DE2412836A1 - METHOD OF MACHINE WASHING OF DISHES AND MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE METHOD - Google Patents
METHOD OF MACHINE WASHING OF DISHES AND MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE METHODInfo
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- DE2412836A1 DE2412836A1 DE19742412836 DE2412836A DE2412836A1 DE 2412836 A1 DE2412836 A1 DE 2412836A1 DE 19742412836 DE19742412836 DE 19742412836 DE 2412836 A DE2412836 A DE 2412836A DE 2412836 A1 DE2412836 A1 DE 2412836A1
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- water
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- cao
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
- C11D3/1286—Stabilised aqueous aluminosilicate suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Bekanntlich enthalten im Haushalt, in gewerblichen Betrieben und in dec Industrie benutzte Geschirrspülmittel vielfach größere Mengen an kondensierten Phosphaten, insbesondere Tripolyphosphat, die zu einem wesentlichen Teil für die gute Reinigungswirkung dieser Mittel verantwortlich sind. Der Phosphatgehalt dieser Mictel wird in der Öffentlichkeit in Zusammenhang mit Fragen des Umweltschutzes kritisiert; dabei wird oft die Ansicht vertreten, daß dieses über das Wasser in Flüsse und Seen gelangende Phosphat zur Eutrophierung der Wässer, d.h. zu einer Steigerung des Algenwachstums und des SauerstoffVerbrauches führt. Man ist daher bestrebt, das Phosphat aus Wasch- und Reinigungsprozessen bzw. aus den dazu benutzten Mitteln zu entfernen oder seinen Anteil wesentlich zu verringern.As is known, included in the household, commercial establishments and in industry dec used dishwashing often larger amounts of condensed phosphates, particularly tripolyphosphate, which are responsible for a substantial part of the good cleaning action of these agents. The phosphate content of these Mictel is criticized in public in connection with questions of environmental protection; The view is often taken that this phosphate, which enters rivers and lakes via the water, leads to the eutrophication of the water, ie to an increase in algae growth and oxygen consumption. Efforts are therefore made to remove the phosphate from washing and cleaning processes or from the agents used for this, or to reduce its proportion significantly.
Das Hauptpatent (Patentanmeldung (D 4642/4787/4819)) betrifft ein Verfahren zum Waschen, Bleichen oder Reinigen von festen Werkstoffen, insbesondere von Textilien, durch Behandeln dieser Werkstoffe mit einer Flotte, die zum Binden der Härtebildner des Wassers befähigte Substanzen enthält. Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der wäßrigen Behandlungsflotte ein Galciumbindevermögen von wenigstens 50 mg CaO/g wasserfreier Aktivsubstanz (= AS) aufweisende, feinverteilte wasserunlösliche, ggf. gebundenes Wasser enthaltende Verbindungen der allgemeinen FormelThe main patent (patent application (D 4642/4787/4819)) relates to a method for washing, bleaching or cleaning solid materials, in particular textiles, by treatment these materials with a liquor that contains substances capable of binding the hardness components of the water. The procedure is characterized in that a calcium binding capacity of at least 50 mg CaO / g anhydrous in the aqueous treatment liquor Active substance (= AS) containing, finely divided water-insoluble, compounds of the general formula containing optionally bound water
A09847/0733A09847 / 0733
iKat2/n0)x · Me2°3 iKat 2 / n 0) x Me 2 ° 3
in der Kat ein mit Calcium austauschbares Kation der Wertigkeit η, χ eine Zahl von 0,7 - 1,5, Me Bor oder Aluminium und y eine Zahl von 0,8 - 6, vorzugsweise von 1,3-4 bedeuten, suspendiert sind.in the cat a cation of valency exchangeable with calcium η, χ a number from 0.7 - 1.5, Me boron or aluminum and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, preferably from 1.3 to 4, are suspended.
Das Calciumbindevermögen kann Werte von 2OO mg CaO/g AS erreichen und liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 100 - 200 mg CaO/The calcium binding capacity can reach values of 200 mg CaO / g AS and is preferably in the range of 100 - 200 mg CaO /
Als Kation kommt bevorzugt Natrium in Frage; es kann aber auch durch Wasserstoff, Lithium, Kalium, Ammonium oder Magnesium sowie durch die Kationen wasserlöslicher organischer Basen ersetzt sein, z.B. durch solche von primären, sekundären oder tertiären Aminen bzw. Alkylolaminen mit höchstens 2 C-Atomen pro Alkylrest bzw. höchstens 3 C-Atomen pro Alkylolrest. The preferred cation is sodium; but it can also by hydrogen, lithium, potassium, ammonium or magnesium as well as be replaced by the cations of water-soluble organic bases, e.g. by those of primary, secondary or tertiary amines or alkylolamines with a maximum of 2 carbon atoms per alkyl radical or a maximum of 3 carbon atoms per alkylol radical.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine weitere Ausbildung des Verfahrens des Hauptpatentes; sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Verfahren auf das maschinelle Spülen von Geschirr anwendet. The invention relates to a further development of the method of the main patent; it is characterized by the fact that one the method applies to the machine washing of dishes.
Die erfindungsgemäß anstelle der Phosphate, insbesondere des Tripolyphosphates, bzw. zusammen mit diesen einzusetzenden oben definierten kationaustauschenden Verbindungen werden im folgenden der Einfachheit halber als "Aluminiumsilikate11 bezeichnet. Bevorzugt verwendet man Natriumaluminiumsilikate. Alle für deren Herstellung und Verwendung gemachten Angaben gelten sinngemäß für die anderen beanspruchten Verbindungen.The cation-exchanging compounds defined above according to the invention instead of the phosphates, in particular tripolyphosphate, or together with these, are referred to below as "aluminum silicates 11 " for the sake of simplicity. Sodium aluminum silicates are preferably used claimed connections.
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Die Herstellung dieser kationenaustauschenden Aluminiumsilikate ist im Hauptpatent beschrieben; diese fertiggebildeten Natriumaluminiumsilikate, die röntgenamorph oder kristallin sein können, werden für die erfindungsgemäßen Zwecke eingesetzt. Bevorzugt verwendet man kristalline Produkte.The production of these cation-exchanging aluminum silicates is described in the main patent; these finished ones Sodium aluminum silicates, which can be X-ray amorphous or crystalline, are used for the purposes according to the invention. Preference is given to using crystalline products.
Das bevorzugte Calciumbindevermögen von 100 - 200 mg CaO/g AS findet sich vor allem bei Verbindungen der Zusammensetzung:The preferred calcium binding capacity of 100-200 mg CaO / g AS is found mainly in compounds of the composition:
0,7 - 1,1 Na2O . Al2O3 . 1,3 - 3,3 SiO3.0.7-1.1 Na 2 O. Al 2 O 3 . 1.3-3.3 SiO 3 .
Diese Summenformel umfaßt zwei Typen verschiedener Kristallstruktur (bzw. deren nicht kristalline Vorprodukte), die sich auch durch ihre Summenformel unterscheiden. Es sind dies:This molecular formula includes two types of different crystal structures (or their non-crystalline precursors), which also differ in their molecular formula. These are:
a) O,7 - 1,1 Na2O . Al2O3 . 1,3 - 2,4a) 0.7-1.1 Na 2 O. Al 2 O 3 . 1.3 - 2.4
b) O,7 - 1,1 Na2O . Al2O3 .>2,4 - 3,3b) 0.7-1.1 Na 2 O. Al 2 O 3. > 2.4-3.3
Die unterschiedlichen Kristallstrukturen zeigen sich im Röntgenbeugungsdiagramm; Einzelheiten hierüber sind aus dem Hauptpatent zu entnehmen.The different crystal structures are shown in the X-ray diffraction diagram; Details can be found in the main patent.
Diese Aluminiumsilikate sind dazu bestimmt, die in üblichen Geschirrspülmitteln vorhandenen Phosphate, insbesondere das Tripolyphosphat, teilweise oder vollständig zu ersetzen.These aluminum silicates are intended to reduce the phosphates present in common dishwashing detergents, especially the Tripolyphosphate, partially or completely to replace.
Mit besonderem Vorteil verwendet man Aluminiumsilikate, die zu wenigstens 80 Gew.-% aus Teilchen einer Größe von 1O bis 0,01 μ, vorzugsweise von 8 bis 0, 1 μ bestehen. Vorteilhaft enthalten diese Aluminiumsilikate keine Primär- bzw. Sekundärteilchen oberhalb von 40 μ. Aluminiumsilikate dieser Teilchengröße werden hier als "mikrokristallin" bzeichnet.It is particularly advantageous to use aluminum silicates which are at least 80% by weight of particles from 10 to 0.01 μ, preferably from 8 to 0.1 μ exist. These aluminum silicates advantageously do not contain any primary or secondary particles above 40 μ. Aluminum silicates of this particle size are referred to herein as "microcrystalline".
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Zur Ausbildung geringer Teilchengrößen können bereits die Herstellungsbedingungen für die Aluminiumsilikate beitragen, wobei man die miteinander vermischten Aluminat- und Silikatlösungen - die auch gleichzeitig in das Reaktionsgefäß geleitet werden können - starken Scherkräften aussetzt. Stellt man kristallisierte Aluminiumsilikate her - diese werden erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt eingesetzt - so verhindert man die Ausbildung großer, ggf. sich durchdringender Kristalle durch langsames Rühren der kristallisierenden Masse.The manufacturing conditions for the aluminum silicates can contribute to the formation of small particle sizes, whereby the mixed aluminate and silicate solutions - which can also be fed into the reaction vessel at the same time - are exposed to strong shear forces. Provides if crystallized aluminum silicates are produced - these are preferably used according to the invention - this is prevented Formation of large, possibly penetrating crystals by slowly stirring the crystallizing mass.
Trotzdem kann beim Trocknen eine unerwünschte Agglomeration von Kristallitpartikeln eintreten, so daß es sich empfiehlt, diese Sekundärteilchen in geeigneter Weise, z.B. durch Windsichten, zu entfernen. Auch in gröberem Zustand anfallende Aluminiumsilikate, die auf die gewünschte Korngröße gemahlen worden sind, lassen sich verwenden. Hierzu eignen sich z.B. Mühlen und/oder Windsichter bzw. deren Kombinationen. Die letzteren sind z.B. bei Ulimann: "Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie" Band 1, 1951, Seiten 632-634 beschrieben.Nevertheless, undesired agglomeration of crystallite particles can occur during drying, so that it is advisable to to remove these secondary particles in a suitable manner, e.g. by air separation. Even in a coarser condition Aluminum silicates that have been ground to the desired grain size can be used. For this purpose, e.g. Mills and / or air separators or their combinations. The latter are described, for example, in Ulimann: "Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie" Volume 1, 1951, pages 632-634.
Als Geschirr im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle im Haushalt, in gewerblichen Betrieben und in der Industrie beim Aufbewahren, bei der Zubereitung und beim Servieren von Speisen und Getränken benutzten und nach ihrer Verwendung zu reinigenden Gerätschaften aus keramischem Material, Glas, Kunststoff, Holz und Metall zu verstehen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann also außer im Haushalt und im Gaststättenbzw. Beherbergungsgewerbe auch in Großküchenanlagen, Molkereien, in der Getränkeindustrie, wie z.B. Brauereien, in Limonade, Mineralwasser und Fruchtsäfte herstellenden bzw. verarbeitenden Betrieben zum maschinellen Spülen und Reinigen, insbesondere von Flaschen, benutzt werden.Crockery within the meaning of the invention includes all appliances made of ceramic material, glass, plastic, wood and metal that are used in the household, in commercial establishments and in industry for storing, preparing and serving food and beverages and that have to be cleaned after use to understand. The method according to the invention can therefore except in the household and in restaurants or. Accommodation trade can also be used in large kitchens, dairies, in the beverage industry, such as breweries, in lemonade, mineral water and fruit juices producing or processing companies for machine washing and cleaning, especially of bottles.
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Das Verfahren eignet sich aber auch zum Spülen von Geräten, die durch andere Rückstände als Speisereste verunreinigt sind, z.B. zum Spülen von Laboratoriumsgeräten. However, the method is also suitable for rinsing devices that are contaminated by residues other than food residues, e.g. for rinsing laboratory equipment.
Die Aluminiumsilikate v/erden bevorzugt in einer Konzentration von 0,5 - 3 g/l eingesetzt. Insbesondere kombiniert man sie mit alkalisch reagierenden Substanzen, die in einer solchen Menge eingesetzt werden, daß der pH-Wert der Behandlungsflotte im Bereich von 8 bis 13 liegt. Derartige alkalisch reagierende Substanzen sind bevorzugt Alkalisilikate und Alkalicarbonate, und, sofern höhere pH-Werte angestrebt werden, Ätzalkalien.The aluminum silicates are preferably grounded in one concentration 0.5 - 3 g / l are used. In particular, they are combined with alkaline reacting substances in such an amount are used that the pH of the treatment liquor in the range from 8 to 13. Such alkaline reacting substances alkali silicates and alkali carbonates are preferred, and, if higher pH values are desired, caustic alkalis.
Die Wirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der zu seiner Durchführung dienenden Mittel läßt sich durch Zusatz geringer Mengen von Tensiden, insbesondere von nichtionischen Tensiden, verbessern. Außerdem hat sich ein Zusatz von oxydierenden Substanzen, insbesondere von Aktivchlorverbindungen, gegebenenfalls auch von Perverbindungen, als vorteilhaft erwiesen.The effect of the method according to the invention or that of its Agents used for implementation can be obtained by adding small amounts of surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants, to enhance. In addition, oxidizing substances, in particular active chlorine compounds, may have to be added also by per compounds, proved to be advantageous.
Die Zusammensetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel liegt im allgemeinen im Rahmen der folgenden Rezeptur:The composition of the agents according to the invention is generally within the scope of the following recipe:
TO - 60 Gew.-% Alkalisilikate und/oder -carbonate und/ oder -hydroxide, die teilweise durch anorganische phosphorhaltige Komplexbildner, die letzteren vorzugsweise in Mengen, die den unten angegebenen Höchst-P-Mengen entsprechen, ersetzt sein können.TO - 60 wt .-% alkali silicates and / or carbonates and / or hydroxides, some of which by inorganic phosphorus-containing complexing agents, the latter can preferably be replaced in amounts corresponding to the maximum P amounts given below.
10 - 65 Gew.-% Aluminiumsilikate (als AS) 0 - 40 Gew.-% sonstige übliche Bestandteile von Maschinengeschirr spülmitteln .10 - 65% by weight of aluminum silicates (as AS) 0 - 40% by weight of other common ingredients in machine dishwashing detergents.
6 -6 -
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Zu den sonstigen üblichen Bestandteilen von Maschinengeschirrspülmitteln gehören die folgenden Substanzen, die meist in den angegebenen Mengen anwesend sind:Other common ingredients in dishwasher detergents include the following substances, which are mostly found in the specified quantities are present:
0-10 Gew.-% Aktivchlor oder Aktivsauerstoff enthaltende SubstanzenSubstances containing 0-10% by weight of active chlorine or active oxygen
0 - to Gew.-% Tenside, insbesondere nichtionische Tenside 0-20 Gew.-% Natriumsulfat und/oder Wasser.0 to% by weight surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants 0-20% by weight sodium sulfate and / or water.
Die Reinigungswirkung der Aluminiumsilikate läßt sich durch wasserlösliche, zur Komplexbildung mit Calcium befähigte polymere Carbonsäuren bzw. deren wasserlösliche Salze verbessern; dabei können die Aluminiumsilikate teilweise durch die genannten Zusätze ersetzt werden.The cleaning effect of the aluminum silicates can be improved by water-soluble polymeric carboxylic acids capable of complexing with calcium or their water-soluble salts; the aluminum silicates can partly through the mentioned additives are replaced.
Die erfindungsgomäß in Kombination mit den oben definierten Aluminiumsilikaten einzusetzenden Komplexbildner vom Typ der wasserlöslichen Polycarbonsäuren, die bevorzugt in Form ihrer wasserlöslichen Salze eingesetzt werden, sind beispielsweise Carboxymethyläther der Zucker, der Stärke und der Zellulose. Weiter gehören hierzu die Polymerisate der Acrylsäure, Hyäroxyacrylsäure. Maleinsäure, Itaconsäare, Mesaconsäure, Aconitsäure, Methylenmalonsäure, Citraconsäure und dgl., die Copolymerisate der oben genannten Carbonsäuren untereinander oder mit äthylenisch ungesättigten Verbindungen wie Äthylen, Propylen, Isobutylen, Vinylalkohol, Vinylmethyläther, Furan, Acrolein, Vinylacetat, Acrylamid, Acrylnitril, Methacrylsäure, Crotonsäure etc., wie z.B. die 1 : 1-Mischpolymerisate aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und Äthylen bzw. Propylen bzw. Furan. Schließlich gehören zu dieser Gruppe von Verbindungen im wesentlichen aus Acrylsäure- und Acroleineinheiten bzw. Acrylsäure- und Vinylalkoholeinheiten aufgebaute Polyhydroxypolycarbonsäuren bzw. Polyaldehydo-polycarbonsäuren, die durch Copolymerisation von Acrylsäure and Acrolein oder durch Polymerisation von Acrolein und anschließende Carmizzaro-Reaktion ggf. in Gegenwart von Formaldehyd erhältlich sind./^The complexing agents of the water-soluble polycarboxylic acids type, which are preferably used in the form of their water- soluble salts, are, for example, carboxymethyl ethers of sugar, starch and cellulose, to be used in combination with the aluminum silicates defined above. These also include the polymers of acrylic acid and hydroxyacrylic acid. Maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, aconitic acid, methylenemalonic acid, citraconic acid and the like, the copolymers of the above-mentioned carboxylic acids with one another or with ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, vinyl alcohol, vinyl methyl ether, furan, acrolein, methacrylic acid, acrylate, acrylamide Crotonic acid, etc., such as, for example, the 1: 1 copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylene or propylene or furan. Finally, this group of compounds includes polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acids or polyaldehyde-polycarboxylic acids composed essentially of acrylic acid and acrolein units or acrylic acid and vinyl alcohol units, which are formed by copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrolein or by polymerization of acrolein and subsequent Carmizzaro reaction, if appropriate in the presence of Formaldehyde are available ./^
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Bei diesen polymeren Carbonsäuren handelt es sich bevorzugt um solche, die ihrer Struktur nach als Homo- oder Copolymerisate ungesättigter, höchstens 6 C-Atome im Molekül enthaltender Mono- oder Dicarbonsäuren bzw. als deren Copolymerisate mit ungesättigten, höchstens 6 C-Atome im Molekül enthaltenden Kohlenwasserstoffen, Alkoholen, Äthern, Aldehyden, Estern, Amiden oder Nitrilen aufgefaßt werden können, auch wenn sie nicht durch Polymerisation eines Gemisches der entsprechenden Ausgangsmaterialien erhalten wurden. These polymeric carboxylic acids are preferably those which, according to their structure, are homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids containing at most 6 carbon atoms in the molecule or as their copolymers with unsaturated containing at most 6 carbon atoms in the molecule Hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, esters, amides or nitriles can be considered, even if they were not obtained by polymerizing a mixture of the corresponding starting materials.
Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Kombinationen aus Aluminiumsilikaten und polymeren Carbonsäuren bzw. deren Salzen v/erden bevorzugt in Konzentrationen von 0,5-3 g/l eingesetzt. Dabei liegt das Verhältnis Aluminiumsilikat : polymere Carbonsäuren im Bereich von 10: 1-1 :10, vorzugsweise von 4:1-1 :The combinations of aluminum silicates and polymeric carboxylic acids or their salts to be used according to the invention are preferably used in concentrations of 0.5-3 g / l. The aluminum silicate: polymeric carboxylic acids ratio is in the range from 10: 1-1 : 10, preferably from 4: 1-1 :
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Ausgestaltung des oben beschriebenen Verfahrens und der zu ihrer Durchführung bestimmten Mittel: beide sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oben definierten Aluminiumsilikate teilweise durch feinverteilte, körnige, wasserunlösliche, zum Binden von Calcium befähigte Ionenaustauscher organischer Natur ersetzt sind. Es handelt sich dabei um Ionenaustauscher auf Kunstharzbasis, die bevorzugt ein Calciumbindevermögen von 20 - 220, insbesondere von 50 - 15O mg CaO/g Aktivsubstanz aufweisen.The invention also relates to an embodiment of the method described above and that intended for its implementation Medium: both are characterized in that the aluminum silicates defined above are partially replaced by finely divided, granular, water-insoluble ion exchangers of organic nature capable of binding calcium are replaced. It deals ion exchangers based on synthetic resin, which preferably have a calcium binding capacity of 20-220, in particular of Have 50 - 150 mg CaO / g active substance.
Die Teilchengröße der organischen Ionenaustauscher kann im Bereich der handelsüblichen Ionenaustauscher (0,1 - 1 mm) liegen. Zweckmäßigerweise verwendet man Produkte mit 0,3 -0,8 mm Teilchengröße. Die Produkte des Handels lassen sich - falls nötig - ohne weiteres auf die gewünschte Korngröße zerkleinern.The particle size of the organic ion exchangers can be in the range of commercially available ion exchangers (0.1 - 1 mm) lie. It is expedient to use products with a particle size of 0.3-0.8 mm. The products of the trade can be - if necessary - easily crush to the desired grain size.
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Unter "körnigen" Ionenaustauschern werden hier/-s»vJofiP «(SLche von zylindrischer, kugeliger oder perlartiger als auch solche von unregelmäßiger Gestalt, z.B. Mahlprodukte"mit unregelmäßigen Bruchflächen verstanden, jedoch sollte das Partikel selbst eine kompakte Masse darstellen.Under "granular" ion exchangers here / -s »vJofiP« (SLche of cylindrical, spherical or pearly shape as well as those of irregular shape, e.g. milled products "with irregular Understood fracture surfaces, but the particle itself should be a compact mass.
Zum Binden von Calcium befähigte, Ionen austauschende Gruppen sind z.E. Sulfonsäure-, Phosphonsäuren Carboxyl-, Carboxymethyl-, Sulfonamid-, Disulfimid-, Carbonamid-, Dicarbimid- und SuIfocarbimidgruppen. Diese Gruppen sind an ein vernetztes und daher wasserunlösliches, jedoch ggf. in Wasser quellbares Gerüst eines organischen Makromoleküls gebunden, das je nach seiner Herstellung ein Polykondensations- oder ein Polymerisationskunstharz sein kann.Ion-exchanging groups capable of binding calcium are e.g. Sulfonic acid, phosphonic acids carboxyl, carboxymethyl, Sulfonamide, disulfimide, carbonamide, dicarbimide and sulfocarbimide groups. These groups are connected to a network and therefore water-insoluble, but possibly water-swellable framework of an organic macromolecule bound, depending on its production can be a polycondensation or a polymerization resin.
Die Polykondensationsharze erhält man beispielsweise durch Umsetzung von Phenolen bzw. von saure Gruppen enthaltenden Phenolderivaten mit Aldehyden oder Ketonen, insbesondere mit Formaldehyd. Die sauren Gruppen lassen sich auch nach der Kondensation einführen.The polycondensation resins are obtained, for example, by reaction of phenols or of phenol derivatives containing acid groups with aldehydes or ketones, in particular with Formaldehyde. The acidic groups can also be introduced after the condensation.
Polymerisationsharze erhält man vorzugsweise durch Copolymerisation von Styrol oder von saure Gruppen enthaltenden Styrolderivaten mit Vernetzungsmitteln, wie z.B. Divinylbenzol, und ggf. nachträgliches Einführen von sauren Gruppen. Das Styrol läßt sich durch polymerisierbare Carbonsäuren ersetzen. Polymerization resins are preferably obtained by copolymerization of styrene or of acidic group-containing styrene derivatives with crosslinking agents such as divinylbenzene, and, if necessary, subsequent introduction of acidic groups. The styrene can be replaced by polymerizable carboxylic acids.
Diese organischen Kationenaustauscher werden bevorzugt in Form ihrer Salze eingesetzt; die zum Austausch mit Calcium befähigten Kationen können die gleichen sein wie bei den Aluminiumsilikaten .These organic cation exchangers are preferably used in the form of their salts; those used to exchange with calcium capable cations can be the same as with the aluminum silicates.
Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Kombinationen aus Aluminiumsilikaten und organischen Ionenaustauschern bzw. deren Salzen werden bevorzugt in Konzentrationen von 0,5-3 g/l eingesetzt. Dabei liegt das Verhältnis Aluminiumsilikat : organische Ionenaustauscher im Bereich von 10 : 1 - 1 : 10, vorzugsweise von 4 : 1 bis 1 : 4.The combinations of aluminum silicates and organic ion exchangers or their salts to be used according to the invention are preferably used in concentrations of 0.5-3 g / l. The aluminum silicate: organic ion exchanger ratio is in the range from 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably from 4 : 1 to 1: 4.
- 9 409847/0733 - 9 409847/0733
ORIGINALORIGINAL
Im übrigen gelten für die Erfindung, insbesondere für die einzusetzenden kationenaustauschenden Aluminiumsilikate, ihre Beschaffenheit und ihre Herstellung in vollem Umfange die Angaben des Hauptpatentes. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Möglichkeit, die Gehalte an organisch und/oder anorganisch gebundenem Phosphor in den Behandlungsflotten auf höchstens 0,6 g/l, insbesondere auf höchstens 0,3 g/l und in den Reinigungsmitteln auf höchstens 6 %, vorzugsweise auf höchstens 3 % zu senken.Otherwise apply to the invention, in particular to the one to be used Cation-exchanging aluminum silicates, their nature and their production in full the information of the main patent. This applies in particular to the possibility of determining the content of organically and / or inorganically bound phosphorus in the treatment liquors to a maximum of 0.6 g / l, in particular to a maximum of 0.3 g / l and in the cleaning agents to a maximum of 6%, preferably to a maximum of 3%.
- 10 -Afc,- 10 -Afc,
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Die folgenden Beispiele beschreiben spezielle Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zu dessen Durchführung. Dabei sind die Rezepturen gemäß dem Stand der Technik durch den Buchstaben "v" (= Vergleich) gekennzeichnet, die erfindungsgemäßen durch die Buchstaben "a", "b'V "c" bzw. "d".The following examples describe specific embodiments the method according to the invention and the inventive Means of carrying it out. The recipes according to the state of the art are identified by the letter "v" (= comparison) characterized, the invention by the letters "a", "b'V" c "and" d ".
Die verwandten Aluminiumsilikate hatten folgende Zusammensetzung: The related aluminum silicates had the following composition:
I: 0,9 Na_0 . A1OO_ . 2fO4 SiO0 . 4,3 H„0 (= 21,6 % H O)
voll kristallin
Calciumbindevermögen: 150 mg CaO/g ASI: 0.9 Na_0. A1 O O_. 2 f O4 SiO 0 . 4.3 H “0 (= 21.6% HO) fully crystalline
Calcium binding capacity: 150 mg CaO / g AS
V: 1,5Na2O . Al2O3 . 2 SiO . 3 H3O (= 14,4 % H2O)
. röntgenamorph
Calciumbindevermögen: 140 mg CaO/g ASV: 1.5 Na 2 O. Al 2 O 3 . 2 SiO. 3 H 3 O (= 14.4% H 2 O). X-ray amorphous
Calcium binding capacity: 140 mg CaO / g AS
VII: Na2O . Al3O3 . 2 SiO2 . H3O (= 6 % H3O)VII: Na 2 O. Al 3 O 3 . 2 SiO 2 . H 3 O (= 6% H 3 O)
röntgenamorphX-ray amorphous
Calciumbindevermögen: 150 mg CaO/g ASCalcium binding capacity: 150 mg CaO / g AS
XII: 0,9 Na2O . Al3O . 2 SiO3 . 3 H3O (=11% H3O)
voll kristallin
Calciumbindevermögen: 160 mg CaO/g ASXII: 0.9 Na 2 O. Al 3 O. 2 SiO 3 . 3 H 3 O (= 11% H 3 O) fully crystalline
Calcium binding capacity: 160 mg CaO / g AS
In den Rezepturen beziehen sich die Mengenangaben für die Aluminiumsilikate auf deren wasserfreie Aktivsubstanz, bestimmt durch eixistündiges Entwässern bei 800° C. Das in den Aluminiumsilikaten, enthaltene Wasser ist, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit weiterem» in dem Mittel enthaltenen Wasser, gesondert angegeben.In the recipes, the quantities given for the aluminum silicates relate to their anhydrous active substance, determined by dewatering for 1 hour at 800 ° C. The aluminum silicates, The water contained is indicated separately, if necessary together with other »water contained in the product.
"DCIC" bedeutet das Natrium- oder Kaliumsalz der Dichlorisocyanursäure ,//^ "DCIC" means the sodium or potassium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid , // ^
. - 11 - ^ 4098 4 7/0733. - 11 - ^ 4098 4 7/0733
Henkel & CIe GmbH ^. 11 ^rfaitntonm.w«ng D 4666/4750/4767/4816 Unter "Wasserglas flüssig" ist eine 35%ige Lösung eines Natriumsilikates der Zusammensetzung Na2O . 3,35 SiO, zu verstehen.Henkel & CIe GmbH ^. 11 ^ rfai t nton m .w «n g D 4666/4750/4767/4816 Under" water glass liquid "is a 35% solution of a sodium silicate with the composition Na 2 O. 3.35 SiO.
Das "Nonionic" ist ein unter dem Handelsnamen "Pluronic L 61" erhältliches Anlagerungsprodukt von Äthylenoxid an einen PoIypropylenglykoläther vom Molekulargewicht 1900, wobei der Anteil des Polypropylenglykoläthers 90 Gew.-% und der Anteil des PoIyäthylenglykoläthers 10 Gew.-% ausmacht.The "Nonionic" is an adduct of ethylene oxide with a polypropylene glycol ether available under the trade name "Pluronic L 61" of the molecular weight 1900, the proportion of the polypropylene glycol ether being 90% by weight and the proportion of the polyethylene glycol ether 10% by weight.
In einer handelsüblichen Haushaltsgeschirrspülmaschine wurden (a) Glasschalen, (b) Porzellanteller und (c) Tassen, wovon (a) mit angesetzten bzw. angebrannten Resten von Hackfleisch, Milch und Stärkepudding, (b) mit angetrocknetem Stärke- bzw. Haferflockenbrei und (c) mit Fettstift bzw. angetrockneten Teeresten beschmutzt waren, unter Verwendung der folgenden Mittel gespült. Die Härte des benutzten Leitungswassers war durch einen in die Maschine eingebauten Basenaustauscher auf 3 dH erniedrigt; die Spülmittelkonzentration betrug 3 g/l.In a standard household dishwasher, (a) glass bowls, (b) porcelain plates and (c) cups, of which (a) with attached or burnt-on remains of minced meat, milk and starch pudding, (b) with dried-on starch or oatmeal porridge and (c) were soiled with grease stick or dried-on tar residue, rinsed using the following agents. The hardness of the tap water used was reduced to 3 dH by a base exchanger built into the machine; the detergent concentration was 3 g / l.
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
Na5P3O10 Na 5 P 3 O 10
Aluminiumsilikat I Na2SiO3 Aluminum silicate I Na 2 SiO 3
Na2SO4 Na 2 SO 4
DCICDCIC
Nonionic WasserNonionic water
Es zeigte sich, daß die meisten Verschmutzungen mit den erfindungsgenäßen phosphorarmen oder phosphorfreien Mitteln mindestens ebenso gut entfernbar waren wie nit den phosphorhaltigeh Vergleichsprodukten gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Bei hartnäckigen, zum Teil leicht eingebrannten Verschmutzungen zeigten sich die erfindungsgemäßen Reiniger den Vergleichsprodukten sogar überlegen . //λIt was found that most of the soiling could be removed with the low-phosphorus or phosphorus-free agents according to the invention at least as easily as with the phosphorus-containing comparison products according to the prior art. In the case of stubborn, sometimes slightly burnt-in soiling, the cleaners according to the invention even proved to be superior to the comparison products. // λ
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Bei einer Wiederholung der hier beschriebenen Versuche, allerdings unter Verwendung nicht enthärteten Leitungswassers (16° dH) ergaben sich die gleichen Befunde wie bei Verwendung enthärteten Wassers; allerdings empfahl sich eine Erhöhung der Spülmittelkonzentration auf 5 g/l.If you repeat the experiments described here, however Using tap water that had not been softened (16 ° dH) gave the same results as using tap water softened water; however, we recommend increasing the detergent concentration to 5 g / l.
Zum Einsatz bei Porzellan mit empfindlichem Dekor eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung:Means of the following composition are suitable for use on porcelain with a sensitive decoration:
Zur Herstellung von granulierten, für den Einsatz in Haushaltspülmaschinen bestimmten Reinigern der unten angegebenen Rezeptur löst man das Nonionic in Wasser, setzt das Wasserglas hinzu und sprüht die Lösung auf ein Gemisch der restlichen, pulverförmiger in Bewegung befindlichen Bestandteile, was zweckxnäßigerweise in einer Granulierungsvorrichtung, z.B. auf einem Granulierteller geschieht. Nachdem das Wasser als Kristallwasser abgebunden ist, erhält man das gewünschte Granulat ./For the production of granulated, for use in household dishwashers certain cleaners of the recipe given below, the nonionic is dissolved in water and the water glass is added and spray the solution onto a mixture of the remaining, powdery components in motion, which are conveniently carried out in a granulating device, for example on a Granulating plate happens. After the water has set as crystal water, the desired granules are obtained ./
- 13 -- 13 -
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1 3 I()r>ft.nionm.idUn(, D 4666/Ψ75Ο/4767/48161 3 I () r> ft.nion m .id U n (, D 4666 / Ψ75Ο / 4767/4816
Die Prodakte werden in der gleichen Weise eingesetzt wie die Produkte nach Beispiel 1 oder 2; man erhält durchaus ähnliche Ergebnisse.The Prodakts are used in the same way as the Products according to Example 1 or 2; one gets quite similar results.
Zur Verwendung in Spülanlagen von Großküchen, Hotels usw.For use in dishwashing systems in large kitchens, hotels, etc.
eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung:Means of the following composition are suitable:
Bestandteilcomponent
AlN / A
Al
umin5 P 3 °
umin
iu10
iu
Bei einer Dosierung von beres Geschirr./VetWith a dosage of beres dishes./Vet
-4 g/l erhält man einwandfrei uau--4 g / l is obtained perfectly uau-
- 14 -Ait- 14 -Ait
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Die Reiniger dieses Beispiels eignen sich für die gleichen Verwendungszwecke wie die des Beispiels 4; sie sind wegen ihrer stärkeren Alkalität vor allem zum Einsatz in gewerblichen Groß anlagen mit sehr kurzer, z.B. nur 10-20 see. dauernder Einwirkungszeit der Lauge geeignet.The cleaner of this example are suitable for such purposes as that of Example 4; Because of their stronger alkalinity, they are primarily used in large commercial systems with a very short, for example, only 10-20 seconds. suitable for long-term exposure to the lye.
Bestandteilcomponent
Gew.-% Bestandteil beim Produkt % By weight component in the product
Aluminiumsilikat XII Na2SiO3 Aluminum silicate XII Na 2 SiO 3
Na2CO3 Na 2 CO 3
DCIC NaOH WasserDCIC NaOH water
Die Mittel nach Beispiel 5, 10, 15 und 20 eignen sich auch für Laboratoriumsspülmaschinen oder zum Reinigen von Wein-, Bier-, Milch-, Limonade- oder Mineralwasserflaschen. Beim Reinigen derartiger Flaschen kann es erwünscht sein, den Gehalt der Mittel an Natriumhydroxid zu erhöhen.The agents according to Example 5, 10, 15 and 20 are also suitable for laboratory dishwashers or for cleaning wine, beer, milk, lemonade or mineral water bottles. At the When cleaning such bottles, it may be desirable to increase the sodium hydroxide content of the compositions.
Die folgenden Beispiele 6-10 beschreiben Geschirrspülmittel, die neben Aluminiumsilikaten wasserlösliche Salze von polymeren Carbonsäuren enthalten. Als komplexbildende Polycarbonsäuren sind folgende Substanzen, vorzugsweise in Form ihrer Natriumsalze brauchbar:The following Examples 6-10 describe dishwashing detergents which, in addition to aluminum silicates, contain water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids. The following substances are suitable as complex-forming polycarboxylic acids, preferably in the form of them Sodium salts usable:
PolyacrylsäurePolyacrylic acid
Poly-a-hydroxyacrylsäurePoly-α-hydroxy acrylic acid
PolymaleinsäurePolymaleic acid
PolyitaconsäurePolyitaconic acid
Itacon-Aconitsäure-MischpolymerisatItacon-aconitic acid copolymer
Itacon-Acrylsäure-MischpolymerisatItacon-acrylic acid copolymer
Äthylen-Maleinsäure-MischpolymerisatEthylene-maleic acid copolymer
409847/0733409847/0733
- 15 -- 15 -
Vinylmethylather-Maleinsäure-Mischpolymerisat Isobutylen-Maleinsäure-Mischpolymerisat Polyoxycarbonsäure (= POC) 1 aus Acrolein und Formaldehyd, P = 120, COOH : OH = 1,87 POC 2 aus Acrolein und Formaldehyd P = 3, COOH : OH = 4,0 POC 3 aus Acrolein, P = 50, COOH : OH = 8,6 POC 4 aus Acrolein und Acrylsäure P = 10, COOH : OH = 3,6 POC 5 aus Acrolein, Acrylsäure und Formaldehyd P = 320, COOIl : OH ■■- 4,6Vinyl methyl ether-maleic acid copolymer isobutylene-maleic acid copolymer Polyoxycarboxylic acid (= POC) 1 from acrolein and formaldehyde, P = 120, COOH: OH = 1.87 POC 2 from acrolein and formaldehyde P = 3, COOH: OH = 4.0 POC 3 from acrolein, P = 50, COOH: OH = 8.6 POC 4 from acrolein and acrylic acid P = 10, COOH: OH = 3.6 POC 5 from acrolein, acrylic acid and formaldehyde P = 320, COOL: OH ■■ - 4.6
POC 6 aus Acrolein, Acrylsäure und FormaldehydPOC 6 from acrolein, acrylic acid and formaldehyde
P = 600, COOH : OH = 5,4P = 600, COOH: OH = 5.4
POC 7 aus Acrolein und FormaldehydPOC 7 from acrolein and formaldehyde
P = 5, COOH : OH = 1,5P = 5, COOH: OH = 1.5
POC 8 aus Acrolein und AcrylsäurePOC 8 from acrolein and acrylic acid
P - 60, COOH : OH = 2,3P - 60, COOH: OH = 2.3
POC 9 aus Acrolein, Acrylsäure und MaleinsäurePOC 9 from acrolein, acrylic acid and maleic acid
P = 65,' COOH : OH = 4,9P = 65, 'COOH: OH = 4.9
POC 10 aus Acrolein, Maleinsäure und FormaldehydPOC 10 from acrolein, maleic acid and formaldehyde
P = 90, COOH : OH = 1,0P = 90, COOH: OH = 1.0
POC 11 aus /icrolein, Acrylsäure und FormaldehydPOC 11 from / icrolein, acrylic acid and formaldehyde
P = 120, COOH : OH = 2,3P = 120, COOH: OH = 2.3
POC 12 aus Acrolein, P = 18, COOH : OH =8,3POC 12 from acrolein, P = 18, COOH: OH = 8.3
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Die im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Versuchsergebnisse ließen sich unter den gleichen Versuchsbedingungen (3 g/l; 3° dH) auch mit den folgenden Mitteln erzielen:The test results described in Example 1 could be obtained under the same test conditions (3 g / l; 3 ° dH) can also be achieved by the following means:
Bestandteilcomponent
Alurainiumsilikat I POC 1Aluminum silicate I POC 1
Na2SiO3 Na 2 SiO 3
Na2SO4 Na 2 SO 4
DCICDCIC
Nonionic WasserNonionic water
Gew.-% Bestandteil beim Produkt% By weight component in the product
Bei einer Wiederholung der hier beschriebenen Versuche, allerdings unter Verwendung nicht enthärteten Leitungswassers (16 dH); ergaben sich die gleichen Befunde wie bei Verwendung enthärteten Wassers.If the experiments described here are repeated, but using tap water that has not been softened (16 dH) ; The results were the same as when using softened water.
Zum Einsatz bei Porzellan mit empfindlichem Dekor eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung:They are suitable for use with porcelain with a sensitive decor Means of the following composition:
Bestandteilcomponent
Na5P3°1O Aluminiumsilikat V Na 5 P 3 ° 1O aluminum silicate V
POC 1POC 1
Na2SiO3 Na2O . 3,35 SiO2 Na2SO4 DClCNa 2 SiO 3 Na 2 O. 3.35 SiO 2 Na 2 SO 4 DClC
Nonionic WasserNonionic water
Gew.-% Bestandteil beim Produkt ν a b c d % By weight component in the product ν abcd
61,0 47,0 22,0 10,0 0,061.0 47.0 22.0 10.0 0.0
0,0 8,0 16,0 16,0 21,00.0 8.0 16.0 16.0 21.0
0,0 13,0 26,0 26,0 40,00.0 13.0 26.0 26.0 40.0
20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,020.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
0,0 12,0 0,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 1,00.0 12.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
8,0 8,0 11,0 8.0 8.0 11.0
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- 17 -- 17 -
Henkel &Cle GmbHHenkel & Cle GmbH
Zur Herstellung von granulierten, für den Einsatz in Haushaitspülraas-chinen bestimmten Reinigern der unten angegebenen Rezeptur löst man das Nonionic in Wasser, setzt das Wasserglas hinzu und sprüht die Lösung auf ein Gemisch der restlichen, pulverförmigen, in Bewegung befindlichen Bestandteile, was zweckmäß.igerweise in einer Granulierungsvorrichtung, z.B. auf einem Granulierteller geschieht. Nachdem das Wasser als Kristallwasser abgebunden ist, erhält man das gewünschte Granulat,For the production of granulated detergents of the recipe given below, intended for use in domestic washing machines, the nonionic is dissolved in water, the water glass is added and the solution is sprayed onto a mixture of the remaining, powdery, moving constituents, which expediently happens in a granulating device, for example on a granulating plate. After the water has set as crystal water, the desired granules are obtained,
Bestandteil " Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktIngredient "% by weight of ingredient in the product
ν a b cν a b c
Die Produkte werden in der gleichen Weise eingesetzt wie die Produkte nach Beispiel 1 oder 2 bzw. 6 oder 7; man erhält durchaus ähnliche Ergebnisse.The products are used in the same way as the products according to Example 1 or 2 or 6 or 7; you get quite similar results.
- 18 -A^- 18 - A ^
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PatontebteilmaPatontebteilma
Ti c j spiel 9: Ti c j game 9:
Zur Verwendung in Spülanlagen von Großküchen, Hotels usw. eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung:Means of the following composition are suitable for use in dishwashing systems in large kitchens, hotels, etc.
Bei einer Dosierung von 2-4 g/l erhält man einwandfrei sauberes Geschirr.With a dosage of 2-4 g / l you get perfectly clean dishes.
Die Reiniger dieses Beispiels eignen sich für die gleichen Verwendungszv/ecke v/ie die des Beispiels 4; sie sind wegen ih"er stärkeren Alkalität vor allem zum Einsatz in gewerblichen Großanlagen mit sehr kurzer, z.B. nur 10-20 see. dauernder j"inwirkungszeit der Lauge geeignet.The cleaners in this example are suitable for the same purposes v / ie those of Example 4; Because of their stronger alkalinity, they are primarily used in large commercial systems with a very short one, e.g. only 10-20 seconds. permanent j "effective time suitable for the lye.
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
ν a b cν a b c
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_ 19 ._ 19 .
«3«3
Die folgenden Beispiele 11 - 15 beschreiben erfindungsgemäß Mittel, in denen die Aluminiumsilikate teilweise durch einen wasserunlöslichen Ionenaustauscher ersetzt waren. (Auch hier lassen sich zusätzlich wasserlösliche Salze von polymeren Carbonsäuren einsetzen). Als Ionenaustauscher wurde eine Substanz auf Basis einer vernetzten Polystyrolsulfonsäure mit einem Calciumbindevermögen von 135 mg CaO/g Aktivsubstanz und einer Korngröße von 0,3 - 0,8 mm verwandt (Handelsprodukt: "LEWATH® S 100") .The following examples 11-15 describe according to the invention Means in which the aluminum silicates are partially replaced by a water-insoluble ion exchangers were replaced. (Here, too, water-soluble salts of polymeric Use carboxylic acids). A substance based on a crosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid was used as the ion exchanger a calcium binding capacity of 135 mg CaO / g active substance and a grain size of 0.3-0.8 mm (commercial product: "LEWATH® S 100").
Die im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Versuchsergebnisse ließen sich unter den gleichen Versuchsbedingungen (3 g/l; 3 dH) auch mit den folgenden Mitteln erzielen:The test results described in Example 1 could be obtained under the same test conditions (3 g / l; 3 dH) can also be achieved by the following means:
Bestandteil Gew.-ξ; Bestandteil beim ProduktConstituent weight-ξ; Part of the product
Na5P3°1O Aluminiumsilikat I Na 5 P 3 ° 1O aluminum silicate I.
Ionenaustauscher Na2SiO3 Ion exchanger Na 2 SiO 3
Na2SO4 Na 2 SO 4
DCICDCIC
Nonionic WasserNonionic water
Bei einer Wiederholung der hier beschriebenen Versuche, allerdings
unter Verwendung nicht enthärteten Leitungswassers (16 dH), ergaben si
enthärteten Wassers.When the tests described here were repeated, but using tap water that had not been softened (16 dH), the results were
softened water.
(16 dH), ergaben sich die gleichen Eefunde wie bei Verwendung(16 dH), the same results were obtained as with use
- 20 -*"*■- 20 - * "* ■
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Beispiel 12;Example 12;
Zum Einsatz bei Porzellan mit empfindlichem Dekor eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung: Means of the following composition are suitable for use on porcelain with a sensitive decoration:
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
ν abcdν abcd
Zu): Herstellung von granulierten, für den Einsatz in Haushaltspü!maschinen bestimmten Reinigern der unten angegebenen Rezeptur löst man das Nonionic in Wasser, setzt das Wasserglas hinzu und sprüht die Lösung auf ein Gemisch der restlichen,-pulverförmigen, in Bevregung befindlichen Bestandteile, was zv7eckmäßigerweise in einer Granulierungsvorrichtung, z.B. auf einem Granulierteller geschieht. Nachdem das Wasser als KrisLallvasoer abgebunden ist, erhält man das gewünschte Granulat.To): Manufacture of granulated products for use in household dishwashers certain cleaners of the recipe given below, if the nonionic is dissolved in water, the water glass is set and sprays the solution on a mixture of the remaining, powdery, components in motion what preferably in a granulating device, e.g. a granulating plate happens. After the water as KrisLallvasoer is set, the desired granules are obtained.
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
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_ 21 ._ 21 .
HenhoiÄCieGmbHHenhoiÄCieGmbH
Di© Produkt© werden in der gleichen Weise eingesetzt wie die Produkt® «seh Baispiel 1 oder 2 bzw. 11 oder 12? man erhält durchaus ähnliche Ergebnisse.The © Produkt © are used in the same way as the Product® «see example 1 or 2 or 11 or 12? you get quite similar results.
Zur Verwendung in Spülanlagen von Großküchen", Hotels usw. eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung:For use in dishwashing systems in large kitchens, hotels, etc. Means of the following composition are suitable:
Bei einer Dosierung von 2-4 g/l erhält man einwandfrei sauberes Geschirr.With a dosage of 2-4 g / l you get perfectly clean dishes.
Die Reiniger dieses Beispiels eignen sich für die gleichen Verwendungszwecke wie die der Beispiele 4 bzw. 14; sie sind wegen ihrer stärkeren Alkalität vor allem zum Einsatz in gewerblichen Großanlagen mit sehr kurzer, z.B. nur 10-20 see. dauernder Einwirkungszeit der Lauge geeignet.The cleaners of this example are suitable for the same purposes as those of Examples 4 and 14; they are Because of their stronger alkalinity, especially for use in large commercial systems with very short, e.g. only 10-20 seconds. suitable for long-term exposure to the lye.
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
ν a b cν a b c
Patentabteilung * νPatent department * ν
Vergleicht man die Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Produkte mit entsprechenden, Tripolyphosphat, jedoch kein Aluminiums!likat enthaltenden Produkten, so zeigt sich die vorteilhafte Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Produkte: die normalen Verschmutzungen der Praxis werden durch die erfinAingsgemäßen Mittel mindestens ebenso gut gelöst wie durch die Vergleichsprodukte; bei sehr hartnäckigen Verschmutzungen zeigen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Produkte den bekannten oft überlegen.If one compares the effect of the products according to the invention with corresponding tripolyphosphate, but no aluminum! likate containing products, this shows the beneficial effect of the products according to the invention: the normal soiling in practice by the means according to the invention at least solved just as well as by the comparable products; in the case of very stubborn soiling, those according to the invention are shown Products are often superior to known ones.
Ein Absetzen wasserunlöslicher Aluminiumsilikate in den Laugenbehältern von Großspülmaschinen wurde zum mindesten dann nicht festgestellt, wenn die Lauge dauernd in Bewegung gehalten und das Aluminiumsilikat umgewälzt wurde. Um bei längeren Stillstandszeiten ein irreversibles Absetzen der Aluminiumsilikate mit Sicherheit zu vermeiden, empfiehlt es sich, geeignete Vorrichtungen in die Laugenbehälter einzubauen, die ein Aufwirbeln des Aluminiumsilikates gestatten, oder dem Boden des Laugenbehälters eine Neigung zu geben, so daß evtl. sich absetzende Partikeln an die tiefste Stelle rutschen, wo sie durch das Ansaugrohr der Laugenpumpe in den Laugenkreislauf zurückbefördert werden.A settling of water-insoluble aluminum silicates in the tub large dishwashers were at least not detected when the lye was kept constantly in motion and the aluminum silicate was circulated. In order to prevent the aluminum silicates from settling irreversibly in the event of longer downtimes to avoid with certainty, it is advisable to install suitable devices in the tub that allow the aluminum silicate to be whirled up, or to give the bottom of the tub an incline so that possibly settling particles slide to the lowest point, where they enter the liquor cycle through the suction pipe of the drain pump be returned.
In dieser Hinsicht erwiesen sich die mikrokristallinen Aluminiumsilikate als besonders vorteilhaft: dies zeigte sich, wenn man die in den Beispielen 1-5 benutzten Aluminiumsilikate durch mikrokristalline Produkte ersetzte. Es handelte sich dabei um folgende Aluminiumsilikate:The microcrystalline aluminum silicates proved to be in this regard as particularly advantageous: this was found when the aluminum silicates used in Examples 1-5 replaced by microcrystalline products. The following aluminum silicates were involved:
- 23 -A,- 23 -A,
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Iir.r 0,9) Na2O . Al3O3 . 2,04 SiO3 . 4,3 H3O (= 21,6 RM7O
voll kristallin
Calciumbindevermögcn: i70 mg CaO/g ASIir.r 0.9) Na 2 O. Al 3 O 3 . 2.04 SiO 3 . 4.3 H 3 O (= 21.6 RM 7 O fully crystalline
Calcium binding capacity: 170 mg CaO / g AS
XITm: 0,9 Na3O . Al3O3 . 2 SiO3 . 3 H3O (= 11 % H3O)
voll kristallin
Calciumbindevermögen: 17 5 mg CaO/g ASXITm: 0.9 Na 3 O. Al 3 O 3 . 2 SiO 3 . 3 H 3 O (= 11% H 3 O) fully crystalline
Calcium binding capacity: 17 5 mg CaO / g AS
XIIIm: 0,28 Na3O . 0,62 K3O . Al3O3 . 2,04 SiO3 . 4,3 H3O (= 20,5 % H3O)XIIIm: 0.28 Na 3 O. 0.62 K 3 O. Al 3 O 3 . 2.04 SiO 3 . 4.3 H 3 O (= 20.5% H 3 O)
voll kristallin
Calciumbindevermögen: 150 mg CaO/g 7\Sfully crystalline
Calcium binding capacity: 150 mg CaO / g 7 \ S
XVIIIm: 0,9 Na3O . Al3O3 . 2 SiO3 . 4,4 H3O (= 22,2 % H3O)
voll kristallin
Calciumbindaverrnögen: 172 rag CaO/g ASXVIIIm: 0.9 Na 3 O. Al 3 O 3 . 2 SiO 3 . 4.4 H 3 O (= 22.2% H 3 O) fully crystalline
Calcium binding capacity: 172 rag CaO / g ai
Die durch Sedimentationsanalyse bestimmte Teilchengrößenverteilung der oben beschriebenen mikrokristallinen Produkte (daher die Kennzeichnung durch den angefügten Buchstaben "m") lag in folgendem Bereich:The particle size distribution determined by sedimentation analysis of the microcrystalline products described above (hence the designation with the appended letter "m") was in the following area:
> 40 μ = O % TeilchengröPenmaximum = 1 - 3 ρ> 40 μ = 0% particle size maximum = 1 - 3 ρ
< 1O μ = 100 % <1O μ = 100 %
< δ. μ = 99 %<δ. μ = 99%
Die folgenden Beispiele beschreiben Produkte, die mikrokristalline Aluminiumsilikate enthalten.The following examples describe products that contain microcrystalline aluminum silicates.
Die im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Versuchsergebnisse ließen sich unter den gleichen Versuchsbedingungen (3 g/l; 3° dH) auch mit den folgenden Mitteln erzielen:The test results described in Example 1 could be obtained under the same test conditions (3 g / l; 3 ° dH) can also be achieved by the following means:
- 24 -- 24 -
409847/0733409847/0733
Bestandteil Gow.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent Gow .-% component in the product
Na5P3°1O Aluminiumsilikat Im Na 5 P 3 ° 1O aluminum silicate Im
Zum Einsatz bei Porzellan mit empfindlichem Dekor eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung:They are suitable for use with porcelain with a sensitive decor Means of the following composition:
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
ν a be ά ν a be ά
Na5P3°1O 61'° 47'° 22'° 1O'° °?° Na 5 P 3 ° 1O 61 '° 47 ' ° 22 '° 1O ' ° °? °
Aluminiumsilikat XVIIIm 0,0 19,5 39,0 39,0 56^OAluminum silicate XVIIIm 0.0 19.5 39.0 39.0 56 ^ O
20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,020.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
3,35 SiO2 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,03.35 SiO 2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
11,ü 0,0 0,0 12,0 0,011, ü 0.0 0.0 12.0 0.0
* 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0* 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Nonionic 1 ,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0Nonionic 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Wasser 0,0 5,5 11,0 11,0 .16,0Water 0.0 5.5 11.0 11.0 .16.0
Zur Herstellung von granulierten, für den Kinsatz in [iaiuihaltspülmaschinen bestimmtem Reinigern der unten angegebene Rezeptur löst man das Nonionic in Wasser, setzt das Wasserglas hinzu und sprüht die Lösung auf ein Gemisch der restli chen, pulverförmiger!, in Bewegung befindlichen Bestandteile was zweckmäßigerweise in einer Granulierungsvos^ieht-ung? Eo auf einem Granulierteller geschieht. Nachdem das Wasser als Kristallwasser abgebunden ist, erhält man das gewüesgoht© Granulat.For the production of granulated, for use in dishwashers With certain detergents of the recipe given below, the nonionic is dissolved in water and the water glass is set added and sprays the solution onto a mixture of the restli chen, powdery! components in motion what is expedient in a granulating device? Eo happens on a granulating plate. After the water as Crystal water is set, you get the Gewüesgoht © Granules.
= 25 409847/0733= 25 409847/0733
Henkel &Cie GmbHHenkel & Cie GmbH
"iitentab'.eil'jng"iitentab'.eil'jng
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
Die Produkte werden in der gleichen Weise eingesetzt wie die Produkte nach Beispiel 1 und 2 bzw. 16 und 17? man erhält durchaus ähnliche Ergebnisse.The products are used in the same way as the products according to Examples 1 and 2 or 16 and 17? you get quite similar results.
Zur Verwendung in Spülanlagen vo.a Großküchen, Hotels usw. eignen sich Mittel der folgenden Zusammensetzung: For use in flushing systems vo.a commercial kitchens, hotels, etc. to agents are of the following composition:
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
ν a beν a be
Na5P3°1O Aluminiumsilikat XIIm Na 5 P 3 ° 1O aluminum silicate XIIm
2^ Na3SO4*'
Na3CO3 DCIC
H2O 2 ^ Na 3 SO 4 * 'Na 3 CO 3 DCIC
H 2 O
Bei einer Dosierung von, 2-4 g/l erhält man einwandfrei sauberes- Geschirr.With a dosage of. 2-4 g / l you get flawless clean dishes.
- 26. -,V- 26. -, V
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PatentabteiXr.äPatent AbteiXr.ä
Die Reiniger dieses Beispiels dienen sich für die gleichen Verwendungszwecke wie die des Beispiels 4; sie sind wegen ihrer stärkeren Alkalität vor allem zum Einsatz in gewerblichen Großanlagen mit sehr kurzer, z.B. nur 10-20 see. dauernder Einwirkungszeit der Lauge geeignet.The cleaners of this example serve themselves for the same Uses like that of Example 4; Because of their stronger alkalinity, they are mainly used in commercial applications Large systems with very short, e.g. only 10-20 seconds. more permanent Suitable for the lye to take effect.
Bestandteil Gew.-% Bestandteil beim ProduktComponent% by weight component in the product
- 27 - - 27 -
409847/0733409847/0733
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0327773A AT368185B (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-04-13 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING OF TEXTILES AND MEANS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS |
| AT401273A AT373621B (en) | 1973-05-07 | 1973-05-07 | METHOD FOR MACHINE RINSING DISHES AND MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| AT545873A AT330930B (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1973-06-20 | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID, SPILLABLE DETERGENTS OR CLEANING AGENTS WITH A CONTENT OF CALCIUM BINDING SUBSTANCES |
| AT0575773A AT381502B (en) | 1973-06-29 | 1973-06-29 | METHOD FOR MACHINE RINSING DISHES |
| AT0716073A AT381503B (en) | 1973-08-16 | 1973-08-16 | METHOD FOR MACHINE RINSING DISHES |
| AT800173A AT396691B (en) | 1973-09-17 | 1973-09-17 | Textile cleaning bath contg alumino silicates - as fine dispersion functioning as calcium sequestering agents |
| AT823773A AT339454B (en) | 1973-09-25 | 1973-09-25 | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID, SPILLABLE DETERGENTS OR CLEANING AGENTS WITH A CONTENT OF CALCIUM BINDING SUBSTANCES |
| AT945073A AT381504B (en) | 1973-11-09 | 1973-11-09 | METHOD FOR MACHINE RINSING DISHES |
| AT944973A AT375391B (en) | 1973-11-09 | 1973-11-09 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2412836A1 true DE2412836A1 (en) | 1974-11-21 |
Family
ID=27575561
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742412836 Withdrawn DE2412836A1 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | METHOD OF MACHINE WASHING OF DISHES AND MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| DE19742412838 Expired - Lifetime DE2412838C3 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHOSPHATARMS AND PHOSPHATE-FREE SOLIDS, PROTECTIVE WASHING OR CLEANING AGENTS, CONTAINING CALCIUM-BINDING SUBSTANCES |
| DE19742462497 Withdrawn DE2462497A1 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS |
| DE19742412837 Expired DE2412837C3 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | Means for washing or bleaching textiles using crystalline water-insoluble silicates, their preparation and their use |
Family Applications After (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19742412838 Expired - Lifetime DE2412838C3 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHOSPHATARMS AND PHOSPHATE-FREE SOLIDS, PROTECTIVE WASHING OR CLEANING AGENTS, CONTAINING CALCIUM-BINDING SUBSTANCES |
| DE19742462497 Withdrawn DE2462497A1 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS |
| DE19742412837 Expired DE2412837C3 (en) | 1973-04-13 | 1974-03-18 | Means for washing or bleaching textiles using crystalline water-insoluble silicates, their preparation and their use |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT330930B (en) |
| BE (3) | BE813581A (en) |
| DE (4) | DE2412836A1 (en) |
| FR (3) | FR2236928B2 (en) |
| GB (4) | GB1464427A (en) |
| LU (2) | LU69838A1 (en) |
| NL (3) | NL180232C (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0016344A1 (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1980-10-01 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing storage-stable and free-flowing suspensions of aluminium silicate which can be pumped, by wet crushing |
| EP0253323A2 (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-01-20 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Process for the preparation of free-flowing alcaline detergents by compacting granulation |
| EP0331370A2 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-06 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| DE3832885A1 (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1990-04-05 | Ifah Inst Fuer Angewandte Hygi | METHOD FOR MACHINE CLEANING, DISINFECTING AND RINSING DISHES AND THE APPROPRIATE AGENT |
| EP0468517A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-01-29 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Method and apparatus for washing dishes |
| DE102006011640A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-13 | Wp Engineering Ltd. | Water purification in dishwashers comprises subjecting the water fed into dishwasher to ion-exchange process in ion-exchanger filled in container, and regenerating ion-exchanger with regenerating agent from regeneration container |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT330930B (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1976-07-26 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID, SPILLABLE DETERGENTS OR CLEANING AGENTS WITH A CONTENT OF CALCIUM BINDING SUBSTANCES |
| US4605509A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1986-08-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate builders |
| US4136051A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1979-01-23 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Pourable washing compositions containing a luminosilicates and non-ionics and method for their preparation |
| AT373276B (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1984-01-10 | Henkel Kgaa | PROBLEABLE DETERGENTS CONTAINING NON-ionic surfactants |
| US3985669A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1976-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions |
| US4055505A (en) | 1974-07-12 | 1977-10-25 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Activated percompound bleaching compositions |
| AT335033B (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1977-02-25 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | LIQUID TO PASTE DETERGENT CONCENTRATE AND CLEANING AGENT CONCENTRATE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4427410A (en) | 1974-09-06 | 1984-01-24 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Fabric softening composition containing molecular sieve zeolite |
| CA1058040A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1979-07-10 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Molecular sieve zeolite-built detergent paste |
| ZA755347B (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1977-04-27 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Fabric softening composition containing molecular sieve zeolite |
| DE2540510A1 (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-03-25 | Colgate Palmolive Co | COARSE DETERGENTS |
| DE2463384C3 (en) * | 1974-10-02 | 1987-12-03 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Use of a crystalline zeolite powder of type A as a phosphate substitute in detergents and cleaning agents |
| DE2447021C3 (en) | 1974-10-02 | 1984-03-22 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Type A crystalline zeolite powder and the process for its preparation |
| AT334491B (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1976-01-25 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | RUBBER SCALE AGGLOMERATE FOR DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENTS AND THE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| AT375394B (en) * | 1974-10-04 | 1984-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
| ATA800274A (en) * | 1974-10-04 | 1983-12-15 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
| AT338948B (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1977-09-26 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | POWDERED DETERGENTS AND CLEANING AGENTS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| AT335035B (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1977-02-25 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | STABLE SUSPENSIONS OF WATER-INSOLUBLE, SILICATES CAPABLE OF BINDING CALCIUMIONS AND THEIR USE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DETERGENTS AND DETERGENTS |
| US4000094A (en) * | 1974-11-08 | 1976-12-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Water-insoluble aluminosilicate-containing detergent composition |
| GB1516848A (en) * | 1974-11-13 | 1978-07-05 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Detergent composition |
| US4066394A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1978-01-03 | Colgate-Palmolive | Reusable zeolite water softener for clothes washing |
| DE2510741C3 (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1985-05-30 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of a crystalline, ion-exchanging alkali aluminum silicate with a hydrophilic surface and its use |
| DE2510676C3 (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1982-04-22 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of a crystalline, ion-exchanging alkali aluminum silicate with a hydrophilic surface |
| DE2510675C3 (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1983-12-15 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of a crystalline, ion-exchanging alkali aluminum silicate with a hydrophilic surface and its use |
| DE2510742C3 (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1984-02-16 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the production of a crystalline, ion-exchanging alkali aluminum silicate with a hydrophilic surface and its use |
| US4088593A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1978-05-09 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Ion-exchanging aluminum silicate with hydrophilic surfaces |
| US4040972A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-08-09 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler | Ion-exchanging aluminum silicate with hydrophilic surfaces |
| DE2531342C2 (en) * | 1975-07-14 | 1985-07-25 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Process for washing and cleaning the surfaces of solid materials and means for carrying out the process |
| US4019999A (en) * | 1975-07-23 | 1977-04-26 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Spray-dried granular detergent containing aluminosilicate, silicate, and pyrophosphate |
| DE2544949B2 (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1978-05-11 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Method of washing textiles |
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| US4391727A (en) * | 1975-12-15 | 1983-07-05 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Non-caking bleach containing molecular sieve zeolite |
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| US4129511A (en) * | 1976-09-24 | 1978-12-12 | The Lion Fat & Oil Co., Ltd. | Method of spray drying detergents containing aluminosilicates |
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| DE2651445A1 (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A II CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
| DE2651420A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A V CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
| DE2651436A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A III CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
| DE2651437A1 (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A VI CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
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| DE2651419A1 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-05-18 | Degussa | TYPE A IV CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE POWDER |
| DE2660728C2 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1987-03-12 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for producing a crystalline zeolite powder of type A |
| DE2660726C2 (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1987-03-12 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for producing a crystalline zeolite powder of type A |
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| US4409136A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1983-10-11 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Molecular sieve zeolite-built detergent paste |
| US4397777A (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1983-08-09 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Heavy duty laundry detergent |
| DE2714604C3 (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1985-04-25 | Joh. A. Benckiser Gmbh, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Granulate based on polymer phosphate and ion-exchanging alkali aluminosilicate |
| AT352242B (en) | 1977-05-04 | 1979-02-15 | Henkel Kgaa | TEXTILE DETERGENTS |
| AT375974B (en) * | 1977-05-13 | 1984-09-25 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF FINE-PARTICLE, WATER-INSOLUBLE ALKALIAL ALUMINUM SILICATES AS A SOAP TOOL FOR THE TREATMENT OF COLORING AND PRINTING WITH NAPHTOL DYES, REACTIVE DYES, DISPOSAL FABRIC AND DISPOSAL DISPOSERS |
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| BE874420A (en) | 1978-03-02 | 1979-08-23 | Unilever Nv | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS |
| FR2423536A1 (en) | 1978-04-17 | 1979-11-16 | Interox | COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD FOR WASHING AND BLEACHING |
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| GR66589B (en) | 1978-06-22 | 1981-03-30 | Snam Progetti | |
| DE2829165A1 (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-01-17 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALUMOSILICATE GRANULES |
| DE2844455A1 (en) * | 1978-10-12 | 1980-04-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Powdered phosphate free washing compsn. - contg. aluminosilicate, surfactant and rapidly soluble sodium silicate |
| DE2852285A1 (en) * | 1978-12-02 | 1980-06-12 | Henkel Kgaa | LOW-PHOSPHATE FRUIT SALT MIXTURE AND THEIR USE IN DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENTS |
| US4415489A (en) * | 1979-04-06 | 1983-11-15 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Process for making high solids content zeolite A-alkylbenzene sulfonate compositions suitable for use in making spray dried detergent compositions |
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| US3112176A (en) * | 1961-10-04 | 1963-11-26 | Minerals & Chem Philipp Corp | Base-exchange zeolite and method for making the same |
| NL296018A (en) * | 1962-08-01 | |||
| GB1050204A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | |||
| US3230840A (en) * | 1963-05-22 | 1966-01-25 | Elliott F Hanson | Fluid operated device |
| ZA670030B (en) * | 1966-03-09 | |||
| DE1667620C3 (en) * | 1967-08-09 | 1980-04-03 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the controlled production of sodium aluminum silicates with predetermined chemical and / or physical properties |
| US3580853A (en) * | 1967-09-27 | 1971-05-25 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions containing particle deposition enhancing agents |
| DK129724A (en) * | 1968-04-03 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| GB1318184A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1973-05-23 | Unilever Ltd | Detergent composition |
| US3671439A (en) * | 1969-07-22 | 1972-06-20 | American Home Prod | Oxygen bleach-activator systems stabilized with puffed borax |
| US3650967A (en) * | 1969-09-15 | 1972-03-21 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Enzymatic granules |
| DE1964025A1 (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1971-06-24 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Detergents and cleaning agents |
| DE1964023A1 (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1971-06-24 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Detergents and cleaning agents |
| DE1964024A1 (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1971-06-24 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Detergents and cleaning agents |
| DE1964026A1 (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1971-06-24 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Detergents and cleaning agents |
| DE2056701A1 (en) * | 1969-12-30 | 1971-07-08 | Economics Laboratory Inc , Si Paul, Minn (V St A ) | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of agglomerated detergents |
| AT322511B (en) * | 1970-06-15 | 1975-05-26 | Martinswerk G M B H Fuer Chem | PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT MANUFACTURING OF A PURE CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITHIC MOLECULAR SCREEN WITH A PORE WIDTH OF 4Å. |
| US3716488A (en) * | 1970-09-04 | 1973-02-13 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Textile fabric cleaning compositions |
| DE2055423A1 (en) * | 1970-11-11 | 1972-05-18 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim, Rudolf A. Oetker, 6501 Budenheim | Washing compositions - containing water-insoluble crosslinked cation -exchange polymers especially crosslinked polystyrene,polyacrylic acid |
| DE2056814C3 (en) * | 1970-11-19 | 1973-09-27 | Chemische Werke Huels Ag, 4370 Marl | Detergent containing a structural substance |
| US3769222A (en) * | 1971-02-09 | 1973-10-30 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Free flowing nonionic surfactants |
| US3755180A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-08-28 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Means to inhibit overglaze damage by automatic dishwashing detergents |
| ZA734721B (en) * | 1972-07-14 | 1974-03-27 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| JPS5147164B2 (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-12-13 | ||
| JPS5319049B2 (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1978-06-19 | ||
| AT330930B (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1976-07-26 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID, SPILLABLE DETERGENTS OR CLEANING AGENTS WITH A CONTENT OF CALCIUM BINDING SUBSTANCES |
| US4605509A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1986-08-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate builders |
| DE2333068C3 (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1983-06-09 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the preparation of a powdery crystalline zeolitic molecular sieve of type A and its use |
| DE2433485A1 (en) * | 1973-07-16 | 1975-02-06 | Procter & Gamble | ALUMINOSILICATE ION EXCHANGERS SUITABLE FOR USE IN DETERGENTS |
| ES437284A1 (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1977-07-01 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent compositions |
| JPS5838919B2 (en) | 1974-06-24 | 1983-08-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | Power supply circuit for flash device |
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| AT375394B (en) * | 1974-10-04 | 1984-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR WASHING OR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND MEANS THEREOF |
-
1973
- 1973-06-20 AT AT545873A patent/AT330930B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1974
- 1974-03-13 NL NL7403383A patent/NL180232C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-13 NL NL7403381A patent/NL159712C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-13 NL NL7403382A patent/NL159713C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-18 DE DE19742412836 patent/DE2412836A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-03-18 DE DE19742412838 patent/DE2412838C3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-03-18 DE DE19742462497 patent/DE2462497A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-03-18 DE DE19742412837 patent/DE2412837C3/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-29 FR FR7411144A patent/FR2236928B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-03-29 FR FR7411148A patent/FR2234366B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-03-29 FR FR7411143A patent/FR2225568B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 GB GB1578874A patent/GB1464427A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 GB GB1579874A patent/GB1473571A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 GB GB4827976A patent/GB1473202A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-10 GB GB1579774A patent/GB1473201A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-11 BE BE143080A patent/BE813581A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-11 LU LU69838A patent/LU69838A1/xx unknown
- 1974-05-06 LU LU70004A patent/LU70004A1/xx unknown
- 1974-05-06 BE BE143947A patent/BE814581R/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-06-19 BE BE145619A patent/BE816560A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2143771A1 (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1972-03-09 | Societe Francaise Des Silicates Speciaux Sifrance, Paris | Non-corrosive, solid detergent and cleaning agent |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0016344A1 (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1980-10-01 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing storage-stable and free-flowing suspensions of aluminium silicate which can be pumped, by wet crushing |
| EP0253323A2 (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-01-20 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Process for the preparation of free-flowing alcaline detergents by compacting granulation |
| EP0253323A3 (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-08-17 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the preparation of free-flowing alcaline detergents by compacting granulation |
| EP0331370A2 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-06 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| EP0331370A3 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-07-25 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
| DE3832885A1 (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1990-04-05 | Ifah Inst Fuer Angewandte Hygi | METHOD FOR MACHINE CLEANING, DISINFECTING AND RINSING DISHES AND THE APPROPRIATE AGENT |
| EP0468517A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-01-29 | Daikin Industries, Limited | Method and apparatus for washing dishes |
| US5427127A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1995-06-27 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for washing dishes, sticking inhibitor and rinsing assistant |
| DE102006011640A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-13 | Wp Engineering Ltd. | Water purification in dishwashers comprises subjecting the water fed into dishwasher to ion-exchange process in ion-exchanger filled in container, and regenerating ion-exchanger with regenerating agent from regeneration container |
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