CN1914242B - 水分散型聚氨酯组合物 - Google Patents
水分散型聚氨酯组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1914242B CN1914242B CN200580003155XA CN200580003155A CN1914242B CN 1914242 B CN1914242 B CN 1914242B CN 200580003155X A CN200580003155X A CN 200580003155XA CN 200580003155 A CN200580003155 A CN 200580003155A CN 1914242 B CN1914242 B CN 1914242B
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- aqueous dispersion
- dispersion type
- type polyurethane
- acid
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- HGRNRWNRNVPVMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-diol;benzoic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HGRNRWNRNVPVMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NIDNOXCRFUCAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2C(O)=O NIDNOXCRFUCAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KEIQPMUPONZJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanediamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N)(N)C1CCCCC1 KEIQPMUPONZJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical class OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N methyl (2s)-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N=C=O)CCCCN=C=O AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005574 norbornylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SMNZOWVTUJGGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SMNZOWVTUJGGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-hydroxybenzophenone Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CDXVUROVRIFQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(diphenoxy)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[P+](=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CDXVUROVRIFQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)O GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical class O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- JIYNFFGKZCOPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sbb061129 Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2C1C1C=C(C)C2C1 JIYNFFGKZCOPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PYBOTXJDCXMILP-ICYLSCGJSA-M sodium;(z,12r)-12-hydroxy-2-sulfooctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O PYBOTXJDCXMILP-ICYLSCGJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound O.CN(C)C BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZNDMMGBXUYFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(dodecylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSP(SCCCCCCCCCCCC)SCCCCCCCCCCCC JZNDMMGBXUYFNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006839 xylylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
- C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
- C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/71—Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates
- C08G18/717—Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,该水分散型聚氨酯组合物是由聚异氰酸酯成分(a)、多元醇成分(b)、胺成分(c)、羧基中和剂成分(d)、以及水(e)而得到的,其中,所述聚异氰酸酯成分(a)是将二异氰酸酯作为必要成分,将其它的聚异氰酸酯化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述多元醇成分(b)是将平均分子量为500~5000的聚碳酸酯二元醇和含有羧基的二元醇作为必要成分,将其它的多元醇化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述胺成分(c)是将单胺化合物作为必要成分,将二胺化合物作为可选成分而得到的;因而该组合物显示出下列效果:涂膜的基底密合性和涂膜物性良好,对涂料表现出赋予足够的耐冲击性的效果,适合用作汽车中涂层涂料的组分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由特定的结构组成的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,更详细地,涉及将平均分子量为500~5000的聚碳酸酯二元醇、含有羧基的二元醇、二异氰酸酯化合物、单胺化合物以及羧基中和剂作为必要原料而获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其赋予基底密合性和耐冲击性的效果优良。
背景技术
汽车的涂装通常是在电镀板上进行多层涂装,例如由中涂层、底涂层和面涂层构成。近年来,从环境负担和劳动卫生的观点出发,研究了中涂层和底涂层的水性化。另外,对于中涂层,为了最终能获得优质的精加工外观,需要有基底调制性能,此外,还要求有与耐修复特性有关的耐冲击性。
为了解决上述问题,研究了在中涂层涂料中使用水分散型树脂组合物的方法。例如,在专利文献1中,报道有使用了聚酯乳液和脂肪族聚异氰酸酯加成物的水性涂料;在专利文献2中,报道有使用了聚氨酯乳液和丙烯酸乳液的汽车用耐修复涂料;在专利文献3中,报道有使用了将具有乙烯和羧基的烯键性不饱和单体作为主成分的共聚树脂以及聚氨酯的耐修复性水性涂料。另外,在专利文献4中,报道有使用了具有聚硅氧烷基的聚合物、将烯键性不饱和单体和具有羧基的烯键性不饱和单体作为主成分的共聚树脂、以及水性聚氨酯的水性涂料组合物。
专利文献1:特开平8-209066号公报
专利文献2:特开平7-166093号公报
专利文献3:特开平6-9925号公报
专利文献4:特开2000-119556号公报
发明内容
对用于汽车水性中涂层涂料的水分散型聚氨酯所要求的性质是能赋予涂料以充分的耐修复性。因此,水分散型聚氨酯本身对基底的密合强度优良且具有可以赋予涂膜以耐冲击性的物性,可以认为是有效的。另外,假设与其它树脂混合使用,则即使在水分散型聚氨酯组合物的固体成分浓度较大的状态下,也必须不损害分散性。
本发明者等进行了反复研究,结果发现特定成分的水分散型聚氨酯组合物可以解决上述问题,从而实现了本发明。
本发明提供了由聚异氰酸酯成分(a)、多元醇成分(b)、胺成分(c)、羧基中和剂成分(d)、以及水(e)而得到的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其中,所述聚异氰酸酯成分(a)是将二异氰酸酯作为必要成分,将其它的聚异氰酸酯化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述多元醇成分(b)是将平均分子量为500~5000的聚碳酸酯二元醇和含有羧基的二元醇作为必要成分,将其它的多元醇化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述胺成分(c)是将单胺化合物作为必要成分,将二胺化合物作为可选成分而得到的。
具体实施方式
本发明的聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的必要成分即二异氰酸酯,不受特别的限制,可以使用一种或者混合使用二种或更多种的众所周知的二异氰酸酯。作为该二异氰酸酯,可列举出甲苯撑二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、3,3’-二甲基二苯基-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二茴香胺二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯;异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、反-1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯、降冰片烯二异氰酸酯等脂环式二异氰酸酯;1,6-六甲撑二异氰酸酯、2,2,4和/或(2,4,4)-三甲 基六甲撑二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯等脂肪族二异氰酸酯。作为二异氰酸酯,由于得到的聚氨酯分子以及由其获得的涂膜的耐水解性优良,因此优选为脂环式二异氰酸酯,更优选为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯。
上述的二异氰酸酯可以使用碳化二亚胺改性、异氰脲酸酯改性、缩二脲改性等改性物的形式,也可以使用由各种封端剂封闭了的封端异氰酸酯的形式。另外,聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的二异氰酸酯的含量(质量%)如果小于50%,则有可能对中层涂料的相容性差,所以优选为50%或以上,更优选为70%或以上。
本发明的聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的可选成分即其它的聚异氰酸酯化合物,是在—分子中具有三个或更多个异氰酸酯基的聚异氰酸酯。例如可列举出,上面例示的二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯三聚物、缩二脲三聚物、三羟甲基丙烷加成物;三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯、1-甲基苯-2,4,6-三异氰酸酯、二甲基三苯基甲烷四异氰酸酯等三官能团或更多官能团的异氰酸酯等,这些异氰酸酯化合物可以以碳化二亚胺改性、异氰脲酸酯改性、缩二脲改性等改性物的形式使用,也可以以由各种封端剂封闭了的封端异氰酸酯的形式使用。
本发明的多元醇成分(b)中,作为必要成分的聚碳酸酯二元醇的平均分子量为500~5000。如果平均分子量小于500,则不能获得相对于基底的足够的涂膜密合性,而如果超过5000,则水分散性聚氨酯的分散稳定性下降,或者涂膜的耐冲击性不足。另外,对于作为聚碳酸酯二元醇原料的二元醇没有特别的限制,可以任意选择乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,4-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,4-二乙基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇等低分子二元醇,但是优选成本低且易于获得的1,6-己二醇。
在多元醇成分(b)中,作为必要成分的含有羧基的二元醇,是为 了向聚氨酯分子中引入亲水性基团而使用的。亲水性基团是被中和了的羧基。作为含有羧基的二元醇的具体例子,可列举出二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基戊酸。
另外,对于作为多元醇成分(b)的可选成分即其它的多元醇化合物,没有特别的限制,可以使用一种或者混合使用二种或更多种众所周知的多元醇。作为该多元醇,可列举出低分子多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚丁二烯多元醇、硅酮多元醇、具有酯键的多元醇等。
作为上述低分子多元醇,可列举出例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,4-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,4-二乙基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇1,7-庚二醇、3,5-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇、2-甲基-1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1,10-癸二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇等脂肪族二元醇类;环己烷二甲醇、环己烷二醇等脂环式二醇类;三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、己糖醇类、戊糖醇类、甘油、季戊四醇、四羟甲基丙烷等三元或更多元的醇类。
作为上述的聚醚多元醇,可列举出例如上述低分子多元醇的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成物、聚丁二醇等。
作为上述硅酮多元醇,可列举出在分子中具有硅氧烷键的末端是羟基的硅油类等。
作为上述具有酯键的多元醇,可列举出聚酯多元醇、聚酯聚碳酸酯多元醇等。
作为上述聚酯多元醇,可列举出通过将上述例示的低分子多元醇与比该低分子多元醇化学当量少的多元羧酸或者其酯形成性衍生物(酯、酸酐、卤化物等)直接进行酯化反应和/或酯交换反应而获得的物质。作为该多元羧酸或者其酯形成性衍生物,可列举出例如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二 酸、十二烷二酸、2-甲基琥珀酸、2-甲基己二酸、3-甲基己二酸、3-甲基戊二酸、2-甲基辛二酸、3,8-二甲基癸二酸、3,7-二甲基癸二酸、氢化二聚酸、二聚酸等脂肪族二羧酸类;邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸等芳香族二羧酸类;1,2-环戊烷二羧酸、1,3-环戊烷二羧酸、1,2-环己烷二羧酸、1,3-环己烷二羧酸、1,4-环己烷二羧酸、1,4-二羧基亚甲基环己烷、降冰片烯二酸、甲基降冰片烯二酸等脂环式二羧酸类;偏苯三酸、均苯三酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸的三聚物等三羧酸类等的多元羧酸;这些多元羧酸的酸酐;该多元羧酸的氯化物、溴化物等卤化物;该多元羧酸的甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、异丁酯、戊酯等低级酯或γ-己内酯、δ-己内酯、ε-己内酯、二甲基ε-己内酯、δ-戊内酯、γ-戊内酯、γ-丁内酯等内酯类。
在本发明的多元醇成分(b)的组成比中,平均分子量为500~5000的聚碳酸酯二元醇如果低于50质量%,则有时不能获得足够的强度,如果超过97质量%,则有可能所获得的聚氨酯的水分散性差,因此优选为50~97质量%,更优选为75~95质量%。另外,含有羧基的二元醇的含量如果低于3质量%,则有时不能获得足够的水分散性,而如果超过30质量%,则有可能所获得的涂膜强度和耐水性变差,因此优选为3~30质量%,更优选为5~25质量%。
本发明的胺成分(c)中,对于作为必要成分的单胺化合物,没有特别的限制,可以使用一种或者混合使用二种或更多种众所周知的单胺化合物。作为该单胺化合物,可列举出乙胺、丙胺、2-丙胺、丁胺、2-丁胺、叔丁胺、异丁胺等烷基胺;苯胺、甲基苯胺、苯基萘胺、萘胺等芳香族胺;环己胺、甲基环己胺等脂环式胺;2-甲氧基乙胺、3-甲氧基丙胺、2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙胺等醚胺;乙醇胺、丙醇胺、丁基乙醇胺、1-氨基-2-甲基-2-丙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇、二乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、二甲基氨基丙基乙醇胺、二丙醇胺、N-甲基乙醇胺、N-乙基乙醇胺等烷醇胺等。其中由于烷醇胺对聚氨酯分子能赋予良好的水分散稳定性,因此是优选的;由于2-氨基乙醇、二乙醇胺成本低,因此更优选。
本发明的胺成分(c)中,对于作为可选成分的二胺化合物没有特别的限制,可以使用一种或者混合使用二种或更多种众所周知的二胺化合物。作为该二胺化合物,可列举出将乙二胺、丙二胺等上述例示的低分子二醇的醇性羟基取代为氨基的低分子二胺类;聚氧化丙烯二胺、聚氧化乙烯二胺等聚醚二胺类;薄荷烯二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、降冰片烯二胺、双(4-氨基-3-甲基二环己基)甲烷、二氨基二环己基甲烷、双(氨基甲基)环己烷、3,9-双(3-氨基丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧代螺(5,5)十一烷等脂环式二胺类;间二甲苯二胺、α-(间/对氨基苯基)乙胺、间苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基砜、二氨基二乙基二甲基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二乙基二苯基甲烷、二甲基硫代甲苯二胺、二乙基甲苯二胺、α,α’-双(4-氨基苯基)-对二异丙基苯等芳香族二胺类;肼;在上述聚酯多元醇中使用的多元羧酸中例示的二羧酸与肼的化合物即二羧酸二肼化合物。在这些二胺化合物中,由于低分子二胺类成本低,因此是优选的,更优选乙二胺。
本发明的胺成分(c)的组成比中,作为可选成分的二胺化合物的含量如果小于5摩尔%,则有时不能获得足够的涂膜强度,而如果超过99摩尔%,则有时聚氨酯的分子量变大,相对于水的分散稳定性变差,所以优选为5~99摩尔%,更优选为5~95摩尔%,最优选为5~50摩尔%。
在本发明的羧基中和剂成分(d)中所使用的中和剂,是与羧基进行反应而形成亲水性盐的碱性化合物。作为该碱性化合物,可列举出例如三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺等三烷基胺类,N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基丙醇胺、N,N-二丙基乙醇胺、1-二甲基氨基-2-甲基-2-丙醇等N,N-二烷基烷醇胺类,N-烷基-N,N-二烷醇胺类;三乙醇胺等三烷醇胺类等的三级胺化合物;氨、三甲基氢氧化铵、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂等。其中,由于所获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物的分散稳定性良好,优选三级胺化合物。
在本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物中,除了上述(a)~(e)外,也可以在聚氨酯分子中使用赋予支化和交联结构的内部支化剂和内部交联剂。作为这些内部支化剂和内部交联剂,可列举出三聚氰胺、羟甲基三聚氰胺等。
在本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物中,对于其制造方法没有特别的限制,可以使用众所周知一般的方法。作为制造方法,优选在对反应惰性且与水的亲和性大的溶剂中合成预聚物或者聚合物,然后将其进料到水中进行分散的方法。例如可列举出下述方法:(1)用聚异氰酸酯成分(a)和多元醇成分(b)合成预聚物,然后使其在水中与胺成分(c)进行反应的方法;(2)用聚异氰酸酯成分(a)、多元醇成分(b)和胺成分(c)合成聚合物,然后将其进料到水中进行分散的方法。另外,羧基中和剂成分(d)可以预先加入准备进料的水中,也可以在进料后加入。
关于上述的制造方法,由于(1)的方法易于控制其组成和反应,且可以获得良好的分散性,所以是优选的。
作为在上述适合的制造方法中所使用的对反应惰性且与水的亲和性大的溶剂,可列举出例如丙酮、甲乙酮、二噁烷、四氢呋喃、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮等。这些溶剂通常相对于用于制造预聚物或者聚合物的上述原料的总量,使用3~100质量%。
在制造本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物时,对各成分的混合比没有特别的限制。该混合比可以将反应阶段的聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的异氰酸酯基与多元醇成分(b)以及胺成分(c)中的异氰酸酯反应基的摩尔比作为基准进行选择。关于该摩尔比,如果分散的聚氨酯分子中未反应的异氰酸酯基不足,则用作涂料时有时涂膜密合性或涂膜强度较低;而如果未反应的异氰酸酯基过量存在,则有时对涂料的分散稳定性或物性造成影响,因此相对于聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的异氰酸酯基的摩尔数,多元醇成分(b)的羟基摩尔数和胺成分(c)的氨基摩尔数之和优选选自0.50~2.0倍的范围。另外,多元醇成分(b)的羟基摩尔比,相对于聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的异氰酸酯基为1时,优选为0.3~1.0,更优选为0.5~0.9。此外,胺成分(c)的氨基的摩尔比,相对于聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的异氰酸酯基为1时,优选为0.1~1.0,更优选为0.2~0.5。
另外,根据羧基中和剂成分(d)的中和率,只要设定为能使获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物具有足够的分散稳定性的范围就可以,但相对于多元醇成分(b)中的羧基的摩尔数为1时,优选为0.5~2.0倍当量,更优选为0.7~1.5倍当量。
作为本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物的状态,可列举出乳化液、悬浮液、胶体分散液、水溶液等。为了使分散性稳定,还可以使用一种、二种或更多种的表面活性剂等乳化剂。对于聚氨酯粒子在水中分散形成乳化液、悬浮液或胶态分散液时的粒径,没有特别的限制,但为了可以保持良好的分散状态,优选为1μm或以下,更优选为500nm或以下。
作为上述的乳化剂,可以使用在水分散型聚氨酯组合物中所使用的众所周知一般的阴离子性表面活性剂、非离子性表面活性剂、阳离子性表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、高分子类表面活性剂、反应性表面活性剂等。当使用这些表面活性剂时,由于阴离子性表面活性剂、非离子性表面活性剂或阳离子性表面活性剂成本也低,且可获得良好的乳化,所以是优选的。
作为上述的阴离子性表面活性剂,可列举出例如十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钾和十二烷基硫酸铵等烷基硫酸盐类;十二烷基聚乙二醇醚硫酸钠;磺基蓖麻酸钠(sodium sulforicinoleate);磺化链烷烃的碱金属盐、磺化链烷烃的铵盐等烷基磺酸盐;月桂酸钠、三乙醇胺油酸盐、三乙醇胺松香酸盐等脂肪酸盐;苯磺酸钠、碱性酚式羟基乙烯的碱金属硫酸盐等烷基芳基硫酸盐;高级烷基萘磺酸盐;萘磺酸甲醛缩合物;二烷基硫代琥珀酸盐;聚氧化乙烯烷基硫酸盐;聚氧化乙烯烷基芳基硫酸盐等。
作为上述的非离子性表面活性剂,可列举出碳原子数为1~18的醇的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成物、烷基苯酚的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成物、亚烷基二醇和/或亚烷基二胺的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成物等。
作为构成上述非离子性表面活性剂的碳原子数为1~18的醇,可列举出甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇、2-丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、异戊醇、叔戊醇、己醇、辛醇、癸醇、月桂醇、十四烷醇、十六烷醇、十八烷醇等;作为烷基酚,可列举出苯酚、甲基苯酚、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基苯酚、3,5-二叔丁基苯酚、4-(1,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚、4-异辛基苯酚、4-壬基苯酚、4-叔辛基苯酚、4-十二烷基苯酚、2-(3,5-二甲基庚基)苯酚、4-(3,5-二甲基庚基)苯酚、萘酚、双酚A、双酚F等;作为亚烷基二醇,可列举出乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2,4-二乙基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇等;作为亚烷基二胺,可列举出将这些亚烷基二醇的醇性羟基用氨基取代而得到的物质。另外,环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成物,可以是无规加成物也可以是嵌段加成物。
作为上述的阳离子性表面活性剂,可列举出1级~3级胺盐、吡啶鎓盐、烷基吡啶鎓盐、卤化烷基季铵盐等的季铵盐等。
在使用这些乳化剂时,对其使用量没有特别的限制,可以使用任意量,但是相对于聚氨酯化合物为1时,如果以质量比计低于0.01,则有时不能获得足够的分散性,而超过0.3时,则有可能由水分散型聚氨酯组合物获得的涂膜等的耐水性、强度、拉伸等物性下降,因此优选为0.01~0.3,更优选为0.05~0.2。
另外,在本发明的水分散聚氨酯组合物中,对其固体成分没有特别的限制,可以选择任意的值。为了使分散性和涂装性良好,该固体 成分优选为10~70质量%,更优选为20~60质量%。
对于分散在本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物中的聚氨酯的平均分子量,没有特别的限制,可以选择能赋予作为水性涂料以分散性和良好涂膜的范围。对于平均分子量,优选为5000~200000,更优选为10000~50000。另外,对于羟基值没有特别的限制,但通常以每1g树脂的KOH消耗量(mg)计为1~100。
另外,对于本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物的物性,优选能赋予更为良好的耐修复性。为此,从冲击的缓冲作用和能量传播的方面出发,重要的是拉伸和抗拉强度的平衡。拉伸大而抗拉强度小的,具有因修复使得伤痕扩大的倾向;拉伸小而抗拉强度大的,具有因修复使得伤痕加深的倾向。在本发明的聚氨酯组合物中,能赋予更为良好的耐修复性的范围如下所述的范围,即:在25℃下干燥12小时、然后在120℃下进行1小时的热固化而形成的厚度为150μm的哑铃状2号片,通过25℃下的拉伸试验(条件为:测试速度500mm/分钟,间距40mm)而产生的抗拉强度为10~100Mpa,拉伸率为100~1000%,抗拉强度(MPa)/拉伸率(%)的值为0.01~0.5。
另外,在本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物中,也可以根据需要使用众所周知的一般所使用的各种添加剂。作为该添加剂,可列举出例如颜料、染料、成膜助剂、固化剂、硅烷偶合剂、防结块剂、粘度调节剂、流平剂、消泡剂、凝胶抑制剂、分散稳定剂、受阻胺类光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、自由基捕获剂、耐热性剂、无机和有机填充剂、增塑剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂、补强剂、催化剂、触变剂、抗菌剂、防霉剂、防腐触剂等。
特别地,由于本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物主要用于汽车外部装饰,所以优选使用受阻胺类光稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、磷类、酚类或者硫类抗氧化剂。
作为受阻胺类光稳定剂,可列举出例如2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶硬脂酸酯、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶硬脂酸酯、2,2, 6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶苯甲酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶醇)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇)癸二酸酯、l,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基甲醇甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基甲醇甲基丙烯酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇)-1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸酯、四(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶醇)-1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇)-双(十三烷醇)-1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶醇)-双(十三烷醇)-1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶醇)-2-丁基-2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇/琥珀酸二乙酯缩聚物、1,6-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氨基)己烷/二溴乙烷缩聚物、1,6-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氨基)己烷/2,4-二氯-6-吗啉基-s-三嗪缩聚物、1,6-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氨基)己烷/2,4-二氯-6-叔辛基氨基-s-三嗪缩聚物、1,5,8,12-四[2,4-双(N-丁基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)氨基)-s-三嗪-6-基]-1,5,8,12-四氮杂十二烷、1,5,8,12-四[2,4-双(N-丁基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)氨基)-s-三嗪-6-基]-1,5,8,12-四氮杂十二烷、1,6,11-三[2,4-双(N-丁基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)氨基)-s-三嗪-6-基-氨基]十一烷、1,6,11-三[2,4-双(N-丁基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)氨基)-s-三嗪-6-基-氨基]十一烷、3,9-双[1,1-二甲基-2-[三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基氧基)丁基羰基氧基]乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧代螺[5.5]十一烷、3,9-双[1,1-二甲基-2-[三(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基氧基)丁基羰基氧基]乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧代螺[5.5]十一烷等。
作为紫外线吸收剂,可列举出例如2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮、5,5’-亚甲基双(2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮)等2-羟基二苯甲酮类;2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3,5-二枯基苯基)苯并三唑、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-叔辛基-6-苯并三唑基苯酚)、2-(2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-羧基苯基)苯并三唑的聚乙二醇酯、2-[2-羟基-3-(2-丙烯酰氧基乙基)-5-甲基苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)-5-叔丁基苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)-5-叔辛基苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)-5-叔丁基苯基]-5-氯苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-5-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3-叔戊基-5-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)苯基]-5-氯苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-4-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2-羟基-4-(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)苯基]苯并三唑等2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并三唑类;2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(3-C12~13混合烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]]-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基-3-烯丙基苯基)-4,6-双(2, 4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(2-羟基-3-甲基-4-己氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪等2-(2-羟基苯基)-4,6-二芳基-1,3,5-三嗪类;水杨酸苯酯、苯甲酸间苯二酚单酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸-2,4-二叔丁基苯酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸辛酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十二烷醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十四烷醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸二十二烷醇酯等苯甲酸酯类;2-乙基-2’-乙氧基草酰替苯胺、2-乙氧基-4’-十二烷基草酰替苯胺等取代草酰替苯胺类;α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、2-氰基-3-甲基-3-(p-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸甲酯等氰基丙烯酸酯类;各种金属盐或金属螯合物,尤其是镍或铬的盐或螯合物类等。
作为磷类抗氧化剂,可列举出例如亚磷酸三苯酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯酚)亚磷酸酯、三(2,5-二叔丁基苯酚)亚磷酸酯、三(壬基苯酚)亚磷酸酯、三(二壬基苯酚)亚磷酸酯、三(混合单、二-壬基苯酚)亚磷酸酯、酸式亚磷酸二苯酯、2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)辛醇亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸二苯一癸酯、亚磷酸二苯一辛酯、二(壬基苯酚)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸一苯二异癸酯、亚磷酸三丁酯、三(2-乙基己基)亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三癸酯、亚磷酸三月桂酯、酸式亚磷酸二丁酯、酸式亚磷酸二月桂酯、三硫代亚磷酸三月桂酯、双(季戊二醇)-1,4-环己烷二甲醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯酚)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,5-二叔丁基苯酚)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二枯基苯酚)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二硬脂醇季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、四(C12~C15混合烷醇)-4,4’-异丙叉二苯基亚磷酸酯、双[2,2’-亚甲撑双(4,6-二戊基苯酚)]-异丙叉二苯基亚磷酸酯、四(十三烷醇)-4,4’-丁叉双(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苯酚)二亚磷酸酯、六(十三烷醇)-1,1,3-三(2-甲基 -5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯酚)丁烷三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二叔丁基苯酚)联苯撑二亚磷酸酯、三(2-[(2,4,7,9-四叔丁基二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl)氧代]乙基)胺、9,10-二氢-9-氧代-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、(2-丁基-2-乙基丙二醇)-2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚单亚磷酸酯等。
作为酚类抗氧化剂,可列举出例如2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸硬脂醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸二硬脂醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基硫代乙酸十三烷醇酯、硫代二乙撑双[(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酚)丙酸酯]、4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基间甲酚)、2-辛基硫代-4,6-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-s-三嗪、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、双[3,3-双(4-羟基-3-叔丁基苯基)丁酸]乙二醇酯、4,4’-丁叉双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-丁叉双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、2,2’-乙叉双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、双[2-叔丁基-4-甲基-6-(2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基)苯酚]对苯二甲酸酯、1,3,5-三(2,6-二甲基-3-羟基-4-叔丁基苄醇)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄醇)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,3,5-三[(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氧基乙醇]异氰脲酸酯、四[3-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-4’-羟基苯基)丙酸亚甲酯基]甲烷、2-叔丁基-4-甲基-6-(2-丙酰氧基-3-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基)苯酚、3,9-双[2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯丙酰基氧基)-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧代螺[5.5]十一烷、三甘醇双[β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸]酯等。
作为硫类抗氧化剂,可列举出例如硫代二丙酸的二月桂基酯、二(十四烷基)酯、十四烷基十八烷基酯、二(十八烷基)酯等硫代二丙酸二烷基酯类以及季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基丙酸)酯等的β-烷基巯基丙酸的多元醇酯类。
受阻胺类光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂各自的使用量,相对于本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物的固体成分100质量份,如果小于0.001质量份,则有时不能获得足够的添加效果;而如果大于10质量份时,则有可能会对分散性或涂装物性带来影响,因此优选为0.001~10质量份,更优选为0.01~5质量份。另外,这些受阻胺类光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、以及紫外线吸收剂的加入方法,可列举出添加到多元醇成分中的方法、添加到预聚物中的方法、在水分散时添加到水相中的方法、在水分散后添加的方法,但为了操作容易,优选添加到多元醇成分中的方法和添加到预聚物中的方法。
实施例
下面,利用实施例、比较例和评价例来更加详细地说明本发明。但是,本发明并不受以下实施例等的任何限制。
[实施例1]水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.1的制造
将分子量为2000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇0.26摩尔份、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯1.0摩尔份、和二羟甲基丙酸0.36摩尔份、以及占这些物质总质量的39质量%的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮装入反应烧瓶中,在氮气流下,在125℃下使其反应2小时,然后加入三乙胺0.47摩尔份,再搅拌1小时获得预聚物。向溶解了0.05g硅酮类消泡剂SE-21(Wacker Silicone公司制)的120g的水中,在15分钟内滴加由上述得到的预聚物100g。然后,加入单乙醇胺2.4g,进而在40℃下进行搅拌直到通过IR测定发现异氰酸酯基的吸收消失为止,从而获得固体成分为31.5质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.1。在下述条件下,用GPC分析对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是22000。
分子量测量条件:分析柱:TSKgel G4000 G3000 G2000,洗脱液:THF,流量:1.000ml/分钟,检测:UV(245nm),标准物:PST
[实施例2]水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.2的制造
将分子量为2000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇0.26摩尔份、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯1.0摩尔份、和二羟甲基丙酸0.36摩尔份、以及占这些物质总质量的40质量%的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮装入反应烧瓶中,在氮气流下,在125℃下使其反应2小时,获得预聚物。向溶解有硅酮类消泡剂SE-21(Wacker Silicone公司制)0.25g、三乙醇胺22.0g、乙二胺0.315g和单乙醇胺5.35g的600g的水中,在15分钟内滴加由上述得到的预聚物500g。进而在40℃下搅拌30分钟直到通过IR测量发现异氰酸酯基的吸收消失为止,从而获得固体成分为32.0质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.2。用与上述实施例1相同的方法,对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是30000。
[实施例3]水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.3的制造
将分子量为2000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇0.26摩尔份、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯1.0摩尔份、和二羟甲基丙酸0.36摩尔份、以及占这些物质总质量的39质量%的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮装入反应烧瓶中,在氮气流下,在125℃下使其反应2小时,获得预聚物。向溶解有硅酮类消泡剂SE-21(Wacker Silicone公司制)0.05g、三乙醇胺3.94g、乙二胺0.31g和单乙醇胺1.78g的120g的水中,在15分钟内滴加由上述得到的预聚物100g。进而在40℃下搅拌30分钟直到通过IR测量发现异氰酸酯基的吸收消失为止,从而获得固体成分为31.6质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.3。用与上述实施例1相同的方法,对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是48000。
[实施例4]水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.4的制造
将分子量为1000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇0.34摩尔份、二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯1.0摩尔份、和二羟甲基丙酸0.36摩尔份、以及这些物质总质量的40质量%的N-甲基-2- 吡咯烷酮装入反应烧瓶中,在氮气流下,在125℃下使其反应2小时,获得预聚物。向溶解有硅酮类消泡剂SE-21(Wacker Silicone公司制)0.05g、三乙醇胺5.00g、乙二胺0.62g和单乙醇胺2.16g的120g的水中,在15分钟内滴加由上述得到的预聚物100g。进而在40℃下搅拌30分钟,直到通过IR测量发现异氰酸酯基的吸收消失为止,从而获得固体成分为31.7质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.4。用与上述实施例1相同的方法,对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是17000。
[实施例5]水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.5的制造
将分子量为1000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇0.12摩尔份、三聚氰胺0.16摩尔份、二羟甲基丙酸0.27摩尔份、和二环己基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯1.0摩尔份、以及这些物质总质量的60质量%的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮装入反应烧瓶中,在氮气流下,在125℃下使其反应2小时,然后加入三乙胺0.27摩尔份,再搅拌1小时获得预聚物。向溶解有硅酮类消泡剂SE-21(Wacker Silicone公司制)0.05g的117g的水中,在15分钟内滴加由上述得到的预聚物100g。然后,加入乙二胺1.2g、单乙醇胺1.2g和己二酰肼1.3g,进而在40℃下进行搅拌,直到通过IR测量发现异氰酸酯基的吸收消失为止,从而获得固体成分为29.0质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.5。对于其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量,除了溶剂使用DMSO以外,用与上述实施例1相同的方法进行测量,结果是200000。
[比较例1]
除了用分子量为2000的由己二酸和1,6-己二醇获得的聚酯二醇来代替分子量为2000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇外,按照与上述实施例2相同的方法混合、操作,获得固体成分为32.2质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物(记做比较1)。用与上述实施例1相同的方法对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是30000。
[比较例2]
除了用分子量为2000的由对苯二甲酸和1,6-己二醇获得的聚酯二醇来代替分子量为2000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇外,按照与上述实施例2相同的方法混合、操作,获得固体成分为32.1质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物(记做比较2)。用与上述实施例1相同的方法对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是30000。
[比较例3]
除了用分子量为2000的聚乙二醇来代替分子量为2000的由1,6-己二醇获得的聚碳酸酯二元醇外,按照与上述实施例2相同的方法混合、操作,获得固体成分为32.2质量%的水分散型聚氨酯组合物(记做比较3)。用与上述实施例1相同的方法对其中分散的聚氨酯的平均分子量进行测量,结果是30000。
[评价例1]密合性评价
在进行了电镀涂装的钢板上,分别涂布由实施例1~4获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.1~4、由比较例1~3获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物比较1~3,在150℃下加热30分钟,作成25μm的涂膜层,将所获得试验片的涂装面作为外侧进行90°的弯曲加工。对于加工部位的涂膜,用放大镜观察细裂纹;以及在使其压接玻璃纸胶带后,通过剥离玻璃纸胶带时涂膜的剥落来评价密合性。结果示于表1中。密合性的评价是:把没有细裂纹、剥落的记做○,把观察到细裂纹的记做△,把有剥落的记做×。结果示于表1中。
[表1]
No. | 水分散型聚氨酯组合物 | 密合性 |
评价例1-1 | No.1 | ○ |
评价例1-2 | No.2 | ○ |
评价例1-3 | No.3 | ○ |
评价例1-4 | No.4 | ○ |
比较评价例1-1 | 比较1 | × |
比较评价例1-2 | 比较2 | × |
比较评价例1-3 | 比较3 | × |
[评价例2]物性测定
使用由上述实施例1~4以及比较例1~3获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,在25℃下干燥12小时后在120℃下通过热固化1小时,作成厚150μm的哑铃形状2号试样片。使用该试样片,在测试速度为500mm/分钟、间距为40mm的条件下,测量由25℃的拉伸试验而产生的抗拉强度和拉伸率。结果示于表2中。
[表2]
No. | 水分散型聚氨酯组合物 | 抗拉强度 (MPa) | 拉伸率 (%) | 抗拉强度/拉伸率 |
评价例2-1 | No.1 | 17.5 | 500 | 0.035 |
评价例2-2 | No.2 | 31.0 | 370 | 0.084 |
评价例2-3 | No.3 | 41.0 | 385 | 0.106 |
评价例2-4 | No.4 | 30.0 | 173 | 0.173 |
比较评价例2-1 | 比较例1 | 5.0 | 300 | 0.017 |
比较评价例2-2 | 比较例2 | 6.3 | 390 | 0.016 |
比较评价例2-3 | 比较例3 | 5.0 | 320 | 0.016 |
[评价例3]水性中涂层涂料的制造和耐修复性评价
向具有加热装置、搅拌器、氮气导入管和分馏塔的反应容器中,加入新戊二醇348质量份、三羟甲基丙烷150质量份、己二酸128质量份和邻苯二甲酸酐435份,在220℃使其反应5小时后,加入偏苯三酸酐42质量份,在160℃下使其反应1小时。然后,向该反应物中加入ε-己内酯88质量份和十二烷基苯磺酸1质量份,在150℃下使其反应3小时,从而获得重均分子量约为12000、酸值为25、羟基值为110的聚酯树脂。将该聚酯树脂1000质量份(以固体成分量计,以下同)、二甲基氨基乙醇40质量份、六甲撑二异氰酸酯的三聚物的加成物(6官能团)的封端聚异氰酸酯化合物410质量份、二丁基二月桂酸锡14质量份、二氧化钛白颜料1400质量份、以及炭黑20质量份混合分散于1800质量份的去离子水中,从而获得水性聚酯树脂涂料。
将由上述获得的水性聚酯树脂涂料与由上述实施例获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物No.1~4,按照质量比为75∶25的比例进行混合,制备水性涂料No.1~4。按照相同的混合比例,使用由上述比较例1获得的水分散型聚氨酯组合物比较1,制备比较用水性涂料。将水性涂料No.1~4、比较用水性涂料、以及没有加入水分散型聚氨酯组合物的水性聚酯树脂涂料,分别喷涂在进行了电镀涂装的钢板上,在150℃下加热30分钟,作成厚度为25μm的涂膜层,再在其上喷涂AmilacWhite(Kansai Paint株式会社制),在140℃加热30分钟,作成厚度为35μm的涂膜层,从而作成了3层涂装钢板。将获得的试验片冷却至-25℃,使用飞石试验机(Suga试验设备公司制)在3.5kg/cm2的空气压力下喷射100g的7号碎石,在距离为40cm、进入角度为60°的条件下进行耐修复性的评价。结果示于表3中。
[表3]
No. | 涂料 | 水分散型聚氨酯组合物 | 耐修复性 评价 |
评价例3-1 | 水性涂料No.1 | No.1 | 没有剥落 |
评价例3-2 | 水性涂料No.2 | No.2 | 没有剥落 |
评价例3-3 | 水性涂料No.3 | No.3 | 没有剥落 |
评价例3-4 | 水性涂料No.4 | No.4 | 没有剥落 |
比较评价例3-1 | 水性聚酯树脂涂料 | - | 上层剥落 |
比较评价例3-2 | 比较用水性涂料 | 比较No.1 | 上层剥落 |
对于本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,由其得到的涂膜的基底密合性和涂膜物性良好,并对涂料表现出赋予足够的耐冲击性的效果。
本发明的水分散型聚氨酯组合物适合用作汽车中涂层涂料的组分。
Claims (5)
1.一种水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其由聚异氰酸酯成分(a)、多元醇成分(b)、胺成分(c)、羧基中和剂成分(d)、以及水(e)而得到,其中,所述聚异氰酸酯成分(a)是将二异氰酸酯作为必要成分,将其它的聚异氰酸酯化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述多元醇成分(b)是将平均分子量为500~5000的聚碳酸酯二元醇和含有羧基的二元醇作为必要成分,将其它的多元醇化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述胺成分(c)是将单胺化合物作为必要成分,将二胺化合物作为可选成分而得到的;所述羧基中和剂成分(d)是与羧基进行反应而形成亲水性盐的碱性化合物;
相对于所述聚异氰酸酯成分(a)中的异氰酸酯基1摩尔,所述多元醇成分(b)中的羟基和所述胺成分(c)中的氨基之和为0.50~2.0摩尔,所述多元醇成分(b)中的羟基为0.3~1.0摩尔,所述胺成分(c)中的氨基为0.1~1.0摩尔;
相对于所述多元醇成分(b)中的羧基的摩尔数1,所述羧基中和剂成分(d)的使用量为0.5~2.0倍当量;
固体成分为10~70质量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其被用于汽车用中涂层涂料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其中,胺成分(c)包含单胺化合物和二胺化合物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其中,胺成分(c)中的二胺化合物的含量是5~99摩尔%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的水分散型聚氨酯组合物,其中,胺成分(c)中的单胺化合物是烷醇胺。
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