CN108056070B - Method for breeding trichogramma by using snowflake moth - Google Patents
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding trichogramma by using snow moth eggs as hosts, and discloses a novel insect egg suitable for industrial production of various trichogramma. The method of the invention is simple and convenient to feed, and the artificial feed can feed; the reproductive capacity is high, and the egg laying amount of the single moth is about 600-1000 eggs; the eggs are large, the diameter of the eggs is about 0.7mm, and 3-4 trichogramma can be bred by a single egg; the generation period is short, and about 50 days are needed from eggs to adults; the eggs are large and easy to separate, and the eggs are produced in single egg blocks and easy to collect; the eggshell is thicker, is convenient for bee receiving, packaging and transportation, has strong activity after trichogramma parasitism and other advantages, and has great advantages and wide market demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding trichogramma by using snow moth eggs as hosts, discloses novel insect eggs suitable for industrial production of various trichogramma, and belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests.
Background
Trichogramma is the most widely used insect as a natural enemy of egg parasitism worldwide. Except adult trichogramma, the trichogramma passes through host eggs in other periods, so that the key of industrial breeding of the trichogramma is to obtain suitable host eggs. The intermediate host suitable for factory production has the following characteristics: 1) insect eggs can be parasitized by the trichogramma species and are also favourite; 2) after the trichogramma oviposits, the offspring can successfully complete the development in the host eggs and emerge; 3) the nutrition of the host egg liquid can meet the development requirement of parasitic wasps; 4) the egg volume is relatively large and more suitable, and the bee breeding efficiency is high; 5) the eggshell has better hardness and toughness and is resistant to storage and transportation; 5) the host insects have strong self-reproduction capacity and large egg laying amount; 6) the feed for raising hosts is easy to obtain and low in price; 8) the host can be subcultured in successive years.
In the early stages of trichogramma research, the scholars of our country made a lot of research and practical work on the selection of insect host eggs. In 1935, it was observed that eggs of 14 lepidopteran insects were selected by wasps. Since the 50 s, Mr. Puzhelong selected 17 lepidoptera insects such as wheat moth, mediterranean pink moth, rice moth, pine moth, and castor silkworm which can be collected locally, and carried out the trichogramma parasitism test. Except for the paddy rice tryporyza incertulas, other insect eggs can be parasitized by trichogramma, 5 insect eggs such as the wheat moth egg, the castor silkworm egg, the pine moth egg, the gray moth egg, the black cutworm egg and the like which are easily obtained are tried to breed the trichogramma, and the relative advantage of the castor silkworm egg is considered to be larger, so the trichogramma breeding work with the castor silkworm egg as the intermediate host egg is developed. In 1962, Linlianxin and the like find that the Antheraea pernyi eggs can be used for breeding the yellow trichogramma, and compared with castor silkworm eggs, the Antheraea pernyi eggs have higher bee breeding efficiency, are rich in Antheraea pernyi resources and low in price and are easy to obtain. Since 1972, trichogramma has begun to be widely applied across the country, and the trichogramma and yellow trichogramma bred by the tussah eggs are utilized to control various agricultural and forestry pests such as corn borers, rice stem borers, rice leaf rollers, soybean pod borers, cotton bollworms, pine moth, yellow spine moths and the like.
Although the specific large egg resources and bee breeding technology in China greatly promote the utilization research of trichogramma in China, the utilized bee species are only limited to a few bee species such as trichogramma dendrolimi and yellow trichogramma, and some excellent bee species such as rice stem borer trichogramma and corn stem borer trichogramma which are not suitable for the reproduction of tussah eggs cannot be well utilized in production. In 1978, in order to solve the problems of north-south difference of the eggs of the intermediate hosts, utilization of high-quality bee species and the like, scientific researchers put forward a development path combining large and small eggs, and research on artificial feeding and utilization of rice moth eggs is carried out. For example, the key technical links of industrial mass production of the rice moth eggs by breeding bees are the patent application No. 94118570.2 and the patent application No. 99111515.5 of "a process for mass production of rice moth", and a series of techniques for collecting the eggs of the rice moth are also developed successively. However, because the rice moth has a long development period, the propagation multiple of the existing breeding mode can reach about 100 times, and the trichogramma bred by the rice moth eggs cannot be stored for a long time, so that a large amount of rice moth eggs need to be produced in a short time for the trichogramma to parasitize, and certain pressure is caused to the production space and the production cost. Meanwhile, bee breeding technologies based on the spodoptera exigua eggs and other insects such as asparagus caterpillar eggs, armyworm eggs and the like are also available, such as a technology for industrially producing trichogramma by using the spodoptera exigua eggs, a patent number of ZL 02129344.9, an artificial breeding production method of the rice borer trichogramma, an application number of CN201410354251.X, an artificial breeding production method of the rice borer trichogramma, and an application number of CN201611118429.6, but the bee breeding technologies are difficult to popularize and apply in production due to the limitation of various conditions. The host eggs of the bee breeding are mainly the eggs of the wheat moth and the pink moth egg which are commonly used abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding trichogramma by using snowflake moth eggs as hosts, and discloses a new trichogramma breeding host. Can breed a plurality of trichogramma species such as the rice borer trichogramma, the corn borer trichogramma, the armyworm trichogramma and the like, and prevent and control a plurality of agricultural and forestry pests.
The invention relates to a method for breeding trichogramma by using snowflake moth eggs as hosts, which adopts the technical scheme that:
1. production of eggs of snow moth
1.1, placing the white snowmoth eggs to be hatched into an insect culture dish fully paved with feed (the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the feed according to a certain formula ratio, adding agar, heating to melt, uniformly paving the mixture on the bottom surface of the insect culture dish to form a thin layer, cooling, integrating the feed and the insect culture dish into a whole), inverting the insect culture dish after the larvae begin to eclosion and begin to take food, and cleaning excrement at the bottom every day until the larvae are 3 years old; marking the date of each batch of the insect-raising dishes, and feeding the insect-raising dishes in an incubation chamber for 10-15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
1.2 transferring the 3 rd instar larva into a breeding box (shown in figure 1) in a breeding room for three-dimensional breeding. The breeding box is divided into five parts, namely a box cover, a box body, a feces filtering net, a feces containing box (pupation box) and a feed grid, wherein the feed grid is filled with feed and inserted into the breeding box, 3-instar larvae are transferred into the breeding box, and the larvae can automatically crawl to the grid to take feed and discharge feces; excrement leaks into the excrement containing box through the excrement filtering net, the excrement is cleaned every day until the larva is end to eat, the excrement filtering net is taken down, the box body is directly communicated with the pupation box, and materials such as paper scraps and the like are spread in the pupation box for pupation of the larva; the temperature of the breeding chamber is 25-30 deg.C, and the relative humidity is 60-70%. Before pupation, keeping the relative dryness of the breeding room with relative humidity of 40-60%;
1.3 spinning and cocooning for 2-3 days, after the cocoons are completely pupated, stripping the pupae from the thin cocoons, sterilizing the cocoons for about 20 minutes by using 4 percent formaldehyde solution, and naturally drying the cocoons in the air;
1.4, putting the sterilized pupae into a low-temperature refrigeration house for storage and accumulation, and taking out and heating in batches in a planned way before the pest emergence period, wherein the pupation period is about 10 days; the refrigerating temperature is 3 +/-1 ℃, the heating temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
1.5 before eclosion of pupae, putting the pupae into an oviposition cage of an oviposition room, and suspending an oviposition medium in the oviposition cage, wherein the oviposition medium can be paper with a rough surface, cotton or hemp fabric; the imagoes after eclosion for 1-3 days are mated and begin to lay eggs on the egg laying medium. Replacing new egg laying medium every day and taking out eggs; the temperature of the spawning room is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
1.6, gently brushing eggs on an oviposition medium by using a brush, and performing ultraviolet inactivation; namely irradiating for 20-40 minutes by using an ultraviolet lamp; then preparing egg cards or loose eggs for parasitizing the trichogramma by laying eggs;
2. producing trichogramma
2.1 inoculating the trichogramma in a dark room, putting the prepared trichogramma bee seeds and fresh eggs into an inoculating box or a can bottle according to a certain proportion for inoculation and parasitism under the condition of full darkness, and removing the bee seeds after 48 hours; the bee-joining chamber temperature is 26 + -1 deg.C, and the relative humidity is 65-80%;
2.2, performing development culture, transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a development room to develop for 3-4 days until the pupation stage; the temperature of the development room is 20-25 ℃, L: d =16:8, relative humidity 60-70%;
2.3, refrigerating for later use, wherein the storage temperature is 3-10 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
and 2.4, packaging and releasing, namely accurately mastering the occurrence time of the pests according to prediction, taking out the refrigerated parasitic eggs in advance, heating the eggs in a development room until the eggs are quickly emerged, and then preparing the eggs into cards or loose eggs to be placed in a bee placer for field release.
The method for breeding trichogramma by using the snow moth eggs as hosts can artificially breed a plurality of trichogramma such as rice borer trichogramma, corn borer trichogramma, mythic insect trichogramma, borer yellow trichogramma and the like.
Can be used for preventing and treating rice stem borer, corn borer, soybean pod borer, sugarcane borer and other lepidoptera pests.
The invention has the positive effects that: discloses a new trichogramma breeding host-snowflake moth, which has the advantages of multiple breeding varieties, high breeding efficiency, low cost and the like compared with the existing trichogramma breeding technology. The invention is simple and convenient to feed, and the artificial feed can feed; the reproductive capacity is high, and the egg laying amount of the single moth is about 600-1000 eggs; the eggs are large, the diameter of the eggs is about 0.7mm, and 3-4 trichogramma can be bred by a single egg; the generation period is short, and about 50 days are needed from eggs to adults; the eggs are large and easy to separate, and the eggs are produced in single egg blocks and easy to collect; the eggshell is thicker, is convenient for bee receiving, packaging and transportation, has strong activity after trichogramma parasitism and other advantages, and has great advantages and wide market demand.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the feeding box of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which do not limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications or changes that can be easily made by a person skilled in the art to the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1
Production of rice borer trichogramma for preventing and treating rice stem borer
1. Ovum of snow moth
1.1 breeding the snowmoth, wherein the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65%;
breeding 1.23-year-old larva, namely putting the snowmoth eggs to be hatched into a dish full of feed for breeding insects, and covering the dish with a toilet paper pad to prevent the small larva from escaping. Inverting the insect culture vessel after all the larvae are incubated on the 2 nd day; 100 larvae are placed in each insect culture dish;
transferring the 3-instar larva into a feeding box for three-dimensional feeding; firstly, the feed grids 5 are filled with feed and inserted into a feeding box, larvae of 3 years old are transferred into the feeding box, and the larvae can crawl to the grids 5 to take feed and excrete excrement; excrement leaks into the excrement containing box 4 through the excrement filtering net 3, the excrement is cleaned every day until the larva is end to eat, the excrement filtering net 3 is taken down, the box body 2 and the pupation box 4 are directly communicated, and materials such as paper scraps are spread in the pupation box 4 for pupation of the larva; feeding in an incubation room at 25-30 deg.C and relative humidity of 60-70% for 20-25 days; before pupation, keeping the relative dryness of the breeding room with relative humidity of 40-60%;
the breeding box is divided into a box cover 1, a box body 2, a feces filtering net 3, a feces containing box (pupation box) 4 and a feed grid 5, the feed grid 5 is filled with feed and inserted into the breeding box, 3-year-old larvae are transferred into the breeding box, and the larvae can crawl to the grid 5 to take feed and excrete feces;
1.3 when the larvae grow to 3 years old, the larvae are transferred into the breeding boxes for breeding, about 500 plus 2000 larvae are placed in each breeding box, and the number of the larvae can be adjusted at any time according to the size of the larvae. Before pupation, the breeding chamber is kept relatively dry until pupation is finished.
1.4 collecting pupae, spinning and cocooning for 2-3 days, separating the pupae from the thin cocoons after complete pupation, sterilizing for about 20 minutes by using 4% formaldehyde solution, and naturally drying;
1.5 before eclosion of pupae, every 500 pupae are put into an egg laying cage of an egg laying chamber in a group. The imagoes after eclosion for 1-3 days are mated and begin to lay eggs on the egg laying medium. Replacing new egg laying medium every day and taking out eggs;
1.6 gently brushing the eggs on the oviposition medium by a brush, collecting about 200ml of eggs, flatly paving the eggs on a paper surface, and irradiating the eggs for 30 minutes by a 15 watt ultraviolet lamp; then the eggs are made into egg cards or loose eggs for parasitizing the trichogramma by laying eggs.
2. Production of trichogramma of rice borer
2.1 inoculating the bees in a dark room, putting the prepared rice borer trichogramma bee seeds and fresh eggs into an inoculating bee box or a can bottle according to the proportion of 1: 10-15 in a full dark condition for inoculation and parasitism, and removing the bee seeds after 48 hours;
2.2, performing development culture, transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a development room to develop for 3-4 days to a prepupa period, and then transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a cold storage for refrigeration and accumulation;
2.3 heating for development, taking out the refrigerated parasitic eggs in advance according to the bee releasing time, heating in a development room until the eggs are quickly emerged, and then making the eggs into cards or scattering the eggs to be loaded into a bee releaser;
2.4 field release, namely filling 600 eggs (about 2000 heads of trichogramma) of the snowfall moths parasitizing the rice borers and the trichogramma into the bee placer; releasing in the egg generation period of rice stem borer; when the prevention and treatment are implemented, the quantity of trichogramma thrown in each mu of land is 18000, the trichogramma is thrown in 3 times, and the trichogramma is thrown once every 5 days and 6000 times each time.
Example 2
The trichogramma for producing the corn borer can prevent and control the corn borer.
1. The production of the eggs of the snowflake moth is the same as that in example 1.
2. Production of corn borer trichogramma
2.1, inoculating bees in a dark room, putting the prepared corn borer trichogramma bee seeds and fresh eggs into a bee inoculating box or a can bottle according to the proportion of 1: 20-25 in a full dark condition for inoculation and parasitism, and removing the bee seeds after 48 hours;
2.2, performing development culture, transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a development room to develop for 3-4 days to a prepupa period, and then transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a cold storage for refrigeration and accumulation;
2.3 heating for development, taking out the refrigerated parasitic eggs in advance according to the bee releasing time, heating in a development room until the eggs are quickly emerged, and then making the eggs into cards or scattering the eggs to be loaded into a bee releaser;
2.4 field release, and filling 600 eggs (about 2000 heads of trichogramma) parasitizing the snowfall moths of the corn borer trichogramma into the bee placer. Releasing in the egg producing period of corn borer; when the prevention and treatment are implemented, the trichogramma is thrown in 12000 heads per mu of land, 3 times of throwing is carried out, and the throwing is carried out once every 5 to 7 days, and 4000 heads of throwing is carried out each time.
Example 3
Production of yellow trichogramma for preventing and controlling sugarcane borers
1. The production of the snowflake moth eggs is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
2. producing yellow trichogramma
2.1 inoculating bees in a dark room, putting the prepared bee seeds of the borer trichogramma and fresh eggs into an inoculating bee box or a can bottle according to the proportion of 1: 25-30 for inoculation and parasitism, and removing the bee seeds after 48 hours;
2.2, performing development culture, transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a development room to develop for 3-4 days to a prepupa period, and then transferring the parasitized egg cards or egg grains to a cold storage for refrigeration and accumulation;
2.3 heating for development, taking out the refrigerated parasitic eggs in advance according to the bee releasing time, heating in a development room until the eggs are quickly emerged, and then making the eggs into cards or scattering the eggs to be loaded into a bee releaser;
2.4 field release, namely filling 600 eggs (about 2000 heads of trichogramma) of the snowfall moths parasitizing the yellow trichogramma of the borer into a bee placer; releasing at the egg generation stage of the sugarcane borers; when the prevention and treatment are implemented, the trichogramma is thrown into each mu of land with the quantity of 30000, 5 times of throwing is carried out, and 6000 times of throwing is carried out.
Example 4
Compared with the prior art and cost measurement
The existing production method of the rice borer trichogramma mainly uses rice moth eggs as intermediate host eggs and simultaneously uses diamond back moth eggs and armyworm eggs as hosts to breed the rice borer trichogramma. Although the plutella xylostella has short life cycle and high reproductive capacity and can obtain a large amount of eggs in a short period, the eggs are small, the bred rice borer trichogramma has poor quality and serious degeneration and is not easy to propagate for successive generations; the armyworm also has the advantages of high reproductive capacity and quick production, but because the armyworm eggs are laid in gaps and are not easy to collect, and the armyworm eggs are integrally adhered together, although the armyworm eggs can be scattered in an enzymolysis mode, the egg surface is seriously damaged, and parasitism is influenced; although the method for breeding the rice moth eggs is the most commonly used method at present, the method has the defects of low reproduction times, incomplete mature of adult moth and egg collection technology, hypersensitiveness caused by scale hair and the like. Therefore, screening a substitute host with high production efficiency is an important basis for preventing and controlling pests by using the trichogramma paddy. The snowfall moth has similar generation period under proper conditions compared with the rice moth, and generally lasts for about 60 days. However, the breeding multiple of the rice moth in the factory production is about 50 times, the breeding multiple of the snowfall moth is about 400 times, and meanwhile, the number of single egg bee-emerged can reach 3 times of the number of the rice moth. The comprehensive bee breeding times are 24 times of those of the rice moths and are far higher than the breeding efficiency of the rice moths; through the cost measurement of the snowflake moth raised on a large scale, the cost of each pupa is about 0.05 yuan compared with that of the armyworm, each pupa can lay eggs on average about 800 eggs, and the cost of each ten thousand eggs is about 1.25 yuan. And because the eggs of the snowflake moths are larger and the diameter is 0.6-0.8ml, the quality of the produced rice borer trichogramma is far higher than that of the rice moth eggs.
The above description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the scope of the appended claims should be determined by the description of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The application of the snowflake moth eggs as hosts in breeding trichogramma: the trichogramma comprises: rice borer trichogramma, corn borer trichogramma, armyworm trichogramma, and borer yellow trichogramma;
the breeding steps of the trichogramma are as follows:
1) production of eggs of snow moth
1.1) selecting white snowmoth eggs to be hatched, placing the white snowmoth eggs in an insect culture dish fully paved with feed, inverting the insect culture dish after the larvae begin to eclose and take food, and cleaning excrement at the bottom every day until the larvae are 3 years old; placing the insect-breeding dish in an incubation chamber under the conditions of 25-30 ℃ and 60-70% of relative humidity for breeding for 10-15 days;
1.2) transferring the 3 rd instar larva into a feeding box for three-dimensional feeding; the feed grids are filled with feed and inserted into the feeding box, the 3 rd larva is transferred into the feeding box, and the larva automatically crawls to the grids to take feed and discharge excrement; the excrement is leaked into the excrement containing box through the excrement filtering net, the excrement is cleaned every day until the larva is end to eat, the excrement filtering net is taken down to enable the box body and the pupation box to be directly communicated, and paper scraps are spread in the pupation box to enable the larva to pupate; feeding in an incubation room at 25-30 deg.C and relative humidity of 60-70% for 20-25 days; before pupation, keeping the relative dryness of the breeding room with relative humidity of 40-60%;
1.3) after spinning and cocooning for 2-3 days, separating the pupae from the thin cocoons after complete pupation, sterilizing the thin cocoons for about 20 minutes by using 4% formaldehyde solution, and naturally drying the thin cocoons in the air;
1.4) putting the disinfected pupa into a low-temperature refrigeration house for storage and accumulation, and taking out and heating in batches in a planned way before the pest emergence period, wherein the pupation period is 810 days; the refrigerating temperature is 3 +/-1 ℃, the heating temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
1.5) before eclosion of pupae, putting the pupae into a spawning cage of an egg laying chamber, and suspending a spawning medium in the spawning cage, wherein the spawning medium is one or more of paper with a rough surface, cotton or hemp fabrics; enabling adults to eclosion for 1-3 days and then mating to begin to lay eggs on a laying medium; replacing new egg laying medium every day and taking out eggs; the temperature of the spawning room is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
1.6) lightly brushing the eggs on the oviposition medium by a brush, collecting about 200mL of eggs to be flatly paved on a paper surface, and performing ultraviolet inactivation: irradiating with ultraviolet lamp for 20-40 min to obtain ovum card for parasitizing trichogrammatid;
2) producing trichogramma
2.1) inoculating the trichogramma in a darkroom, putting the prepared trichogramma bee seeds and fresh eggs into an inoculating and parasitizing box according to the proportion of 1: 25-30 under the condition of full darkness, and removing the bee seeds after 48 hours; the bee-joining chamber temperature is 26 + -1 deg.C, and the relative humidity is 65-80%;
2.2) carrying out development culture, transferring the parasitized egg cards to a development room to develop for 3-4 days until the pupation stage; the temperature of the development room is 20-25 ℃, the ratio of L to D is 16:8, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
2.3) refrigerating for standby, wherein the storage temperature is 3-10 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%;
2.4) packaging and releasing, accurately mastering the occurrence time of pests according to prediction, taking out the refrigerated parasitic eggs in advance, heating the eggs in a development room until the eggs emerge quickly, and then preparing cards and putting the cards into a bee placer for field release;
the trichogramma is used for preventing and controlling rice stem borers, corn borers, soybean pod borers, sugarcane borers and other various lepidoptera pests.
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| CN109156437A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-08 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | A kind of method of In Vitro Rearing of Trichogramma low-temperature storage |
| CN110506711B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2023-12-29 | 福建农林大学 | Parasitic wasp feeding device and using method thereof |
| CN112471082B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-04-25 | 湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司 | Broadband preferred aphid breeding method |
| IT202100001700A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-28 | Econher Srl | MULTIFUNCTIONAL MODULAR UNIT FOR THE BREEDING OF INSECTS AND FOR THE BIOTREATMENT OF AGRI-FOOD WASTE AND/OR ORGANIC WASTE AND RELATED TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR STORAGE AND ELECTROMECHANICAL HANDLING |
| CN112868607B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-12-16 | 闫丰军 | Method for controlling bad pupa disease of Chouioia cunea Yang breeding |
| CN114747545B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-05-02 | 南京农业大学 | Parasitic wasp population growth breeding optimization method based on magnetic biological effect |
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