WO2002092866A2 - Mit einer diamantschicht überzogener verbundwirkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Mit einer diamantschicht überzogener verbundwirkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002092866A2 WO2002092866A2 PCT/DE2002/001710 DE0201710W WO02092866A2 WO 2002092866 A2 WO2002092866 A2 WO 2002092866A2 DE 0201710 W DE0201710 W DE 0201710W WO 02092866 A2 WO02092866 A2 WO 02092866A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hard metal
- sintered
- composite material
- cr3c2
- content
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0209—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating
- C23C16/0218—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating in a reactive atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
- C23C16/27—Diamond only
- C23C16/271—Diamond only using hot filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composite material consisting of a hard metal or cermet substrate body which is coated with at least one diamond layer.
- Such composites are used in particular as cutting tools and as components.
- Hard metals are generally understood to be alloys that consist of one or more hard materials and one or more binding metals.
- Carbides of the IVa to Vla group of the periodic table are particularly suitable as hard materials, with WC always being present and forming the predominant part.
- Binding metals are iron, cobalt and nickel, preferably cobalt, which represent a 2 to 25 mass% proportion in the hard metal in the alloy.
- Cermets are hard metals containing high titanium carbonitride, in which the hard material phase consists exclusively of carbonitrides of the elements of the IVa to Vla group of the periodic table.
- WC-Co-Hart metals additives such as TaC and / or NbC in small proportions up to 3 masses! can serve to improve the high temperature properties and the fracture toughness of the composites.
- Additions in the form of VC and / or Cr3C2 are added in fine-grained (WC ⁇ 1 ⁇ m) hard metals as so-called grain growth inhibitors up to 10% by mass based on the binder metal content.
- powdered starting materials hard materials and binding metals
- pressed into a so-called green compact which is then sintered and aftertreated by hot isostatic pressing if necessary to achieve the desired density.
- the adjustment of the C content is of crucial importance in hard metals.
- the sintered structure should have neither an ⁇ phase nor free carbon (C porosity).
- the C content of the hard metal or cermet substrate body is between 89% and 99%, preferably between 94% and 99%, of the maximum possible C content at which no C porosity occurs.
- Cobalt is one of the so-called ferromagnetics, so that magnetizing a hard metal leads to an increase in magnetic induction (magnetic flux density) up to a maximum value, which is referred to as magnetic saturation.
- Magnetic saturation is determined both by the magnetophysical properties that characterize the ferromagnetic cobalt-rich mixed crystal of the binding phase and by the volume of the ferromagnetic.
- the degree of carbon of the hard metal alloy has a significant influence on the magnetic saturation polarization.
- the carbon content is balanced in a monotungsten carbide at a stoichiometric content of 6.13% carbon.
- the atomic ratio W: C is less than 1, carbon separates in the form of graphite and if the atomic ratio W: C is significantly higher than 1, the so-called ⁇ phase.
- undercooling i.e. If there is an excess of tungsten, tungsten dissolves in cobalt, a double carbide phase Co3W3C of the ⁇ phase being formed from a certain degree of undercarburization. This cobalt bond reduces the ferromagnetic content, which is associated with a lower magnetic saturation.
- Cr3C2 additives also lower the saturation polarization, since up to 10 mass% Cr3C2 can go into solution in the co-binder phase.
- the grain size of the carbide particles, especially the tungsten carbides, is also decisive for the hardness of the sintered hard metal body that can be achieved.
- dopants for inhibiting grain growth such as eg VC, Cr3C2 and / or (Ta, Nb) C added to the starting mixtures.
- VC is most effective in inhibiting growth and also increases the hardness of the hard metal body.
- Cr3C2 doping results in a uniform structure with good fracture toughness, which can also be improved by TaC and / or NbC doping.
- the adhesion of the slide coating can be significantly improved if the C content of the hard metal is limited to 89% to 99%, preferably 94% to 99%, of the maximum C content (Cmax) at which C porosity occurs .
- Cmax the maximum C content
- the hard metal substrate body preferably has a composition with 2 to 10 mass%, preferably 3 to 7 masses Co as binding metal and up to 3 masses! TaC and / or NbC and, based on the binder metal content, up to 10 masses! VC and / or Cr3C2, rest WC.
- the carbon content in the powder mixture batch can be set correspondingly high in order to produce sufficient saturation.
- the gas atmosphere used during the hard metal sintering process Temperature the pressure and also the furnace components exposed to the sintering temperatures, for example graphite heating elements, also have an influence on the sintered product
- the method described in claim 3 is preferably used, according to which the powdery starting materials are ground, granulated, pressed to form a green body and the green body is then subsequently sintered and, if necessary, the finished • sintered body is treated before the diamond coating.
- the green body is preferably heated up at a temperature of 800 ° C to 1100 ° C, in particular 900 ° C in an atmosphere of H2 with up to 1 vol.! CH4 is subjected to a heat treatment under a pressure of 1 bar or in an atmosphere of Ar with at least 0.1% by volume of CH4 under a pressure> 1 bar, by means of which the lack of C saturation set in the starting powder mixture is made up by carburization.
- This carburization before sintering can take place during the heating phase to the sintering temperature.
- the finished sintered body which has an insufficient carbon content, at a temperature between 1000 ° C. and 1350 ° C. in a gas atmosphere containing up to 1% by volume of CH4 for carburizing the layers near the surface to be treated in a penetration depth of 200 to 500 ⁇ m.
- This aftertreatment can also be carried out in a CVD coating system in situ before the diamond deposition.
- etching and CVD diamond coating processes can be used. These methods are known in the prior art.
- the substrates can be covered with fine diamond nuclei to increase the nucleus density.
- a first pretreatment step by moderate blasting with abrasives can also be useful. This step is used to roughen the surface, remove harmful products from upstream processes and / or round the cutting edge. Customized cleaning steps are usually necessary before each of the pretreatment steps. Pretreatment processes that introduce foreign elements into the surface zones or with which intermediate layers are applied are less common, but possible.
- a powdery starting mixture (grain size of the starting powder approx. 0.7 ⁇ m) is used.
- the ingredients 93.07% WC, 0.20% VC, 0.53 Cr3C2 and 6.20% Co are ground together, granulated, pressed into a green body and then sintered.
- the sintering process was designed in such a way that a holding time of 2 hours and a gas atmosphere of H2 with 0.5 vol.CH4 at a pressure of 1000 mbar were interposed during the vacuum heating phase at 850 ° C ,
- the hard metal sintered body thus obtained has a magnetic saturation polarization of 97% of the maximum value.
- the sintering process was designed in such a way that during the vacuum heating phase, after reaching a temperature of 950 ° C, the temperature is reduced again to 850 ° C under an argon gas pressure of 900 mbar. This is followed by a standing time of 2.5 hours at 850 ° C under a gas atmosphere of H2 with 0.5 vol.! CH4 at a pressure of 1000 mbar. The sintering cycle is then completed under vacuum.
- the hard metal sintered body thus obtained has a magnetic saturation polarization of 97.5! of the maximum value.
- Filament plant becomes a gas atmosphere from 1 vol. CH4 and 99 vol .-% H2 and the following coating parameters:
- the layer obtained with this coating had a thickness of approximately 6 ⁇ m.
- sintered, ground or non-ground hard metal bodies with the composition 91.75% WC, 0.94% TaC, 0.62% NbC, 0.14% VC and 6.55! Co whose carbon content at 85! the maximum C content and thus below the range of 89% to 99%, preferably 94% to 99%, which is advantageous for the adhesion of a diamond layer, ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, etched in a 25% nitric acid at room temperature for 10 minutes, Germinated for 30 minutes in ultrasound in ethanol with 6 g / 1 diamond powder with an average grain size of 5 ⁇ m, cleaned for 30 minutes in ultrasound and transferred to the hot filament coating system.
- the hard metal bodies are treated for one hour at 1100 ° C in a gas atmosphere made of H2 with 0.5 vol% CH4 at a total pressure of 1000 mbar.
- the substrate temperature is lowered to 850 ° C and the process is carried out exactly as it was previously described.
- the layer obtained in this example had a thickness of approximately 6 ⁇ m.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/477,981 US20040141867A1 (en) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-05-13 | Composite material and method for production thereof |
EP02740345A EP1390566A2 (de) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-05-13 | Mit einer diamantschicht überzogener verbundwerkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
JP2002589729A JP2004529270A (ja) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-05-13 | 複合材料及びその製造方法 |
HU0302074A HUP0302074A2 (hu) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-05-13 | Kompozit anyag és eljárás annak elżállítására |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10124051 | 2001-05-16 | ||
DE10124051.1 | 2001-05-16 | ||
DE10130590.7 | 2001-06-27 | ||
DE10130590A DE10130590B4 (de) | 2001-05-16 | 2001-06-27 | Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002092866A2 true WO2002092866A2 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
WO2002092866A3 WO2002092866A3 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
Family
ID=26009321
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2002/001710 WO2002092866A2 (de) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-05-13 | Mit einer diamantschicht überzogener verbundwirkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040141867A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1390566A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004529270A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1296518C (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0302074A2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002092866A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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EP1649955A1 (de) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-04-26 | A.L.M.T. Corp. | Mit diamantfilm überzogenes werkzeug und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
WO2007048154A1 (de) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Hartmetall für schneidplatten von kurbelwellenfräsern |
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SE529590C2 (sv) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-09-25 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Finkorniga sintrade hårdmetaller innehållande en gradientzon |
CA2685668A1 (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-05-24 | Smith International, Inc. | A cutting element and a method of manufacturing a cutting element |
US8069937B2 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2011-12-06 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond compact including a cemented tungsten carbide substrate that is substantially free of tungsten carbide grains exhibiting abnormal grain growth and applications therefor |
US8216677B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2012-07-10 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Polycrystalline diamond compacts, methods of making same, and applications therefor |
US8439896B2 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2013-05-14 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Device, system, and method for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory medicaments to a mammalian subject |
US8888761B2 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2014-11-18 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Device, system, and method for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory medicaments to a mammalian subject |
US8894630B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2014-11-25 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Device, system, and method for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory medicaments to a mammalian subject |
JP5282911B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2013-09-04 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ダイヤモンド被覆切削工具 |
GB201105150D0 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2011-05-11 | Element Six Holding Gmbh | Cemented carbide material and tools comprising same |
US20140144712A1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-05-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Eruption control in thermally stable pcd products by the addition of transition metal carbide |
CN104002537B (zh) * | 2013-02-25 | 2018-02-27 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 提高了刀尖强度的金刚石包覆硬质合金制切削工具 |
JP6330999B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-03 | 2018-05-30 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ダイヤモンド被覆超硬合金製切削工具 |
CN105216021A (zh) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-01-06 | 厦门金鹭特种合金有限公司 | 一种复合材料加工用金刚石涂层刀具及其制备方法 |
CN104630530B (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2017-01-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种梯度结构Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备方法 |
CN106756171B (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-09-11 | 单麒铭 | 一种WC-Co硬质合金碳量修正的制备方法 |
CN106623912B (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-09-24 | 单麒铭 | 一种WC-Co硬质合金油田喷嘴的制备方法 |
GB201711417D0 (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-08-30 | Element Six (Uk) Ltd | Polycrystalline diamond composite compact elements and methods of making and using same |
CN108486465A (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-09-04 | 苏州欧美克合金工具有限公司 | 一种加工铣刀的不锈钢316l材质配方 |
CN109161821A (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-08 | 北京金物科技发展有限公司 | 一种渗碳轴承钢及其制备方法 |
JP7216916B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-02-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ダイヤモンド被覆超硬合金製工具 |
JP7216915B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-02-02 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ダイヤモンド被覆超硬合金製工具 |
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-
2002
- 2002-05-13 HU HU0302074A patent/HUP0302074A2/hu unknown
- 2002-05-13 WO PCT/DE2002/001710 patent/WO2002092866A2/de active Application Filing
- 2002-05-13 JP JP2002589729A patent/JP2004529270A/ja active Pending
- 2002-05-13 US US10/477,981 patent/US20040141867A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-13 CN CNB028016912A patent/CN1296518C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-13 EP EP02740345A patent/EP1390566A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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EP0279898B1 (de) | 1987-02-27 | 1991-08-14 | Ernst Winter & Sohn (GmbH & Co.) | Verfahren zum Auftragen einer Verschleissschutzschicht und danach hergestelltes Ezeugnis |
US5139372A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1992-08-18 | Sumotomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Polycrystalline diamond tool and method for producing the polycrystalline diamond tool |
EP0752293A2 (de) | 1995-07-05 | 1997-01-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | Diamantbeschichteter Gegenstand und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US5716170A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1998-02-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Diamond coated cutting member and method of making the same |
DE19914585C1 (de) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-09-14 | Cemecon Ceramic Metal Coatings | Diamantbeschichtetes Werkzeug und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1390566A2 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1649955A1 (de) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-04-26 | A.L.M.T. Corp. | Mit diamantfilm überzogenes werkzeug und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
EP1649955A4 (de) * | 2003-07-31 | 2009-10-21 | Almt Corp | Mit diamantfilm überzogenes werkzeug und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
US7883775B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2011-02-08 | A.L.M.T. Corp. | Diamond film coated tool and process for producing the same |
WO2007048154A1 (de) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Boehlerit Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Hartmetall für schneidplatten von kurbelwellenfräsern |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1463303A (zh) | 2003-12-24 |
JP2004529270A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
WO2002092866A3 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
EP1390566A2 (de) | 2004-02-25 |
HUP0302074A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
CN1296518C (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
US20040141867A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
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