DE1768133A1 - Kristallines Mannitol und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents
Kristallines Mannitol und Verfahren zu dessen HerstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE1768133A1 DE1768133A1 DE19681768133 DE1768133A DE1768133A1 DE 1768133 A1 DE1768133 A1 DE 1768133A1 DE 19681768133 DE19681768133 DE 19681768133 DE 1768133 A DE1768133 A DE 1768133A DE 1768133 A1 DE1768133 A1 DE 1768133A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- mannitol
- crystals
- solution
- crystallization
- sorbitol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic System
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/04—Esters of boric acids
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Description
Dr. Walter Beil -3. APR. 1968
Alired Hoeppener
Dr. ihr s Jor/üra WoKf
Dr. Hans Chr. Beil
Dr. ihr s Jor/üra WoKf
Dr. Hans Chr. Beil
Frankfurt a. M- - Höchst
Unsere No. H 598
Atlas Chemical Industries Inc. Wilmington, Delaware, V.St.A.
Kristallines Mannitol und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
Die Erfindung betrifft eine neue kristalline Form des Mannitols
sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung ein kristallines Mannitol in Form von Plättchen
sowie die Abtrennung des Mannitols aus wäßrigen Lösungen, in denen es in Mischung mit Sorbitol vorliegt.
Ein großer Teil des im Handel befindlichen Mannitols wird durch Reduktion von Hexoeen oder Mischungen von Hexosen, insbesondere
fruktosehaltigen Produkten wie invertierte Sucrose, alkali-isomeri·
eierte Glucose u.a. hergestellt. Die Verfahren zur Reduktion, z.B.
die elektrolytische Reduktion oder die Hydrierung wäßriger Zuckerlöeungen
unter Druck in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren sind aus der einschlägigen Literatur vollständig bekannt. Wird Mannitol aus
der leicht erhältlichen invertierten Sucrose (Invertzucker) oder aus Glucose hergestellt, so wird stets gleichzeitig Sorbitol gebildet.
Infolgedessen muß eine weitere Verfahrenestufe zur Behandlung
des reduzierten Produktes angeschlossen werden, damit reines Mannitol erhalten werden kann.
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In der derzeitigen industriellen Praxis wird Mannitol aus wäßrigen
Lösungen, in denen es in Mischung mit Sorbitol vorliegt, durch Kristallisation gewonnen, wobei man die erheblich geringere Löslichkeit des Mannitols - im Vergleich zum Sorbitol - in Wasser ausnutzt.
Man geht dabei so vor, daß eine heiße konzentrierte Lösung einer Sorbitol-Mannitol-Mischung bis unter die Sattigungstemperatür des
Mannitols in einem wäßrigen sorbitolhaltigen Medium abgekühlt, mit nadeiförmigen Mannitolkristallen geimpft und dann unter Rühren weiter abgekühlt wird. Mit fortschreitender Kristallisation werden die
Mutterlaugen dick; üblicherweise filtriert man die Kristalle von einem Teil der Mutterlaugen periodisch ab, leitet das Filtrat in
das Kristallisiergefäß zurück und setzt das Kühlen fort. Beim Abkühlen von 60 auf 200C lassen sich beispielsweise 4 oder 5 "Niederschläge" mit allmählich tiefer werdender Temperatur gewinnen; hierdurch wird die Anhäufung von Kristallen in dem Ansatz bis zu dem
Punkt, an dem die Mutterlaugen nicht mehr gepumpt und filtriert werden können, verhindert.
Die Mannitolkristalle, die unter den vorstehend beschriebenen Bedingungen gebildet werden, sind nadeiförmig und setzen der filtration einen erheblichen Widerstand entgegen. Die Filtrationsgeschwindigkeit ist infolgedessen sehr niedrig und der Filterkuchen ist nur
schwer zu reinigen. Das führt weiterhin dazu, daß lange Filtrationszeiten notwendig sind und daß der Filterkuchen unerwünscht große
Mengen an Mutterlaugen zurückhält, die die Reinheit des Kuchens beeinträchtigen. Eine Abtrennung der nadeiförmigen Mannitolkristalle
aus den Mutterlaugen durch Zentrifugieren hat sich nicht als günstig erwiesen, und zwar auch infolge der extrem langen Zelten, die hierfür erforderlich sind.
Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Erfindung sollen die Naohteile, die bisher bei der Herstellung von kristallisiertem Mannitol in Kauf genommen werden mußten, ausgeschaltet werden. Mit Hilfe der Erfindung
lassen sich Mannitolkristalle gewinnen, die leicht filtrierbar und leicht zentrifugierbar sind; die Filterkuchen weisen einen hohen
Grad von Reinheit auf. Die mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren1
hergestellten Mannitolkristalle liegen in Form von Plättchetfvor.
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Bezug auf das Mannitol gesättigt oder übersättigt 1st, durch. Zugabe
von Impfkristallen des Mannitols, die Plattchenform anstelle
der Nadelform aufweisen, und gleichzeitiges Abkühlen zur Kristallisation
gebracht. Arbeitet man in dieser Weise, so kristallisiert das Mannitol in Plättchenform und nicht in form von Nadeln; die
kristallhaltigen Lösungen lassen sich rascher filtrieren und von
den Mutterlaugen befreien. Man erreicht auf diese Weise kürzere Filtrationszeiten und größere Kuohenreinhelt; der Arbeitsvorgang
läßt sich insgesamt beschleunigen und die Materialmenge Bei der
ümkristallisation der Rohkuchen anfällt, ist verringert.
Bei der Herstellung von kristallinem Mannitol in Plättchenform gemäß der Erfindung erzeugt man zunächst eine Aufschlämmung von
Mannitolkristallen in einer wäßrigen lösung, die Sorbitol und Mannitol enthält und mit Bezug auf das Mannitol übersättigt ist.
Die Aufschlämmung muß dieselbe Gesamtzusammensetzung aufweisen
wie die Lösung, aus der das Mannitol auskristallislert werden soll.
Diese zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung wird bei einer Temperatur, die mit Bezug auf das Mannitol über der Sättigungstemperatur
liegt, in ein Kristallisiergefäß eingefüllt, das mit Rührer und einer Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung ausgestattet ist. Hier wird die
Lösung auf eine !Temperatur abgekühlt, die 10 bis 300C unter der
Sättigungstemperatur liegt. Die Keimbildung der Mannitolkristalle In Nadelform erfolgt spontan oder kann - falls erwünscht - durch
Zugabe einer geringen Menge pulverförmiger Mannitolkristalle in Nadelform beschleunigt werden.
Die so gebildete Aufschläiimmung wird bei einer konstanten Temperatur
gehalten, die 10 bis 300C unter der Sättigungstemperatur der
Lösung, die zur Kristallisation gebracht werden soll, liegt. Dann beginnt man mit der Zugabe der Lösung, die zur Kristallisation
gebracht werden soll, und zwar bei einer Temperatur, die über der Sättigungstemperatur liegt. Die Zugabegeschwindigkeit beträgt 1/15
bis 1/2 des Volumens des Ansatzes im Kristallisationsgefäß pro Stunde; kristallhaltige Lösung wird aus dem Kristallieationsgefaß
mit etwa derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung nachgefüllt wird. Auf diese Weise
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bleibt das Volumen, in dem Krietallisationsgefäß im wesentlichen
konstant. Die durchschnittliche Verweildauer der zur Kristallisation, bestimmten Lösung in dem Kristallisationsbehälter liegt
auf diese Weise zwischen 2 und 15 Stunden.
Bei der Untersuchung zeigte sich, daß die Kristalle in dem zuerst
abgezogenen Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen unter diesen Bedingungen anfänglich nahezu vollständig die Form von Nadeln haben. Kit fortschreitender Betriebsdauer treten aber auch Kristalle
mit Plättchenform auf, wobei das Verhältnis von Kristallen mit Plättchenform zu Kristallen mit Nadelform sich ständig vergrößert,
bis nahezu alle Kristalle Plättchenform haben. Während des Zeitraumes, in welchem das abgezogene Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und
Kristallen sowohl Kristalle in Nadelform als auch Kristalle in Plättchenform enthält, kann dies ggfs. wieder über die Sättigungstemperatur für Mannitol erwärmt und in die zur Kristallisation
bestimmte Lösung zurückgeleitet werden. Es kann auch unter Rühren weiter abgekühlt werden, damit sich weitere Mannitolkristalle
in der beschriebenen Weise abscheiden.
Wird ein Mutterlauge-Kristall-Gemisch, in welchem die Mannitolkristalle nahezu alle Plättchenform aufweisen, abgezogen, so kann
die Herstellung des kristallinen Mannitöle gemäß der Erfindung
beginnen. Das Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen kann nach und nach abgekühlt werden, wobei nach und nach "Niederschläge"
von Mannitolkristallen in der weiter vorn beschriebenen Weise abgezogen werden.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist auf die Kristallisation von
Mannitol aus wäßrigen Lösungen beliebigen Reinheitsgrades anwendbar, z.B. auf wäßrige Lösungen, die 1 bis lOOji Mannitol (Trockenprodukt) enthalten. Die Vorteile der größeren Filtrationsgeschwindigkeit und der größeren Reinheit der Filterkuchen machen sich
aber am stärksten bemerkbar, wenn die Mutterlaugen erhebliche Mengen an Sorbitol enthalten. Das erfindungegemäße Verfahren ist daher mit besonderem Vorteil auf Lösungen anwendbar, die 15 bis 90
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BAD ORKaIiSiAL
Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 Gewichtsprozent, Sorbitol,
bezogen auf den feststoffgehalt, enthalten, während der Rest der
lösungen, aus Mannitol besteht.
Die auf das Mannitol bezogene Sattigungstemperatür der zur Kristallisation
bestimmten Lösung hängt sowohl von dem Mannitol-Sorbitol-Yerhältnis
als auch von dem Vassergehalt der Lösung ab. Sie kann für jede beliebige Lösung leicht bestimmt werden, indem man Proben
der Lösung auf verschiedene Temperaturen bringt, jeweils eine kleine Menge gepulvertes kristallines Mannitol einrührt und beobachtet,
ob sich die Kristalle lösen oder ob sie wachsen. Sei der exakten Sättigungstemperatur tritt weder ein Wachstum noch eine.
Lösung ein. Als Anhaltspunkt für die Bestimmung der Bereiche, in denen die genaue Sättigungstemperatur einer bestimmten Lösung nachgeprüft
werden muß, sind nachstehend die Sättigungstemperaturen
einiger typischer Lösungen angegeben.
Sättigungstemperaturen für Mannitol in Mannitol-Sorbitol-Vasser-Systemen
i» Wasser, bezogen | ia Mannitol, bezogen | Sättigungstemperatur, |
auf die Gesamtmenge | auf Trockensubstanz | σ0 |
35 | 20 | 50 |
25 | 30 | 77 |
45 | 50 | 61 |
60 | 75 | 53 |
Das erfindungsgemäße kristalline Mannitol in Plättchenfora unterscheidet
sich deutlich von dem bisher bekannten kristallinen Mannitol. Mannitolkristalle in Plättchenform können leicht durch Röntgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse,
thermische Differentialanalyse oder IR-Ana-Iyse
identifiziert werden. Bei der Röntgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse
von plättchenförmigen Mannitalkristallen unter Verwendung von Röntgenstrahlen
einer Kupfer-Antikathode erhält man Pulverdiagramme, in denen der ä-Abstand der stärksten Linie etwa 9 Angstrom beträgt.
Bei der thermischen Differentialanalyse zeigen plättohenförmige
Mannitalkrietalle einen exothermen Peak bei etwa 1560C. Das IR-Ab-
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βorptionsepektrum von plattohenfermigen Mannitolkristallen ist von
dem ASTM-Spektrum für Mannitol (ASTH No. 6.943) deutlich verschieden.
Die folgenden Beispiele dienen der weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung. Sie Beispiele 1 und 2 erläutern die Herstellung eines Mutterlauge-Kristall-Gemisches, welches kristallines Mannitol in Plättchen·
form enthält, aus wäßrigen Lösungen von Sorbitol-Mannitol-Mischungen.
Ein Kilby-Kristallisiergefäß mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 492 1
wird mit einer Aufschlämmung gefüllt, die aus Mannitolkristallen in einer wäßrigen Lösung von Sorbitol und Mannitol besteht. Sie Aufschlämmung wird unter langsamem Rühren bei einer Temperatur von
530C gehalten. Eine wäßrige Mannitol-Sorbitol-Lösung, die 30# Mannitol und 7Q# Sorbitol (Trockensubstanz) und 25J* Wasser (bezogen auf
das Gesamtgewicht) enthält, wird auf 770C erhitzt und kontinuierlich zu der Aufschlämmung gegeben, wobei man die Aufschlämmung
weiterhin auf einer Temperatur von 530C hält. Sas Gemisch aus zur
Kristallisation bestimmter Lösung und Aufschlämmung wird mit derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung zugeführt wird. Sie zur Kristallisation bestimmte
Lösung wird mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 76 bis 95 1 pro Stunde zugeführt, so daß sich eine durchschnittliche Verweildauer in der Apparatur von ungefähr 6 Stunden ergibt. Beständige Arbeitsbedingungen
sind nach etwa 10 Tagen erreicht; die abgezogen· Aufschlämmung enthält etwa 1656 Mannitolkristalle (Trockensubstanz), die praktisch
alle in Plättchenform vorliegen.
Ein Röntgenstrahl-Pulverdiagramm der plättchenförmigen Mannitolkristalle wurde unter Verwendung eines Siffraktometers vom Typ
Tem-Pres Unit XD-1 auf folgende Weise erhalten: 0,1 g plättohenförmige Mannitolkristalle wurden mit Äthylalkohol aufgeschlämmt; iie
Aufschlämmung wurde auf einen Objektträger aus Glas aufgebracht, von welchem der Alkohol verdampft wurde. Sas Mannitol auf dem Objektträger hatte etwa die Größe eines 1OPfg-Stüoke und war lichtundurchlässig. Sie Mannitolprobe wurde Röntgenstrahlen von einer Kupfer-
10 9 8 3 6/1 U91
- 7 -
Antikathode, die ein Nickelfilter passiert hatten., ausgesetzt.
Sie Beufrungsstrahlen wurden von einem Strahlungsdetektor aufgefangen, der mit einem Bandschreiber gekoppelt war. Die Beugungsintensität (Zahl der Treffer pro Zeiteinheit) wurde in einem
Diagramm gegen den Beugungewinkel aufgetragen. Die ö-Abstände
der drei stärksten Linien sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammen
mit den d-Abständen der drei stärksten Linien im ASTM-PuIverdiagramm für Mannitol (AStM No. 8-753) angegeben.
Röntgenstrahl-Pulverdiagramm-Werte
der d-Abstände der drei stärksten Linien in Angström
Mannitol-Plättchen | 9,00 | 4,47 | 4,31 |
ASTM 8-753 | 4,74 | 3,80 | 4,21 |
Beispiel 2 |
Sin senkrechter Tank mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 492 1$ der
am oberen Jände eine ZuführungsÖffnung und am unteren Ende eine
Auslaßöffnung aufweist und mit Kühlschlange zur Aufreeß. ϊ#ΐ>ι&!Λ ä
einer konstanten Temperatur sowie einem Rührer ausgerüstet ist, wurde zur Kristallisation benutzt. Das KristallisiergefäS wurde
mit 492 1 einer wferigen Lösung mit einer Temperatur von 780C gefüllt, die 30# Mannitol und 70#Sorbitol (Trockensubstanz) und
26# Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthielt. Die Lösung
wurde auf 680C abgekühlt, mit Mannitolkristallen geimpft, und
weiter auf 550C abgekühlt, so daß sich eine Aufschlämmung von
Mannitolkristallen in einer wäßrigen Mannitol-Sorbitol-Löeung bildete. Eine wäßrige zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung von
780C, die 30^ Mannitol und 7Oj6 Sorbitol (Trockensubstanz) und
2656 Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthielt, wurde der
Aufschlämmung zugesetzt, wobei die Temperatur der sich ergebenden Mischung bei 550C gehalten wurde. Das entstehende Gemisch
wurde aus dem Kristallisiergefäß mit derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung zugeftthrt wurde, so daß die Substanzmenge in dem Kristallisationsgefäß konstant blieb. Die Zuführungs- und AbzugsgeBOhwindigkeit
1 09836/U91
- 8 -
- 8 -
lag bei 151 - 170 1 pro Stunde, so daß sich eine durchschnittlicf Verweildauer in dem Kristallisationsgefäß voa etwa drei Stunden
ergab. Sobald stetige Reaktionsbedingungen erreicht waren, enthielt
das abgezogene Magma, das ist das Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen, ungefähr die Hälfte seines gesamten Mannitolgehaltes
als Kristalle in Plättchenform, während die restliche Menge in Lösung vorlag.
Die Kurven für Mannitol in Plättchenform und Mannitol in der üblichen Nadelform mit Hilfe der thermischen Differentialanalyse
wurden in einem thermischen Differential-Analysiergerät vom Typ DuPont 900 bestimmt. Die endothermen und exothermen Peaks
jeder Probe sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.
Analysendaten der thermischen Differentialanalyse
Mannitolprobe Maxima der endothermen Maxima der exothei
_.„_.__ Peaks men Peaks
Mamiiüol-Plättchen 1 Peak, 1670C 1 Peak, 1560C
Mannitol-Nadeln 1 Peak, 1670C kein
Die folgenden Beispiele 3 und 4erläutern die Kristallisation von Mannitol aus wäßrigen Mannitol-Sorbitol-Lösungen unter Verwendung
von Mannitolkristallen in Plättchenform als Impfkristalle.
Ein Magma, bestehend aus plättchenförmigen Mannitolkristallen
in einer wäßrigen Sorbitol-Mannitol-Lösung wird wie in den vorhergehenden
Beispielen beschrieben hergestellt und in einen Kristallisiertank
überführt, der mit einem Rührer und mit Kühlschlangen ausgestattet ist. Die Anfangsbedingungen waren/olgende:
Gewicht des eingefüllten Magmas 122 kg
Wassergehalt im Magma 24,11^
Mannitolgehalt im Ansatz (SG*) 3O,92#
109836/U91
- 9 -
Mannitolgehalt als Kristalle (T.G.^ 15,
Anfängstemperatu
* Trockengewicht
Anfangstemperatur 530C
Der Ansatz wurde mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 30C pro Stunde abgekühlt.
Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas sich bis auf 900 cp erhöht hatte, wurde eine Menge abgezogen, die einen nassen filterkuchen
von etwa 4,5 kg ergab und durch eine Platten- und -fiahmen-filterpres
se filtriert wurde. Der Kuchen wurde nicht gewaschen, sondern nur 45 Minuten mit Luft durchgeblasen, um soviel wie möglich von der
anhängenden Mutterlauge auszutreiben. Das Piltrat und die ausgetriebenen Mutterlaugen wurden in den Kristallisiertank zurückgelei- Jt
tet, wodurch das Magma etwas verdünnt wurde. Anschließend wurde weiter abgekühlt. Sobald die Viskosität wieder auf 900 cp angestiegen
war, wurde ein zweiter "Kristallabstich" vorgenommen und in der beschriebenen Weise filtriert, wobei das Piltrat ebenfalls in
das Kristallisationgefäß zurückgeleitet wurde. Im Verlauf es Verfahrens wurden 5 "Abstiche" gemacht; danach hatte die Temperatur
bis auf 180C abgenommen. Die Aufschlämmung wurde eine weitere
Stunde bei dieser Temperatur gerührt und dann filtriert; das Piltrat wurde zur Lagerung abgestellt. Die sich bei den verschiedenen
Abstichen ergebenden Daten sind nachfolgend zusammengestellt. Die Piltrationsgeschwindigkeiten waren bei allen Abstichen bis auf den
letzten sehr zufriedenstelland,und die Kuchenreinheiten waren gleich
mäßig hoch. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 2 |
Abstich | 38 | 35 | 32 | 25 | 18 | ,8 | 18, | ||
Abstichtemperatur 0C | .14 | 10 | 11 | 18 | 84 | 5 | 27 | 0 | |
Piltrationsge- schwindigkeit in Min |
5,0 | 5,4 | 5,2 | 5, | 03 | ,0 | 5, | ||
Kuchengewicht (NG*J in kg |
11 | 79 | |||||||
Kuohenanalyee | - | - | 9,30 | 10, | 81 | 74 | ,34 | 8, | 63 |
JiH2O | - | - | 74,93 | 75, | 56 | ,90 | 78, | ||
£ Mannitol (TG*) | 33 | 44 | |||||||
Piltratanalyse | — | - | - | 31, | 6 | ,94 | 32, | 03 | |
0 H2O | - | - | - | 8, | ,69 | 7, | |||
i» Mannitol (TG*) | 109836 | /H91 | |||||||
** Haßgewioht | 10 - | ||||||||
Eine Kristallisiervorrichtung für absatzweisen Betrieb wurde mit 118 kg PAI beschickt. PAI ist eine wäßrige Lösung von Alkoholen,
die bei der Hydrierung von Invertzuckerlösung anfällt und die
29,5$ Mannitol (Trockensubstanz), 70,5^ Sorbitol (Trockensubstanz)
und 25»74$ Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthält. Die
Lösung gelangte in die Kristallisiervorrichtung mit einer Tempera= tür von 820C und wurde auf 70°C abgekühlt. Darauf wurde die Lo=
sung mit 0,3$ Mannitolkristallen in Plättchenform aus einem Roh=
kuchen einer voraufgegangenen Kristallisation geimpft; die Impf=
kristallmenge ist auf das Gewicht der Feststoffe bezogen. Darauf wurde das Abkühlen mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 30O pro Stunde
fortgesetzt. Sobald die ViBkositat des Magmas auf 900 cp angestie=
gen ist, wird eine Menge, die Awa 4,5 kg nassen filterkuchen er= gibt, abgezogen und durch eine Platten-und -fahmen-filterpresse
filtriert. Der Kuchen wird 45 Minuten mit Luft durchgeblasen, οϊ-die
anhaftende Mutterlauge soweit wie möglich auszutreiben. Das ,. Filtrat und die ausgetriebene Mutterlauge werden in die Kristalli=
sationsvorrichtung zurückgeleitet, so daß das Magma verdünnt wird.
Danach wird das Abkühlen fortgesetzt. Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas infolge neuen Kristallwachstums wieder 900 cp erreicht hat,
wird ein zweiter "Kristallabstich11 vorgenommen, der in derselben
Weise wie vorstehend beschrieben filtriert wird. Das Piltrat wird wiederum in die Kristallisiervorrichtung zurüokgeleitet. Diese
Arbeitsweise wird fünfmal wiederholt; danach hat die Temperatur bis auf 180C abgenommen. Die Aufschlämmung wird dann bei 180C
noch eine Stunde gerührt und schließlich filtriert. Das aus allen "Abstrichen1* abfiltrierte Mannitol war kristallin und plättchen=
förmig
109836/1491
Claims (4)
1) Mannitolkristalle in Plättchen« bzw. Tafelform.
2) Mannitolkristalle geiaaß Anspi-uch 1, dadurch gekenazelehnet,
daß der dAbatand der stärksten Linie des Rontgenstrahl-Beugungs=
diagrammea bei etwa 9 in.gst.rcim liegt,
3) Verfahren zum Kriatallisierea von Mannitol aus wäßrigen lösungen,
die ggfs. auch Sorbitol ^athalten, bei Temperaturen, die unter
den Sättigungstemperaturen liegen, durch Impfen mit Mannitol= kriatallen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mannitolkristalle
Plättchen- bzw. Tafelform aufweisen.
4) Verfahren nach Anspruch 3» dadurch gekennzeichnets daß die
Lösung kontinuierlich in eiaen Tank eingeleitet wird, der eine Aufschlämmung von plättchenformigen Mannitolkr!stallen in v?äß=
riger Mannitol -Sorbitol-Losung enthält, i^ret ü'äin.pu-.^&tur 10 bis
300C unter der Sättigungstemperatur des Mannitöl« liegt» während
gleichzeitig mit einer der Zuführungsgescbwinöig:; :«a ent
sprechenden Geschwindigkeit (Sresamtgemlsch abgezogen wirü, .»o iaß
sich in dem Tank eine Verweildauer von 2 bis 15 Stunden ergibt.
Für Atlas Chemical Industries Inc. Wilmington, Delaware, V.St.A*
Rechtsanwalt
1098 3
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1768133A1 true DE1768133A1 (de) | 1971-09-02 |
DE1768133B2 DE1768133B2 (de) | 1974-04-04 |
Family
ID=27585215
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681768133 Pending DE1768133A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1968-04-04 | Kristallines Mannitol und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE1768933A Expired DE1768933C3 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1968-07-15 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE2141441A Granted DE2141441B2 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-18 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE2147416A Expired DE2147416C2 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-09-22 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE19762610934 Pending DE2610934A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1976-03-16 | Vergaser fuer ottomotoren |
Family Applications After (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1768933A Expired DE1768933C3 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1968-07-15 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE2141441A Granted DE2141441B2 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-18 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE2147416A Expired DE2147416C2 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-09-22 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE19762610934 Pending DE2610934A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1976-03-16 | Vergaser fuer ottomotoren |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US3637794A (de) |
CA (2) | CA987656A (de) |
DE (5) | DE1768133A1 (de) |
FR (3) | FR2113788B1 (de) |
GB (8) | GB1214171A (de) |
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DE1096343B (de) * | 1958-02-12 | 1961-01-05 | United States Borax Chem | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metaborsaeureestern |
NL242626A (de) * | 1958-08-27 | |||
DE1128420B (de) * | 1958-12-22 | 1962-04-26 | Olin Mathieson | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Borsaeurealkylestern |
US3080412A (en) * | 1959-03-31 | 1963-03-05 | Dow Chemical Co | Borate esters of glycol monoethers |
US3257455A (en) * | 1959-08-07 | 1966-06-21 | Ethyl Corp | Preparation of boron hydrides and amine boranes |
NL257672A (de) * | 1959-12-09 | |||
US3151189A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1964-09-29 | Ford Motor Co | Carburetor |
US3316287A (en) * | 1964-04-06 | 1967-04-25 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Organic polyalkyleneoxy borates |
US3377288A (en) * | 1964-11-05 | 1968-04-09 | Olin Mathieson | Hydraulic pressure transmission fluid |
US3329614A (en) * | 1964-11-10 | 1967-07-04 | Olin Mathieson | Hydraulic pressure transmission fluid |
US3414519A (en) * | 1965-06-21 | 1968-12-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Corrosion inhibitor |
US3410913A (en) * | 1965-11-26 | 1968-11-12 | Texaco Inc | Alcohol manufacture |
FR1492877A (fr) * | 1966-04-14 | 1967-08-25 | Sibe | Perfectionnements aux carburateurs à volet de départ et came de ralenti accéléré |
US3414243A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1968-12-03 | Ford Motor Co | Carburetor having a cold starting enrichment mechanism |
US3637794A (en) * | 1967-04-13 | 1972-01-25 | Olin Mathieson | Borate esters prepared by successive reactions of boric acid with glycol monoethers and polyols |
FR2180160A5 (de) * | 1972-04-10 | 1973-11-23 | Sire |
-
1967
- 1967-07-14 US US653337A patent/US3637794A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-04-01 US US717996A patent/US3625899A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-04-04 DE DE19681768133 patent/DE1768133A1/de active Pending
- 1968-07-05 GB GB32261/68A patent/GB1214171A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-05 GB GB1232369D patent/GB1232369A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-05 GB GB1232370D patent/GB1232370A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-15 DE DE1768933A patent/DE1768933C3/de not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-11-05 US US00087306A patent/US3729497A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-11-16 FR FR7040995A patent/FR2113788B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-04-12 US US00133407A patent/US3711412A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-12 US US00133452A patent/US3711410A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-15 US US00134456A patent/US3711411A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-05-17 CA CA113,157A patent/CA987656A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-17 CA CA113,158A patent/CA980756A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-20 GB GB1604471*[A patent/GB1354355A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-08-18 DE DE2141441A patent/DE2141441B2/de active Granted
- 1971-09-02 FR FR7131836A patent/FR2132617B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-09-22 DE DE2147416A patent/DE2147416C2/de not_active Expired
- 1971-11-20 GB GB1604371*[A patent/GB1382418A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-01-20 GB GB3405071A patent/GB1384251A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-01-20 GB GB2513674A patent/GB1384685A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-02-11 GB GB5263/76A patent/GB1531096A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-16 DE DE19762610934 patent/DE2610934A1/de active Pending
- 1976-04-14 FR FR7611004A patent/FR2307970A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA987656A (en) | 1976-04-20 |
DE2141441C3 (de) | 1987-12-03 |
DE2141441B2 (de) | 1981-07-23 |
FR2307970A1 (fr) | 1976-11-12 |
US3711410A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
GB1531096A (en) | 1978-11-01 |
DE1768933C3 (de) | 1982-09-16 |
US3625899A (en) | 1971-12-07 |
US3637794A (en) | 1972-01-25 |
DE2147416A1 (de) | 1973-07-26 |
US3711411A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
GB1232369A (de) | 1971-05-19 |
FR2132617B2 (de) | 1975-07-11 |
DE1768133B2 (de) | 1974-04-04 |
DE2141441A1 (de) | 1973-08-16 |
US3729497A (en) | 1973-04-24 |
GB1384685A (en) | 1975-02-19 |
FR2132617A2 (de) | 1972-11-24 |
DE1768933A1 (de) | 1972-04-20 |
GB1232370A (de) | 1971-05-19 |
US3711412A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
DE2147416C2 (de) | 1984-09-20 |
CA980756A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
FR2307970B1 (de) | 1978-05-05 |
GB1214171A (en) | 1970-12-02 |
FR2113788B1 (de) | 1974-08-23 |
DE1768933B2 (de) | 1977-11-10 |
FR2113788A1 (de) | 1972-06-30 |
GB1384251A (en) | 1975-02-19 |
DE2610934A1 (de) | 1976-10-21 |
GB1382418A (en) | 1975-01-29 |
GB1354355A (en) | 1974-06-05 |
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