35 7 5 8 9 |
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,5 o,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 |
0,1 o,3 o,5 0,1 o,3 o,5 0,1 0,3 o,5 |
6 15 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 |
15 29 28 57 63 35 55 48 53 |
festgefressen gut festgefressen geschrammt geschrammt gut etwas geschrammt geschrammt geschrammt |
Um die Wirkung der Verminderung des Chlorgehaltes während des Betriebes aufzuzeigen,
wurden Proben gemacht mit Mischungen nach vorliegender Erfindung mit käuflichen Schmiermitteln, die einen sog. Höchstleistungszusatz
enthielten, der aus fettem öl durch Einwirkung von Chlorschwefel gewonnen
war. Die Proben wurden verschieden
lange mit Stahlwolle bei 160 bis 1700 in Be-
>oo rührung gebracht. Diese Behandlung entspricht den Vorgängen im Betriebe. Die öle
wurden dann auf der Almen-Maschine geprüft, wobei sich ergab, daß die Chlorschwefelöle sehr schnell ihren Charakter als 10S
Hochleistungsschmieren verloren, während dieses bei den erfindungsgemäß hergestellten
ölprodukten nicht der Fall war.
50 | Auf 1650 erhitzt mit 5% Stahlwolle ■ Stunden |
Analyse | des Öles | Prüfung auf der Almen-Maschine |
Reibung |
55 Käufliches Chlor- I Schwefelschmieröl 1 |
O 6 8 |
Schwefel | Chlor | Belastung | 33 74 46 |
60 öl nach der Erfindung-^ | 0 IO |
0,99 1,11 1,15 |
0,62 0,49 o,34 |
15 14 6 |
30 60 |
0,4 0,4 |
o,5 Spuren |
15 15 ' |
Ähnliche Prüfungen anderer Muster von öl wurden mit mehrtägiger Dauer im Autogetriebe
durchgeführt. Die öle nach der Erfindung arbeiteten in der ganzen Prüfungs-5.
zeit durchaus zufriedenstellend. Beim Ausbau der Getriebe zeigten die ölproben im.
wesentlichen den ursprünglichen Schwefeln1
gehalt und waren chlorfrei. Die Metallteile**-, waren nicht merkbar angegriffen und zeigten
ίο sich rostfrei.
Claims (3)
- Patentansprüche:i. Schmiermittel, bestehend aus einem Mineralschmieröl, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit Seifen, einer reaktionsfähigen, korrosiven Schwefel und einer weiteren, Chlor enthaltenden öllöslichen organischen Verbindung..j 1,.
- 2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dalr :i'§t$h gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehalt an ||ktionsfähigem Schwefel mindestens ψ0 beträgt und nötigenfalls durch zusätzliche Mengen freien Schwefels eingeregelt wird.
- 3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Chlorgehalt des Schmiermittels 0,1 bis 0,6% beträgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US431434XA | 1933-11-21 | 1933-11-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE682933C true DE682933C (de) | 1939-10-24 |
Family
ID=21925715
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEST52789D Expired DE684967C (de) | 1933-11-21 | 1934-11-08 | Mineralschmieroel |
DEST52832D Expired DE682933C (de) | 1933-11-21 | 1934-11-21 | Schmiermittel |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEST52789D Expired DE684967C (de) | 1933-11-21 | 1934-11-08 | Mineralschmieroel |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE407094A (de) |
DE (2) | DE684967C (de) |
FR (3) | FR776910A (de) |
GB (3) | GB431434A (de) |
NL (3) | NL71440C (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE515753A (de) * | 1951-11-29 |
-
0
- NL NL71966D patent/NL71966C/xx active
- NL NL44557D patent/NL44557C/xx active
- NL NL71440D patent/NL71440C/xx active
-
1934
- 1934-07-23 GB GB21540/34A patent/GB431434A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-08-08 FR FR776910D patent/FR776910A/fr not_active Expired
- 1934-10-13 GB GB29378/34A patent/GB434056A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-10-18 FR FR779896D patent/FR779896A/fr not_active Expired
- 1934-11-08 DE DEST52789D patent/DE684967C/de not_active Expired
- 1934-11-21 DE DEST52832D patent/DE682933C/de not_active Expired
- 1934-12-29 GB GB19719/36A patent/GB454552A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-12-31 FR FR783466D patent/FR783466A/fr not_active Expired
- 1934-12-31 BE BE407094D patent/BE407094A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL71440C (de) | |
BE407094A (de) | 1935-01-31 |
NL71966C (de) | |
NL44557C (de) | |
GB454552A (en) | 1936-09-29 |
DE684967C (de) | 1939-12-08 |
FR776910A (fr) | 1935-02-07 |
GB431434A (en) | 1935-07-08 |
GB434056A (en) | 1935-08-26 |
FR783466A (fr) | 1935-07-12 |
FR779896A (fr) | 1935-04-13 |
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