CS199607B2 - Semiconductor table silikon crystals for solar cells and method their manufacture - Google Patents
Semiconductor table silikon crystals for solar cells and method their manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS199607B2 CS199607B2 CS757744A CS774475A CS199607B2 CS 199607 B2 CS199607 B2 CS 199607B2 CS 757744 A CS757744 A CS 757744A CS 774475 A CS774475 A CS 774475A CS 199607 B2 CS199607 B2 CS 199607B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- melt
- temperature
- solar cells
- crystals
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005231 Edge Defined Film Fed Growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/002—Crucibles or containers for supporting the melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
- C30B29/605—Products containing multiple oriented crystallites, e.g. columnar crystallites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Liquid Deposition Of Substances Of Which Semiconductor Devices Are Composed (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2508803A DE2508803C3 (de) | 1975-02-28 | 1975-02-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung plattenförmiger Siliciumkristalle mit Kolumnarstruktur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS199607B2 true CS199607B2 (en) | 1980-07-31 |
Family
ID=5940115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS757744A CS199607B2 (en) | 1975-02-28 | 1975-11-17 | Semiconductor table silikon crystals for solar cells and method their manufacture |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4382838A (es) |
| JP (1) | JPS5330988B2 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU499586B2 (es) |
| BE (1) | BE839008A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA1061688A (es) |
| CH (1) | CH604884A5 (es) |
| CS (1) | CS199607B2 (es) |
| DD (1) | DD122478A5 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE2508803C3 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK145828C (es) |
| ES (1) | ES445617A1 (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2302132A1 (es) |
| GB (1) | GB1539244A (es) |
| HU (1) | HU172435B (es) |
| IL (1) | IL47862A (es) |
| IN (1) | IN143325B (es) |
| IT (1) | IT1053650B (es) |
| NL (1) | NL177612C (es) |
| PL (1) | PL98068B1 (es) |
| RO (1) | RO72156A (es) |
| SE (1) | SE408760B (es) |
| SU (1) | SU695531A3 (es) |
| YU (1) | YU291675A (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA757846B (es) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2745247C3 (de) * | 1977-10-07 | 1980-03-13 | Wacker-Chemitronic Gesellschaft Fuer Elektronik-Grundstoffe Mbh, 8263 Burghausen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur semikontinuierlichen Herstellung von Siliciumformkörpern |
| JPS5460584A (en) * | 1977-10-24 | 1979-05-16 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Solar battery using silicon ribbon crystal |
| JPS54121086A (en) * | 1978-03-14 | 1979-09-19 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Forming method of silicon plate |
| DE2850790C2 (de) * | 1978-11-23 | 1987-02-19 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum Herstellen von scheiben- oder bandförmigen Siliziumkristallen mit Kolumnarstruktur für Solarzellen |
| DE2850805C2 (de) * | 1978-11-23 | 1986-08-28 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum Herstellen von scheiben- oder bandförmigen Siliziumkristallen mit Kolumnarstruktur für Solarzellen |
| DE2927086C2 (de) * | 1979-07-04 | 1987-02-05 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum Herstellen von platten- oder bandförmigen Siliziumkristallkörpern mit Säulenstruktur für Solarzellen |
| DE2929669A1 (de) | 1979-07-21 | 1981-01-29 | Licentia Gmbh | Gemisch eines loesungsmittels fuer die galvanische abscheidung |
| DE3019635A1 (de) * | 1980-05-22 | 1981-11-26 | SIEMENS AG AAAAA, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verbesserung eines verfahrens zur herstellung von platten-, band- oder folienfoermigen siliziumkristallkoerpern fuer solarzellen |
| DE3019653A1 (de) * | 1980-05-22 | 1981-11-26 | SIEMENS AG AAAAA, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verbesserung eines verfahres zur herstellung von platten-, band- oder folienfoermigen siliziumkristallkoerpern fuer solarzellen |
| ATE16203T1 (de) * | 1980-12-31 | 1985-11-15 | Solarex Corp | Verfahren zur herstellung von semikristallinischem silizium und erzieltes produkt. |
| JPS57160174A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-10-02 | Hitachi Ltd | Thin film solar battery |
| DE3226931A1 (de) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-01-19 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von grossflaechigen, fuer die fertigung von solarzellen verwendbaren bandfoermigen siliziumkoerpern |
| DE3310827A1 (de) * | 1983-03-24 | 1984-09-27 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von grobkristallinem silicium |
| DE3466901D1 (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1987-11-26 | Hoxan Kk | Method of fabricating polycrystalline silicon wafer and fabrication tray used therefor |
| DE3427465A1 (de) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-01-30 | Heliotronic Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Solarzellen-Grundstoffe mbH, 8263 Burghausen | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur taktweisen herstellung von siliciumformkoerpern |
| JPS6193614A (ja) * | 1984-10-15 | 1986-05-12 | Nec Corp | 半導体単結晶基板 |
| US5116456A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1992-05-26 | Solon Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for growth of large single crystals in plate/slab form |
| DE4018967A1 (de) * | 1990-06-13 | 1991-12-19 | Wacker Chemitronic | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum giessen von siliciumbloecken mit kolumnarstruktur als grundmaterial fuer solarzellen |
| EP0700454B1 (de) * | 1993-05-25 | 1998-07-22 | Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. | Verfahren zur herstellung grossflächiger kristalliner salzkörper und dazu geeignete vorrichtung |
| JP3596828B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-17 | 2004-12-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | 基体の製造方法 |
| DE19723067C1 (de) * | 1997-06-02 | 1998-12-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum einfachen Herstellen großer Kristallkörper |
| US6313398B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-11-06 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Ga-doped multi-crytsalline silicon, Ga-doped multi-crystalline silicon wafer and method for producing the same |
| DE19934940C2 (de) * | 1999-07-26 | 2001-12-13 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von gerichtet erstarrten Blöcken und Betriebsverfahren hierfür |
| US8021483B2 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2011-09-20 | Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation | Flowable chips and methods for the preparation and use of same, and apparatus for use in the methods |
| FR2853913B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-17 | 2006-09-29 | Apollon Solar | Creuset pour un dispositif de fabrication d'un bloc de materiau cristallin et procede de fabrication |
| US7465351B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-12-16 | Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. | Melter assembly and method for charging a crystal forming apparatus with molten source material |
| US7344594B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-03-18 | Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. | Melter assembly and method for charging a crystal forming apparatus with molten source material |
| US7691199B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2010-04-06 | Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. | Melter assembly and method for charging a crystal forming apparatus with molten source material |
| KR101470814B1 (ko) | 2006-01-20 | 2014-12-09 | 에이엠지 아이디얼캐스트 솔라 코포레이션 | 광전 변환 소자용 단결정 캐스트 실리콘 및 단결정 캐스트 실리콘 바디들을 제조하는 방법 및 장치 |
| DE102006055055A1 (de) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-29 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
| JP5309539B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-12 | 2013-10-09 | 住友化学株式会社 | 精製シリコンの製造方法 |
| US8440157B2 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2013-05-14 | Amg Idealcast Solar Corporation | Methods and apparatuses for manufacturing cast silicon from seed crystals |
| EP2183412A2 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-05-12 | BP Corporation North America Inc. | Methods for manufacturing cast silicon from seed crystals |
| US8709154B2 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2014-04-29 | Amg Idealcast Solar Corporation | Methods for manufacturing monocrystalline or near-monocrystalline cast materials |
| US8591649B2 (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2013-11-26 | Advanced Metallurgical Group Idealcast Solar Corp. | Methods for manufacturing geometric multi-crystalline cast materials |
| JP5125973B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-17 | 2013-01-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | 精製シリコンの製造方法 |
| TW201012978A (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-04-01 | Bp Corp North America Inc | Apparatus and method of use for a casting system with independent melting and solidification |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD73033A (es) * | ||||
| US1251951A (en) * | 1917-06-18 | 1918-01-01 | W G Armstrong Whitworth And Company Ltd | Casting steel ingots. |
| US2402839A (en) * | 1941-03-27 | 1946-06-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical translating device utilizing silicon |
| FR957542A (es) * | 1941-04-04 | 1950-02-23 | ||
| GB592303A (en) * | 1941-05-27 | 1947-09-15 | Western Electric Co | Light sensitive device |
| NL111507C (es) * | 1956-10-31 | |||
| LU31951A1 (es) * | 1956-12-24 | |||
| NL226823A (es) * | 1957-04-15 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| US3012865A (en) * | 1957-11-25 | 1961-12-12 | Du Pont | Silicon purification process |
| US3494709A (en) * | 1965-05-27 | 1970-02-10 | United Aircraft Corp | Single crystal metallic part |
| US3567526A (en) * | 1968-05-01 | 1971-03-02 | United Aircraft Corp | Limitation of carbon in single crystal or columnar-grained nickel base superalloys |
| US3763926A (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1973-10-09 | United Aircraft Corp | Apparatus for casting of directionally solidified articles |
| US3900943A (en) * | 1973-06-07 | 1975-08-26 | Dow Corning | Silicon semiconductor device array and method of making same |
-
1975
- 1975-02-28 DE DE2508803A patent/DE2508803C3/de not_active Expired
- 1975-08-04 IL IL47862A patent/IL47862A/xx unknown
- 1975-08-06 HU HU75WA00000316A patent/HU172435B/hu unknown
- 1975-08-12 DD DD187809A patent/DD122478A5/xx unknown
- 1975-10-27 NL NLAANVRAGE7512544,A patent/NL177612C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-10-30 DK DK488675A patent/DK145828C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-17 YU YU02916/75A patent/YU291675A/xx unknown
- 1975-11-17 CS CS757744A patent/CS199607B2/cs unknown
- 1975-11-22 IN IN2231/CAL/1975A patent/IN143325B/en unknown
- 1975-12-08 SU SU752196602A patent/SU695531A3/ru active
- 1975-12-09 RO RO7584140A patent/RO72156A/ro unknown
- 1975-12-17 ZA ZA757846A patent/ZA757846B/xx unknown
- 1975-12-18 AU AU87664/75A patent/AU499586B2/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-01-26 US US05/652,359 patent/US4382838A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-01-28 JP JP829876A patent/JPS5330988B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1976-02-10 CA CA245,345A patent/CA1061688A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-26 PL PL1976187531A patent/PL98068B1/pl unknown
- 1976-02-26 IT IT48294/76A patent/IT1053650B/it active
- 1976-02-26 SE SE7602574A patent/SE408760B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-27 BE BE164701A patent/BE839008A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-02-27 GB GB7772/76A patent/GB1539244A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-27 FR FR7605549A patent/FR2302132A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-02-27 ES ES445617A patent/ES445617A1/es not_active Expired
- 1976-02-27 CH CH247176A patent/CH604884A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| YU291675A (en) | 1982-05-31 |
| DK488675A (da) | 1976-08-29 |
| AU499586B2 (en) | 1979-04-26 |
| ZA757846B (en) | 1976-11-24 |
| IL47862A (en) | 1978-07-31 |
| GB1539244A (en) | 1979-01-31 |
| SE7602574L (sv) | 1976-08-30 |
| PL98068B1 (pl) | 1978-04-29 |
| RO72156A (ro) | 1981-03-30 |
| HU172435B (hu) | 1978-08-28 |
| AU8766475A (en) | 1977-06-23 |
| CA1061688A (en) | 1979-09-04 |
| DE2508803B2 (de) | 1978-03-09 |
| CH604884A5 (es) | 1978-09-15 |
| JPS5330988B2 (es) | 1978-08-30 |
| BE839008A (fr) | 1976-08-27 |
| FR2302132A1 (fr) | 1976-09-24 |
| ES445617A1 (es) | 1977-10-01 |
| FR2302132B1 (es) | 1980-08-14 |
| SE408760B (sv) | 1979-07-09 |
| SU695531A3 (ru) | 1979-10-30 |
| NL177612C (nl) | 1985-10-16 |
| DE2508803C3 (de) | 1982-07-08 |
| DK145828B (da) | 1983-03-14 |
| DD122478A5 (es) | 1976-10-12 |
| IT1053650B (it) | 1981-10-10 |
| DK145828C (da) | 1983-08-29 |
| DE2508803A1 (de) | 1976-09-09 |
| JPS51101466A (es) | 1976-09-07 |
| NL7512544A (nl) | 1976-08-31 |
| IL47862A0 (en) | 1975-11-25 |
| US4382838A (en) | 1983-05-10 |
| IN143325B (es) | 1977-11-05 |
| NL177612B (nl) | 1985-05-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
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