CN1647626A - Trichogramma artificial propagation production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Trichogramma artificial propagation production method, comprising the following steps: (1) Production of host eggs: selection and storage of tussah cocoons; heating of cocoons; harvesting and storage of moths; Disinfection and drying; (2) Breeding of bee species; (3) Inoculation of bees; (4) Laying eggs and screening out adult bees; (5) Development and cultivation; (6) Cleaning of products; (7) Card making; ( 8) Bee card preservation; (9) Warm card release. By adopting the technical scheme provided by the present invention, the selection of dominant bee species and bee breeding technology have been improved, high-quality, high-efficiency, and large-scale breeding of Trichogramma have been realized, and large-scale production can be carried out. It is applied to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests, Control agricultural and forestry pests such as cotton bollworm to meet the needs of production.

Description

Trichogramma artificial propagation production method

technical field

The invention relates to a bee breeding production process, in particular to a Trichogramma artificial breeding production process, which belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests.

Background technique

With the advancement of human science and technology, the implementation of sustainable agriculture has begun to become the consensus of all countries in the world. Continuous and reasonable use and allocation of resources, development of agricultural production, and development of pollution-free plant protection technologies to protect and improve the environment are beyond reproach. In foreign countries, in the control of crop pests, they actively develop and utilize natural enemies, and develop in the direction of industrial production, commercialization and large-scale application of natural enemy products, gradually reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce their pollution to the environment and their toxicity to humans and animals. Maintain ecological balance and improve quality of life. The trend of modern agricultural development makes natural enemy products a popular commodity with good economic, social and ecological benefits. In recent years, the research and application of natural enemy insects at home and abroad have made great progress due to the development of technology. The biological and ecological characteristics of many types of natural enemy insects have been studied in depth, and their control potential for pests and their own effects have been explored. Larger and newer results have been achieved in the way of propagation and field application. The mass reproduction and release of Trichogramma is the most successful example of pest biological control in my country. However, in the production process of Trichogramma, in the original artificial large-scale breeding method, the selection of Trichogramma species and strains was ignored, and the utilization rate of host eggs, the prevention and treatment of bee diseases, and the control of bee breeding process were ignored. There are major problems in aseptic operation, reproduction and storage, product inspection and cleaning technology, etc., resulting in low production efficiency and difficult to guarantee product quality, which affects the production capacity of Trichogramma and the effect of field insect control.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and to propose a Trichogramma artificial reproduction production process, which realizes high-quality, high-efficiency, and large-scale breeding of Trichogramma to meet the needs of production.

The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a Trichogramma artificial propagation production method, comprising the following steps:

(1) Production of host eggs

a. Selection and storage of tussah cocoons: choose healthy tussah cocoons with no diseased pupae, tender pupae, female cocoon rate of more than 80%, and thousand-grain weight of more than 11 kg; store the selected tussah cocoons at 0°C ± 2°C, RH50 -70% of the cocoon preservation warehouses store cocoons in layers in cocoon beds, or in cocoon cages and cocoon baskets, and check regularly to ensure that the cocoons are evenly temperature-sensitive, free from heat, moisture, and mildew;

b. Heating the cocoon: Arrange the cocoon warming date according to the bee breeding plan. Before warming the cocoon, thread the cocoon into a string, that is, use a thin thread to pass through the floating hair at the tail of the cocoon, with the pedicle facing outward and downward, and thread the cocoon into a string , hang in the cocoon warming room, the temperature of the cocoon warming rises from low to high, the initial temperature is 10-12°C, gradually increase the temperature by 1-2°C per day, and keep stable when it rises to 20-22°C, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 25°C. ℃, RH60-75%;

c. Harvest moth storage: Male moths emerge earlier than female moths. In order to prevent male and female mating and stimulate female moths to lay eggs, first collect male moths, and then store eclosion female tussah moths at a low temperature of 0-2°C for 24- 48 hours;

d. Laparotomy and egg washing: first remove the head of the female moth, and then put her abdomen into the dissection machine to collect eggs by laparotomy. The eggs are rinsed to remove the insect fragments and capsule impurities mixed between the egg grains. , put it into the green egg removal machine to remove immature eggs, then rinse with water to remove the crushed immature eggs and broken egg shells, so that the green egg rate is reduced to below 3%;

e. Disinfection and drying of eggs: Send the cleaned eggs into the egg disinfection room, soak them in 0.1% Promoger solution for 8-12 minutes, take them out, and dry them in a dryer before entering the egg drying workshop to dry in the shade;

(2) Breeding of bee species

Collect Trichogramma queens that parasitize the eggs of target pests from nature, place the collected Trichogrammas at a temperature of 23-25°C and RH. After 1 to 2 generations of continuous breeding, impurities are removed and purified, and excellent Trichogrammas are selected by testing their parasitism rate, emergence rate, fecundity, sex ratio, storage characteristics and ability to search for eggs of target pests. Bee species, after the dominant bee species is determined, after a generation of reproduction, when the larvae develop to the middle stage of the larvae, they are immediately stored at 2-4°C and RH 50-60% until the bee species is used for breeding, or the bee species is multiplied. In order to accumulate enough Trichogramma bee species, the species-egg ratio is 1:35-40 when multiplying and receiving bees, and the spawning time of bees is 12-24 hours, and the indoor temperature is 25-27°C, RH80-85% After 12-24 hours of laying eggs, send the bee egg tray to 25°C, RH.60-70% bee species development room for development. , RH.50 ~ 60% under the condition of storage for later use;

(3) Inoculation of bees: the number of Trichogrammas: the number of host eggs is 1: 25-35 to inoculate the bees, and the inoculation method adopts the method of inoculating bees in shallow plates mixed with seed eggs and host eggs;

(4) Oviposition and sieve out adult bees: Oviposition requires Trichogramma to lay eggs quietly in the spawning room for 24-48 hours under the dark conditions of 25-27°C and RH85-90%, then sieve out the adult bees And remove the egg shell;

(5) Development and cultivation: The host eggs that have completed the oviposition process of Trichogramma are transported into the development room for cultivation. The development room simulates the natural temperature conditions in the field during the control of target pests. The host eggs develop to mature larvae and are sent to the cleaning room for cleaning. select;

(6) Cleaning of products: cleaning the finished bee eggs that are lower than the quality requirements, removing non-parasitic eggs and green eggs, so that the product quality reaches the required standard (attached), and putting qualified bee eggs into 2 ~ Store in cold storage at 4°C, RH50-70%;

(7) Card making: Choose paper with strong toughness and good glue, and latex glue with good viscosity and easy drying. Use a glue applicator to brush the latex glue evenly on the paper, and then put the well-developed Trichogramma parasitic eggs, Firmly stick to the paper, just dry in the shade;

(8) Preservation of bee cards: hang the bee cards after drying and store them under the conditions of 2-4°C and RH60-70%;

(9) Warming card release: before releasing the bees, the bee cards are heated and developed under the above-mentioned Trichogramma growth temperature and humidity conditions. The heating time is based on the development progress of the pests controlled by each bee release unit, and after comprehensive consideration of local weather forecasts and other conditions. Sure.

Preferably, the inoculated bees are carried out according to the ratio of the number of Trichogramma : the number of host eggs is 1:30.

The present invention has the following advantages: the utilization rate of host tussah eggs is improved, the technical content of bee species selection is increased, the disease in the process of Trichogramma reproduction is effectively controlled, aseptic operation is basically achieved, and Trichogramma reproduction is explored. The optimal temperature and humidity conditions and quality control technology at each stage have achieved high-quality, high-efficiency, and large-scale breeding of Trichogramma, which is used to control agricultural and forestry pests such as corn borer and cotton bollworm.

Adopting the scheme provided by the present invention makes the production of the natural enemy insect Trichogramma not subject to seasonal restrictions, making full use of workshops, equipment, manpower, etc., greatly improving the mechanization of the production process and the level of artificial climate control, reducing costs, and perfecting the dominant bee species The selection, multiplication and storage technology can produce high-quality Trichogramma on a large scale in a factory to meet the needs of production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the Trichogramma artificial propagation production method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: Trichogramma artificial propagation production method.

According to the control area, the technical requirements of bee breeding and field release, such as the amount of bees released, the number of bees released, the date of bees released, etc., the artificial breeding production plan of Trichogramma was formulated. Specifically, it is mainly based on the occurrence period and occurrence of target pests over the years to initially determine the release date, area and quantity of bees, and then determine the heating date and quantity of bees according to the release date, and at the same time coordinate the release and heating of tussah silkworms date and quantity. Referring to accompanying drawing 1, the Trichogramma artificial propagation production method step is as follows:

1. Production and utilization of host eggs

In the process of mass breeding of Trichogramma in factory, the quality of caesarean eggs of its host - tussah silkworm directly affects the production cost, the quantity and quality of breeding bees.

(1) Selection and storage of tussah cocoons

Choose healthy tussah cocoons with no diseased or tender pupae, a female cocoon rate of more than 80%, and a thousand-grain weight of more than 11 kilograms. Be careful not to use temperature-sensitive cocoons and frozen cocoons. Store the selected tussah cocoons at a temperature of 0°C±2°C, RH of 60%, and a cocoon preservation warehouse with good thermal insulation performance. The cocoons are stored in layers in the warehouse with cocoon beds or in cocoon cages and cocoon baskets. , and regular inspections to ensure that the cocoon senses even temperature and does not generate heat, moisture, or mildew.

(2) Cocoon heating

Arrange the cocoon warming date according to the bee breeding plan. Before warming the cocoon, use a thin thread to pass through the floating hair at the tail of the cocoon, thread the cocoon into a string with the pedicle facing outward and downward, and hang it in the cocoon warming room. Warming cocoon temperature rises from low to high, the initial temperature is 10, gradually increase the temperature by 1-2°C per day, and keep stable when it rises to 20-22°C, the highest is not more than 25°C, and the relative humidity is kept at 60%; In the process of cocooning, special personnel should be set up to manage it, and the temperature must not fluctuate. Observe and record the temperature and humidity day and night, control the eclosion date of tussah moths, keep the air in the warm cocoon room fresh, clean the ground, and often use fungicides for disinfection.

(3) Collecting moths for eggs

Silkworm moths generally emerge in the afternoon, and male moths emerge earlier than female moths. In order to prevent male and female mating and stimulate female moths to lay eggs, first collect male moths, and then store eclosion female tussah moths at a low temperature of 0-2°C for 30 hours .

(4) Laparotomy and egg washing

In order to ensure the cleanliness of the eggs, the head of the female moth is removed first, and then her abdomen is placed in a dissection machine to collect the eggs by laparotomy. After the eggs are rinsed to remove impurities such as worm fragments and capsules mixed between the eggs, they are placed in a green egg removal machine to remove immature eggs, and then rinsed with water to remove crushed immature eggs and broken egg shells. Reduced green egg rate to below 3%.

(5) Disinfection and drying of eggs

Send the cleaned eggs into the egg disinfection room, soak them in 10% Promogeril solution for 10 minutes, take them out, dry them in a spin dryer, and then enter the egg drying workshop to dry in the shade.

2. Breeding of bee species

Collect the Trichogramma queen parasitic in the egg of the target pest from nature, place it at a temperature of 25°C and RH.70% for development, emerge as a queen, transfer it to an intermediate host egg, and continue breeding for one generation before removing impurities Purification, and through its parasitism rate, eclosion rate, fecundity, sex ratio, storage characteristics and ability to search for target pest eggs, the selection of bee species is carried out to select excellent Trichogramma bee species. After the dominant bee species is determined, after a generation of reproduction, when the larvae develop to the middle stage of the larvae, they are immediately stored at a temperature of 2-4°C and RH 60% until the bee species breeds for later use, or the bee species is propagated to accumulate enough red The number of eye bees species. Bee seeds can be placed in test tubes or other containers, and the storage temperature must be accurate and stable. From the collection and selection of bee species to the production of a large number of production bees, it has undergone 6 times of multiplication. Propagation and inoculation of bee species, the egg ratio is 1:40, the bee spawning time is 20 hours, the indoor temperature is 26°C, RH80%, after 20 hours of spawning, the bee egg tray is sent to the temperature 25°C, humidity RH.65 % bee species development room for development, when the parasitic wasps in the tussah silkworm eggs develop to the middle stage of larvae, they should be stored at 2-4°C and RH.50-60% in time for use; Eggs and tussah eggs are reproduced alternately, adult bees are alternated with mixed bee inoculation methods, and the proportion of bees inoculated by bees is strictly controlled to ensure the appropriate number of single egg bees (50-70 heads) to cultivate strong bees.

3. Receiving bees: according to the number of Trichogramma species: the ratio of the number of host eggs is 1:30, carry out bee receiving, the number of single egg bees should be controlled at 70-90 heads, and the parasitic rate, eclosion rate, number of single egg bees and Considering the ratio of male to female comprehensively, mixed inoculation was carried out when 10% of the seed bees emerged, and the inoculation time was 28 hours.

4. Breeding bees lay eggs and sieve out adult bees: the spawning room requires 25-27°C, RH85-90% dark conditions, Trichogramma lays eggs quietly in the spawning room for 28 hours, then sieves out the adult bees And remove the egg shell;

5. Development and cultivation: The host eggs that have completed the oviposition process of Trichogramma are transported to the development room for cultivation. The development room simulates the natural temperature conditions in the field during the control of target pests. The host eggs develop to mature larvae and are sent to the cleaning room for cleaning. ;

6. Product cleaning: Clean the finished bee eggs that are lower than the quality requirements, remove the non-parasitic eggs and green eggs, and make the product quality meet the required standards; provide the green egg rate after cleaning the host eggs, oviposition and development every day And a comprehensive quality inspection report on the parasitism rate, eclosion rate and number of single-egg bees at each stage after cleaning, and report quality problems in production in a timely manner. After cleaning, the parasitic eggs must pass the inspection and mark the inspection results before they can be stored in a cold storage at 2-4°C, RH 60%, and registered.

7. Card making: Choose paper with strong toughness and good gluing and latex glue with good viscosity and easy drying. Use a glue applicator to brush the latex glue evenly on the paper, and then put the well-developed Trichogramma parasitic eggs on the paper firmly. stick to the paper and dry in the shade;

8. Cold storage of bee cards: hang the dried bee cards in a cold storage at 2-4°C and RH 65%;

9. Warm card release: Before releasing the bees, the bee cards are heated and developed under the above-mentioned Trichogramma growth temperature and humidity conditions. The heating time is determined according to the development progress of the pests controlled by each bee releasing unit, and the local weather forecast and other conditions. .

In the production process, the main links are equipped with special equipment, such as egg picking machine, green egg squeezing machine, dehydrator, winnowing machine, separator, glue coating machine, etc. Important production processes, such as receiving bees and laying eggs, are connected in circles. The artificial climate such as the spawning room and the development room are automatically controlled and aseptically operated, basically forming a large-scale factory breeding Trichogramma production line mainly based on mechanical artificial climate control, which has reached the international leading level. In the process of large-scale industrial bee breeding, the infection of Trichogramma and host eggs by various pathogenic bacteria is becoming more and more serious, resulting in a significant decrease in the parasitism rate and eclosion rate, a decrease in the breeding efficiency, an increase in production costs, and even damage to the breeding bees. fail. There is an urgent need to provide effective comprehensive control measures in production. During the reproduction and production process of Trichogramma, the host egg, room and equipment were sterilized with concentration of bromogeramine, concentration of potassium permanganate and ultraviolet lamp respectively.

Claims (2)

1. A Trichogramma artificial propagation production method, comprising the following steps: (1) Production of host eggs a. Selection and storage of tussah cocoons: choose healthy tussah cocoons with no diseased pupae, tender pupae, female cocoon rate of more than 80%, and thousand-grain weight of more than 11 kg; store the selected tussah cocoons at 0°C ± 2°C, RH50 -70% of the cocoon preservation warehouses store cocoons in layers in cocoon beds, or in cocoon cages and cocoon baskets, and check regularly to ensure that the cocoons are evenly temperature-sensitive, free from heat, moisture, and mildew; b. Heating the cocoon: Arrange the cocoon warming date according to the bee breeding plan. Before warming the cocoon, thread the cocoon into a string, that is, use a thin thread to pass through the floating hair at the tail of the cocoon, with the pedicle facing outward and downward, and thread the cocoon into a string , hang in the cocoon warming room, the temperature of the cocoon warming rises from low to high, the initial temperature is 10-12°C, gradually increase the temperature by 1-2°C per day, and keep stable when it rises to 20-22°C, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 25°C. ℃, RH60-75%; c. Harvest moth storage: Male moths emerge earlier than female moths. In order to prevent male and female mating and stimulate female moths to lay eggs, collect male moths first, and then store eclosion female tussah moths at a low temperature of 0-2°C for 24- 48 hours; d. Laparotomy and egg washing: first remove the head of the female moth, and then put her abdomen into the dissection machine to collect eggs by laparotomy. The eggs are rinsed to remove the insect fragments and capsule impurities mixed between the egg grains. , put it into the green egg removal machine to remove immature eggs, then rinse with water to remove the crushed immature eggs and broken egg shells, so that the green egg rate is reduced to below 3%; e. Disinfection and drying of eggs: Send the cleaned eggs into the egg disinfection room, soak them in 0.1% Promoger solution for 8-12 minutes, take them out, and dry them in a dryer before entering the egg drying workshop to dry in the shade; (2) Breeding of bee species Collect Trichogramma queens parasitic in the eggs of target pests from nature, place the collected Trichogrammas at a temperature of 23-25°C and RH. After 1 to 2 generations of continuous breeding, impurities are removed and purified, and excellent Trichogrammas are selected by testing their parasitism rate, emergence rate, fecundity, sex ratio, storage characteristics and ability to search for eggs of target pests. Bee species, after the dominant bee species is determined, after a generation of reproduction, when the larvae develop to the middle stage of the larvae, they are immediately stored at 2-4°C and RH 50-60% until the bee species is used for breeding, or the bee species is propagated. In order to accumulate enough Trichogramma species, the species-to-egg ratio is 1:35-40 when multiplying and receiving bees, and the egg-laying time is 12-24 hours. The indoor temperature is 25-27°C, RH80-85%. 12-24 hours after laying eggs, send the bee egg tray into the bee development room at 25°C, RH.60-70% for bee species development. , RH.50 ~ 60% under the condition of storage for later use; (3) Inoculation of bees: the number of Trichogrammas: the number of host eggs is 1: 25-35 to inoculate the bees, and the inoculation method adopts the method of inoculating bees in shallow plates mixed with seed eggs and host eggs; (4) Oviposition and sieve out adult bees: Oviposition requires Trichogramma to lay eggs quietly in the spawning room for 24-48 hours under the dark conditions of 25-27°C and RH85-90%, then sieve out the adult bees And remove the egg shell; (5) Development and cultivation: The host eggs that have completed the oviposition process of Trichogramma are transported into the development room for cultivation. The development room simulates the natural temperature conditions in the field during the control of target pests. The host eggs develop to mature larvae and are sent to the cleaning room for cleaning. select; (6) Cleaning of products: cleaning the finished bee eggs that are lower than the quality requirements, removing non-parasitic eggs and green eggs, so that the product quality reaches the required standard (attached), and putting qualified bee eggs into 2 ~ Store in cold storage at 4°C, RH50-70%; (7) Card making: Choose paper with strong toughness and good glue, and latex glue with good viscosity and easy drying. Use a glue applicator to brush the latex glue evenly on the paper, and then put the well-developed Trichogramma parasitic eggs, Firmly stick to the paper, just dry in the shade; (8) Preservation of bee cards: hang the bee cards after drying and store them under the conditions of 2-4°C and RH60-70%; (9) Warming card release: before releasing the bees, the bee cards are heated and developed under the above-mentioned Trichogramma growth temperature and humidity conditions. The heating time is based on the development progress of the pests controlled by each bee release unit, and after comprehensive consideration of local weather forecasts and other conditions. Sure. 2. The production process of Trichogramma artificial propagation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the number of Trichogrammas: the number of host eggs is 1:30.