DE2145851C3 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Oxydation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Oxydation von Methanol zu FormaldehydInfo
- Publication number
- DE2145851C3 DE2145851C3 DE2145851A DE2145851A DE2145851C3 DE 2145851 C3 DE2145851 C3 DE 2145851C3 DE 2145851 A DE2145851 A DE 2145851A DE 2145851 A DE2145851 A DE 2145851A DE 2145851 C3 DE2145851 C3 DE 2145851C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- molybdenum
- formaldehyde
- iron
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- YHOAAZUHLXRENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Fe+2].[Mo+4].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Mo+4].[O-2].[O-2] YHOAAZUHLXRENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000158147 Sator Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910017135 Fe—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100443626 Mus musculus Dner gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010724 circulating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VHGKVXDVTSBOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+) molybdenum(4+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Fe+2].[Mo+4] VHGKVXDVTSBOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZNPCLUBXJLRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo]=O HZNPCLUBXJLRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 molybdenum iron chloride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/881—Molybdenum and iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/37—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of >C—O—functional groups to >C=O groups
- C07C45/38—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of >C—O—functional groups to >C=O groups being a primary hydroxyl group
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Priority Applications (22)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE788730D BE788730A (fr) | 1971-09-14 | Procede de preparation d'un catalyseur pour l'oxydation de methanol en formaldehyde | |
| DE2145851A DE2145851C3 (de) | 1971-09-14 | 1971-09-14 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Oxydation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd |
| NL7208837A NL7208837A (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-06-27 | |
| FI2006/72A FI57354C (fi) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-07-13 | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av en katalysator foer oxidering av metanol till formaldehyd |
| DD164573A DD98279A5 (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-07-18 | |
| ZA725081A ZA725081B (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-07-24 | Process for the production of a catalyst for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde |
| CS526572A CS158585B2 (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-07-25 | |
| ES405351A ES405351A1 (es) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-07-29 | Procedimiento para la preparacion de un catalizador para laoxidacion de metanol con gases que contienen oxigeno. |
| YU02018/72A YU201872A (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-08-04 | Process for producing catalysts for the oxidation of methaanol into formaldehyde by means of oxygenous gases |
| FR7230222A FR2152578B1 (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-08-24 | |
| US00285540A US3843562A (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-08-31 | Process for the production of a catalyst suitable for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde |
| IT69794/72A IT968310B (it) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-01 | Procedimento per la preparazione di un catalizzatore per ossidazione del metanolo in formaldeide |
| GB4155172A GB1397153A (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-07 | Production of a catalyst for oxidising methanol |
| BR006251/72A BR7206251D0 (pt) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-11 | Processo para a preparacao de um catalisador para oxidacao de metanol a formaldeido |
| PL1972157707A PL85061B1 (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-12 | |
| RO72209A RO61435A (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-13 | |
| AT784472A AT321252B (de) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Oxydation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd |
| CA151,721A CA993434A (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-14 | Process for producing a catalyst for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde |
| SE7211896A SE407680B (sv) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-14 | Forfarande for oxidation av metanol med syrehaltig gas till formaldehyd samt katalysator for genomforande av forfarandet |
| JP47092765A JPS5210433B2 (OSRAM) | 1971-09-14 | 1972-09-14 | |
| US05/451,291 US3978136A (en) | 1971-09-14 | 1974-03-14 | Process for the production of a catalyst suitable for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde |
| SE7600252A SE7600252L (sv) | 1971-09-14 | 1976-01-12 | Forfarande for framstellning av en katalysator for oxidation av metanol till formaldehyd |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2145851A DE2145851C3 (de) | 1971-09-14 | 1971-09-14 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Oxydation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2145851A1 DE2145851A1 (de) | 1973-03-22 |
| DE2145851B2 DE2145851B2 (de) | 1975-03-06 |
| DE2145851C3 true DE2145851C3 (de) | 1975-12-04 |
Family
ID=5819489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2145851A Expired DE2145851C3 (de) | 1971-09-14 | 1971-09-14 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators zur Oxydation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3843562A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5210433B2 (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | AT321252B (OSRAM) |
| BE (1) | BE788730A (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR7206251D0 (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA993434A (OSRAM) |
| CS (1) | CS158585B2 (OSRAM) |
| DD (1) | DD98279A5 (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2145851C3 (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES405351A1 (OSRAM) |
| FI (1) | FI57354C (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2152578B1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1397153A (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT968310B (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL7208837A (OSRAM) |
| PL (1) | PL85061B1 (OSRAM) |
| RO (1) | RO61435A (OSRAM) |
| SE (2) | SE407680B (OSRAM) |
| YU (1) | YU201872A (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA725081B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3978136A (en) * | 1971-09-14 | 1976-08-31 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler | Process for the production of a catalyst suitable for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde |
| DE2304762A1 (de) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-08-15 | Degussa | Herstellung von formaldehyd in einer wirbelschicht mit einem bestimmten temperaturgradienten |
| JPS5344383U (OSRAM) * | 1976-09-21 | 1978-04-15 | ||
| JPS5812081Y2 (ja) * | 1978-08-31 | 1983-03-08 | 株式会社三豊製作所 | 測定器 |
| IN153057B (OSRAM) * | 1978-09-21 | 1984-05-26 | British Petroleum Co | |
| DE102008048698A1 (de) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysator zur Oxidation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd |
| EP2213370A3 (de) * | 2009-01-09 | 2014-09-03 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators fuer die Oxidation von Methanol zu Formaldehyd |
| DE102010040921A1 (de) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure aus Methanol und Essigsäure |
| DE102010040923A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure aus Ethanol und Formaldehyd |
| US20140121403A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated Process for the Production of Acrylic Acids and Acrylates |
| US9120743B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2015-09-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of acrylic acids and acrylates |
| RU2695617C1 (ru) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-24 | Акционерное общество "Техметалл-2002" | Способ получения катализатора окисления метанола до формальдегида |
-
0
- BE BE788730D patent/BE788730A/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-09-14 DE DE2145851A patent/DE2145851C3/de not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-06-27 NL NL7208837A patent/NL7208837A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1972-07-13 FI FI2006/72A patent/FI57354C/fi active
- 1972-07-18 DD DD164573A patent/DD98279A5/xx unknown
- 1972-07-24 ZA ZA725081A patent/ZA725081B/xx unknown
- 1972-07-25 CS CS526572A patent/CS158585B2/cs unknown
- 1972-07-29 ES ES405351A patent/ES405351A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-08-04 YU YU02018/72A patent/YU201872A/xx unknown
- 1972-08-24 FR FR7230222A patent/FR2152578B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-08-31 US US00285540A patent/US3843562A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-09-01 IT IT69794/72A patent/IT968310B/it active
- 1972-09-07 GB GB4155172A patent/GB1397153A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-11 BR BR006251/72A patent/BR7206251D0/pt unknown
- 1972-09-12 PL PL1972157707A patent/PL85061B1/pl unknown
- 1972-09-13 RO RO72209A patent/RO61435A/ro unknown
- 1972-09-13 AT AT784472A patent/AT321252B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-09-14 JP JP47092765A patent/JPS5210433B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-09-14 CA CA151,721A patent/CA993434A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-14 SE SE7211896A patent/SE407680B/xx unknown
-
1976
- 1976-01-12 SE SE7600252A patent/SE7600252L/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE788730A (fr) | 1973-01-02 |
| YU201872A (en) | 1982-06-18 |
| SE407680B (sv) | 1979-04-09 |
| JPS4837385A (OSRAM) | 1973-06-01 |
| NL7208837A (OSRAM) | 1973-03-16 |
| SE7600252L (sv) | 1976-01-12 |
| IT968310B (it) | 1974-03-20 |
| CA993434A (en) | 1976-07-20 |
| AT321252B (de) | 1975-03-25 |
| FI57354C (fi) | 1980-08-11 |
| JPS5210433B2 (OSRAM) | 1977-03-24 |
| ES405351A1 (es) | 1975-07-16 |
| GB1397153A (en) | 1975-06-11 |
| RO61435A (OSRAM) | 1977-01-15 |
| DE2145851B2 (de) | 1975-03-06 |
| BR7206251D0 (pt) | 1973-08-23 |
| PL85061B1 (OSRAM) | 1976-04-30 |
| DD98279A5 (OSRAM) | 1973-06-12 |
| US3843562A (en) | 1974-10-22 |
| FI57354B (fi) | 1980-04-30 |
| FR2152578A1 (OSRAM) | 1973-04-27 |
| FR2152578B1 (OSRAM) | 1975-03-07 |
| ZA725081B (en) | 1973-04-25 |
| CS158585B2 (OSRAM) | 1974-11-25 |
| DE2145851A1 (de) | 1973-03-22 |
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