CN1891842A - 含有梯度区的细小晶粒烧结硬质合金 - Google Patents
含有梯度区的细小晶粒烧结硬质合金 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种细小晶粒的切削刀具刀片,由硬质合金基底和涂层构成。硬质合金基底包括WC、粘结相和含有立方碳化物相的钒,其具有基本不含立方碳化物相的粘结相富集表面区。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有粘结相富集表面区的细小晶粒硬质合金,所述表面区即为所谓的梯度区。所述梯度区基本不含有可能由于添加晶粒生长抑制剂而形成的立方碳化物或碳氮化物。而且,梯度区的晶粒很细小。
背景技术
今日,含有粘结相富集表面区的涂层硬质合金刀片广泛用于钢和不锈钢材料的加工。由于粘结相富集表面区的存在,已经获得了对切削刀具材料的应用拓展。
制造含有WC、立方相(碳氮化物)和具有粘结相富集表面区的粘结相的硬质合金属于被称作梯度烧结的技术,并且在很多专利和专利申请中能够获知这种技术。根据美国专利4,277,283和4,610,931,使用含有添加剂的氮并且在真空中进行烧结,其中根据美国专利4,548,786,向气体相中添加氮。因此,在两种情况下,获得基本上不具有立方相的粘结相富集表面区。美国专利4,830,930描述了一种粘结相富集区,通过在烧结之后进行脱碳而获得富集的粘结相,因此这样获得的粘结相富集区也含有立方相。
在美国专利4,649,084中,在烧结过程中同时使用氮气以便减少过程步骤,并且提高随后沉积的氧化物涂层的粘附性。在欧洲专利EP-A-0569696中,利用Hf和/或Zr的存在来获得富含粘结相的区域。在欧洲专利EP-A-0737756中,利用出现在硬质合金中的Ti来获得相同的效果。在这些专利中,表明可以使用元素周期表中4A族元素(Ti,Zr,Hf)的立方碳化物形成剂来获得粘结相富集表面区。
从断裂力学的观点来看,在表面区域获得粘结剂金属的富集意味着硬质合金吸收变形与防止生长的裂纹扩大的能力。以这种方式,与具有主要相同的成分却是结构相似的材料相比,通过允许更大的变形或者通过防止裂纹生长而获得材料抵抗断裂的改进能力。因此,切削材料表现出更强韧的性质。
在对韧性和耐磨性有很高要求的应用中,具有亚微型结构的硬质合金刀片在今日主要用于加工钢材、不锈钢和耐热合金。为了保持烧结过程中的晶粒尺寸,这种硬质合金通常含有晶粒生长抑制剂。普通的晶粒生长抑制剂包括钒、铬、钽、铌和/或钛或者是包括这些元素的化合物。使用钒和/或铬获得最强的抑制剂。当通常添加碳化物形式的抑制剂时,它们限制晶粒在烧结过程中的生长,但是也具有不希望的负面效果。析出不想要的脆性结构成分向不利方向影响韧性习性。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种硬质合金刀片,其在应用温度下具有高韧性和高的变形抵抗能力。
附图说明
图1示出根据实施例1的500倍放大的粘结相富集表面区的结构;
图2示出根据实施例2的100倍放大的粘结相富集表面区的结构;
图3示出利用EPMA(电子探针显微分析技术)从实施例2获得的表面区中元素分布;
图4示出根据实施例3的1000倍放大的粘结相富集表面区的结构;
图5示出根据实施例4的1000倍放大的粘结相富集表面区的结构。
具体实施方式
本发明人已经惊喜地首次获得具有细小晶粒的表面区的细小晶粒硬质合金,该表面区基本没有立方碳化物相,尽管在烧结后的表面区没有出现作为析出物的晶粒生长抑制剂。通过将遍及刀片的WC晶粒的细小晶粒尺寸(<1.5μm)与粘结相富集表面区相结合,而获得上述硬质合金。钒的作用是防止WC晶粒的晶粒生长并且作为梯度形成剂。
本发明涉及细小晶粒的硬质合金,其包括以碳化钨WC为基础的第一相,其平均晶粒尺寸小于1.5μm,优选小于1.0μm,更优选的是小于0.6μm,以及以Co和/或Ni为基础的金属粘结相,并且最后至少一个添加相包括至少一种含有钒的碳氮化物或混和碳氮化物。硬质合金具有厚度<100μm、优选<60μm、最优选为10-35μm的粘结相富集表面区,所述表面区基本不含立方碳化物相。粘结相富集表面区的粘结相含量最大为标称粘结相含量的1.2-3倍。在梯度区的表面附近以及在硬质合金的中心,WC具有的平均晶粒尺寸小于1.5μm。硬质合金的成分为:3-20wt-%(重量百分比)的Co、优选为4-15wt-%的Co、最优选为5-13wt-%的Co,0.1-20wt-%的V、优选为0.2-10wt-%的V、最优选为1-10wt-%的V,以及余量的WC,其为70-95wt%、优选为80-90wt%。可以由Ti自己或由Ti与能够在立方相中溶解的其它元素的化合物来代替高达95wt%、优选高达80wt%的一部分V,所述其它元素例如为Ta、Nb、Zr和Hf。V和能够在立方相中溶解的其它元素的总量为1-20wt%,优选为2-10wt%。这种结构中没有自由石墨。根据本发明的硬质合金刀片优选利用CVD、MTCVD或者PVD技术或者CVD与MTCVD的组合而被涂覆有薄的耐磨涂层。优选地,沉积有优选为钛的碳化物、氮化物和/或碳氮化物的最内部涂层,随后的涂层包括优选为钛、铬和/或铪的碳化物、氮化物和/或碳氮化物,和/或铝和/或铬的氧化物。
根据本发明的方法,利用粉末冶金方法制造硬质合金刀片,包括对形成硬质成分和粘结相的粉末混合物进行铣削、干燥、压制和烧结。在氮气氛下、部分氮气氛下或者在真空下进行烧结,以便获得理想的粘结相富集区。以VC或者(V,M)C或者(V,M)(C,N)或者(V,M,M)(C,N)的形式添加V,其中,M是能够溶解在立方碳化物中的任何金属元素。
实施例1
使用表1中给出的原材料1、2和4,用于制造成分为12wt%的Co-8、1wt%的V和余量的WC的粉末。压制和烧结出刀片。利用PN2=950毫巴和高达T=1380℃的条件进行烧结,以便对合金进行渗氮。从T=1380℃并且高达T=1410℃的烧结温度,在真空下进行烧结。烧结刀片的氮含量为0.35wt%N。
表1原材料
原材料,编号 | 原材料 | 供应方 | 晶粒尺寸,FSSS,μm |
1 | VC | H.C.Starck | 1.2-1.8 |
2 | WC | H.C.Starck(DS150) | 1.45-1.55 |
3 | TiC | H.C.Starck | 1.2-1.8 |
4 | Co | OMG,超细颗粒 | 1.3-1.6 |
5 | TiC0.5N0.5 | H.C.Starck | 1.3-1.6 |
切削刀片在其间隙面和前刀面的下方含有75μm厚的粘结相富集表面区的结果,该表面区基本没有立方碳化物相,并且靠近表面的刃部,具有显著减小的梯度厚度,见图1。WC的晶粒尺寸大概为0.9μm。
实施例2
使用与实施例1中的刀片相同的粉末进行压制和烧结。使用相同的过程进行烧结,然而在整个烧结循环过程中保持PN2=950毫巴。
在间隙面和前刀面的下方具有包括50μm厚的梯度粘结相富集区域的表面区的结构,靠近表面的刃部具有显著减小的梯度厚度,见图2。烧结刀片的氮含量为0.35wt%。利用利用EPMA(电子探针显微分析技术)确定元素的分布,见图3。注意,表面区基本不含V。WC的晶粒尺寸大概为0.9μm。
实施例3
使用表1中的原材料1、2、3、4来制造具有这种成分的粉末:13wt%的Co、3.47wt%的V、3.27wt%的Ti和余量的WC。
按照实施例1的条件进行烧结,在间隙面和前刀面下方的表面结构为55μm厚的粘结相表面区,并且靠近表面的刃部具有显著减小的梯度厚度,见图4。烧结刀片的氮含量为0.45wt%。WC的晶粒尺寸大概为0.9μm。
实施例4
使用表1中的原材料1、2、3、4和5来制造具有这种成分的粉末:13wt%的Co、3.47wt%的V、3.27wt%的Ti、0.013wt%的N和余量的WC。为了制造具有良好限定的烧结氮含量以及薄的梯度区的刀片,向粉末混合物中加入表1中的5号材料TiC0.5N0.5形式的氮。
在T=1410℃的真空下进行烧结1小时,获得间隙面和前刀面下方12μm厚的粘结相区域,以及靠近表面的刃部的显著减小的梯度厚度,见图5。WC的晶粒尺寸大概为0.9μm。
Claims (10)
1.一种涂层切削刀具刀片,由硬质合金基底和涂层构成,所述基底包括WC粘结相和具有粘结相富集表面区的立方碳化物相,其中所述粘结相富集表面区不含有立方碳化物相,
其特征在于,基底包括3-20wt%的钴、0.1-20wt%的钒,以及70-95wt%的余量WC,其中,钒和来自元素周期表4a和5a族的其它立方碳化物形成剂的总含量为1-20wt%,WC晶粒的平均尺寸<1.5μm,在基底结构中没有自由的石墨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,所述基底包括4-15wt%的钴。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,所述基底包括0.2-10wt%的钒。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,钒和来自元素周期表4a和5a族的其它立方碳化物形成剂的总含量为2-10wt%。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,烧结晶粒的尺寸<1.0μm。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,所述基底包括0.2-6wt%的钛。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,钒和钛的总含量为2-10wt%。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,粘结相富集表面区的深度小于100μm。
9.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,粘结相富集表面区的深度小于60μm。
10.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的涂层切削刀具刀片,其特征在于,粘结相富集表面区的粘结相含量最大为标称粘结相含量的1.2-3倍。
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SE05014899 | 2005-06-27 | ||
SE0501489A SE529590C2 (sv) | 2005-06-27 | 2005-06-27 | Finkorniga sintrade hårdmetaller innehållande en gradientzon |
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CN2006800007964A Expired - Fee Related CN101018879B (zh) | 2005-06-27 | 2006-06-27 | 包括硬质合金基体和涂层的涂覆切削工具刀片及其制造方法 |
CN200610094155A Expired - Fee Related CN100575524C (zh) | 2005-06-27 | 2006-06-27 | 含有梯度区的细小晶粒烧结硬质合金 |
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US (2) | US7588833B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1739198A1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4842962B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR20070000358A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101018879B (zh) |
SE (1) | SE529590C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007001226A1 (zh) |
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- 2006-06-20 EP EP06445052A patent/EP1739198A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-26 KR KR1020060057624A patent/KR20070000358A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-06-26 US US11/474,491 patent/US7588833B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-27 CN CN2006800007964A patent/CN101018879B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-27 EP EP06757997.9A patent/EP1904660B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Cited By (10)
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CN102209598A (zh) * | 2008-11-10 | 2011-10-05 | 山高刀具公司 | 制造切削刀具的方法 |
CN103429372A (zh) * | 2011-03-15 | 2013-12-04 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | 可转位切削工具 |
CN103429372B (zh) * | 2011-03-15 | 2015-09-30 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | 可转位切削工具 |
CN102191421A (zh) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-09-21 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | 梯度结构的超细硬质合金及其制备工艺 |
CN102191421B (zh) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-07 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | 梯度结构的超细硬质合金及其制备工艺 |
CN107530774A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-01-02 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 切削刀具 |
CN109863257A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-06-07 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 机械加工Ti、Ti合金和Ni基合金的方法 |
CN109863257B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-06-22 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 机械加工Ti、Ti合金和Ni基合金的方法 |
US11141829B2 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2021-10-12 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Method of machining Ti, Ti-alloys and Ni-based alloys |
CN113182524A (zh) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-30 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | 一种钛基金属陶瓷及其制造方法和切削刀具 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1904660B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
US7588833B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
SE0501489L (sv) | 2006-12-28 |
EP1904660A4 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
CN101018879B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
EP1739198A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
WO2007001226A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JP2007007850A (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
CN100575524C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
SE529590C2 (sv) | 2007-09-25 |
US20070009764A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
KR101353651B1 (ko) | 2014-01-20 |
KR20070000358A (ko) | 2007-01-02 |
EP1904660A1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
JP2008522027A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
JP4842962B2 (ja) | 2011-12-21 |
CN101018879A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
KR20080019571A (ko) | 2008-03-04 |
US20090011267A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
US7794830B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
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