DE1768133B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE1768133B2 DE1768133B2 DE1768133A DE1768133A DE1768133B2 DE 1768133 B2 DE1768133 B2 DE 1768133B2 DE 1768133 A DE1768133 A DE 1768133A DE 1768133 A DE1768133 A DE 1768133A DE 1768133 B2 DE1768133 B2 DE 1768133B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- mannitol
- crystals
- crystallization
- solution
- sorbitol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 77
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- SWMBOMMGMHMOHE-MHLULTLJSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SWMBOMMGMHMOHE-MHLULTLJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241001660766 Labeo rohita Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011549 crystallization solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036186 satiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019627 satiety Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/04—Esters of boric acids
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/78—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing boron
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/20—Compounds containing nitrogen
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/24—Polyethers
- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C10M145/28—Polyoxyalkylenes of alkylene oxides containing 2 carbon atoms only
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- C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M1/00—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
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- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
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- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
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- C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
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- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
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- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C10M2201/105—Silica
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Description
Kristallen mit Plättchenform zu Kristallen mit Nadelform sich ständig vergrößert, bis nahezu alle Kristalle
Plättchenform haben. Während des Zeitraumes, in welchem das abgezogene Gemisch aus Mutterlauge
und Kristallen sowohl Kristalle in Nadelform als auch Kristille in Plättchenform enthält, kann dies gegebenenfalls
wieder über die Sättigungstemperatur für Mannit erwärmt und in die zur Kristallisation bestimmte
Lösung zurückgeleitet werden. Es kann auch unter Rühren weiter abgekühlt werden, damit sich weitere
Mannitkristalle in der beschriebenen Weise abscheiden.
Wird ein Mutterlauge-Kristall-Gemisch, in welchem die Mannitkristalle nahezu alle Plättchenform aufweisen,
abgezogen, so kann die Herstellung des kristallinen Mannits gemäß dd Erfindung beginnen. Das
Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen kann nach und nach abgekühlt werden, wobei nach und nach
»Niederschläge« von Mannitkristallen in der weiter vorn beschriebenen Weise abgezogen werden.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist auf die Kristallisation von Mannit aus wäßrigen Lösungen beliebigen
Reinheitsgrades anwendbar, z. B. auf wäßrige Lösungen, die 1 bis 100°0 Mannit (Trockenprodukt)
enthalten. Die Vorteile der größeren Filtrationsgeschwindigkeit und der größeren Reinheit der Filterkuchen
machen sich aber am stärksten bemerkbar, v.cnn die Mutterlaugen erhebliche Mengen an Sorbit
enthalten. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist daher mit besonderem Vorteil auf Lösungen anwendbar, die
15 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 Gewichtsprozent,
Sorbit, bezogen auf den Feststoff gehalt, entfalten, während der Rest der Lösungen aus Mannit
besteht.
Die auf das Mannit bezogene Sättigungstemperatur der zur Kristallisation bestimmten Lösung hängt sowohl
von dem Mannit-Sorbit-Verhältnis als auch von
dem Wassergehalt der Lösung ab Sie kann für jede beliebige Lösung leicht bestimmt werden, indem man
Proben der Lösung auf verschiedene Temperaturen bringt, jeweils eine kleine Menge gepulvertes kristallines
Mannit einrührt und beobachtet, ob sich die Kristalle lösen oder ob sie wachsen. Bei der exakten Sätliguiigstemperatur
tritt weder ein Wachstum noch eine Lösung ein. Als Anhaltspunkt für die Bestimmung der
Bereiche, in denen die genaue Sättigungstemperatur einer bestimmten Lösung nachgeprüft werden muß,
sind nachstehend die Sättigungstemperaturen einiger typischer Lösungen angegeben.
Sättigungstemperaturen für Mannit
in Mannit-Sorbit-Wasser-Systemen
in Mannit-Sorbit-Wasser-Systemen
Wasser, bezogen auf | Mannit, bezogen auf | Sättigungs |
die Gesamtmenge | Trockensubstanz | temperatur |
(1Vo) | (1Vo) | CC) |
35 | 20 | 50 |
25 | 30 | 77 |
45 | :50 | 61 |
60 | 75 | 53 |
Das erfindungsgemäße kristalline Mannit in Plättchenform unterscheidet sich deutlich von dem bisher
bekannten kristallinen Mannit. Mannitkristalle in Plättchenform können leicht durch Röntgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse,
thermische Differentialanalyse oder IR-Analyse identifiziert werden. Bei der Rönlgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse
von plältchenförmigen Mannitkristailen unter Verwendung von Röntgenstrahlen einer Kupfer-Antikathode erhält man Pulverdiagramme,
in denen der ^/-Abstand der stärksten Linie etwa 9 Angstrom beträgt. Bei der thermischen Differentialanalyse
zeigen plättchenförmige Mannitkristalle einen exothermen Peak bei etwa 156° C. Das IR-Absorptionsspektrum
von plättchenförmigen Mannitkristallen ist von dem ASTM-Spektrum für Mannit
(ASTM Nr. 6943) deutlich verschieden.
ίο Die folgenden Beispiele dienen der weiteren Erläuterung
der Erfindung. Die Beispiele 1 und 2 erläutern die Herstellung eines Mutterlauge-Kristall-Gemisches,
welches kristallines Mannit in Plättchenform enthält, aus wäßrigen Lösungen von Sorbit-Mannit-Mischungen.
Ein Kilby-Kristallisiergefäß mit einem Fassungsvermögen
von 492 1 wird mit einer Aufschlämmung gefüllt, die aus Mannitkristallen in einer wäßrigen Lösung
von Sorbit und Mannit besteht. Die Aufschlämmung wird unter langsamem Rühren bei einer Temperatur
von 53 L C gehalten. Eine wäßrige Mannit-Sorbit-Lösung,
die 30 °„ Mannit und 70°u Sorbit (Trockensubstanz)
und 25 °o Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht)
enthält, wird auf 77C erhitzt und kontinuierlich zu der Aufschlämmung gegeben, wobei man
die Aufschlämmung weiterhin auf einer Temperatur von 53 C hält. Das Gemisch aus zur Kristallisation
bestimmter Lösung und Aufschlämmung wird mit derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur
Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung zugeführt wird. Die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung wird mit einer
Geschwindigkeit von 76 bis 95 1 pro Stunde zugeführt, so daß sich eine durchschnittliche Verweildauer in der
Apparatur von ungefähr 6 Stunden ergibt. Beständige Arbeitsbedingungen sind nach etwa 10 Tagen erreicht;
die abgezogene Aufschlämmung enthält etwa 16",,
Mannitkristalle (Trockensubstanz), die praktisch alle in Plättchenform vorliegen.
Ein Röntgenstrahl-Pulveidiagramm der plättchenförmigen
Mannitkristalle wurde unter Verwendung eines Diffraktometers vom Typ Tem-Pres Unit XD-I
auf folgende Weise erhalten: 0,1 g plättchenförmige
Mannitkristalle wurden mit Äthylalkohol aufgeschlämmt; die Aufschlämmung wurde auf einen Objektträger
aus Glas aufgebracht, von welchem der Alkohol verdampft wurde. Das Mannit auf dem Objektträger
hatte etwa die Größe eines 10 Pfennig-Stücks und war lichtundurchlässig. Die Mannitprobe
wurde Röntgenstrahlen von einer Kupfer-Antikathode, die ein Nickelfilter passiert hatten, ausgesetzt. Die
Beugungsstrahlen wurden von einem Strahlungsdetektor aufgefangen, der mit einem Bandschreiber
gekoppelt war. Die Beugungsintensität (Zahl der Treffer pro Zeiteinheit) wurde in einem Diagramm
gegen den Beugungswinkel aufgetragen. Die d-kbstände der drei stärksten Linien sind in der folgenden
Tabelle zusammen mit den {/-Abständen der drei
stärksten Linien im ASTM-Pulverdiagramm für Mannit (ASTM Nr. 8-753) angegeben.
Röntgenstrahl-Pulverdiagramm-Werte
der {/-Abstände der drei stärksten Linien
in Angstrom
Mannit-Plättchen
ASTM 8-753
ASTM 8-753
9,00
4,74
4,47
3,80
3,80
4,31
4,21
4,21
Ein senkrechter Tank mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 492 1, der am oberen Ende eine Zuf ührungsörfnung
und am unteren Ende eine AuslaßöTnung aufweist und mit Kühlschlange zur Aufrechterhaltung einer konstanten
Temperatur sowie einem Rührer ausgerüstet ist, wurde zur Kristallisation benutzt. Das Kristallisiergefäß
wurde mit 4921 einer wäßrigen Lösung mit einer Temperatur von 78c C gefüllt, die 30% Mannit
und 70% Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 26% Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthielt. Die Lösung
wurde auf 680C abgekühlt, mit Mannitkristallen geimpft
und weiter auf 550C abgekühlt, so daß sich eine
Aufschlämmung von Mannitkristallen in einer wäßrigen Mannit-Sorbit-Lösung bildete. Eine wäßrige, zur
Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung von 780C, die 30% Mannit und 70% Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 26%
Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthielt, wurde der Aufschlämmung zugesetzt, wobei die Temperatur
der sich ergebenden Mischung bei 55"C gehalten wurde. Das entstehende Gemisch wurde aus
dem Kristallisiergefäß mit derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte
Lösung zugeführt wurde, so daß die Substanzmenge in dem Kristallisationsgefäß konstant blieb. Die Zuführungs-
und Abzugsgeschwindigkeit lag bei 151 bis 170 I
pro Stunde, so daß sich eine durchschnittliche Verweildauer in dem Kristallisationsgefäß von etwa 3 Stunden
ergab. Sobald stetige Reaktionsbedingungen erreicht waren, enthielt das abgezogene Magma, das ist das
Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen, ungefähr die Haltte seines gesamten Mannitgehaltes als Kristalle in
Plättchenform, während die restliche Menge in Lösung vorlag.
Die Kurven für Mannit in Plättchenform und Mannit in der üblichen Nadelform mit Hilfe der thermischen
Differentialanalyse wurden in einem thermischen Differential-Analysiergerät vom Typ DuPont 900
bestimmt. Die endothermen und exothermen Peaks jeder Probe sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.
Analysendaten der thermischen Differentialanalyse
Mannitprobc
Mannit-Plättchen
Mannit-Nadeln
Mannit-Nadeln
Maxima der endothermen Peaks
Maxima der exothermen Peaks
1 Peak, 1670C 1 Peak, 1670C
1 Peak, 156°C kein
Die folgenden Beispiele 3 und 4 erläutern die Kristallisation von Mannit aus wäßrigen Mannit-Sorbit-Lösungen
unter Verwendung von Mannitkristallen in Plättchenform als Impfkristalle.
Ein Magma, bestehend aus plä'ttchenförmigen
Mannitkristallen in einer wäßrigen Sorbit-Mannit-Lösung, wird wie in den vorhergehenden Beispielen
beschrieben hergestellt und in einen Kristallisiertank überführt, der mit einem Rührer und mit Kühlschlangen
ausgestattet ist. Die Anfangsbedingungen waren folgende:
Gewicht des eingefüllten Magmas 122 kg
Wassergehalt im Magma 24,11 %
Mannitgehalt im Ansatz (TG*) ... 30,92% Mannitgchalt als Kristalle (TG*) 15,2 %
Anfangstemperatur 53°C
* Trockengewicht
Der Ansatz wurde mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 30C pro Stunde abgekühlt. Sobald die Viskosität des
Magmas sich bis auf 900 cp erhöht hatte, wurde eine Menge abgezogen, die einen nassen Filterkuchen von
etwa 4,5 kg ergab und durch eine Platten- und Rahmen-Filterpresse filtriert wurde. Der Kuchen wurde nicht
gewaschen, sondern nur 45 Minuten mit Luft durchgeblasen, um so viel wie möglich von der anhängenden
Mutterlauge auszutreiben. Das Filtrat und die ausge-
triebenen Mutterlaugen wurden in den Kristallisiertank zurückgeleitet, wodurch das Magma etwas verdünnt
wurde. Anschließend wurde weiter abgekühlt. Sobald die Viskosität wieder auf 900 cp angestiegen
war, wurde ein zweiter »Kristallabstich« vorgenommen und in der beschriebenen Weise filtriert, wobei das
Filtrat ebenfalls in das Kristallisationsgefäß zurückgeleitet wurde. Im Verlauf des Verfahrens wurden fünf
»Abstiche*- gemacht; danach hatte die Temperatur bis auf ISDC abgenommen. Die Aufschiämmung wurde
eine weitere Stunde bei dieser Temperatur gerührt und dann filtriert; das Filtrat wurde zur Lagerung abgestellt.
Die sich bei den verschiedenen Abstichen ergebenden Daten sind nachfolgend zusammengestellt.
Die Filtrationsgeschwindigkeiten waren bei allen Ab-
stichen bis auf den letzten sehr zufriedenstellend, und
die Kuchenreinheiten waren gleichmäßig hoch.
3ο
Abstichtemperatur, C ... 38 35 32 25 17,8 18,2 Filtrationsgeschwindig-
keit in
keit in
Minuten .... 14 10 11 18 18 27
Kuchen gewicht
Kuchen gewicht
(NG**) in kg 5,0 5,4 5,2 5,1 5,0 5,0 Kuchenanalyse
*° % H2O - — 9,30 10,84 11,34 8,7«
% Mannit
(TG*) — — 74,93 75,03 74,90 78,63
Filtratanalyse
% H2O — — — 31,81 33,94 32,44
% Mannit
(TG*) — — — 8,56 6,69 7,03
** Naßgewicht
Eine Kristallisiervorrichtung für absatzweisen Betrieb wurde mit 118 kg PAl beschickt. PAI ist eine
wäßrige Lösung von Alkoholen, die bei der Hydrierung von Invertzuckerlösung anfällt und die 29,5% Mannit
(Trockensubstanz), 70,5% Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 25,74% W:\sser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht)
enthält. Die Lösung gelangte in die Kristallisiervorrichtung mit einer Temperatur von 82 0C und wurde
auf 70cC abgekühlt. Darauf wurde die Lösung mit
0 3% Mannitkristallen in Plättchenform aus einem Rohkuchen einer voraufgegangenen Kristallisation geimpft;
die impfkristallmenge ist auf das Gewicht der Feststoffe bezogen. Darauf wurde das Abkühlen mit
einer Geschwindigkeit von 30C pro Stunde fortgesetzt.
6s Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas auf 900 cp angestiegen
ist, wird eine Menge, die etwa 4,5 kg nassen Filterkuchen ergibt, abgezogen und durch eine Platten-
1 | 2 | Abs 3 |
tich 4 |
5 |
38 | 35 | 32 | 25 | 17,8 |
14 | 10 | 11 | 18 | 18 |
5,0 | 5,4 | 5,2 | 5,1 | 5,0 |
— | — | 9,30 | 10,84 | 11,34 |
— | — | 74,93 | 75,03 | 74,90 |
— | — | — | 31,81 | 33,94 |
— | — | 8,56 | 6,69 |
45 Minuten mit Luft durchgeblasen, um die anhaftende
Mutterlauge so weit wie möglich auszutreiben. Das Filtrat und die ausgetriebene Mutterlauge werden in
die Kristallisationsvorrichtung zurückgeleiiet, so daß das Magma verdünnt wird. Danach wird das Abkühlen
fortgesetzt. Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas infolge neuen Kristallwachstums wieder 900 cp erreicht hat,
wird ein zweiter »Kristallabstich« vorgenommen, der in derselben Weise wie vorstehend beschrieben filtriert
wird. Das Filtrat wird wiederum in die Kristallisiervorrichtung zurückgeleitet. Diese Arbeitsweise wird fünfmal
wiederholt; danach hat die Temperatur bis auf 180C abgenommen. Die Aufschlämmung wird dann
bei 180C noch eine Stunde gerührt und schließlich filtriert. Das aus allen »Abstichen« abfiltrierte Mannit
war kristallin und plattenförmig.
409 514M
Claims (2)
1. Kristalliner Mannit in Plättchen- bzw. Tafel- Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Erfindung sollen die
form. 5 Nachteile, die bisher bei der Herstellung von kristalli-
2. Verfahren zum Kristallisieren von Mannit aus siertem Mannit in Kauf genommen werden mußten,
wäßrigen Lösungen, die gegebenenfalls auch Sorbit ausgeschaltet werden. Mit Hilfe der Erfindung lassen
enthalten, bei Temperaturen, die unter den Sätti- sich Mannitkristalle gewinnen, die leicht filtrierbar und
gungstemperaturen liegen, durch Impfen mit kri- leicht zentrifugierbar sind; die Filterkuchen weisen
stallinem Mannit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß io einen hohen Grad von Reinheit auf. Die mit Hilfe des
der kristalline Mannit Plättchen- bzw. Tafelform erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellten Mannitaufweist.
kristalle liegen in Form von Plättchen vor.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die heiße Lösung, die mit Bezug auf das Mannit gesättigt
15 oder übersättigt ist, durch Zugabe von Impfkristallen
des Mannits, die Plättchenform an Stelle der Nadelform aufweisen, und gleichzeitiges Abkühlen zur Kri-
Die Erfindung betrifft kristallinen Mannit in Platt- stailisation gebracht. Arbeitet man in dieser Weise, so
chen- bzw. Tafelform sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen kristallisiert das Mannit in Plättchenform und nicht in
Herstellung durch Kristallisation aus wäßrigen Lösun- 20 Form von Nadeln; die kristallhaltigen Lösungen lassen
gen, die gegebenenfalls auch Sorbit enthalten. sich rascher filtrieren und von den Mutterlaugen be-
En großer Teil des im Handel befindlichen Mannits freien. Man erreicht auf diese Weise kürzere Filtrawird
durch Reduktion von Hexosen oder Mischungen tionszeiten und größere Kuchenreinheit; der Arbeitsvon
Hexosen, insbesondere fruktosehaltigen Produkten Vorgang läßt sich insgesamt beschleunigen, und die
wie invertierte Saccharose, alkaliisomerisierte Glucose 25 Materialmenge, die bei der Umkristallisation der Rohu.
ä. hergestellt Die Verfahren zur Reduktion, z. B. kuchen anfällt, ist verringert.
die elektrolytische Reduktion oder die Hydrierung Bei der Herstellung von kristallinem Mannit in
wäßriger Zuckerlösungen unter Druck in Gegenwart Plättchenform gemäß der Erfindung erzeugt man zuvoii
Katalysatoren sind aus der einschlägigen Literatur nächst eine Aufschlämmung von Mannitkristallen in
vollständig bekannt. Wird Mannit aus der leicht er- 30 einer wäßrigen Lösung, die Sorbit und Mannit enthält
hältlichen invertierten Saccharose (Invertzucker) oder und mit Bezug auf das Mannit übersättigt ist. Die Aufaus
Glucose hergestellt, so wird stets gleichzeitig Sorbit schlämmung muß dieselbe Gesamtzusammensetzung
gebildet. Infolgedessen muß eine weitere Verfahrens- aufweisen wie die Lösung, aus der das Mannit ausstufe
zur Behandlung des reduzierten Produktes ange- kristallisiert werden soll. Diese zur Kristallisation beschlossen
werden, damit reines Mannit erhallen wer- 35 stimmte Lösung wird bei einer Temperatur, die mit
den kann. Bezug auf das Mannit über der Sättigungstemperatur
In der derzeitigen industriellen Praxis wird Mannit liegt, in ein Kristallisiergefäß eingefüllt, das mit Rührer
aus wäßrigen Lösungen, in denen es in Mischung mit und einer Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung ausgestattet ist.
Sorbit vorliegt, durch Kristallisation gewonnen, wobei Hier wird die Lösung auf eine Temperatur abgekühlt,
man die erheblich geringere Löslichkeit des Mannits 40 die 10 bis 30 C unter der Sättigungstemperatur liegt.
— im Vergleich zum Sorbit - in Wasser ausnutzt. Die Keimbildung der Mannitkristalle in Nadelform
Man geht dabei so vor, daß eine heiße konzentrierte erfolgt spontan oder kann — falls erwünscht — durch
Lösung einer Sorbit-Mannit-Mischung bis unter die Zugabe einer geringen Menge pulverförmiger Mannit-Sättigungstemperalur
des Mannit!, in einem wäßrigen kristalle- in Nadelform beschleunigt werden,
sorbithaltigen Medium abgekühlt, mit nadeiförmigen 45 Die so gebildete Aufschlämmung wird bei einer Mannitkristallen geimpft und dann unter Rühren konstanten Temperatur gehalten, die 10 bis 30C weiter abgekühlt wird. Mit fortschreitender Kristalli- unter der Sätligungslemperatur der Lösung, die zur sation werden die Mutterlaugen dick; üblicherweise Kristallisation gebracht werden soll, liegt. Dann befiltriert man die Kristalle von einem Teil der Mutter- ginnt man mit der Zugabe der Lösung, die zur Krilaugen periodisch ab, leitet das Filtrat in das Kristalli- 50 stailisation gebracht werden soll, und zwar bei einer siergefäß zurück und setzt das Kühlen fort. Beim Ab- Temperatur, die über der Sättigungslemperatur liegt, kühlen von 60 auf 20 C lassen sich beispielsweise vier Die Zugabegeschwindigkeit beträgt 1Z15 bis 1Z2 des oder fünf »Niederschläge« mit allmählich tiefer werden- Volumens des Ansatzes im Kristallisationsgefäß pro der Temperatur gewinnen; hierdurch wird die An- Stunde; kristallhaltige Lösung wird aus dem Kristallihäufung von Kristallen in dem Ansatz bis zu dem 55 sationsgefäß mit etwa derselben Geschwindigkeit abPunkt, an dem die Mutterlaugen nicht mehr gepumpt gezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte und filtriert werden können, verhindert. Lösung nachgefüllt wird. Auf diese Weise bleibt das
sorbithaltigen Medium abgekühlt, mit nadeiförmigen 45 Die so gebildete Aufschlämmung wird bei einer Mannitkristallen geimpft und dann unter Rühren konstanten Temperatur gehalten, die 10 bis 30C weiter abgekühlt wird. Mit fortschreitender Kristalli- unter der Sätligungslemperatur der Lösung, die zur sation werden die Mutterlaugen dick; üblicherweise Kristallisation gebracht werden soll, liegt. Dann befiltriert man die Kristalle von einem Teil der Mutter- ginnt man mit der Zugabe der Lösung, die zur Krilaugen periodisch ab, leitet das Filtrat in das Kristalli- 50 stailisation gebracht werden soll, und zwar bei einer siergefäß zurück und setzt das Kühlen fort. Beim Ab- Temperatur, die über der Sättigungslemperatur liegt, kühlen von 60 auf 20 C lassen sich beispielsweise vier Die Zugabegeschwindigkeit beträgt 1Z15 bis 1Z2 des oder fünf »Niederschläge« mit allmählich tiefer werden- Volumens des Ansatzes im Kristallisationsgefäß pro der Temperatur gewinnen; hierdurch wird die An- Stunde; kristallhaltige Lösung wird aus dem Kristallihäufung von Kristallen in dem Ansatz bis zu dem 55 sationsgefäß mit etwa derselben Geschwindigkeit abPunkt, an dem die Mutterlaugen nicht mehr gepumpt gezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte und filtriert werden können, verhindert. Lösung nachgefüllt wird. Auf diese Weise bleibt das
Die Mannitkristalle, die unter den vorstehend be- Volumen in dem Kristallisationsgefäß im wesentlichen
schriebenen Bedingungen gebildet werden, sind nadel- konstant. Die durchschnittliche Verweildauer der zur
förmig und setzen der Filtration einen erheblichen 60 Kristallisation bestimmten Lösung in dem Kristalli-Widerstand
entgegen. Die Filtrationsgeschwindigkeit sationsbehälter liegt auf diese Weise zwischen 2 und
ist infolgedessen sehr niedrig und der Filterkuchen ist 15 Stunden.
nur schwer zu reinigen. Das führt weiterhin dazu, daß Bei der Untersuchung zeigte sich, daß die Kristalle
lange Filtrationszeiten notwendig sind und daß der in dem zuerst abgezogenen Gemisch aus Mutterlauge
Filterkuchen unerwünscht große Mengen an Mutter- 65 und Kristallen unter diesen Bedingungen anfänglich
laugen zurückhält, die die Reinheit des Kuchens beein- nahezu vollständig die Form von Nadeln haben. Mit
trächtigen. Eine Abtrennung der nadeiförmigen Man- fortschreitender Betriebsdauer treten aber auch Krinitkristalle
aus den Mutterlaugen durch Zentrifugieren stalle mit Plättchenform auf, wobei das Verhältnis von
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---|---|---|---|
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DE1768133A1 DE1768133A1 (de) | 1971-09-02 |
DE1768133B2 true DE1768133B2 (de) | 1974-04-04 |
Family
ID=27585215
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19681768133 Pending DE1768133A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1968-04-04 | Kristallines Mannitol und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE1768933A Expired DE1768933C3 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1968-07-15 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE2141441A Expired DE2141441C3 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-18 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeit |
DE2147416A Expired DE2147416C2 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-09-22 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE19762610934 Pending DE2610934A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1976-03-16 | Vergaser fuer ottomotoren |
Family Applications After (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1768933A Expired DE1768933C3 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1968-07-15 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE2141441A Expired DE2141441C3 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-18 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeit |
DE2147416A Expired DE2147416C2 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1971-09-22 | Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten |
DE19762610934 Pending DE2610934A1 (de) | 1967-04-13 | 1976-03-16 | Vergaser fuer ottomotoren |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US3637794A (de) |
CA (2) | CA980756A (de) |
DE (5) | DE1768133A1 (de) |
FR (3) | FR2113788B1 (de) |
GB (8) | GB1214171A (de) |
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-
1967
- 1967-07-14 US US653337A patent/US3637794A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-04-01 US US717996A patent/US3625899A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-04-04 DE DE19681768133 patent/DE1768133A1/de active Pending
- 1968-07-05 GB GB32261/68A patent/GB1214171A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-05 GB GB1232370D patent/GB1232370A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-05 GB GB1232369D patent/GB1232369A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-15 DE DE1768933A patent/DE1768933C3/de not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-11-05 US US00087306A patent/US3729497A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-11-16 FR FR7040995A patent/FR2113788B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-04-12 US US00133407A patent/US3711412A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-12 US US00133452A patent/US3711410A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-04-15 US US00134456A patent/US3711411A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-05-17 CA CA113,158A patent/CA980756A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-17 CA CA113,157A patent/CA987656A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-20 GB GB1604471*[A patent/GB1354355A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-08-18 DE DE2141441A patent/DE2141441C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-09-02 FR FR7131836A patent/FR2132617B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-09-22 DE DE2147416A patent/DE2147416C2/de not_active Expired
- 1971-11-20 GB GB1604371*[A patent/GB1382418A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-01-20 GB GB3405071A patent/GB1384251A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-01-20 GB GB2513674A patent/GB1384685A/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-02-11 GB GB5263/76A patent/GB1531096A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-16 DE DE19762610934 patent/DE2610934A1/de active Pending
- 1976-04-14 FR FR7611004A patent/FR2307970A1/fr active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2141441B2 (de) | 1981-07-23 |
DE2147416A1 (de) | 1973-07-26 |
GB1531096A (en) | 1978-11-01 |
US3637794A (en) | 1972-01-25 |
DE2610934A1 (de) | 1976-10-21 |
GB1384685A (en) | 1975-02-19 |
DE2141441A1 (de) | 1973-08-16 |
US3711410A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
CA987656A (en) | 1976-04-20 |
GB1232370A (de) | 1971-05-19 |
US3729497A (en) | 1973-04-24 |
US3625899A (en) | 1971-12-07 |
DE1768133A1 (de) | 1971-09-02 |
FR2113788B1 (de) | 1974-08-23 |
DE1768933A1 (de) | 1972-04-20 |
DE1768933C3 (de) | 1982-09-16 |
GB1214171A (en) | 1970-12-02 |
DE2147416C2 (de) | 1984-09-20 |
GB1354355A (en) | 1974-06-05 |
FR2307970A1 (fr) | 1976-11-12 |
FR2307970B1 (de) | 1978-05-05 |
GB1384251A (en) | 1975-02-19 |
DE2141441C3 (de) | 1987-12-03 |
FR2132617B2 (de) | 1975-07-11 |
FR2132617A2 (de) | 1972-11-24 |
DE1768933B2 (de) | 1977-11-10 |
CA980756A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
FR2113788A1 (de) | 1972-06-30 |
US3711412A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
GB1232369A (de) | 1971-05-19 |
US3711411A (en) | 1973-01-16 |
GB1382418A (en) | 1975-01-29 |
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