CN1738852A - 抗微生物涂层聚合物薄膜 - Google Patents
抗微生物涂层聚合物薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1738852A CN1738852A CNA2004800023239A CN200480002323A CN1738852A CN 1738852 A CN1738852 A CN 1738852A CN A2004800023239 A CNA2004800023239 A CN A2004800023239A CN 200480002323 A CN200480002323 A CN 200480002323A CN 1738852 A CN1738852 A CN 1738852A
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- antimicrobial
- coating
- metal
- polymeric
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,它包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层和在其一个表面上的厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm的涂层,所述涂层包括按涂层重量计约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其特征在于(i)当自身进行热封时,所述涂层提供100g/in到2500g/in的热封强度和/或(ii)所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天以及氧气渗透率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
Description
本申请涉及抗微生物聚合物薄膜,特别是聚酯薄膜。
具有抗微生物性能的聚合物薄膜的制备是公知的。此类薄膜可用于在如医用和餐饮服务环境提供抗微生物表面。使用抗微生物剂赋予抗微生物性能。此类薄膜的制备通常包括将抗微生物剂分散在聚合物基体中或布置在一个或多个表面上作为涂层。人们希望的是抗微生物剂应对各种微生物具有广谱活性,并且对于高等生物体具有低毒性。长久以来已经公知金属离子,特别是银离子,显示出抗真菌、抗细菌和抗藻类活性(以下称为抗微生物活性)。最近,已经提出使用一种承载在磷酸锆上的抗微生物金属离子,例如公开在US-5441717、JP-A-3/83905和US-5296238中。US-5556699公开了在共挤塑或层合薄膜中使用沸石抗细菌剂,以用于包装食品和医疗器械,所述薄膜包括,尤其是,PVC、聚烯烃、聚酯和/或聚乙烯醇层。US-5639466公开了一种包装薄膜,其包括由(a)5-40%丙交酯或乳酸低聚物,(b)0-20%有机增塑剂,和(c)60-95%乳酸聚合物或共聚物的抗细菌组合物,其在聚合物基底上涂覆成至少5μm厚的层。EP-A-0846418公开了抗细菌薄膜,其包括无机和/或有机抗微生物剂以及亲水性物质,其适用于食品包装。
抗微生物剂比较昂贵,消费者通常必须在抗微生物功效和成本之间加以权衡。有必要提供对于给定的抗微生物功效而言更加经济的抗微生物薄膜,或对于付出的成本而言具有更大抗微生物功效的抗微生物薄膜。另外,现有的抗微生物薄膜通常不显示足以满足包装应用如食品包装应用的对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性能,并且也不是现有的可封装薄膜(如热封)。另外,相对于没有抗微生物剂的薄膜,现有的抗微生物薄膜通常不显示良好的光学性能,如低雾度和高光泽度。本发明的一个目的是提供一种解决一个或多个上述问题的抗微生物薄膜。
根据本发明,提供了一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,它包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层和在其一个表面上的厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm的聚合物涂层,所述涂层包括按涂层重量计其量为约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其特征在于(i)当自身进行热封时,所述涂层提供100g/in到2500g/in的热封强度和/或(ii)所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天以及氧气渗透率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
本发明人们已意外地发现,对于一定量的抗微生物剂,相对较薄的涂层能够比较厚的涂层提供更大的抗微生物活性。超过一定界限的涂层厚度,在涂层中增加抗微生物剂的量并不能使抗微生物功效相应按比例增大。而且,如果涂层厚度保持在某个界限以下,该界限值可能与抗微生物剂的粒径有关,那么可以使用更少量的具有较小粒径的抗微生物剂,而无损于抗微生物活性。此外,所用抗微生物剂量的减小使涂膜的雾度相应减小。
作为本发明使用的术语“抗微生物”表示在菌群中的杀微生物活性或微生物生长抑制性。在一个实施方案中,所述微生物选自黑曲霉、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。在一个实施方案中,术语“抗微生物”表示相对于对照物而言在菌群生长方面,对数减少大于1,优选对数减少大于2,优选对数减少大于3,更优选对数减少大于4。
抗微生物剂可以是无机或有机化合物或其混合物。
本发明使用的术语“无机抗微生物剂”是对具有抗微生物性能的含有诸如银、锌、铜等金属或金属离子的无机化合物的通称。无机抗微生物剂可以是液体或固体并且优选是固体。含金属的物质可以承载在无机物质上,无机物质如二氧化硅或类似的金属氧化物、沸石、合成沸石、磷酸锆、磷酸钙、磷酸锌钙、陶瓷、水玻璃粉末、氧化铝硅氧烷、钛沸石、磷灰石、碳酸钙等。
本发明使用的术语“有机抗微生物剂”是对均具有抗微生物性能并且通常含有氮、硫、磷或类似元素的天然提取物、低分子有机化合物和高分子化合物的通称。有用的天然抗微生物剂的实例是壳多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖、山嵛菜提取物、芥菜提取物、扁柏酚、茶提取物等。有用的低分子有机化合物的实例是异硫氰酸烯丙酯、聚氧化烯三烷基铵、苯扎氯铵、1,6-亚己基双胍盐酸盐和类似的季铵盐、有机硅季铵盐、苯基酰胺、缩二胍、四烷基鏻盐。低分子有机抗微生物剂中,鏻盐化合物显示高抗微生物活性。有用的鏻盐化合物的实例是鏻的无机和有机酸盐,例如三-正丁基癸基鏻、三-正丁基十八烷基鏻、三-正丁基十六烷基鏻、三-正丁基十四烷基鏻、三-正丁基十二烷基鏻、三-正丁基癸基鏻或三-正丁基十八烷基鏻的氟化物、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、磺基间苯二甲酸盐、磺基对苯二酸盐、4-磺基萘-2,7-二羧酸盐和类似的磺酸盐,其中优选三-正丁基十六烷基鏻盐、三-正丁基十四烷基鏻盐和三-正丁基十二烷基鏻盐。具有抗微生物性能的高分子化合物包括那些具有连接至直链或支化聚合物链的铵盐基团、鏻盐基团、锍盐基团或类似的鎓盐基团、苯基酰胺基团、缩二胍基团的化合物,例如含鏻盐乙烯基聚合物,正如本领域已知的。其它含鏻盐基团的高分子化合物的实例包括含有二羧酸组分、二醇组分和其量为1到50mol%含磺酸基团的芳族二羧酸的鏻盐作为主要组分的聚酯共聚物。
典型的抗微生物剂包括但不限于邻苯二甲酰亚胺,乙酰胺,邻苯二甲腈,苯甲酸和其包括羟基苯甲酸酯在内的衍生物,异噻唑啉酮,硝基丙烷二醇,氨基甲酸酯,甲脲,苯并咪唑,水杨酰苯胺,基于三氯生的抗微生物剂,苯菌灵,山梨酸和其衍生物,壳多糖和脱乙酰壳多糖及其衍生物,产生二氧化氯的粉末体系,乙酸亚汞(mercury acetates),有机锌化合物,诸如银、铜和锌之类的金属,以及此类金属的离子。
液体抗微生物剂包括二溴氰基乙酰胺(如由Drew Industrial Division ofAshland Chemicals,Boonton,N.J.,USA生产的Amerstat.RTM.300)。固体抗微生物剂包括2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇(如由Angus Chemical Co.,BuffaloGrove,Illinois,USA生产的Canguard RTM 409)和3,5-二甲基四氢-1,3,5-2H-噻嗪-2-硫酮(如由Creanova,Inc.,Piscataway,N.J.,USA生产的Nuosept RTMS或由Troy Chemical Corp.,West Hanover,N.J.,USA生产的Troysan RTM 142)。其它固体抗微生物剂包括N-(三氯甲基)-硫代邻苯二甲酰亚胺(如由Creanova,Inc.生产的Fungitrol RTM 11)、丁基-对-羟基-苯甲酸酯(如由International SourcingInc.,Upper Saddle River,N.J.,USA生产的Butyl Parabens RTM)、二碘甲基-对-甲苯基砜(如由Angus Chemical Co.生产的Amical RTM WP)和四氯间苯二腈(如由Creanova,Inc.生产的Nuocide RTM 960)。
对于含金属的抗微生物剂,特别优选含银抗微生物剂。抗微生物用银的来源包括金属银、银盐和含银的有机化合物。银盐包括碳酸银、硫酸银、硝酸银、乙酸银、苯甲酸银、氯化银、氟化银、碘酸银、碘化银、乳酸银、硝酸银、氧化银和磷酸银。含银的有机化合物可以包括例如乙酰丙酮酸银、新癸酸银和乙二胺四乙酸银。
含银沸石类(例如AJ10D,含有2.5%银Ag(I),由AgION.TM.Tech.L.L.C.,Wakefield,Mass.,USA制造)具有特殊的应用。沸石类是有用的,因为当其被引入聚合物基质中时,它们可以以一定速率和浓度提供银离子,这样的速率和浓度可以有效地杀死和抑制微生物而不伤害高等生物体。
在优选的实施方案中,抗微生物化合物选自US-5441717或US-5296238公开的那些化合物。优选,抗微生物化合物具有式(I):
M1 aHbAcM2 2(PO4)3·nH2O (I)
其中
M1是至少一种选自银、铜、锌、锡、汞、铅、铁、钴、镍、锰、砷、锑、铋、钡、镉和铬的金属离子;
A是至少一种选自碱金属或碱土金属离子的离子;
M2是四价金属离子;
a和b是正数以及c是0或正数,使得(ka+b+mc)=1;
k是金属M1的化合价;
m是金属A的化合价;以及
0≤n≤6。
优选,M1是银并且抗微生物化合物具有式(II):
AgaHbAcM2(PO4)3·nH2O (II)
其中
A是至少一种选自碱金属或碱土金属离子的离子;
M是四价金属离子;
a、b和c是正数,使得(a+b+mc)=1;
m是金属A的化合价;以及
0≤n≤6。
式(I)的抗微生物化合物可以根据US-5441717或US-5296238中记述的方法制备。抗微生物银离子承载在磷酸锆上。金属A优选选自锂、钠、钾、镁和钙,并且优选是钠。金属M优选选自锆、钛和锡,优选选自锆和钛,并且优选是锆。
参数“a”的值优选至少是0.001,更优选至少0.01,以及优选为0.01到0.5,更优选0.1到0.5,更优选0.10到0.30。在一个实施方案中,参数“a”的值为0.4到0.5或0.15到0.25,优选0.4到0.5。
参数“b”的值优选至少是0.2,更优选0.2到0.7,更优选0.2到0.60。在一个实施方案中,参数“b”的值为0.2到0.3。
在一个实施方案中,抗微生物化合物选自Ag0.18Na0.57H0.25Zr2(PO4)3和Ag0.46Na0.29H0.25Zr2(PO4)3。
无机抗菌剂的其它具体实例是Novaron(Toagosei Co.,Ltd.的产品)、Bactekiller(Kanebo Kasei Co.,Ltd.)、抗微生物球形陶瓷S1,S2,S5的微粒(Adomatex Co.,Ltd.)、Horonkiller(Nikko Co.,Ltd.)、Zeomic(Sinagawa Fuel Co.,Ltd.)、Amenitop(Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd.)、Ionpure(Ishizuka Glass Co.Ltd.)和类似的银系抗菌剂、Z-Nouve(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.)和类似的锌系抗菌剂、P-25(Nippon Aerosil Co.,Ltd.)、ST-135(Ishihara Sangyo Co.,Ltd.)和类似的二氧化钛微粒及其溶胶-凝胶材料。有用的复合材料颗粒包括例如涂有二氧化硅的二氧化钛微粒,GYT(Goyoshiko Co.,Ltd.的产品)。
聚合物基底层是一种自支承薄膜或片材,即在没有底基的情况下,薄膜或片材能够独立存在。基底可以由任何合适的成膜聚合物形成,包括聚烯烃(如聚乙烯和聚丙烯)、聚酰胺(包括尼龙)、PVC和聚酯在内。聚合物基底可以是取向的,例如取向的聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),或者可以是无定形的,如以下所详细讨论的。在优选的实施方案中,基底是聚酯,以及特别是一种合成线型聚酯。
优选的合成线型聚酯基底可以通过将一种或多种二羧酸或其低级烷基(至多6个碳原子)二酯(任选与一元羧酸,如新戊酸)与一种或多种二元醇、特别是脂肪族或环脂族二醇经缩合得到,所述二羧酸或其低级烷基二酯例如对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、2,5-、2,6-或2,7-萘二甲酸、琥珀酸、癸二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、4,4’-二苯基二羧酸、六氢-对苯二甲酸或1,2-二-对-羧基苯氧基乙烷,所述二醇例如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇。芳族二羧酸是优选的。脂肪族二醇是优选的。也可以使用含有衍生自羟基羧酸单体之单元的聚酯或共聚酯,例如ω-羟基链烷酸(通常C3-C12)诸如羟基丙酸、羟基丁酸、对羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸或2-羟基萘-6-羧酸。
在优选的实施方案中,聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是特别优选的。
基底可以包括一个或多个上述成膜材料的非连续层。各个层的聚合物材料可以相同或不同。例如,基底可以包括一个、两个、三个、四个或五个或更多层,典型的多层结构可以是AB、ABA、ABC、ABAB、ABABA或ABCBA类型。优选基底仅包括一层。
在一个实施方案中,基底是一种双层基底,其中一个层(即该层远离涂有抗微生物组合物的表面)是热封层。热封层在本领域中是公知的,包括诸如聚酯、EVA或改性聚乙烯之类的聚合材料。在一个实施方案中,热封层包括线型聚酯树脂,特别是一种衍生自前述一种或多种二羧酸和一种或多种二醇的共聚酯树脂。
基底的形成可以用本领域中公知的传统技术实现。根据下述方法,基底的形成可方便地通过挤出实现。大体上该方法包括挤出熔融聚合物层、将挤出物骤冷以及在至少一个方向使骤冷的挤出物取向的步骤。
如上所述,基底可以是单轴取向的,但优选是双轴取向的。可以用本领域中已知的用于生产取向膜的任何方法实现取向,例如管形薄膜法或平膜法。双轴取向通过在薄膜平面的两个互相垂直方向上进行拉伸而实现,从而得到令人满意的综合机械和物理性能。
在管形薄膜法中,通过挤出热塑性聚合物管,随后将其骤冷,并再加热,然后通过内部气压膨胀,以引起横向取向,并且以引起纵向取向的速率取出,从而实现同时双轴取向。
在优选的平膜法中,形成基底的聚合物经过缝模被挤出,并在冷却流延鼓上骤冷,以确保聚合物骤冷至无定形态。然后在超过聚酯玻璃化转变温度的温度下,通过在至少一个方向上拉伸骤冷的挤出物而实现取向。可以通过首先在一个方向上,通常是纵向,即沿着薄膜拉幅机的前进方向拉伸平的、骤冷的挤出物,然后在横向上拉伸实现顺序取向。在一组旋转辊之上或在两对夹持牵引辊之间方便地实现挤出物的前进拉伸,然后在展幅设备中实现横向拉伸。或者,流延薄膜可以在双轴展幅机中,在前进方向和横向同时进行拉伸。根据聚合物的特性而确定拉伸程度,例如通常将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯拉伸,结果使得取向薄膜在拉伸方向或每个拉伸方向上的尺寸为其原始尺寸的2到5倍,更优选在拉伸方向或每个拉伸方向上的尺寸为其原始尺寸的2.5到4.5倍。拉伸通常在70到125℃的温度下进行。如果仅在一个方向上需要取向,可以使用更大的拉伸比(如高达约8倍)。没有必要在纵向和横向同等地拉伸,但是如果需要均衡的性能,这样做是优选的。
拉伸薄膜可以并且优选在超过聚酯玻璃化转变温度但低于其熔融温度的温度下,通过在约束尺寸下的热定形进行尺寸稳定,诱导聚酯结晶。实际的热定形温度和时间根据薄膜组成变化,但不应选择结果是显著降低薄膜机械性能的温度。在这些限制中,约135-250℃的热定形温度通常是合乎需要的,如GB-A-838708中记述的。
当基底包括多于一层时,基底的制备通过共挤出方便地实现,所述共挤出或者为同时经过多孔模头的独立的孔共挤出各个成膜层,其后结合仍然熔融的层,或者优选为单路共挤出,其中各个聚合物的熔融流首先在通向模头集料腔的料道内结合,其后在层流不发生混合的条件下从模孔同时挤出,由此产生多层聚合物薄膜,其可以如以上所述进行取向和热定形。多层基底的形成也可以用常规层合技术或通过流延实现,层合技术例如将预成型的第一层和预成型的第二层层合在一起,流延例如在预成型的第二层之上流延第一层。当基底包括热封层时,该热封层也可以用常规涂布技术施涂。
在一个实例中,基底是可热缩的。薄膜的收缩特性由在其制备过程中使用的拉伸比和热定形条件决定,为本领域普通技术人员所公知。通常,未经热定形的薄膜的收缩行为与薄膜在其制备过程中已经被拉伸的程度相对应。在未经热定形的情况下,已经被拉伸至很高程度的薄膜当随后暴露于热时显示出高收缩度;仅被少量拉伸的薄膜将仅显示出少量的收缩。热定形对拉伸薄膜具有提供尺寸稳定性的影响,并将薄膜“锁定”在其拉伸状态。因此,在热作用下的薄膜收缩行为取决于薄膜在其制备过程中实现拉伸操作之后,是否进行热定形以及热定形达到何种程度。通常,在热定形操作过程中经历过温度T1的薄膜,当在制备后接下来暴露于热时,在低于温度T1下基本上不显示收缩。因此,为了赋予收缩特性,基底不进行热定形或在进行拉伸之后,在相对低温下和/或使用相对短的持续时间进行部分热定形。可收缩基底可以在薄膜的一个或两个方向上显示收缩。在一个方向上的收缩度可以与在正交方向上的收缩度相同或不同。优选,当于100℃水浴中放置30秒时,收缩度为约0到约80%,优选约5到约80%,优选约10到约80%,更优选约10到60%。
基底层的合适厚度为约5至350μm,优选12到约250μm,以及特别优选约20到约75μm。
其中含有抗微生物化合物的涂料组合物可以包括任何合适的聚合物树脂,包括环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚氨酯树脂和硅氧烷在内。
在优选的实施方案中,包括抗微生物剂的涂层是一种足以提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性的涂层。在一个实施方案中,涂层足以提供0.01到10g/100英寸2/天、优选0.01到0.1g/100英寸2/天的水汽渗透速率,以及在一个实施方案中,提供0.1到1.0g/100英寸2/天的水汽渗透速率,和/或0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压、优选0.01到1cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压的氧气渗透速率,以及在一个实施方案中,提供0.1到1cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压的氧气渗透速率。合适的涂层重量为0.01到14g/m2,优选0.02到1.5g/m2。因此,可将抗微生物剂引入常规阻隔涂层,如PVDC、PCTFE、PE、PP、EVOH或PVOH。PVDC层特别适合于提供对气体和水汽的阻隔;EVOH和PVOH层特别适合于提供对气体的阻隔;而PCTFE、PE和PP层特别适合于提供对水汽的阻隔。合适的层是本领域已知的并公开于,例如,US-5328724(EVOH)、US-5151331(PVDC)、US-3959526(PVDC)、US-6004660(PVDC和PVOH)。合适的PVDC聚合物层是65到96重量%的偏二氯乙烯与4到35重量%的一种或多种共聚单体的共聚物,并且通常被称为莎纶(saran),所述共聚单体如氯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸甲酯。合适的级分含有约7wt%的甲基丙烯腈、3wt%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.3wt%的衣康酸共聚单体。
在另外的优选实施方案中,包括抗微生物剂的涂层是当自身进行热封时足以提供根据本发明所述试验方法测得的100g/in到2500g/in热封强度的密封剂涂层。优选热封强度至少为约300g/in,优选至少500g/in,优选至少750g/in。合适的涂层重量为0.5到14g/m2,优选1.0到10g/m2。合适的热封或密封剂涂层包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯(EVA)、无定形聚酯(APET)、烯烃类聚合物如聚乙烯(PE)、己内酯、酸性共聚物如乙烯甲基丙烯酸(EMAA)、离聚物如Surlyn以及苯乙烯系共聚物如苯乙烯异戌二烯苯乙烯(SIS)。合适的层是现有技术中公知的。US-4375494和US-6004660记述了无定形共聚酯密封剂层。
合适的共聚酯可以包括芳族二羧酸和脂肪族二羧酸。合适的芳族二羧酸包括对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸或2,5-、2,6-或2,7-萘二甲羧酸,以及合适的脂肪族二羧酸包括琥珀酸、癸二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、辛二酸或庚二酸。优选的芳族二羧酸是对苯二甲酸。优选的脂肪族二羧酸选自癸二酸、己二酸和壬二酸。特别优选的脂肪族二酸是癸二酸。存在于共聚酯中的芳族二羧酸的含量优选是40到80mol%,更优选45到65mol%,以及特别优选50到60mol%,基于共聚酯的二羧酸组分计。涂层的共聚酯的二醇组分优选含有2到8个、更优选2到4个碳原子。合适的二醇包括乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇。脂肪族二醇,特别是乙二醇或1,4-丁二醇是优选的。在特别优选的实施方案中,脂肪族二醇是1,4-丁二醇。优选此类共聚酯的玻璃化转变点小于10℃,更优选小于0℃,特别优选为-50℃到0℃,尤其是-50℃到-10℃,并且熔点为90℃到250℃,更优选110℃到175℃,以及特别是110℃到155℃。此类共聚酯的特别优选的实例是(i)壬二酸和对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二醇优选乙二醇所形成的共聚酯;(ii)己二酸和对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二醇优选乙二醇所形成的共聚酯;以及(iii)癸二酸和对苯二甲酸与脂肪族二醇优选丁二醇所形成的共聚酯。优选的聚合物包括玻璃化转变点(Tg)为-40℃且熔点(Tm)为117℃的癸二酸/对苯二甲酸/丁二醇的共聚酯(优选组分的相对摩尔比为45-55/55-45/100,更优选50/50/100),和Tg为-15℃且Tm为150℃的壬二酸/对苯二甲酸/乙二醇的共聚酯(优选组分的相对摩尔比为40-50/60-50/100,更优选45/55/100)。合适的EVA聚合物可以从DuPont得到,如ElvaxTM树脂。通常,这些树脂的乙酸乙烯酯含量为9%到40%,更经常为15%到30%。
在另外的实施方案中,包括抗微生物剂的涂层同时提供阻隔和热封性能,在这方面PVDC涂层是合适的。
在另一个实施方案中,热封涂层可以施加于基底的一个表面,阻隔层可以施加于基底的另一个表面。在该实施方案中可将抗微生物剂引入一个层或两个层。
可以根据常规方法将抗微生物剂加入涂料组合物。例如,抗微生物剂可以在适当搅拌下直接加入涂层载体,或者其可以预分散或预混合到合适的液体介质(如水或有机溶剂)中。在含水涂料组合物中,表面乳化剂可以用于帮助抗微生物剂分散。将预分散/预混合抗微生物剂在适当的搅拌下加入主涂料组合物,以确保均匀分布。
抗微生物化合物的存在量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%,优选约0.1到约35%,优选约0.1到约25%,优选约0.1到约15%,优选约0.1到约10%,优选约0.1到约5.0%。在一个实施方案中,特别是其中的抗微生物化合物为颗粒状,该抗微生物化合物的存在量为涂层重量的0.2到约3.0%,更优选为0.5到2.0%。在一个实施方案中,抗微生物化合物以涂层重量的至多2.0%存在。
可以将涂层在线或离线施加于基底。可以将涂层施加于已经取向的基底。但是,涂料组合物的施加优选在拉伸操作之前或在拉伸操作过程中进行。例如,涂层可以在双轴拉伸操作的两个阶段(纵向和横向)之间施加于薄膜基底。因此,薄膜基底可以首先在纵向经一系列旋转辊进行拉伸,用涂料组合物涂覆,然后在展幅机烘箱中进行横向拉伸,以及优选然后进行热定形。涂料组合物可以以水溶液或有机溶液、分散体或乳液的形式,适当地以纯物质形式,用任何合适的常规涂布技术施加于聚合物薄膜基底上,所述涂布技术如凹槽辊涂布、逆辊涂布、浸渍涂布、珠粒涂布、缝式涂布、静电喷涂、挤出涂布或熔融涂布。
在将涂料组合物沉积在基底上之前,如果需要,其暴露表面可以进行如本领域公知的化学或物理表面改性处理,以改善表面和随后施涂的涂层之间的粘接。物理表面改性处理包括火焰处理、离子轰击、电子束处理、紫外线处理和电晕放电处理。
涂层厚度为约0.01到14.0μm。在一个实施方案中,涂层厚度至多为约5μm,优选至多为约4μm,优选至多为约2μm,以及优选为约0.02到约1.5μm。在一个实施方案中,涂层厚度为0.5微米或更大。
本发明特别涉及颗粒状抗微生物剂,并且本发明人们已经发现涂层厚度与抗微生物化合物的粒径有关。因此,在优选的实施方案中,涂层厚度(单位:μm)为抗微生物颗粒体积分布平均粒径(单位:μm)的70到130%,优选80到120%,更优选90到110%,以及更优选95到105%。在一个实施方案中,涂层厚度小于抗微生物颗粒的体积分布平均粒径,优选其厚度为抗微生物颗粒体积分布平均粒径的70到99%,优选80到99%,更优选90到99%。
在优选的实施方案中,抗微生物化合物的粒径使得体积分布平均粒径为0.4到10μm,优选1.0到6.0μm,更优选为1.0到3.0μm。
聚合物基底可以方便地含有任何通常用于制备聚合物薄膜的添加剂。因此,可以视情况在基底中加入各种添加剂,例如染料、颜料、成孔剂(voidingagent)、润滑剂、抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂、UV吸收剂、阻燃剂、热稳定剂、防粘连剂、表面活性剂、增滑剂、荧光增白剂、光泽改进剂、降解助剂、粘度调节剂和分散稳定剂。特别地基底可以包括颗粒状填料。填料可以是如颗粒状无机填料或不相容的树脂填料或两种或多种此类填料的混合物。颗粒状无机填料包括金属或类金属氧化物,如氧化铝、二氧化硅(特别是沉淀二氧化硅或硅藻土和二氧化硅凝胶)和二氧化钛,煅烧瓷土和碱金属盐,如钙和钡的碳酸盐和硫酸盐。
如果使用,无机填料应精细粉碎,并且其体积分布中值粒径(与所有颗粒体积之50%相对应的、从体积%对颗粒直径的累积分布曲线上读出的当量球径,经常称为“D(v,0.5)”值)优选是0.01到5μm,更优选0.05到1.5μm,特别是0.15到1.2μm。无机填料颗粒的粒度分布也是一个重要的参数。优选的是无机填料颗粒个数的99.9%不应超过30μm,优选不应超过20μm,更优选不应超过15μm。优选无机填料颗粒体积的至少90%,更优选无机填料颗粒体积的至少95%在体积分布中值粒径±0.8μm的范围内,以及特别优选±0.5μm范围之内。填料颗粒的粒径可以通过电子显微镜、库尔特粒度仪、沉降分析法和静态或动态光散射测量。基于激光衍射的技术是优选的。中值粒径可以通过绘制表示低于所选颗粒尺寸的颗粒体积百分比的累积分布曲线并测量第50个百分位来确定。
如果应用于涂层,如AerosilTM OX50或SeahostarTM KEP30或KEP50,填料颗粒的存在量相对于涂层聚合物重量计可以是约0到约5%,更优选0.1到2.5%。
层的组合物的组分可以以常规方法彼此混合。例如,通过与得到层聚合物的单体反应物混合,或者组分可以通过桶混或干混或通过在挤出机中配混,然后冷却并通常粉碎成粒料或碎片而与聚合物混合。也可以使用母料技术。
优选薄膜根据标准ASTM D 1003测量的散射可见光%(雾度)<15%,优选<12%,优选<9%,优选<6%,更优选<3.5%以及特别优选<2%。在该实施方案中,基底层是未填充的或填料通常仅以少量存在,通常不超过基底聚合物重量的0.5%,并且优选小于0.2%。
薄膜的60°光泽度值(如本发明所述测量)优选为至少70,更优选至少80,以及更优选至少85。
在本发明的第一个优选实施方案中,提供了一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,它包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层以及在其一个表面上厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm的聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包括其量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其特征在于当自身进行热封时,所述涂层的热封强度为100g/in到2500g/in。
在本发明的第二个优选实施方案中,提供了一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,它包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层以及在其一个表面上厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm的聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包括其量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其特征在于所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透速率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天以及氧气渗透速率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
在本发明的第三个优选实施方案中,提供了一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,它包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层以及在其一个表面上厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm的聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包括其量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其特征在于(i)当自身进行热封时,所述涂层提供100g/in到2500g/in的热封强度,以及(ii)所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透速率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天以及氧气渗透速率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
在第四个优选实施方案中,提供了一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,它包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层以及在其一个表面上的聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包括其量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其中所述涂层厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm,以及其中所述抗微生物化合物具有式(I)结构:
AgaHbAcM2(PO4)3·nH2O (I)
其中
A是至少一种选自碱金属或碱土金属离子的离子;
M是四价金属离子;
a、b和c是正数,使得(a+b+mc)=1;
m是金属A的化合价;以及
0≤n≤6,
优选其中(i)当自身进行热封时,所述涂层提供100g/in到2500g/in的热封强度,和/或(ii)所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透速率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天以及氧气渗透速率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
在另外的方面中,本发明提供了一种用于制备抗微生物聚合物薄膜的方法,该方法包括:(i)提供聚合物基底层;和(ii)在其一个表面涂覆聚合物涂料组合物,所述聚合物涂料组合物包括其量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其中所述涂层的厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm,其特征在于(i)当自身进行热封时,所述涂层提供100g/in到2500g/in的热封强度,和/或(ii)所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透速率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天以及氧气渗透速率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
本发明得到的薄膜可以用于各种应用例如在医用和餐饮服务环境及设备中以及在食品包装中提供抗微生物表面。其它应用包括休息室、垃圾处理场、动物饲料槽、学校、游泳池区域、汽车设备、公共通道固定装置、公共座位、公共交通固定装置、玩具以及其它工业、农业、商业产品或消费品。
以下测试方法可以用来测定聚合物薄膜的某些性能:
(i)根据ASTM D 1003使用Gardner Hazegard System XL-211测量雾度(散射发射可见光的%)。
(ii)根据DIN 67530,使用Dr Lange反射计REFO 3(购自Dr BrunoLange,GmbH,Dusseldorf,Germany)测量薄膜表面的60°光泽度值。反射以三个角度(20°、60°和85°)进行测量,并且测量在薄膜的纵向和横向的两个方向上进行。
(iii)根据ASTM D 3985测量水汽渗透速率。
(iv)根据ASTM F 1249测量氧气渗透速率。
(v)对细菌的抗微生物功效使用“板接触法”,对在钠/钾磷酸盐缓冲液中的105个细胞/毫升的0.4毫升暴露22小时,来加以评估。测试薄膜试样对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性。
(vi)对真菌的抗微生物功效使用基于ISO-846的方法,使用黑曲霉ATTC6275加以评估。每个试样用0.1ml每毫升105个菌孢的溶液进行接种,并在29℃下培养35天。霉菌生长通过目视观察试样加以评估,观测其中霉菌生长已经集中成许多小滴的试样。然后按三个等级评定功效:
观察到的小滴生长 | 等级 |
小滴有深度生长;许多孢子 | A |
小滴有轻微生长;很少/没有孢子 | B |
小滴没有或稀少生长 | C |
于是给定试样的评定结果是每个等级中的小滴的数目。
(vii)通过在250°F、30psi下,用0.35秒停留时间在Sentinel设备中将薄膜试样自身热封(涂层与涂层连接)测量热封强度。
(viii)收缩度通过将薄膜试样(大约1英寸的试片)在100℃水浴中放置30秒进行测量,以及用热处理前后的长度差异计算收缩度。
本发明通过以下实施例作进一步的说明。应理解的是,实施例仅是用于说明的目的,而不希望其限制如上所述的本发明。可以在不背离本发明范围的前提下,对细节做出改进。
实施例
在以下实施例中,将涂料组合物涂覆在双轴拉伸取向并且热定形的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜上(MylarLBF Film,DuPont Teijin Films)。
实施例1到4
通过在PVDC(Saran F278;Dow Chemicals)阻隔涂料中配混抗微生物剂AlphasanTM RC2000(Milliken),生产出涂料组合物。根据本文所述的传统技术制得涂料组合物,其具有以下组分:
Saran F278:97.5%(实施例1),97.0%(实施例2),96.0%(实施例3),98%(实施例4)
Alphasan RC2000:0.5%(实施例1),1.0(实施例2),2.0%(实施例3),0.0%(实施例4)
填料,1.2%(Microtalc;Ashland Chemical Co.USA)
除酸剂,0.4%(Drapex 6.8;Crompton Corp.USA)
蜡0.4%(Camauba Wax;Frank B Ross Company USA)
THF和甲苯用作溶剂并且形成20.0%固体的浴。
抗微生物颗粒的体积分布平均粒径为1.624μm,以及粒度分布使得95%的颗粒直径为小于4.697μm。实施例4是对比实施例。涂料组合物通过辊涂机施涂并在120℃下烘箱中干燥。
实施例5到8
通过在APET(MOR-ESTER 49002;Rohm&Haas)密封剂涂料中配混前述抗微生物剂AlphasanTM RC2000(Milliken)生产出涂料组合物。实施例8是对比实施例。根据本文所述的传统技术制得涂料组合物,其具有以下组分:
Mor-Ester 49002:95.5%(实施例5-7),97.5%(实施例8)
Alphasan RC2000:2.0%(实施例5-7),0.0%(实施例8)
二氧化硅,1.5%(SyloidR244,W.R.Grace&Co.USA)
封端剂,1.0%(Kemamide E;Witco Chemical USA)
THF用作溶剂并且形成16.0%固体的浴。
涂层通过辊涂机施涂并在100℃下烘箱中干燥。
生产的薄膜的物理性能在表1中给出。使用本文所述的抗微生物测试分析涂覆的薄膜。抗微生物测试的结果在图1中给出。图表上的误差棒表示来自两个独立实验的数据的标准偏差。
表1
实施例 | 涂层厚度(μm) | 涂层中的RC2000含量(%) | ppb/cm2 | 涂层表面上的Ag量(μg/cm2) |
1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.166 | 0.0184 |
2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.301 | 0.0521 |
3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 7.470 | 0.1180 |
4 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 4.186 | 0.0661 |
6 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.029 | 0.0320 |
7 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 2.138 | 0.0338 |
8 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例1到3表明,当涂层厚度保持较低时,涂层薄膜表面上存在的银的量与涂层中抗微生物剂的量成正比。实施例3、5、6和7的比较表明,由于在涂层中抗微生物剂的量相同,表面上存在的银的量随涂层厚度的增加而减少。
图1表明,所有实施例1到3以及5到7均显示抗微生物功效。
实施例2到8也以如上所述的抗真菌试验进行测试,并且其结果示于表2中。培养14天之后,实施例2、3和5中的霉菌生长完全被抑制,以及实施例6和7中的霉菌生长被部分抑制。对于实施例4没有观察到抑制。在实施例8中也显示了小程度的抑制。
表2抗真菌性能
实施例 | 各等级的小滴数 | ||
A | B | C | |
2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
4 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
6 | 0 | 3 | 7 |
7 | 0 | 8 | 2 |
8 | 6 | 4 | 0 |
实施例9
用以下方式制备可收缩的聚酯薄膜基底。从模头中挤出PET共聚物(壬二酸占二酸组分重量的6.2%;二甘醇占二醇组分重量的9.5%)并流延到冷却的旋转鼓上。随后在两个夹持牵引辊之间,在纵向方向上拉伸3倍。然后使拉伸的薄膜经过展幅机的预热区,在其中薄膜温度升高到约70℃。然后在横向方向上将薄膜拉伸3倍,然后进入在75℃温度下的热定形烘箱。离开展幅机之后,将薄膜缠绕到卷芯上,并且随后切割成所需的宽度用以涂覆抗微生物剂溶液。将以上制造的在两个方向上具有大约30%收缩度的PET基底借助辊涂机用实施例5到8的溶液涂覆,并在80℃烘箱中干燥。收缩被保留在涂覆的薄膜中。
Claims (23)
1、一种抗微生物聚合物薄膜,其包括具有第一和第二表面的聚合物基底层,以及在其一个表面上厚度为约0.01到约14.0μm的聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包括其量为涂层重量的约0.1到约50%的抗微生物化合物,其特征在于(i)当自身热封时,所述涂层提供100g/in到2500g/in的热封强度,和/或(ii)所述涂层提供对水汽和/或氧气的阻隔性,使得水汽渗透速率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天,以及氧气渗透速率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
2、根据权利要求1的抗微生物薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物是颗粒状的。
3、根据权利要求1或2的抗微生物薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物的存在量为约0.1到约5%。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3的抗微生物薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物是含金属或金属离子的无机化合物,所述金属或金属离子选自银、铜、锌、锡、汞、铅、铁、钴、镍、锰、砷、锑、铋、钡、镉和铬。
5、根据权利要求1、2或3的抗微生物薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物具有下式:
M1 aHbAcM2 2(PO4)3·nH2O
其中:M1是至少一种选自银、铜、锌、锡、汞、铅、铁、钴、镍、锰、砷、锑、铋、钡、镉和铬的金属离子;
A是至少一种选自碱金属或碱土金属离子的离子;
M2是四价金属离子;
a和b是正数以及c是0或正数,使(ka+b+mc)=1;
k是金属M1的化合价;m是金属A的化合价;以及
0≤n≤6。
6、根据权利要求1、2或3的抗微生物薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物具有下式:
AgaHbAcZr2(PO4)3·nH2O其中:
A是碱金属或碱土金属离子;
a、b和c是正数,使得(a+b+mc)=1;
m是金属A的化合价;以及
0≤n≤6。
7、根据权利要求5或6的抗微生物薄膜,其中a为0.1到0.5。
8、根据权利要求5、6或7的抗微生物薄膜,其中b至少为0.2。
9、根据权利要求5到8任一项的薄膜,其中金属A是钠并且m是1。
10、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物含有银、铜或锌。
11、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中抗微生物化合物含有银。
12、根据权利要求1到11任一项的抗微生物薄膜,其中所述涂层的水汽渗透速率为0.01到10g/100英寸2/天,和/或氧气渗透速率为0.01到10cm3/100英寸2/天/大气压。
13、根据权利要求1到12任一项的抗微生物薄膜,其中当自身热封时,所述涂层提供100到2500g/m的热封强度。
14、根据前述权利要求任一项的抗微生物薄膜,其中薄膜的雾度小于15%。
15、根据权利要求2到14任一项的抗微生物薄膜,其中抗微生物颗粒的体积分布平均粒径为1.0到3.0μm。
16、根据权利要求2到15任一项的抗微生物薄膜,其中涂层厚度为抗微生物颗粒体积分布平均粒径的70到130%。
17、根据权利要求2到15任一项的抗微生物薄膜,其中涂层厚度小于抗微生物颗粒的体积分布平均粒径,优选其厚度为抗微生物颗粒体积分布平均粒径的70到99%。
18、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中所述聚合基底选自聚酯、聚烯烃、聚酰胺和PVC。
19、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中所述聚合基底包括聚酯。
20、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中所述聚合基底包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
21、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中当所述聚合基底在100℃水浴中放置30秒时,其一维或二维收缩度为约10%到约60%。
22、根据前述权利要求任一项的薄膜,其中光泽度至少为70。
23、根据权利要求1到22任一项的薄膜,其中涂层聚合物选自PVDC、PCTFE、PE、PP、EVOH、PVOH、EVA、聚酯和己内酯。
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GBGB0301034.5A GB0301034D0 (en) | 2003-01-16 | 2003-01-16 | Polymeric film and coating |
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US (1) | US20060222845A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1583793B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2006518775A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101084491B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100567380C (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0301034D0 (zh) |
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CN107735115B (zh) * | 2015-07-11 | 2020-12-22 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | 具有抗微生物材料的聚合物涂层及其制备方法 |
CN112437794A (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-03-02 | 久保井涂装株式会社 | 抗菌涂装物、抗菌涂料、抗菌涂料的制造法及抗菌涂装物的制造法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2004063254A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
JP5385950B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
TW200427801A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
TWI343938B (en) | 2011-06-21 |
KR101084491B1 (ko) | 2011-11-21 |
JP2011236431A (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
EP1583793B1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
EP1583793A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
JP2006518775A (ja) | 2006-08-17 |
KR20050094853A (ko) | 2005-09-28 |
US20060222845A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
GB0301034D0 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
CN100567380C (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
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