DE1768133B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
DE1768133B2
DE1768133B2 DE1768133A DE1768133A DE1768133B2 DE 1768133 B2 DE1768133 B2 DE 1768133B2 DE 1768133 A DE1768133 A DE 1768133A DE 1768133 A DE1768133 A DE 1768133A DE 1768133 B2 DE1768133 B2 DE 1768133B2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
mannitol
crystals
crystallization
solution
sorbitol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE1768133A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE1768133A1 (de
Inventor
Altan Abdurrahman Tarsus Unver (Tuerkei)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zeneca Inc
Original Assignee
Atlas Chemical Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US630536A external-priority patent/US3632656A/en
Application filed by Atlas Chemical Industries Inc filed Critical Atlas Chemical Industries Inc
Priority claimed from US80121A external-priority patent/US3635825A/en
Publication of DE1768133A1 publication Critical patent/DE1768133A1/de
Publication of DE1768133B2 publication Critical patent/DE1768133B2/de
Priority claimed from JP50045711A external-priority patent/JPS51120332A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
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Description

Kristallen mit Plättchenform zu Kristallen mit Nadelform sich ständig vergrößert, bis nahezu alle Kristalle Plättchenform haben. Während des Zeitraumes, in welchem das abgezogene Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen sowohl Kristalle in Nadelform als auch Kristille in Plättchenform enthält, kann dies gegebenenfalls wieder über die Sättigungstemperatur für Mannit erwärmt und in die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung zurückgeleitet werden. Es kann auch unter Rühren weiter abgekühlt werden, damit sich weitere Mannitkristalle in der beschriebenen Weise abscheiden.
Wird ein Mutterlauge-Kristall-Gemisch, in welchem die Mannitkristalle nahezu alle Plättchenform aufweisen, abgezogen, so kann die Herstellung des kristallinen Mannits gemäß dd Erfindung beginnen. Das Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen kann nach und nach abgekühlt werden, wobei nach und nach »Niederschläge« von Mannitkristallen in der weiter vorn beschriebenen Weise abgezogen werden.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist auf die Kristallisation von Mannit aus wäßrigen Lösungen beliebigen Reinheitsgrades anwendbar, z. B. auf wäßrige Lösungen, die 1 bis 100°0 Mannit (Trockenprodukt) enthalten. Die Vorteile der größeren Filtrationsgeschwindigkeit und der größeren Reinheit der Filterkuchen machen sich aber am stärksten bemerkbar, v.cnn die Mutterlaugen erhebliche Mengen an Sorbit enthalten. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist daher mit besonderem Vorteil auf Lösungen anwendbar, die 15 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 Gewichtsprozent, Sorbit, bezogen auf den Feststoff gehalt, entfalten, während der Rest der Lösungen aus Mannit besteht.
Die auf das Mannit bezogene Sättigungstemperatur der zur Kristallisation bestimmten Lösung hängt sowohl von dem Mannit-Sorbit-Verhältnis als auch von dem Wassergehalt der Lösung ab Sie kann für jede beliebige Lösung leicht bestimmt werden, indem man Proben der Lösung auf verschiedene Temperaturen bringt, jeweils eine kleine Menge gepulvertes kristallines Mannit einrührt und beobachtet, ob sich die Kristalle lösen oder ob sie wachsen. Bei der exakten Sätliguiigstemperatur tritt weder ein Wachstum noch eine Lösung ein. Als Anhaltspunkt für die Bestimmung der Bereiche, in denen die genaue Sättigungstemperatur einer bestimmten Lösung nachgeprüft werden muß, sind nachstehend die Sättigungstemperaturen einiger typischer Lösungen angegeben.
Sättigungstemperaturen für Mannit
in Mannit-Sorbit-Wasser-Systemen
Wasser, bezogen auf Mannit, bezogen auf Sättigungs
die Gesamtmenge Trockensubstanz temperatur
(1Vo) (1Vo) CC)
35 20 50
25 30 77
45 :50 61
60 75 53
Das erfindungsgemäße kristalline Mannit in Plättchenform unterscheidet sich deutlich von dem bisher bekannten kristallinen Mannit. Mannitkristalle in Plättchenform können leicht durch Röntgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse, thermische Differentialanalyse oder IR-Analyse identifiziert werden. Bei der Rönlgenstrahl-Beugungsanalyse von plältchenförmigen Mannitkristailen unter Verwendung von Röntgenstrahlen einer Kupfer-Antikathode erhält man Pulverdiagramme, in denen der ^/-Abstand der stärksten Linie etwa 9 Angstrom beträgt. Bei der thermischen Differentialanalyse zeigen plättchenförmige Mannitkristalle einen exothermen Peak bei etwa 156° C. Das IR-Absorptionsspektrum von plättchenförmigen Mannitkristallen ist von dem ASTM-Spektrum für Mannit (ASTM Nr. 6943) deutlich verschieden.
ίο Die folgenden Beispiele dienen der weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung. Die Beispiele 1 und 2 erläutern die Herstellung eines Mutterlauge-Kristall-Gemisches, welches kristallines Mannit in Plättchenform enthält, aus wäßrigen Lösungen von Sorbit-Mannit-Mischungen.
Beispiel 1
Ein Kilby-Kristallisiergefäß mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 492 1 wird mit einer Aufschlämmung gefüllt, die aus Mannitkristallen in einer wäßrigen Lösung von Sorbit und Mannit besteht. Die Aufschlämmung wird unter langsamem Rühren bei einer Temperatur von 53 L C gehalten. Eine wäßrige Mannit-Sorbit-Lösung, die 30 °„ Mannit und 70°u Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 25 °o Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthält, wird auf 77C erhitzt und kontinuierlich zu der Aufschlämmung gegeben, wobei man die Aufschlämmung weiterhin auf einer Temperatur von 53 C hält. Das Gemisch aus zur Kristallisation bestimmter Lösung und Aufschlämmung wird mit derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung zugeführt wird. Die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung wird mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 76 bis 95 1 pro Stunde zugeführt, so daß sich eine durchschnittliche Verweildauer in der Apparatur von ungefähr 6 Stunden ergibt. Beständige Arbeitsbedingungen sind nach etwa 10 Tagen erreicht; die abgezogene Aufschlämmung enthält etwa 16",, Mannitkristalle (Trockensubstanz), die praktisch alle in Plättchenform vorliegen.
Ein Röntgenstrahl-Pulveidiagramm der plättchenförmigen Mannitkristalle wurde unter Verwendung eines Diffraktometers vom Typ Tem-Pres Unit XD-I auf folgende Weise erhalten: 0,1 g plättchenförmige
Mannitkristalle wurden mit Äthylalkohol aufgeschlämmt; die Aufschlämmung wurde auf einen Objektträger aus Glas aufgebracht, von welchem der Alkohol verdampft wurde. Das Mannit auf dem Objektträger hatte etwa die Größe eines 10 Pfennig-Stücks und war lichtundurchlässig. Die Mannitprobe wurde Röntgenstrahlen von einer Kupfer-Antikathode, die ein Nickelfilter passiert hatten, ausgesetzt. Die Beugungsstrahlen wurden von einem Strahlungsdetektor aufgefangen, der mit einem Bandschreiber gekoppelt war. Die Beugungsintensität (Zahl der Treffer pro Zeiteinheit) wurde in einem Diagramm gegen den Beugungswinkel aufgetragen. Die d-kbstände der drei stärksten Linien sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammen mit den {/-Abständen der drei stärksten Linien im ASTM-Pulverdiagramm für Mannit (ASTM Nr. 8-753) angegeben.
Röntgenstrahl-Pulverdiagramm-Werte
der {/-Abstände der drei stärksten Linien
in Angstrom
Mannit-Plättchen
ASTM 8-753
9,00
4,74
4,47
3,80
4,31
4,21
Beispiel 2
Ein senkrechter Tank mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 492 1, der am oberen Ende eine Zuf ührungsörfnung und am unteren Ende eine AuslaßöTnung aufweist und mit Kühlschlange zur Aufrechterhaltung einer konstanten Temperatur sowie einem Rührer ausgerüstet ist, wurde zur Kristallisation benutzt. Das Kristallisiergefäß wurde mit 4921 einer wäßrigen Lösung mit einer Temperatur von 78c C gefüllt, die 30% Mannit und 70% Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 26% Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthielt. Die Lösung wurde auf 680C abgekühlt, mit Mannitkristallen geimpft und weiter auf 550C abgekühlt, so daß sich eine Aufschlämmung von Mannitkristallen in einer wäßrigen Mannit-Sorbit-Lösung bildete. Eine wäßrige, zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung von 780C, die 30% Mannit und 70% Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 26% Wasser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthielt, wurde der Aufschlämmung zugesetzt, wobei die Temperatur der sich ergebenden Mischung bei 55"C gehalten wurde. Das entstehende Gemisch wurde aus dem Kristallisiergefäß mit derselben Geschwindigkeit abgezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte Lösung zugeführt wurde, so daß die Substanzmenge in dem Kristallisationsgefäß konstant blieb. Die Zuführungs- und Abzugsgeschwindigkeit lag bei 151 bis 170 I pro Stunde, so daß sich eine durchschnittliche Verweildauer in dem Kristallisationsgefäß von etwa 3 Stunden ergab. Sobald stetige Reaktionsbedingungen erreicht waren, enthielt das abgezogene Magma, das ist das Gemisch aus Mutterlauge und Kristallen, ungefähr die Haltte seines gesamten Mannitgehaltes als Kristalle in Plättchenform, während die restliche Menge in Lösung vorlag.
Die Kurven für Mannit in Plättchenform und Mannit in der üblichen Nadelform mit Hilfe der thermischen Differentialanalyse wurden in einem thermischen Differential-Analysiergerät vom Typ DuPont 900 bestimmt. Die endothermen und exothermen Peaks jeder Probe sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.
Analysendaten der thermischen Differentialanalyse
Mannitprobc
Mannit-Plättchen
Mannit-Nadeln
Maxima der endothermen Peaks
Maxima der exothermen Peaks
1 Peak, 1670C 1 Peak, 1670C
1 Peak, 156°C kein
Die folgenden Beispiele 3 und 4 erläutern die Kristallisation von Mannit aus wäßrigen Mannit-Sorbit-Lösungen unter Verwendung von Mannitkristallen in Plättchenform als Impfkristalle.
Beispiel 3
Ein Magma, bestehend aus plä'ttchenförmigen Mannitkristallen in einer wäßrigen Sorbit-Mannit-Lösung, wird wie in den vorhergehenden Beispielen beschrieben hergestellt und in einen Kristallisiertank überführt, der mit einem Rührer und mit Kühlschlangen ausgestattet ist. Die Anfangsbedingungen waren folgende:
Gewicht des eingefüllten Magmas 122 kg
Wassergehalt im Magma 24,11 %
Mannitgehalt im Ansatz (TG*) ... 30,92% Mannitgchalt als Kristalle (TG*) 15,2 %
Anfangstemperatur 53°C
* Trockengewicht
Der Ansatz wurde mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 30C pro Stunde abgekühlt. Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas sich bis auf 900 cp erhöht hatte, wurde eine Menge abgezogen, die einen nassen Filterkuchen von etwa 4,5 kg ergab und durch eine Platten- und Rahmen-Filterpresse filtriert wurde. Der Kuchen wurde nicht gewaschen, sondern nur 45 Minuten mit Luft durchgeblasen, um so viel wie möglich von der anhängenden Mutterlauge auszutreiben. Das Filtrat und die ausge-
triebenen Mutterlaugen wurden in den Kristallisiertank zurückgeleitet, wodurch das Magma etwas verdünnt wurde. Anschließend wurde weiter abgekühlt. Sobald die Viskosität wieder auf 900 cp angestiegen war, wurde ein zweiter »Kristallabstich« vorgenommen und in der beschriebenen Weise filtriert, wobei das Filtrat ebenfalls in das Kristallisationsgefäß zurückgeleitet wurde. Im Verlauf des Verfahrens wurden fünf »Abstiche*- gemacht; danach hatte die Temperatur bis auf ISDC abgenommen. Die Aufschiämmung wurde eine weitere Stunde bei dieser Temperatur gerührt und dann filtriert; das Filtrat wurde zur Lagerung abgestellt. Die sich bei den verschiedenen Abstichen ergebenden Daten sind nachfolgend zusammengestellt. Die Filtrationsgeschwindigkeiten waren bei allen Ab-
stichen bis auf den letzten sehr zufriedenstellend, und die Kuchenreinheiten waren gleichmäßig hoch.
3ο
Abstichtemperatur, C ... 38 35 32 25 17,8 18,2 Filtrationsgeschwindig-
keit in
Minuten .... 14 10 11 18 18 27
Kuchen gewicht
(NG**) in kg 5,0 5,4 5,2 5,1 5,0 5,0 Kuchenanalyse
*° % H2O - — 9,30 10,84 11,34 8,7«
% Mannit
(TG*) — — 74,93 75,03 74,90 78,63
Filtratanalyse
% H2O — — — 31,81 33,94 32,44
% Mannit
(TG*) — — — 8,56 6,69 7,03
** Naßgewicht
Beispiel 4
Eine Kristallisiervorrichtung für absatzweisen Betrieb wurde mit 118 kg PAl beschickt. PAI ist eine wäßrige Lösung von Alkoholen, die bei der Hydrierung von Invertzuckerlösung anfällt und die 29,5% Mannit (Trockensubstanz), 70,5% Sorbit (Trockensubstanz) und 25,74% W:\sser (bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht) enthält. Die Lösung gelangte in die Kristallisiervorrichtung mit einer Temperatur von 82 0C und wurde auf 70cC abgekühlt. Darauf wurde die Lösung mit 0 3% Mannitkristallen in Plättchenform aus einem Rohkuchen einer voraufgegangenen Kristallisation geimpft; die impfkristallmenge ist auf das Gewicht der Feststoffe bezogen. Darauf wurde das Abkühlen mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 30C pro Stunde fortgesetzt.
6s Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas auf 900 cp angestiegen ist, wird eine Menge, die etwa 4,5 kg nassen Filterkuchen ergibt, abgezogen und durch eine Platten-
1 2 Abs
3
tich
4
5
38 35 32 25 17,8
14 10 11 18 18
5,0 5,4 5,2 5,1 5,0
9,30 10,84 11,34
74,93 75,03 74,90
31,81 33,94
8,56 6,69
45 Minuten mit Luft durchgeblasen, um die anhaftende Mutterlauge so weit wie möglich auszutreiben. Das Filtrat und die ausgetriebene Mutterlauge werden in die Kristallisationsvorrichtung zurückgeleiiet, so daß das Magma verdünnt wird. Danach wird das Abkühlen fortgesetzt. Sobald die Viskosität des Magmas infolge neuen Kristallwachstums wieder 900 cp erreicht hat, wird ein zweiter »Kristallabstich« vorgenommen, der in derselben Weise wie vorstehend beschrieben filtriert wird. Das Filtrat wird wiederum in die Kristallisiervorrichtung zurückgeleitet. Diese Arbeitsweise wird fünfmal wiederholt; danach hat die Temperatur bis auf 180C abgenommen. Die Aufschlämmung wird dann bei 180C noch eine Stunde gerührt und schließlich filtriert. Das aus allen »Abstichen« abfiltrierte Mannit war kristallin und plattenförmig.
409 514M

Claims (2)

hat sich nicht als günstig erwiesen, und zwar auch inPatentansprüche: folge der extrem langen Zeiten, die hierfür erforderlich sind.
1. Kristalliner Mannit in Plättchen- bzw. Tafel- Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Erfindung sollen die form. 5 Nachteile, die bisher bei der Herstellung von kristalli-
2. Verfahren zum Kristallisieren von Mannit aus siertem Mannit in Kauf genommen werden mußten, wäßrigen Lösungen, die gegebenenfalls auch Sorbit ausgeschaltet werden. Mit Hilfe der Erfindung lassen enthalten, bei Temperaturen, die unter den Sätti- sich Mannitkristalle gewinnen, die leicht filtrierbar und gungstemperaturen liegen, durch Impfen mit kri- leicht zentrifugierbar sind; die Filterkuchen weisen stallinem Mannit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß io einen hohen Grad von Reinheit auf. Die mit Hilfe des der kristalline Mannit Plättchen- bzw. Tafelform erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellten Mannitaufweist. kristalle liegen in Form von Plättchen vor.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die heiße Lösung, die mit Bezug auf das Mannit gesättigt
15 oder übersättigt ist, durch Zugabe von Impfkristallen
des Mannits, die Plättchenform an Stelle der Nadelform aufweisen, und gleichzeitiges Abkühlen zur Kri-
Die Erfindung betrifft kristallinen Mannit in Platt- stailisation gebracht. Arbeitet man in dieser Weise, so chen- bzw. Tafelform sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen kristallisiert das Mannit in Plättchenform und nicht in Herstellung durch Kristallisation aus wäßrigen Lösun- 20 Form von Nadeln; die kristallhaltigen Lösungen lassen gen, die gegebenenfalls auch Sorbit enthalten. sich rascher filtrieren und von den Mutterlaugen be-
En großer Teil des im Handel befindlichen Mannits freien. Man erreicht auf diese Weise kürzere Filtrawird durch Reduktion von Hexosen oder Mischungen tionszeiten und größere Kuchenreinheit; der Arbeitsvon Hexosen, insbesondere fruktosehaltigen Produkten Vorgang läßt sich insgesamt beschleunigen, und die wie invertierte Saccharose, alkaliisomerisierte Glucose 25 Materialmenge, die bei der Umkristallisation der Rohu. ä. hergestellt Die Verfahren zur Reduktion, z. B. kuchen anfällt, ist verringert.
die elektrolytische Reduktion oder die Hydrierung Bei der Herstellung von kristallinem Mannit in
wäßriger Zuckerlösungen unter Druck in Gegenwart Plättchenform gemäß der Erfindung erzeugt man zuvoii Katalysatoren sind aus der einschlägigen Literatur nächst eine Aufschlämmung von Mannitkristallen in vollständig bekannt. Wird Mannit aus der leicht er- 30 einer wäßrigen Lösung, die Sorbit und Mannit enthält hältlichen invertierten Saccharose (Invertzucker) oder und mit Bezug auf das Mannit übersättigt ist. Die Aufaus Glucose hergestellt, so wird stets gleichzeitig Sorbit schlämmung muß dieselbe Gesamtzusammensetzung gebildet. Infolgedessen muß eine weitere Verfahrens- aufweisen wie die Lösung, aus der das Mannit ausstufe zur Behandlung des reduzierten Produktes ange- kristallisiert werden soll. Diese zur Kristallisation beschlossen werden, damit reines Mannit erhallen wer- 35 stimmte Lösung wird bei einer Temperatur, die mit den kann. Bezug auf das Mannit über der Sättigungstemperatur
In der derzeitigen industriellen Praxis wird Mannit liegt, in ein Kristallisiergefäß eingefüllt, das mit Rührer aus wäßrigen Lösungen, in denen es in Mischung mit und einer Wärmeaustauschvorrichtung ausgestattet ist. Sorbit vorliegt, durch Kristallisation gewonnen, wobei Hier wird die Lösung auf eine Temperatur abgekühlt, man die erheblich geringere Löslichkeit des Mannits 40 die 10 bis 30 C unter der Sättigungstemperatur liegt. — im Vergleich zum Sorbit - in Wasser ausnutzt. Die Keimbildung der Mannitkristalle in Nadelform Man geht dabei so vor, daß eine heiße konzentrierte erfolgt spontan oder kann — falls erwünscht — durch Lösung einer Sorbit-Mannit-Mischung bis unter die Zugabe einer geringen Menge pulverförmiger Mannit-Sättigungstemperalur des Mannit!, in einem wäßrigen kristalle- in Nadelform beschleunigt werden,
sorbithaltigen Medium abgekühlt, mit nadeiförmigen 45 Die so gebildete Aufschlämmung wird bei einer Mannitkristallen geimpft und dann unter Rühren konstanten Temperatur gehalten, die 10 bis 30C weiter abgekühlt wird. Mit fortschreitender Kristalli- unter der Sätligungslemperatur der Lösung, die zur sation werden die Mutterlaugen dick; üblicherweise Kristallisation gebracht werden soll, liegt. Dann befiltriert man die Kristalle von einem Teil der Mutter- ginnt man mit der Zugabe der Lösung, die zur Krilaugen periodisch ab, leitet das Filtrat in das Kristalli- 50 stailisation gebracht werden soll, und zwar bei einer siergefäß zurück und setzt das Kühlen fort. Beim Ab- Temperatur, die über der Sättigungslemperatur liegt, kühlen von 60 auf 20 C lassen sich beispielsweise vier Die Zugabegeschwindigkeit beträgt 1Z15 bis 1Z2 des oder fünf »Niederschläge« mit allmählich tiefer werden- Volumens des Ansatzes im Kristallisationsgefäß pro der Temperatur gewinnen; hierdurch wird die An- Stunde; kristallhaltige Lösung wird aus dem Kristallihäufung von Kristallen in dem Ansatz bis zu dem 55 sationsgefäß mit etwa derselben Geschwindigkeit abPunkt, an dem die Mutterlaugen nicht mehr gepumpt gezogen, mit der die zur Kristallisation bestimmte und filtriert werden können, verhindert. Lösung nachgefüllt wird. Auf diese Weise bleibt das
Die Mannitkristalle, die unter den vorstehend be- Volumen in dem Kristallisationsgefäß im wesentlichen schriebenen Bedingungen gebildet werden, sind nadel- konstant. Die durchschnittliche Verweildauer der zur förmig und setzen der Filtration einen erheblichen 60 Kristallisation bestimmten Lösung in dem Kristalli-Widerstand entgegen. Die Filtrationsgeschwindigkeit sationsbehälter liegt auf diese Weise zwischen 2 und ist infolgedessen sehr niedrig und der Filterkuchen ist 15 Stunden.
nur schwer zu reinigen. Das führt weiterhin dazu, daß Bei der Untersuchung zeigte sich, daß die Kristalle
lange Filtrationszeiten notwendig sind und daß der in dem zuerst abgezogenen Gemisch aus Mutterlauge Filterkuchen unerwünscht große Mengen an Mutter- 65 und Kristallen unter diesen Bedingungen anfänglich laugen zurückhält, die die Reinheit des Kuchens beein- nahezu vollständig die Form von Nadeln haben. Mit trächtigen. Eine Abtrennung der nadeiförmigen Man- fortschreitender Betriebsdauer treten aber auch Krinitkristalle aus den Mutterlaugen durch Zentrifugieren stalle mit Plättchenform auf, wobei das Verhältnis von
DE19681768133 1967-04-13 1968-04-04 Kristallines Mannitol und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Pending DE1768133A1 (de)

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US630536A US3632656A (en) 1967-04-13 1967-04-13 Crystallization of mannitol
US65333767A 1967-07-14 1967-07-14
US65333967A 1967-07-14 1967-07-14
US65333867A 1967-07-14 1967-07-14
US65333567A 1967-07-14 1967-07-14
US71799668A 1968-04-01 1968-04-01
US71799768A 1968-04-01 1968-04-01
US80121A US3635825A (en) 1967-07-14 1970-10-12 Water-insensitive hydraulic fluids containing bis-borate esters or bridged-borate esters
US8730670A 1970-11-05 1970-11-05
FR7040995A FR2113788B1 (de) 1967-04-13 1970-11-16
US13345271A 1971-04-12 1971-04-12
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JP50045711A JPS51120332A (en) 1975-04-15 1975-04-15 Fuel supply device for internal combustion engine
US57785875A 1975-05-15 1975-05-15

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DE1768933A Expired DE1768933C3 (de) 1967-04-13 1968-07-15 Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten
DE2141441A Expired DE2141441C3 (de) 1967-04-13 1971-08-18 Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeit
DE2147416A Expired DE2147416C2 (de) 1967-04-13 1971-09-22 Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten
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DE2147416A Expired DE2147416C2 (de) 1967-04-13 1971-09-22 Wasserunempfindliche hydraulische Flüssigkeiten
DE19762610934 Pending DE2610934A1 (de) 1967-04-13 1976-03-16 Vergaser fuer ottomotoren

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GB1384685A (en) 1975-02-19
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US3711410A (en) 1973-01-16
CA987656A (en) 1976-04-20
GB1232370A (de) 1971-05-19
US3729497A (en) 1973-04-24
US3625899A (en) 1971-12-07
DE1768133A1 (de) 1971-09-02
FR2113788B1 (de) 1974-08-23
DE1768933A1 (de) 1972-04-20
DE1768933C3 (de) 1982-09-16
GB1214171A (en) 1970-12-02
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GB1354355A (en) 1974-06-05
FR2307970A1 (fr) 1976-11-12
FR2307970B1 (de) 1978-05-05
GB1384251A (en) 1975-02-19
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CA980756A (en) 1975-12-30
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