CN1668656A - 磺化共聚物 - Google Patents

磺化共聚物 Download PDF

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CN1668656A
CN1668656A CNA038163497A CN03816349A CN1668656A CN 1668656 A CN1668656 A CN 1668656A CN A038163497 A CNA038163497 A CN A038163497A CN 03816349 A CN03816349 A CN 03816349A CN 1668656 A CN1668656 A CN 1668656A
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S·曹
H·徐
J·陈
T·珍妮斯
K·H·南
D·奥尔梅杰
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Abstract

本发明涉及磺化共聚物,所述共聚物可用于形成燃料电池用的聚合物电解质膜。

Description

磺化共聚物
                      技术领域
本发明涉及磺化共聚物,所述共聚物可用于形成用在燃料电池中的聚合物电解质膜。
                     发明背景
燃料电池主要由于其无污染性质而一直被设计成用于便携式电子装置、电载体和其他应用的有前途的能源。在各种燃料电池体系中,基于聚合物电解质膜的燃料电池技术如直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC),因其高能量密度和高能量转化效率,已经引起了人们较大的兴趣。基于聚合物电解质膜的燃料电池的核心是所谓的“膜-电极组(MEA)”,所述膜-电极组包含质子导电的聚合物电解质膜(PEM)、分布在PEM反面的催化剂(形成涂布了催化剂的膜(CCM))以及与催化剂层电接触的电极对(即阴极和阳极)。
已知用于DMFC的质子导电膜有如购自E.I.Dupont De Nemoursand Company的Nafion或购自Dow Chemicals的类似产品。但是,当这些全氟代烃磺化离子交联聚合物用在DMFC中时,有着非常大的极限性。当所述燃料电池的工作温度高于80℃时,Nafion失去导电性。此外,Nafion具有非常高的甲醇透过速率,这阻碍了它在DMFC中的应用。
美国专利5,773,480(已转让给Ballard Power System)描述了一种由α,β,β-三氟苯乙烯制备的部分氟代的质子导电膜。该膜的一个缺点是制造成本高,原因是单体-α,β,β三氟苯乙烯的合成方法复杂以及聚(α,β,β-三氟苯乙烯)的磺化能力差。该膜的另一个缺点是非常脆,因此必须掺入到载体中。
Kerrres等在美国专利6,300,381和6,194,474中描述了一种用作质子导电膜的酸基二元聚合物共混物体系,其中所述磺化的聚(醚砜)通过聚(醚砜)的后磺化(post-sulfonation)制备。
M.Ueda在the Journal of Polymer Science,31(1993):853中公开了使用磺化的单体制备磺化的聚(醚砜聚合物)。
McGrath等在美国专利申请2002/0091225A1中使用了这种方法制备磺化的聚砜聚合物。
用于燃料电池工作的良好的膜需要平衡膜的各种性质。这些性质包括质子导电性、耐甲醇性、化学稳定性和甲醇的透过性、DMFC的快速启动以及电池性能的耐久性。此外,还重要的是在燃料的工作温度范围内保持所述膜的尺寸稳定性。在DMFC中,甲醇氧化产生足够的热量来升高电池的温度。如果所述膜明显溶胀,就会增加甲醇的透过。因此,膜将逐步失去其限制甲醇透过的能力,导致电池性能降低。膜的尺寸变化还同时施加应力于膜-电极组(MEA)的粘合处。通常膜过分溶胀后,会导致膜从电极上层离。因此,在DMFC的应用中,在较大的温度范围内保持膜尺寸的稳定性以及避免膜的过分溶胀是重要的。
                      发明概述
本发明的一个方面提供了磺化的无规共聚物组合物,所述组合物可用于制造用于燃料电池中的聚合物电解质膜(PEM)、涂布了催化剂的膜(CCM)和膜-电极组(MEA)。
本发明包括两类无规的磺化共聚物。这些无规共聚物是下式中的一种:
其中R为单键,式CnH2n-2的脂环,
Figure A0381634900092
其中a、b、c和d是共聚物中单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01-1;并且
其中X是阳离子或质子。
其中R1或R2独立为单键,式CnH2n-2的脂环,
Figure A0381634900101
其中R3是芳基酮、芳基砜、芳基腈和取代的芳基腈;
其中a、b、c和d是共聚物中单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01-1;并且
其中X是阳离子或氢原子。
                      详细描述
本发明提供了无规的磺化共聚物。这种聚合物的一个用途是形成可用于DMFC燃料电池中的聚合物电解质膜(PEM)、涂布了催化剂的膜(CCM)和膜-电极组(MEA)。
在一个实施方案中,可制备下式的磺化共聚物:
其中R为单键,式CnH2n-2的脂环,
在所述磺化共聚物中,a、b、c和d是共聚物中单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01至约1;并且X是阳离子或质子。在一个具体的实施方案中,R是亚异丙基或亚环己基。
通常,所述磺化共聚物包括其中a、b、c和d定义如下的反应产物:(a+c)=(b+d),a为大约0.05-大约0.95,b为大约0.01-大约0.95,c为大约0-大约0.95,d为大约0-大约0.99。优选,a为大约0.10-大约1.00,b为大约0.05-大约0.85,c为大约0-大约0.90,d为大约0.15-大约0.95。最优选,a为大约0.20-大约0.9,b为大约0.10-大约0.45,c为大约0-大约0.80,d为大约0.55-大约0.90。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及下式的无规磺化共聚物和质子交换膜:
其中R1或R2为单键,式CnH2n-2的脂环,
Figure A0381634900122
其中R3是芳基酮、芳基砜、芳基腈和取代的芳基腈;
其中a、b、c和d是共聚物中单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01-1;并且
其中X是阳离子或氢原子。
在所述磺化共聚物中,a、b、c和d是共聚物中各种单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01-大约1,并且X是阳离子或氢原子。在一个优选的实施方案中,R1是环己基,R2是芴基。
通常,所述磺化共聚物包括其中a、b、c和d如下定义的反应产物:(a+c)=1.00,(b+d)=1.00,a为大约0.05-大约1.00,b为大约0.01-大约1.00,c为大约0-大约0.95,d为大约0-大约0.99。优选,a为大约0.10-大约1.00,b为大约0.05-大约0.85,c为大约0-大约0.90,d为大约0.15-大约0.95。最优选,a为大约0.20-大约1.00,b为大约0.10-大约0.45,c为大约0-大约0.80,d为大约0.55-大约0.90。
一种特别优选的无规共聚物是:
n=1~20
m=0~50
k=50~150
磺化度x=n/(n+m)
可通过溶液浇铸离子导电共聚物来制备聚合物膜。或者,通过溶液浇铸酸和碱性聚合物共混获得的离子导电聚合物来制备聚合物膜。
当浇铸成用于燃料电池的膜时,优选膜的厚度是1-10密耳,更优选2-6密耳,最优选3-4密耳。
在本文中使用的表述“膜可被质子渗透”是指透过膜的质子流量大于大约0.005S/cm,更优选大于0.01S/cm,最优选大于0.02S/cm。
在本文中使用的表述“膜基本上不被甲醇渗透”是指透过给定厚度的膜的甲醇少于透过相同厚度的Nafion膜的甲醇。在优选的实施方案中,和Nafion膜相比,所述膜的甲醇渗透性优选比Nafion膜的甲醇渗透性小50%,更优选小75%,最优选小80%。
在所述磺化的无规共聚物成膜(PEM)后,可用来制备成涂布了催化剂的膜(CCM)。在本文中使用的术语“CCM”包含PEM,其上至少一个并优选两个相对面部分或全部涂布了催化剂层。所述催化剂优选是由催化剂和离子交联聚合物制备的层。优选的催化剂是Pt和Pt-Ru。优选的离子交联聚合物包括Nafion和其它离子导电聚合物。
通常,用很完善的标准技术将阳极和阴极催化剂施加在膜上。
对于直接甲醇燃料电池,一般将Pt-Ru催化剂用于阳极端,而Pt催化剂用于阴极端。可任选用碳装载催化剂。首先将催化剂分散在少量水中(大约100mg催化剂/lg水)。往该分散体中加入5%的Nafion的水/醇溶液(0.25-0.75g)。可将得到的分散体直接涂布在聚合物膜上。或者,加入异丙醇(1-3g),再将分散体直接喷在膜上。还可以用移画印花转印法(decal transfer)转移施用到膜上,如公开的文献(Electrochimica Acta,40:297(1995))所述。
将CCM用于制备MEA。在本文中使用的术语“MEA”是指由本发明的CCM制备的离子导电聚合物膜以及与CCM的催化剂层电接触的阳极和阴极。
所述电极和膜直接或间接电接触,这样它们就接通了包括聚合物膜和用电负载的电路。更具体地讲,第一种催化剂与所述膜的阳极端电催化地结合,使得有机燃料氧化更容易。通常这种氧化会产生质子、电子、二氧化碳和水。因为所述膜基本不被有机燃料(如甲醇)以及二氧化碳渗透,所以这些组分保留在膜的阳极端。由电催化反应形成的电子从阴极迁移到负载,然后到阳极。平衡这些直接电子流的是迁移等量的质子通过所述膜到阳极室。在那里在迁移的质子存在下发生氧的电催化还原形成水。在一个实施方案中,以空气为氧源。在另一个实施方案中使用富氧空气为氧源。
通常所述膜-电极组(MEA)用来将燃料电池分成阳极室和阴极室。在这种燃料电池系统中,将有机燃料如甲醇加入到阳极室中,同时允许氧化剂(例如氧和环境空气)进入阴极室。根据燃料电池的具体用途,可将多个电池结合得到适合的电压和输出功率。这种应用包括用于居住、工业、商业动力系统的电力能源以及用于机车(如汽车)的动力。本发明的其它具体用途包括将燃料电池用于便携式电子装置如手机和其它通讯装置、视频和音频电子消费品、膝上型电脑、笔记本电脑、个人数字助手和其它电脑设备、GPS装置等。此外,可将燃料电池堆叠以提高电压和电流量,用于高动力用途(如工业和居住设施)或用来提供交通工具的动力。这类燃料电池的结构包括在以下美国专利中公开的那些:6,416,895、6,413,664、6,106,964、5,840,438、5,773,160、5,750,281、5,547,776、5,527,363、5,521,018、5,514,487、5,482,680、5,432,021、5,382,478、5,300,370、5,252,410和5,230,966。
通常这种CCM和MEM可用于例如公开在以下美国专利的燃料电池中:5,945,231、5,773,162、5,992,008、5,723,229,、6,057,051、5,976,725、5,789,093、4,612,261、4,407,905、4,629,664、4,562,123、4,789,917、4,446,210、4,390,603、6,110,613、6,020,083、5,480,735、4,851,377、4,420,544、5,759,712、5,807,412、5,670,266、5,916,699、5,693,434、5,688,613、5,688,614,这些专利均通过引用完整地结合到本文中。
本发明另一个方面涉及制备用作聚合物电解质膜的离子导电(例如磺酸盐)无规共聚物的方法。通常,所述制备方法包括将具有至少一个离子导电基团(如磺酸根)的第一种单体和第二种共聚单体结合。所述第一种单体应当具有至少两个离去基团,第二种共聚单体应当具有至少两个基团,所述基团能置换第一种单体的至少一个离去基团。第三种共聚单体具有至少两个离去基团,以便第二种共聚单体的至少一个置换基团可以置换第三种共聚单体的至少一个离去基团。
在制备这种聚合物的一个具体的实施方案中,所述方法还包括和第四种共聚单体结合的步骤,所述第四种共聚单体具有至少两个置换基团,所述置换基团可和第一种共聚单体或第三种共聚单体的离去基团反应。
术语“离去基团”包括那些可被亲核部分(通常在另一种单体中)置换的官能部分。离去基团为本领域所熟知,并且包括,例如卤离子(氯离子、氟离子、溴离子、碘离子)、甲苯磺酰基、甲磺酰基等。在某些实施方案中,所述单体具有至少两个离去基团,这两个基团在它们所连接的芳族单体上彼此互为对位。
术语“置换基团”包括那些一般可作为亲核试剂而置换出适合单体的离去基团的官能部分。结果是将置换基团连接的单体和离去基团连接的单体连接(通常是共价连接)在一起。上述的一个实例是芳族单体的酚盐或醇盐离子置换了芳族单体的氟原子。
                     实施例
实施例1
含有双酚A组合物的磺化PEEK
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将双酚A(9.128g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)、无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。再将干的聚合物溶解在DMAC中配制成20%的涂布溶液。将得到的2密尔厚的膜浸在1.5M H2SO4中16小时(过夜),接着用去离子水冲洗几次,直到不能检出残余的H2SO4
在室温下将聚合物膜在水中溶胀,然后用交流阻抗测定聚合物膜的导电性。在80℃下将所述聚合物膜在8M的甲醇溶液中溶胀24小时来测定其尺寸的稳定性。
使用H-cell在8M的甲醇中测定甲醇透过,并用气相色谱分析得到渗透速率。
所述膜的电导率:0.021S/cm,在80℃的8M甲醇中的溶胀率:620%(以面积计)
8M甲醇的透过率:6.9×10-7cm2/sec。
实施例2
含有50%双酚A和50%氢醌组合物的磺化PEEK
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将双酚A(4.564g)、氢醌(2.202g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。再将干的聚合物溶解在DMAC中配制成20%的涂布溶液。将得到的2密尔厚的膜浸在1.5M H2SO4中16小时(过夜),接着用去离子水冲洗几次,直到不能检出残余的H2SO4
所述膜的电导率:0.027S/cm。
实施例3
含有4,4’-硫代二苯酚组合物的磺化PEEK
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-硫代二苯酚(8.728g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。
所述膜的电导率:0.021S/cm
实施例4
含有4,4’-六氟亚异丙基二苯酚组合物的磺化PEEK在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-六氟亚异丙基二苯酚(13.452g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。再将干的聚合物溶解在DMAC中配制成20%的涂布溶液。将得到的2密尔厚的膜浸在1.5M H2SO4中16小时(过夜),接着用去离子水冲洗几次,直到不能检出残余的H2SO4
所述膜的电导率:0.020S/cm
实施例5
含有50%4,4’-六氟亚异丙基二苯酚和50%氢醌组合物的磺化PEEK
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-六氟亚异丙基二苯酚(6.726g)、氢醌(2.202g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。再将干的聚合物溶解在DMAC中配制成20%的涂布溶液。将得到的2密尔厚的膜浸在1.5M H2SO4中16小时(过夜),接着用去离子水冲洗几次,直到不能检出残余的H2SO4
所述膜的电导率:0.021S/cm
实施例6
含有4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚-氢醌组合物(95/5)的磺化PEEK在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(10.1977g)、氢醌(0.2202g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(6.1096g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.0664g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。再将干的聚合物溶解在DMAC中配制成20%的涂布溶液。将得到的2密尔厚的膜浸在1.5M H2SO4中16小时(过夜),接着用去离子水冲洗几次,直到不能检出残余的H2SO4
所述膜的电导率:0.017S/cm,在80℃的8M甲醇中的溶胀率:120%(以面积计)
8M甲醇的透过率:2.4×10-7cm2/sec。
实施例7
本实施例公开了基于4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(BisZ)/磺化的二氟二苯酮(SBK)/二氟二苯酮(BK)的无规共聚物
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(10.7344g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(6.546g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(4.222g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。电导率和在室温下的溶胀率见下表。
实施例8
本实施例公开了基于4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(BisZ)/磺化的二氟二苯酮(SBK)/二氟二苯酮(BK)的无规共聚物
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500m1三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(10.7344g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(6.3714g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(4.5598g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。电导率和在室温下的溶胀率见下表。
实施例9
本实施例公开了基于4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(BisZ)/磺化的二氟二苯酮(SBK)/二氟二苯酮(BK)的无规共聚物
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(10.7344g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。电导率和在室温下的溶胀率见下表。
    摩尔组成%(BisZ/SBK/BK)     电导率S/cm     溶胀率%
    实施例7     0.005     25
    实施例8     0.007     35
    实施例9     0.017     120
实施例10
含有20%氢醌/80%4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚组合物的磺化PEEK
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将氢醌(0.8808g)、4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(8.5875g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。
所述膜的电导率:0.030S/cm,在80℃的8M甲醇中的溶胀率:92%(以面积计)
8M甲醇的透过率:5.4×10-7cm2/sec。
实施例11
含有50%氢醌/50%4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚组合物的磺化PEEK
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将氢醌(2.202g)、4,4’-亚环己基二苯酚(5.3672g)、4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.6732g)、磺化的4,4’-二氟二苯酮(5.9108g)和无水碳酸钾(7.2g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在150℃下保持4小时,然后将温度升高至175-180℃,并保持6小时。用丙酮或甲醇使反应混合物沉淀,得到粗产品,然后用热水洗涤4次。
所述膜的电导率:0.033S/cm,8M甲醇的透过率:4.3×10-7cm2/sec。
实施例12
SO2-Z/35(JC 58-68):
在一个装有机械搅拌、连接了氮气入口的温度计探头和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中加入双(4-氟苯基)砜(BisS,24.79g,0.0975mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SbisK,22.16g,0.0525mol)、BisZ(40.25g,0.15mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。在缓慢的氮气流下,将反应混合物缓慢搅拌。在大约85℃下加热1小时,再于大约120℃下加热1小时,然后将反应温度升高至大约135℃并保持3小时,最后升高至大约170℃并保持2小时。在继续搅拌下冷却至大约70℃后,在快速搅拌下将粘稠的溶液滴入1L的冷甲醇中。切断面条状的沉淀物,用蒸馏水洗涤4次,然后在80℃下干燥过夜。通过在热的硫酸溶液(0.5M)中洗涤2次(每次1小时)和在冷蒸馏水中洗涤2次,将钠盐形式的聚合物转换为酸形式。然后将该聚合物在80℃下干燥过夜,并保持在80℃、真空下2天。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.60dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为142%,在8M甲醇中的透过率是0.009mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(沸腾的),电导率为0.013S/cm(不沸腾的)和0.041S/cm(沸腾的)。
实施例13
SO2-Z/40(JC58-72):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:双(4-氟苯基)砜(BisS,22.88g,0.090mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SbisK,25.34g,0.060mol)、BisZ(40.25g,0.15mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.67dl/g。
实施例14
CN-K-Z/35(JC58-79):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:BisK(10.69g,0.049mol)、2,6-二氟苯甲腈(5.86g,0.042mol)、3,3′-二磺化-4,4′-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,20.69g,0.049mol)、BisZ(37.57g,0.14mol)、无水碳酸钾(25.15g,0.18mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.86dl/g。
实施例15
FL/35(JC58-11):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,14.18g,0.065mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,14.78g,0.035mol)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(35.04g,0.10mol)、无水碳酸钠(17.97g,0.13mol)、无水DMSO(180mL)和新蒸馏的甲苯(90mL)。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.88dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为26%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.013mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的)和0.016mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(煮沸的),电导率为0.010S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.019S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例16
FL/40(JC58-43):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,19.64g,0.09mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,25.34g,0.06mol)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(52.56g,0.15mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该共聚物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.77dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为35%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.016mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的)和0.016mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(煮沸的),电导率为0.015S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.023S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例17
Z-FL/40(JC58-51):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,18.33g,0.084mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,23.65g,0.056mol)、1,1-双(4-羟苯基)环己烷(BisZ,18.78g,0.070mol)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(FL,24.53g,0.070mol)、无水碳酸钾(25.15g,0.18mol)、250mL DMSO和125mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.97dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为54%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.015mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的)和0.025mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(煮沸的),电导率为0.018S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.042S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例18
FL-O/35(JC58-57):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,21.27g,0.0975mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,22.17g,0.0525mol)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(FL,26.28g,0.075mol)、4,4’-二羟基二苯醚(O,15.16g,0.075mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.21dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为50%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.023mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的),电导率为0.030S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.039S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例19
Z-O/35(JC58-58):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,21.27g,0.0975mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,22.17g,0.0525mol)、BisZ(20.12g,0.075mol)、4,4’-二羟基二苯醚(O,15.16g,0.075mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.61dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为117%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.019mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的),电导率为0.026S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.057S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例20
FL-O/40(JC58-59):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,19.64g,0.09mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,25.34g,0.06mol)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(26.28g,0.075mol)、4,4’-二羟基二苯醚(15.16g,0.075mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.50dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为72%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.023mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的),电导率为0.026S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.056S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例21
AF-O/35(JC58-65):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:4,4’-二氟二苯酮(BisK,21.27g,0.0975mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,22.17g,0.0525mol)、4,4’-六氟亚异丙基二苯酚(25.21g,0.075mol)、4,4’-二羟基二苯醚(15.16g,0.075mol)、无水碳酸钾(26.95g,0.19mol)、270mL DMSO和135mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.10dl/g。在80℃的8M甲醇中一天的溶胀率为232%,在8M甲醇中的透过率为0.020mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(未煮沸的)和0.079mg.mil/cc.min.cm2(煮沸的),电导率为0.024S/cm(未煮沸的)和0.061S/cm(煮沸的)。
实施例22
MB/35(JC58-77):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:BisK(17.02g,0.078mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,17.73g,0.042mol)、2,5-二羟基-4’-甲基联苯酚(MB,24.03g,0.12mol)、无水碳酸钾(21.56g,0.156mol)、216mL DMSO和108mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.07dl/g。
实施例23
TPM/35(JC58-81):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:BisK(9.93g,0.046mol)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,10.34g,0.024mol)、4,4’-二羟基四苯基甲烷(24.67g,0.050mol)、无水碳酸钾(12.57g,0.091mol)、126mL DMSO和63mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.01dl/g。
实施例24
Z50-FL50/30(JC58-123):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:BisK(19.85g)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,16.47g)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(22.77g)、BisZ(17.44g)、无水碳酸钾(23.36g)、240mL DMSO和120mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.74dl/g。
实施例25
Z75-FL25/30(JC58-124):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:BisK(19.85g)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,16.47g)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(11.39g)、Bisz(26.16g)、无水碳酸钾(23.36g)、240mLDMSO和120mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为0.63dl/g。
实施例26
Z25-FL75/30(JC58-125):
使用下列组成,按照类似实施例1中描述的方法合成所述聚合物:BisK(19.85g)、3,3’-二磺化-4,4’-二氟二苯酮(SBisK,16.47)、9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(34.16g)、BisZ(8.72g)、无水碳酸钾(23.36g)、240mLDMSO和120mL甲苯。该聚合物在DMAc(0.25g/dl)中的特性粘度为1.05dl/g。
实施例27
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-(1,4-苯基二亚异丙基)二苯酚(17.30g)、BisK(7.0915g)、S-BisK(7.3885g)和无水碳酸钾(9.0g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度为大约20%)。在搅拌下,将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在140℃下保持6小时,然后升高至173-175℃并保持6小时。将反应混和物从甲醇中沉淀,得到粗产物。
电导率:0.0168S/cm(0.0436S/cm,煮沸的),在8M甲醇中的溶胀率(以面积计):67%,8M甲醇的透过率:0.013mg/min.ml.mls。
实施例28
在一个装有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气入口和迪安-斯达克榻分水器/冷凝器的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,将4,4’-(1,4-苯基二亚异丙基)二苯酚(17.30g)、BisK(7.637g)、S-BisK(6.333g)、无水碳酸钾(9.0g)溶解在DMSO和甲苯的混合物中(固体浓度大约20%)。在搅拌下将混合物加热至甲苯回流,在140℃下保持6小时,然后升高至173-175℃并保持6小时。将反应混和物从甲醇中沉淀,得到粗产物。
电导率:0.00786S/cm(0.0315S/cm,煮沸的),在8M甲醇中的溶胀率(以面积计):41%,8M甲醇的透过率:0.011mg/min.ml.mls。
在整个说明书(包括背景)中引用的所有参考文献通过整体引用具体地结合在本文中。
虽然已经参考优选的实施方案对本发明作出描述,但本领域的技术人员应当理解,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以在形式和细节上对其作出改变。

Claims (16)

1.一种具有下式的磺化共聚物:
Figure A038163490002C1
其中R为单键,式CnH2n-2的脂环,
-S-, -CH2-,
-O-,
Figure A038163490002C7
Figure A038163490002C8
其中a、b、c和d是共聚物中单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01-1;并且
其中X是阳离子或质子。
2.权利要求1的磺化共聚物,其中R是亚异丙基或亚环己基。
3.一种质子交换膜(PEM),所述质子交换膜包含权利要求1的磺化共聚物。
4.一种涂布了催化剂的膜(CCM),所述涂布了催化剂的膜包含权利要求3的质子交换膜,其中所述质子交换膜的相对面中至少一面全部或部分包含催化剂层。
5.一种膜-电极组(MEA),所述膜-电极组包含权利要求4的涂布了催化剂的膜。
6.一种燃料电池,所述燃料电池包含权利要求5的膜-电极组。
7.一种电子装置,所述电子装置包含权利要求6的燃料电池。
8.权利要求3的质子交换膜,其中所述R是异丙基或环己基。
9.一种具有下式的磺化共聚物:
Figure A038163490003C1
其中R1或R2为单键,式CnH2n-2的脂环,
-CH2-, -O-,
Figure A038163490004C3
Figure A038163490004C6
其中R3是芳基酮、芳基砜、芳基腈和取代的芳基腈;
其中a、b、c和d是共聚物中单体的摩尔分数,各自独立为0.01-1;并且
其中X是阳离子或氢原子。
10.权利要求8的磺化共聚物,其中R1和R2独立地为环己基或芴基且R3是芳基酮。
11.一种质子交换膜(PEM),所述质子交换膜包含权利要求9的磺化共聚物。
12.一种涂布了催化剂的膜(CCM),所述涂布了催化剂的膜包含权利要求11的质子交换膜,其中所述质子交换膜的至少一个相对面的全部或部分包含催化剂层。
13.一种膜-电极组(MEA),所述膜-电极组包含权利要求12的涂布了催化剂的膜。
14.一种燃料电池,所述燃料电池包含权利要求13的膜-电极组。
15.一种电子装置,所述电子装置包含权利要求14的燃料电池。
16.一种制备磺化聚合物的方法,所述方法包括下面步骤:
将第一种单体、第二种共聚单体、第三种共聚单体以及第四种共聚单体结合,其中所述第一种单体具有至少一个磺酸根和至少两个离去基团,所述第二种共聚单体具有至少两个能置换所述第一种单体的至少一个离去基团的基团,所述第三种共聚单体具有至少两个离去基团,所述第四种共聚单体具有至少两个能和所述第一种共聚单体或所述第三种共聚单体的离去基团反应的置换基团,当所述第四种共聚单体使得所述第二种共聚单体的至少一个置换基团能置换所述第三种共聚单体的至少一个离去基团,其中
所述第一种共聚单体形成-SO3-Ar-C(O)-Ar-SO3-O-,
所述第二种共聚单体形成-Ar-R1-Ar-O-,
所述第三种共聚单体形成-Ar-R2-Ar-O-,和
所述第四种共聚单体形成-R3-O,
其中R1和R2独立地选自下面的基团:
-S-
Figure A038163490006C2
-CH2-,
Figure A038163490006C3
-O-,
Figure A038163490006C4
Figure A038163490006C5
Figure A038163490006C6
R3是芳基酮、芳基砜、芳基腈和取代的芳基腈。
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