CN1925960A - 具有内凹表面的多层物料 - Google Patents
具有内凹表面的多层物料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1925960A CN1925960A CNA2005800067250A CN200580006725A CN1925960A CN 1925960 A CN1925960 A CN 1925960A CN A2005800067250 A CNA2005800067250 A CN A2005800067250A CN 200580006725 A CN200580006725 A CN 200580006725A CN 1925960 A CN1925960 A CN 1925960A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- resin
- agent material
- perforate
- article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 claims 1
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- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006121 Polyxylylene adipamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一剂具有对称轴的合成树脂物料，其用于通过压模从而实现多层物品，该剂物料包括：第一合成树脂以及至少大部分包裹在所述第一树脂中的至少一层功能树脂细层，其特征在于该剂物料的一部分表面是内凹的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对多层物料进行压模来实现多层物品的方法。
背景技术
美国专利US4876052公开了一种柱形多层物料(参见图1)，其特征在于一功能树脂3完全包裹在一合成树脂2中。该功能树脂和外层的树脂在性质上是不同的。例如，该功能树脂具有良好的阻挡特性，而形成外层的树脂在选取时则主要考虑其机械和卫生性能。这些多层物料经压模后就能获得多层物品。然而，根据美国专利US4876052所述方法获得的物品要求物品中功能树脂具有很高的比例，由此会出现两个缺点：第一成本高，第二机械性能下降。功能树脂和外层树脂之间缺乏粘性会降低物品的牢靠性并有可能使外层脱胶。专利US4876052的另一个缺点是树脂2和3各自的数量很难控制，树脂2和3的量由物品的几何结构以及物料压制过程中的流动来确定。
日本专利JP2098415提出由一剂柱形物料通过压模来实现多层物品(图2)，其特征在于合成树脂2仅覆盖住功能树脂3的侧面。沿着该剂物料的对称轴线压模制出一种具有多层结构的物品，其特征在于合成树脂2部分包裹住功能树脂3。然而，根据日本专利JP2098415由两种树脂得到的多层物品具有两个明显的缺点：第一，曝露于物体中心表面上的功能树脂3超过了物体总表面的10％；第二，物体中所需功能树脂3的数量至少要占到总树脂量的30％。由此生产出的物品一方面价格过高，另一方面机械性能特别是物体中心的机械性能变化很大。日本专利JP2098415的另一个缺点是树脂2和3各自的数量不好调节，它们的量均由物品的几何结构以及该剂物料压模过程中的流动来固定。
在专利JP2098415中，提出使用一剂三层柱形物料(参见图3)从而部分地消除前述的缺点。该剂物料包括：第一树脂，其形成该剂物料的中心部分，功能树脂3，其仅用来覆盖第一树脂的侧面；以及第三树脂2，其仅用来覆盖功能树脂的侧面。沿着该剂物料的对称轴线挤压该复合物料就得到一多层物品。该剂三层物料的使用具有减少功能树脂3用量的优点，同时相对于内含一种树脂2的物品来说还能制造出机械性能稍有改变的物品。该方法允许将粘性层加到不同特性的树脂之间，从而提供物品的粘接性和牢固性。然而，功能树脂3并不覆盖多层物品的中心部分，其生产出的物品在靠近对称轴线的地方没有阻挡特性，该部分的面积至少占物品总表面面积的10％。物品上未被阻挡树脂层3覆盖的中心区域消弱了物品的阻挡性能，并使这种解决方案缺乏有效性。
发明内容
本发明能够通过压模制出多层物品，并且该物品消除了前述问题。更为特别的是，本方法不需做任何改变可直接使用制做单层物品的压制设备。
本发明是一剂具有对称轴的多层物料，其用于压模从而实现多层物品，该剂物料包括：第一合成树脂以及包裹在所述第一树脂中的至少一层功能细层，该剂多层物料的特征在于其一部分表面是内凹的。该内凹表面可布置在该剂物料的外表面上或者当其有开孔时布置在内表面上。该开孔可以是一个通道也可以是一个空腔。
本发明特别适用于实现具有开孔的多层物品如管头，也可用来实现不带开孔的物品如塞子。
附图说明
通过下面附图所示示例的详细说明，能够更好地理解本发明。其中：
图1到3是现有技术中的多层物料，其通过压模来实现多层物品；
图1是专利US4876052的一剂双层物料；
图2是专利JP2098415的一剂双层物料；
图3是专利JP2098415的一剂三层物料；
图4所示为本发明第一实施例的一剂多层物料。该剂物料包括一内凹表面，其形成了一个中心位于对称轴上的开孔；
图5所示为一个具有开孔的多层物品，其由图4所示的该剂物料压制而成；
图6所示为本发明第二实施例的一剂多层物料。该剂物料包括一内凹表面，其形成了一个中心位于对称轴上的空腔；
图7所示为一个不带开孔的多层物品，其由图6所示的该剂物料压制而成；
图8所示为本发明第一实施例和第二实施例组合后的一剂多层物料，该剂物料包括一内凹表面，其形成了一个空腔和一个开孔；
图9所示为一剂具有空腔的物料，其对应于本发明的第二实施例；
图10所示为根据本发明实现的一种管头；
图11所示为根据本发明实现的一种塞子；
图12到17展示了几种用来实现多层物料的方法，该剂物料的一部分表面为内凹表面。
具体实施方式
本发明描述了多剂适用于制造多层物品的多层物料的几何结构。这些具有内凹表面的物料经发现具有特别的优点。
本发明描述的是至少具有一部分内凹表面的多层物料。根据本发明的第一实施例，所述该剂物料的内凹表面形成一开孔。根据本第二实施例，该所述剂物料的内凹表面形成了一个空腔。本发明能够实现多种带有或不带有开孔的多层物品。
本发明还涉及用来实现所述该剂物料的方法。
本发明同样还描述了所述该剂物料通过压模获得的多层物品。
图4展示了本发明第一例的多层物料。该剂物料1由一个包裹在树脂2中的功能树脂细层3构成。该剂物料1的几何结构由凸面4和凹面5形成，其中凸面4形成所述该剂物料的外周面，凹面5形成了一个开孔，所述开孔的中心位于所述该剂物料的对称轴上。
本发明第一实施例的一剂物料特别适用于实现具有开孔的多层物品，物品开孔的直径小于或等于该剂物料开孔的直径。通常来讲，最好采用一剂其开孔直径等于所要实现物品的开孔直径的物料。
本发明第一实施例的一剂物料(图4)同样能够很好地实现不带开孔的多层物品。在专利JP2098415中，就描述了采用一剂柱形多层物料来形成不带开孔的物品的情况。然而，像专利JP2098415中所描述的该剂柱形物料不能使物品的中心部分恰当地分布上一功能层。事实上，专利JP2098415中描述的柱形物料的压制会形成一种朝物品外周的流动，因此会夹带着功能层朝所述物品的外周移动。因此，其不能夹带着功能层朝所述物品的中心移动。根据本发明第一实施例的一剂物料，该剂物料具有一个形成了一个开孔的内凹表面，就能形成朝物品外周和中心的流动。功能树脂层3也同时被夹带着朝物品的外周和中心移动，由此获得了一个阻挡特性更好的多层物品。
实验表明功能树脂层在该剂物料中的径向位置与压缩率、物品的几何结构、树脂的流变性以及工艺参数有关。功能层在该剂物料中的位置能使物品的表面，即外周和中心被覆盖的情况在压制后达到最佳。
功能树脂细层3提高了物品对气体或香气的不渗透性。通常来讲，出于成本和使用的考虑，最好使用較少量的功能树脂。功能树脂的用量通常小于物品体积的20％，其优选为小于10％。
功能树脂层3的端部可与所述该剂物料的表面齐平，但所述功能树脂层3通常为完全包裹在树脂2中。
图5展示了一种由本发明第一实施例的物料制得的物品。该物品带有一个开孔7。功能树脂层3包裹在树脂2中并靠近物品的外周形成一个折。层3的端部6和6’靠近开孔7，并且一般都不到物品的表面，这样层3就完全包裹在树脂2中。本发明第一实施例的该剂物料能够实现带有开孔并具有功能层3的物品，其中的功能层3至少分布在所述物品的90％范围内。
图6所示为本发明第二实施例的一剂多层物料。该剂物料1由一个包裹在树脂2中的功能树脂细层3构成。该剂物料1的几何结构由凸面4和凹面5形成，其中凸面4形成所述该剂物料的外周面，凹面5形成了一个空腔，所述空腔的中心大体位于所述该剂物料的对称轴上。如图6所示，功能树脂层3仅有一个自由端6，并且该自由端浸沉在该剂物料的表面中，或包裹在树脂2中。本发明第二实施例的一剂物料特别适用于实现不带开孔的物品。图6中，功能层3包裹在树脂2中，树脂层2处于功能层3的两侧并具有一基本不变的厚度。本发明第二实施例并不限于图6所示该剂物料的几何结构。根据用来实现所多层物料的设备的不同，我们发现各层的厚度不必是不变的，由此就可形成各种物料。根据本发明第二实施例获得的所有物料均具有一个内凹的表面5，其形成一空腔。功能层在该剂物料中的位置应使所述层在压制的过程能展开延伸到物品的外周。当功能层3进一步靠近物料的凸面4时，功能层就会接近物品的外周。
图7展示一种由本发明第二实施例的一剂物料经压制而获得的多层物品。该多层物品具有更好的阻挡特性，因为功能层3遍布该物品，即中间部分和外周部分都有。功能层3形成一个靠近所述物品外周的折。功能层3优选完全包裹在树脂2中，即使是其自由端6也是如此。
图8展示了一剂由本发明第一实施例和第二实施例组合形成的物料。该剂物料1由一个包裹在树脂2中的功能树脂细层3构成。该剂物料1的几何结构由凸面4和凹面5形成，其中凸面4形成所述该剂物料的外周面，凹面5形成了一个空腔和一个开孔，所述空腔和开孔的中心大体位于所述该剂物料的对称轴上。如图8所示，功能树脂层3有两个自由端6和6’，并且这两个自由端均浸沉在该剂物料的表面中，或包裹在树脂2中。图8所示该剂物料特别适用于实现带有开孔或者不带开孔的物品。该功能层在该剂物料中的位置应使所述层在压制的过程能展开延伸到物品的外周。当功能层3进一步靠近物料的凸面4时，功能层就会接近物品的外周。开孔的直径以及空腔的体积在优化后应使功能层能同时朝所述该剂物料的中心和外周延伸。
图9展示了一剂具有空腔的物料，其对应于本发明的第二实施例。该剂物料1由一个包裹在树脂2中的功能树脂细层3构成。该剂物料1的几何结构由凸面4和凹面5形成，其中凸面4形成所述该剂物料的外周面，凹面5形成了一个空腔，所述空腔的中心大体位于所述该剂物料的对称轴上。如图9所示，功能树脂层3有两个自由端6和6’，并且这两个自由端均浸沉在该剂物料的表面中，或包裹在树脂2中。图9所示该剂物料特别适用于实现不带开孔的物品。该功能层3的端部6’可能形成一个中断从而在所述该剂物料中形成一个孔。为了获得最佳的阻挡特性，最好是消除或减小这种中断。
图10所示为一种由一剂多层物料制成的管头，其中的多层物料的一部分具有内凹面并形成有一开孔。图11所示为一种由一剂多层物料制成的塞子，其中的多层物料的一部分具有内凹面并形成有一空腔。这些物品的特点是功能树脂细层覆盖物品的整个表面并在其外周处形成一折。这些物品由该剂多层物料在一简单的压制设备中压制形成，其中的压制设备与那种用来压制单层物料从而形成同种物品的压制设备没有什么变化。更为复杂的压制设备以及模具运动中的调整件也可用来提高树脂在一个方向上的流动。这些设备对于几何结构复杂的物品来说非常有用，其能使阻挡层在整个物品中的延伸达到最佳。
图10和图11中的物品由一层包裹在一聚乙烯(PE)树脂中的阻挡树脂(EVOH)细层制得。这些物品对氧气或者是香气具有很强的防渗透性。
为了简化本发明，前面的附图在第二树脂2中刻意仅采用了一层功能层3。我们知道在只有两种树脂时两树脂之间交界的地方通常不易粘牢。习惯上通常用中间粘性层来组合不同特性的树脂，同时确保两层之间具有良好的粘性。因此，在阻挡层两侧加上粘性层能够防止多层物品中可能出现的分层或脱开的问题。粘性层和阻挡层相互平行并且数量很少。形成功能层3的粘性层总共通常会占物料总树脂体积的不到15％，其优选在10％以内。因此，本发明并不限于3层的物料，如图4、6、8和9所示物料，其通常包括5层或更多。
本发明所使用的树脂对应于当前使用的热塑性树脂，特别是那些用于包装工业中的热塑性树脂。其中用来形成功能层的阻挡树脂可以是所述的乙烯与乙烯基乙醇的共聚物(EVOH)、聚酰胺如尼龙-MXD6(Nylon-MXD6)、丙烯腈丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物(BAREX)、氟化聚合物如PVDF。这里也可用一些树脂来形成物品的结构2：聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚酯(PET)。上述物质列表不是排它性的。在树脂的选择中，重要的是选择具有毗邻粘性的产品。一般来讲，优选使用这种在工作温度时粘性比小于10的树脂，其粘性比优选为小于3。
该压模方法包括以下步骤：将一剂由合成树脂构成的多层物料在融化状态下送入到一模具的空腔中；对所述模具空腔中的所述物料进行压模以形成物品；冷却该物品；以及将该物品从模具中取出。
本发明能够实现具有一功能细层的物品，其中的功能层仅占物品体积的不到5％。
用来实现本发明多层物品的方法要求多层物料有一部分具有内凹表面。
图12和13所示为第一种方法。该方法包括制作一个如图12所示的多层管形共挤件。该多层流体流到一个至少包括一模子8和一个芯棒9的模具中。该芯棒9的一端带有一个切断阀，该切断阀能够有规律地切断该管料从而形成物料。根据现有的方法，该多层流体在图12所示的模具上游形成。在本发明的试验中能够将三个挤出器连接一个共挤头上。图12展示了芯棒的位置，该芯棒伸到模子外H的位置处，其能形成所述物料的空腔。一旦离开模具，流体就会包绕住芯棒，从而使物料的几何结构发生变化。
实验表明流体材料对芯棒12端头的包绕取决于高度H、切断阀的几何结构、挤出的树脂、以及芯棒9的运动。通过对这些参数的优化，就能生产出带有开孔(图4和8)或者是不带开孔(图6)的物料。
图13展示了切断阀关闭以及物料的切断情况。通过对工艺参数的修改，如切断阀开关的速度、挤出速率、温度、或者是模具几何结构的修改，能够物料的内凹达到最佳。
图14和15展示了另一种实现内凹物料的方法。该方法包括在图14所示的模具中形成一个管形共挤件。该模具至少包括一模子8和一个芯棒9。该芯棒9芯棒伸到模子外H的高度处。根据所形成物料几何结构的不同，芯棒9可固定不动，也可通过垂直方向周期性的往复运动来驱动，其中的往复运动应与物料切断同步。为了简化本发明，图15展示的是一个芯棒以及一个筒形的模子。本发明还包括其它几何结构的模具，它们的原理都一样，都能生产出具有一部分内凹表面的物料。图14和15所示方法在于通过模具8和9以恒定的速率挤出材料，并通过图15所示的切刀将从模具排出的物料切断。
芯棒和模子端头之间的最大距离H通常在1到5毫米之间。
物料的切断可通过其它现有的方法实现，其例如包括在棒材离开挤出器时对其进行切断的旋转切刀。此类切刀可同时用来将该剂物料传送到模子中。
该剂物料的传送也可用现有已知的方法来实现，如通过重力或者是传送设备来实现。该剂物料在压模中的定位必须非常精确，特别是该剂物料的对称轴必须与模子腔体的对称轴精确对齐。然后是沿着该剂物料的对称轴压制该剂物料。
图17展示了另一种用来实现其中一部分表面为内凹表面的物料。该方法包括：做出一剂管形物料；然后在切断的过程中或者在将所述该剂物料传送到压模的过程中改变其内凹的情况。图16所示为通过模子8和芯棒9形成的管形多层挤出操作。该挤出操作优选以恒定的速率进行。图17展示的是用一个切刀10对多层挤出体进行切断的情况。切刀10的运动能够周期性地切断挤出体，同时还能将所述该剂物料的端部闭合。显然也可用其它类似的方法来同时或者按顺序切断、关闭物料的端部。
该剂多层物料需要所用树脂适合的温度下以融化状态挤出。该多层物料在传送到压模的过程中要保持融化状态。该剂物料经压模，所获得的物品在脱模前至少要在模具中被部分冷却。
在这里所示的示例中，物料和物品均具为简单的几何结构，但本发明显然也适用于任易几何结构的物料和物品。
本发明的物品包含一个功能层，其至少在物品的外周处形成一个折。该物品也可在靠近对称轴的地方包含另一个折。由此可获得功能层为Z字形布置的物品。
物料中的功能层可以有多种布置。优选是将功能层3布置在该剂物料中从而使所述功能层3形成一旋转体的壳体，其中旋转体的中心处于对称轴上。当功能层3到对称轴的距离可变时，就能获得优选的多层物品。
前面描述了物料分布了一个功能层3的情况。本发明也可采用包含有多个功能层3的物料，其中所有功能层的中心都在所述该剂物料的对称轴上。由此获得的多层物品的特征在于：功能层在布置上其中一个层至少部分地放置在另一个层的顶上，并且这些功能层分布在整个物品上。
食品领域中的包装或者是包装部件均要求良好的卫生条件。因此，功能层3通常最好不要与被包装的产品直接接触。最好是将功能层3完全包裹在物料中，这样所述功能层就完全包裹在物品中，或者，所述功能层就离开了所述物品中需要良好卫生性能的那个部分。
作为选择，阻挡层可以有一端不被包裹。
Claims (14)
1、一剂具有对称轴的合成树脂物料，其用于通过压模从而实现多层物品，该剂物料包括：第一合成树脂以及至少大部分包裹在所述第一树脂中的至少一层功能树脂细层，其特征在于该剂物料的一部分表面是内凹的。
2、如权利要求1的该剂物料，其包括一个开孔，所述内凹表面由该开孔形成的至少一部分内表面所构成。
3、如权利要求2的该剂物料，其中的开孔形成一个穿过该剂物料的通道。
4、如权利要求3的该剂物料，其中的开也形成一空腔，其开口于该剂物料的一个表面。
5、如前述任一权利要求的该剂物料，其特征在于功能树脂细层自身形成一多层结构，其包括一包裹在两层粘性树脂层之间的阻挡树脂层。
6、一种由权利要求1到5之一所述的物料获得的多层物品，其特征在于其至少包含一个部分，该部分中功能树脂细层形成一个折。
7、如前述权利要求所述的多层物品，其具有一个对称轴，其特征在于功能树脂细层形成一个中心处于对称轴的旋转体。
8、如权利要求7的多层物品，其特征在于所述旋转体是开口的。
9、如前述权利要求撰述的多层物品，其特征在于所述旋转体包含一个中心在对称轴上的开口。
10、如权利要求6到9之一所述的多层物品，其特征在于其包含一个开孔，该开孔形成了一个穿过该剂物料的通道。
11、如权利要求6到9之一所述的多层物品，其特征在于其没有开孔。
12、如权利要求7的多层物品，其特征在于所述旋转体是闭口的。
13、一种用来生产权利要求1到5之一的物料的方法，其特征在于所述树脂同时并共轴挤出，并且开始是沿直线方向，其特征在于然后的挤出方向发生变化从而形成所述内凹表面。
14、一种用来生产权利要求1到5之一的物料的设备，其采用权利要求13的方法，其特征在于该设备包括：一个通道，其用来使所述树脂直线、同时并共轴流出；以及用来改变挤出方向的装置，方向的改变应能形成所述内凹表面。
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| CH00336/04 | 2004-03-01 | ||
| CH3362004 | 2004-03-01 | ||
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| CH01619/04 | 2004-10-04 | ||
| CHCH02033/04 | 2004-12-08 | ||
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| CHCH02034/04 | 2004-12-08 | ||
| CH02033/04 | 2004-12-08 | ||
| CH02034/04 | 2004-12-08 | ||
| PCT/IB2005/050707 WO2005084903A1 (fr) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | Dose multicouche ayant une surface concave |
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| CN1925960A true CN1925960A (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
| CN1925960B CN1925960B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
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| CN200580006727XA Expired - Fee Related CN1925961B (zh) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | 多层物料 |
| CN2005800067265A Expired - Fee Related CN1926027B (zh) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | 多层结构 |
| CNA2005800067246A Pending CN1925959A (zh) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | 多层合成物品 |
| CN2005800067250A Expired - Fee Related CN1925960B (zh) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | 具有内凹表面的多层物料 |
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| CN200580006727XA Expired - Fee Related CN1925961B (zh) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | 多层物料 |
| CN2005800067265A Expired - Fee Related CN1926027B (zh) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-26 | 多层结构 |
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| JP (5) | JP2007525349A (zh) |
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| SI (2) | SI1720770T1 (zh) |
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2005
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101795841B (zh) * | 2007-09-05 | 2013-06-12 | 艾萨帕克控股公司 | 厚度可变的多层产品 |
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