CN1711154A - 用于半导体晶片的包含升降机构的适合高压的真空吸盘 - Google Patents

用于半导体晶片的包含升降机构的适合高压的真空吸盘 Download PDF

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CN1711154A
CN1711154A CN200380102839.6A CN200380102839A CN1711154A CN 1711154 A CN1711154 A CN 1711154A CN 200380102839 A CN200380102839 A CN 200380102839A CN 1711154 A CN1711154 A CN 1711154A
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T·R·苏顿
M·A·比伯格
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Tokyo Electron Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
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    • H01L21/687Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches
    • H01L21/68714Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches the wafers being placed on a susceptor, stage or support
    • H01L21/68742Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using mechanical means, e.g. chucks, clamps or pinches the wafers being placed on a susceptor, stage or support characterised by a lifting arrangement, e.g. lift pins
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/67Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
    • H01L21/683Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
    • H01L21/6838Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping with gripping and holding devices using a vacuum; Bernoulli devices

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Abstract

一种支托高压处理过程中的半导体晶片的真空吸盘,包括一个晶片台板,第一至第三升降销,和一个致动器机构,晶片台板包含一个光滑表面,第一至第三升降销孔,和一个真空开口。使用时由真空开口在半导体晶片表面上形成真空而将半导体晶片吸到晶片台板上。第一至第三升降销分别安装在第一至第三升降销孔内,致动器机构将第一至第三升降销连至晶片台板上。致动器机构工作时使第一至第三升降销一致伸到晶片台板光滑表面上方。致动器机构工作时使第一至第三升降销一致退回到至少与晶片台板光滑表面齐平。

Description

用于半导体晶片的包含升降机构的适合高压的真空吸盘
发明领域
本发明涉及高压处理领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及半导体晶片的高压处理领域。
发明背景
半导体晶片的处理提出了其它工件处理所没有的独特问题。一般而言,半导体处理从硅晶片开始。半导体处理始于对硅晶片掺杂以产生晶体管。接着在半导体处理中继续淀积金属和电介质层,交替进行线和通路的蚀刻以形成晶体管接触点和互连线结构。最后在半导体处理中由晶体管,晶体管接触点,和互连线形成集成电路。
对半导体晶片处理的关键处理要求是洁净度。大多数半导体处理在真空中进行,这是一个固有的洁净环境。其它的半导体处理在大气压下在潮湿过程中进行,这也是一个固有的洁净过程,因为潮湿过程在本质上是漂洗过程。例如,在蚀刻线和通路之后除去光刻胶和光刻胶残留物是采用等离子灰化(一种真空处理),然后在去胶池内去胶(一种湿法过程)。
半导体晶片处理的其它关键性处理要求包括产量和可靠性。半导体晶片的生产性处理在一个半导体加工装备中进行。半导体加工装备要为处理设备,为装备本身,并为操纵它的工作人员投入大量资金。为偿还这些费用并从该装备获得足够的收益,处理设备需要在一个周期内生产足够数量的晶片。为保证不断从该装备获得收益,此处理设备还必须是可靠的。
直至前不久,等离子灰化和去胶池被认为在半导体处理中用来除去光刻胶和光刻胶残留物是足够了。但是,最近集成电路的进展已使等离子灰化和去胶池不能满足先进集成电路的需求。这些最新进展包括蚀刻线条的小临界尺寸和绝缘体的低介电常数材料。蚀刻线条的小临界尺寸使得线条结构不足以承受去胶浴,因而需要更换这种去胶浴,许多低介电常数材料无法承受等离子灰化的氧气环境,因而需要等离子灰化的替代方式。
最近的感兴趣是用超临界处理来代替用于除光刻胶和光刻胶残留物的等离子灰化和去胶浴。不过现有的超临界处理系统的高压处理室不适合于满足半导体处理的独特要求。尤其是,现有超临界处理系统的高压室未提供在装卸时操纵半导体晶片的机构,也不能在超临界处理过程中支托半导体晶片。关键问题是这种机构在操纵和支托半导体晶片时不能破坏或损伤半导体晶片。
我们需要的是一种将半导体晶片装入/卸出超临界处理室时操纵半导体晶片和在超临界处理过程中支托半导体晶片的机构,它能增加洁净度,既经济又高效,而且还不破坏半导体晶片。
发明内容
本发明是一种在高压处理过程中支托半导体晶片的真空吸盘。它包括一个晶片台板,第一至第三升降销,和一个致动器机构。晶片台板包含一个光滑表面,第一至第三升降销孔,和真空开口。使用时真空开口将真空施加到半导体晶片表面,将半导体晶片吸到台板上。第一至第三升降销分别安装在第一至第三升降销孔内。致动器机构将第一至第三升降销与晶片台板相连。致动器机构操作时使第一至第三升降销一致伸到晶片台板的光滑表面上方。致动器机构操作时使第一至第三升降销一致退回到至少与晶片台板的光滑表面齐平。
附图说明
图1是本发明的优选真空吸盘示意图。
图2进一步显示本发明的优选真空吸盘。
图3是本发明的优选真空吸盘的展开视图。
图4是本发明的优选真空吸盘一个剖面。
图5是装在本发明的优选真空吸盘内的一个压力容器。
图6表示本发明的一个压力室框架。
图7A至7C表示本发明的优选真空吸盘的上台板。
图8表示本发明的一个第一升降销。
详细说明
图1为本发明的优选真空吸盘。此优选真空吸盘10包括一个晶片台板部件12和一个升降机构。晶片台板部件12最好由上台板12A和下台板12B组成。晶片台板部件12也可以只有一个台板。上台板12A内最好有第一和第二真空沟槽14和16。也可以只有第一真空沟槽14。升降机构包括一个圆柱形支撑件18,一个气缸(未示出),一个销支撑件(未示出)以及第一至第三升降销20-22。
图2为此优选真空吸盘10的侧视图。最好用一些螺纹紧固件24把柱形支撑件18与下台板12B相连接。
图3是该优选真空吸盘10的展开图。该优选真空吸盘10由晶片台板部件12和升降机构26组成。晶片台板部件12最好包括上台板12A,下台板12B,第一和第二螺纹紧固件25和27,以及第一至第三尼龙插入件42-44。上台板12A包含第一和第二真空沟槽14和16,第一至第三上升降销孔28A-30A。以及一个0圈沟槽32。下台板12B包含第一至第三下升降销孔28B-30B。
装配时用第一和第二螺纹紧固件25和27把上台板12A与下台板12B相连,另外在装配时第一上、下升降销孔28A和28B构成第一升降销孔,第二上、下升降销孔29A和29B构成第二升降销孔,第三上、下升降销孔30A和30B构成第三升降销孔。最好把第一至第三尼龙插入件42-44分别与第一至第三下升降销孔28B-30B的顶端相连。也可以把一至第三下升降销孔28B-30B沿第一至第三升降销孔的其它部位在其它位置连接。也可以在晶片台板部件12内不包含第一至第三尼龙插入件42-44。
升降机构包括柱形支撑件18,气缸34,销支撑件36,以及第一至第三升降销20-22。第一至第三升降销20-22插在销支撑件36内。第一至第三升降销20-22最好包括螺纹端部38,以便拧到销支撑件36的螺纹孔40内。销支撑件36与气缸34相连接。气缸34与柱形支撑件18相接。柱形支撑件18与晶片台板部件12相接。
本专业技术人员很清楚,此气缸可用其它驱动机构(如别的流体驱动机构或机电驱动机构)替代。
图4为本发明的优选真空吸盘10的一个剖面。此优选真空吸盘10的上台板12A内包含第一真空通道46,它将第一和第二真空沟槽14、16与下台板12B内的第二真空通道48相连。使用时第二真空通道48与一个真空泵(未示出)相连。此泵为第一和第二真空沟槽14、16提供真空,以将半导体晶片(未示出)吸到上台板12A上。
图5为结合在本发明优选真空吸盘10内的一个压力室剖面。此压力室50包括一个压力室框架52,一个室盖54,优选真空吸盘10,密封板56,活插入件58,第一和第二导销60和62,接口环64,和上腔板/注入环66。
图6是本发明的压力室框架52的等角投影图。此压力室框架52包含一个压力室外壳部72,液压致动部74,晶片槽76,窗78,支撑件79,顶部开口80,和螺钉孔82。晶片槽76的尺寸最好能用于300mm晶片。也可以用于比这更大或更小的晶片。还可以用于不是晶片的其它半导体基片,如圆盘等。
此压力室框架52的液体致动部分74包括窗78,它为装卸压力室50(图5)提供进出口。最好有4个窗78,分别处于压力室框架52的各边。建议每个窗78在侧面由两个支撑件79,在顶部由压力室外壳部72,在底部由底座73框住。螺钉孔82接纳螺钉(未示出),它将室盖54(图5)固定在压力室框架52上。
参看图5,第一和第二导销60和62与压力室框架52相连。活插入件58与压力室框架52及第一和第二导销60和62相连。活插入件58和压力室框架52形成一个液体腔84。密封板56与压力室框架52相连并连至活插入件58的颈部68,由此形成一个气动腔86。活插入件58的颈部68与接口环64相连。优选真空吸盘10与接口环64相连。上腔板/注入环66与压力室框架52相连。室盖与压力室框架52及上腔板/注入环66相连。
本专业技术人员容易看出,各紧固件将优选真空吸盘10与接口环64相连,将接口环64与活插入件58的颈部68相连,将密封板56与压力室框架52相连。
图5表示处于封闭结构下的压力室50。在此封闭结构中,O圈沟槽32内的O圈将上台板12A与上腔板/注入环66密封,因而形成一个半导体晶片的晶片腔88。
参见图4和5,本发明的优选真空吸盘10和压力室50开始运行时,压力室50处于封闭结构且晶片腔88未支托半导体晶片90。在第一步骤,液压系统(未示出)使液压腔84内的液体压力释放,同时气压系统给气压腔86加压。这使得活插入件58,因而也使优选真空吸盘10,离开上腔板/注入环66而运动,并使上台板12A的上表面靠在晶片槽76上或其下面。
在第二步骤内,一个机械手踏板(未示出)将半导体晶片90插入晶片槽76。在第三步骤内,气缸34由气动系统驱动而使销支撑件36升高,因而使第一至第三升降销20-22升高。这样就把半导体晶片90抬高而脱离机械手踏板。在第六步骤内,机械手踏板退出。在第七步骤内,气缸34降低销支撑件36,第一至第三升降销20-22,和半导体晶片90,直到半导体晶片90靠在上台板12A上。在第八步骤内,通过第一和第二真空通道46和48产生真空,将半导体晶片90压紧在优选真空吸盘10上。
在第九步骤内,气动系统使气动腔86的气体压力释放,且液压系统给液压腔84加压。这样使得活插入件58升高,因而优选真空吸盘10也升高。这也使得上台板12A的O圈沟槽内的O圈与上腔板/注入环66密封,从而形成对半导体晶片90作高压处理的晶片腔88。
当半导体晶片90在晶片腔88内经过高压处理之后,通过卸载操作将半导体晶片90取出。卸载操作就是装载操作的逆过程。
图7A-7C进一步显示本发明的上台板12A。图7A表示一个晶片支持表面92,它在使用时支持半导体晶片90(见图5)。晶片支持表面92包括第一和第二真空沟槽14和16,第一至第三升降销孔28A-30A,和第一O圈环32。上台板12A最好能安装300mm晶片。为保护300mm晶片的大部分背面,第一和第二真空沟槽14和16的直径小于300mm。上台板12A也可能安装不同尺寸的晶片。在安装300mm晶片区域内的支持表面92上最好表面粗糙度不大于0.0002英寸左右。或者,在安装300mm晶片区域内的支持表面92上最好表面粗糙度不大于0.00015英寸左右。建议通过研磨和抛光使晶片支持表面92的光洁度达到8微英寸。或者通过研磨和抛光使晶片支持表面92的光洁度达到4微英寸。
图7B表示上台板12A的局部剖面94。它包括第一和第二真空沟槽14和16,第一上升降销孔28A,O圈沟槽32,和第一真空通道46。第一和第二真空沟槽14和16的宽度最好不大于0.060英寸左右。或者,第一和第二真空沟槽14和16的宽度最好不大于0.065英寸左右。第一至第三升降销孔28-30的直径最好不大于0.060英寸左右。或者,第一至第三升降销孔28-30的直径最好不大于0.065英寸左右。
我们发现0.070”对优选真空吸盘是一个关键尺寸。当第一和第二真空沟槽14和16的宽度及第一至第三升降销孔28-30的直径为0.100英寸或以下时,半导体晶片90(见图5)暴露在超临界二氧化碳的热力学状态(压力超过1.073psi且温度超过31℃)下不会破裂。如果第一和第二真空沟槽14和16的宽度及第一至第三升降销孔28-30的直径超过0.100英寸左右,则半导体晶片90暴露在超临界二氧化碳的热力学状态下将破裂。当把第一和第二真空沟槽14和16的宽度及第一至第三升降销孔28-30的直径加工成0.060英寸左右时,可以维持避免半导体晶片破裂的合理安全范围。
图7C表示上台板12A的背面96,可看到第一真空沟槽46和加热元件沟槽98。最好在组装好后让加热元件沟槽98支托一个加热元件,由它在处理过程中对半导体晶片90加热。
第一升降销20示于图8。(应指出,第一升降销20是作为第一至第三升降销20-22的一个示例)第一升降销20包括轴段100,凸肩段102,和螺纹端部38。建议轴段100的直径为0.50“,它以合理的公差与直径为0.60”第一升降销孔相配。建议用不锈钢来加工第一升降销20。最好用磨削来加工轴段。也可以用其它的方法来加工轴段。
压力室50的运行在2002年4月10日申请的美国专利申请No.10/121,791中有说明,此申请被整体引用于此作参考。
本专业技术人员容易了解,可以对优选实施例作其它各种修改而不超出权利要求书所界定的思路和范围。

Claims (22)

1.一种用来在高压处理过程中支托半导体晶片的真空吸盘,包括:
a.晶片台板,它包含光滑表面、第一至第三升降销孔和处在光滑表面内的真空开口,该真空开口可对半导体晶片表面施加真空;
b.分别安装在第一至第三升降销孔内的第一至第三升降销;以及
c.致动器机构,它将第一至第三升降销与晶片台板相连,它可操作成让第一至第三升降销伸到晶片台板的光滑表面上方,或以及使第一至第三升降销退至与晶片台板的光滑表面齐平。
2.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中晶片台板的光滑表面包含半导体晶片支托区。
3.如权利要求2所述的真空吸盘,其中真空开口包含位于半导体晶片支托区内的第一近似圆形真空沟槽。
4.如权利要求3所述的真空吸盘,其中晶片台板还包括真空通道,它将第一近似圆形真空沟槽与位于半导体晶片支托区外面的晶片台板一个表面上的真空口相连。
5.如权利要求4所述的真空吸盘,其中晶片台板包括第二近似圆形真空沟槽,它处在第一近似圆形真空沟槽的内直径内的光滑表面上。
6.如权利要求4所述的真空吸盘,其中真空通道将第二近似圆形真空沟槽与该真空口相连。
7.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,还包括升降销支持机构,它将升降销与致动器机构相连。
8.如权利要求7所述的真空吸盘,其中升降销支持机构包括升降销支持板。
9.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,还包括一个致动器支撑件,它将致动器机构与晶片台板相连。
10.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中晶片台板包括:
a.包含光滑表面的上台板、第四至第六升降销孔和真空口;及
b.与上台板相连的下台板,它包含第七至第九升降销孔,此下台板将致动器机构连至上台板,包括第四和第七升降销孔的晶片台板第一升降销孔,包括第五和第八升降销孔的晶片台板第二升降销孔,包括第六和第九升降销孔的晶片台板第三升降销孔。
11.如权利要求10所述的真空吸盘,还包括第一至第三尼龙插入件,它们分别与下台板相连,并至少部分处在下台板的第一至第三升降销孔内。
12.如权利要求11所述的真空吸盘,其中上台板在其光滑表面相对的背面上包含加热元件沟槽。
13.如权利要求10所述的真空吸盘,还包括第一至第三尼龙套筒,它们分别与上台板相连,并至少部分处在上台板的第一至第三升降销孔内。
14.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中晶片台板包含一个第四升降销孔。
15.如权利要求14所述的真空吸盘,还包括一个第四升降销,它安装在第四升降销孔内并与致动器机构相连。
16.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中晶片台板包含一些额外的升降销孔。
17.如权利要求16所述的真空吸盘,还包括一些额外的升降销,它们安装在那些额外的升降销孔内,并与致动器机构相连。
18.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中致动器机构包含气缸。
19.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中致动器机构包含机电驱动机构。
20.如权利要求1所述的真空吸盘,其中致动器机构包含一个液压缸。
21.一种在高压处理过程中支托半导体晶片的真空吸盘,包括:
a.晶片台板,它包括光滑表面、第一至第三升降销孔和近似圆形的真空沟槽,该真空沟槽用来在半导体晶片的表面施加真空;
b.分别安装在第一至第三升降销孔内的第一至第三升降销;以及
c.致动器机构,它将第一至第三升降销与晶片台板相连,它可操作成让第一至第三升降销伸到晶片台板的光滑表面上方,以及使第一至第三升降销退至与晶片台板的光滑表面齐平。
22.一种在高压处理过程中支托半导体晶片的真空吸盘,包括:
a.上晶片台板,它包括光滑表面、第一至第三升降销孔和近似圆形的真空沟槽,该真空沟槽用来对半导体晶片的表面施加真空;
b.与上台板相连的下台板,它包含第四至第六升降销孔,第四至第六升降销孔分别与上台板的第一至第三升降销孔对准;
c.第一至第三升降销,其中第一升降销安装在上台板的第一升降销孔和下台板的第四升降销孔内,第二升降销安装在上台板的第二升降销孔和下台板的第五升降销孔内,第三升降销安装在上台板的第三升降销孔和下台板的第六升降销孔内,以及
d.将第一至第三升降销连接至下台板的致动器机构,它可操作成使第一至第三升降销伸到上台板光滑表面的上方,以及使第一至第三升降销退回到至少与上台板光滑表面齐平。
CNB2003801028396A 2002-11-06 2003-11-03 用于半导体晶片的包含升降机构的适合高压的真空吸盘 Expired - Fee Related CN100396440C (zh)

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EP1560680A2 (en) 2005-08-10
WO2004044953A2 (en) 2004-05-27
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US6722642B1 (en) 2004-04-20
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