CN1498816A - 电动自行车 - Google Patents

电动自行车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1498816A
CN1498816A CNA2003101013617A CN200310101361A CN1498816A CN 1498816 A CN1498816 A CN 1498816A CN A2003101013617 A CNA2003101013617 A CN A2003101013617A CN 200310101361 A CN200310101361 A CN 200310101361A CN 1498816 A CN1498816 A CN 1498816A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wheel
motor
braking
brake
regenerative
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Granted
Application number
CNA2003101013617A
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English (en)
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CN100453400C (zh
Inventor
横谷和展
明
青木英明
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
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    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
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    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

一种电动自行车，具有将由踏板给出的人力驱动力传递给后轮的人力驱动机构，和以驱动前轮的马达(8)为驱动源的电动驱动机构，在对后轮进行制动操作时，在制动后轮的同时，利用前轮的马达(8)作为发电机，对前轮进行再生制动。另外，具有将由踏板给出的人力驱动力传递给后轮的人力驱动机构，和以驱动车轮的马达为驱动源的电动驱动机构，并具有在进行制动器控制杆的操作时、利用上述马达(18)作为发电机，对车轮进行再生制动的第1制动状态，和与这样进行再生制动的同时、由制动机构制动的第2制动状态。这种电动自行车，通过对制动机构的操作，可在施加再生制动时消除急剧制动。

Description

电动自行车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动自行车。
背景技术
过去，在电动自行车中，具有为了驱动后车轮而以马达作为驱动源的电动驱动机构，并为了向该马达供应电力，而具有蓄电池等电源部分。
在特开2001-30974号中，公开有在下坡等的行驶时，当进行制动时，将由马达旋转产生的电力回收到电源部并对电源部进行充电的内容。
[专利文献1]特开2001-30974号公报
在上述以往例中，通过对制动机构的操作，施加由制动机构产生的制动和同时由再生制动产生的制动，这样形成急剧的制动。
另外，在进行后轮的制动操作时，对后轮施加由制动机构产生的制动，和由再生制动产生的制动，则对后轮形成急剧的制动。
本发明为解决这样的问题，其目的在于，通过对制动机构的操作，当施加再生制动时，消除急剧制动的发生。
发明内容
本发明的电动自行车，具有将由踏板给出的人力驱动力传递给后轮的人力驱动机构，和以驱动前轮的马达为驱动源的电动驱动机构，其特征在于：在对所述后轮进行制动操作时，在制动所述后轮的同时，利用所述前轮的所述马达作为发电机，对所述前轮进行再生制动。
另外，本发明的电动自行车，具有将由踏板给出的人力驱动力传递给后轮的人力驱动机构、和以驱动车轮的马达为驱动源的电动驱动机构，其特征在于：具有在进行制动器控制杆的操作时、利用所述马达作为发电机，对所述车轮进行再生制动的第1制动状态，和与这样进行再生制动的同时、由制动机构制动的第2制动状态。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一实施例的电动自行车的侧视图，(a)是整体的侧视图，(b)是后轮部分的放大侧视图(支架立起的状态)。
图2是本发明的一实施例的电动自行车的俯视图。
图3是本发明的一实施例的鼓型制动器的主要部分的剖视图。
图4是驱动在图1所示的电动自行车的马达的电路的方块图。
图5是本发明的一实施例的手边操作部的俯视图。
图6是表示图1所示的电动自行车的第1链轮的概略图。
图7是第1链轮的立体图。
图8是图7所示的第1链轮的背面立体图。
图9是第1链轮的概略剖视图。
图10是表示曲柄转矩传感器的另一例的概略图。
图11是再生开关的开关盒的剖视图，表示关闭状态。
图12是再生开关的开关盒的剖视图，表示打开状态。
图13是另一再生开关的开关盒的剖视图，表示关闭状态。
图14是另一再生开关的开关盒的剖视图，表示打开状态。
图中：1-车架，2-踏板曲柄，3-车轮，3A-前轮，3B-后轮，4-第1链轮，5-第2链轮，6-链条，7-前叉，8-前轮毂，9-马达，10-电池，11-踏板，12-锁，13-曲柄转矩传感器，14-旋转传感器，15-控制电路，16-手边操作部，17-制动器控制杆，18-再生开关，19-温度传感器，20-电流传感器，21-电压传感器，22-浸水传感器，23-把手，24-外轮，25-内轮，26-外周槽，27-凹部，28-驱动臂，28A、31-凸部，29-筒部，30、32-螺旋弹簧。
具体实施方式
图1所示的电动自行车，具有车架1、安装有装在该车架1的下端的踏板11的踏板曲柄2、由该踏板曲柄2带动旋转的第1链轮4和通过链条6由踏板曲柄2带动旋转的后轮3B。通过这样的人力驱动机构，能够将由踏板11给出的人力驱动力传递到后轮3B。
另外，还具有装入在前叉7的下端的前轮3A、内装在该前轮3A的前轮榖8中并驱动前轮3A的马达9和向该马达9供应电力的电池10。通过这样的电动驱动机构，以马达9作为驱动源驱动前轮3A。并且，在车架1的下端设置有内装着后述的控制电路15的控制箱42。
另外，如图2所示，在车把23上，与通常的自行车一样，将后制动器控制杆17B安装在骑车人的左侧，将前制动器控制杆17F安装在骑车人的右侧。并且，作为制动前轮3A的制动机构，在前叉7上，于前轮3A的轮缘处，设置有由压靠制动片而进行制动的侧制动器17X，通过握紧前制动器控制杆17F的操作，拉紧内钢丝，使侧制动器17X动作。另外，作为制动后轮3B的制动机构，在后轮3B的中心使用鼓式制动器17Y。
鼓式制动器17Y是公知的结构，如在图3的主要部分剖视图中所示，在固定于车架1上的固定轴F的周围，具有带与后轮3B同时自由旋转地设置的环状部71A的圆板状制动鼓71。并且，在制动鼓71的内侧，设置有通过后制动器控制杆17B的操作向外方向的、即滑动接触制动鼓71的环状部71A的内周并对制动鼓71的旋转(即、后轮3B的旋转)进行制动的制动片72。鼓式制动器17Y的外侧，覆盖着制动器保持部73。另外，制动器保持部73，将用于牢固地固定臂部73A向前方延伸出(参照图1)。并且，与该臂部73A相邻接，具有固定后制动钢丝57的外套管57b的固定部73B，内钢丝57a被固定在连接部件74上，连接部件74与操作制动片72的伸出杆(未图示)连接。另外，如图1(b)所示，在固定部73B上，如公知那样，设置有调整后制动钢丝57的长度的调整螺钉A、螺母B。根据这样的结构，通过握紧后制动器控制杆17B的操作，拉紧后制动钢丝57的内钢丝57a，连接部件74位移，使伸出杆动作，从而带动制动片72制动后轮3B。
该电动自行车，在踏下踏板11后，踏板曲柄2使第1链轮4旋转，第1链轮4通过链条6和第2链轮5使后轮3B旋转。在由踏板曲柄2驱动后轮3B时，检测由人力产生的转矩，对内装于前轮榖8中的马达9由电池10供应电力，马达9辅助地驱动前轮3A。电动自行车，在比设定速度慢的区域，使马达9驱动前轮3A的旋转转矩和踏板曲柄2驱动后轮3B的旋转转矩呈相等地来控制对马达9供应的电力。当自行车达到设定速度时，马达9不驱动车轮3。由马达9驱动前轮3A的电动自行车，在前轮3A处设置有锁12。该锁12以锁定的状态可靠地使前轮3A停止旋转。从而，在锁定锁12的状态，即使由误动作而马达9驱动前轮3A，前轮3A也不旋转。进一步，在本实施例中，也设置能够使后轮3B加锁的后轮用的锁12B。
图4是安装在图1的电动自行车上、由电池10向马达9供应电力的电路方块图。由该方块图表示的电动自行车，具有：检测由踏板11的踏力驱动车轮3的转矩的曲柄转矩传感器13，和驱动车轮3的马达9，和向该马达9供应电力的电池10，和连接在电池10和马达9之间、控制从电池10向马达9供应的电力的控制电路15。
进而，在该方块图的电动自行车中，将切换自行车的行驶状态的手边操作部16、检测操作自行车的制动器控制杆17并与特别设定再生制动的时间的后制动器控制杆17B的操作连动的再生开关18、检测在控制电路15中使用的电路元件等的温度的温度传感器19、检测电池10的电流和电压的电流传感器20和电压传感器21都连接到控制电路15上。
对于安装在把手23上的手边操作部16的功能及显示用图5进行说明。在图中，位于左侧的圆形的第1操作按钮41是进行电源接通、断开的开关，在没按下的时候突出，在按下时凹入。在接通电源时，若由人力踏下踏板并对踏板施加规定以上的负载，则辅助地由马达9产生旋转力，使前轮3A旋转，推动自行车前进。在电源为断开时，不产生这样的旋转力，与通常的自行车一样使用。
位于略中央位置的圆形的第2操作按钮42，是设定马达9的辅助的旋转力的配合量(模式)的装置，详细地说，是可使该配合量切换到小、自动、大的位置的装置，在没按下的时候突出，在按下时凹入。通过对第2操作按钮42的按压操作，在配置于模式显示部43的3个透明的圆形显示窗44中，相对应的一个亮灯。在各圆形显示窗44下部，配置有红色的发光二极管。关于模式，从显示窗44的左侧按顺序分别对应有，节能(旋转力配合量小)、自动(当由人给出的踏力转矩小的时候，助推率小，由人给出的踏力转矩大时，助推率大)、标准(旋转力配合量大)。
另外，位于上侧的电池剩余量/再生充电显示部45，表示电池10的剩余量，另外，是表示再生充电状态的显示部分。当不操作后制动器控制杆17B、再生开关18为关的时候，显示部45表示电池10的剩余量，由控制电路15，通过电池的电压检测、使用电量的累计等，表示电池的剩余量。因此，在显示部45设置3个透明圆形的显示窗46，使对应于剩余量的一个剩余量显示窗46亮灯。另外，在各剩余量显示窗46的下部配置红色的发光二极管，通过发光二极管点亮，照亮剩余量显示窗46。
另外，握住后制动器控制杆17B，在处于再生充电的状态时，在这些显示窗46、46、46中，通过从左向右的顺序使各显示窗46以亮灯灭灯的状态的变动，使骑车的人能够由目视掌握再生制动、再生充电的状态。
另外，控制电路15，当电路元件的温度比设定温度高的过热异常信号从温度传感器19输入时，切断从电池10给出的电流而保护电路。进而，控制电路15根据电流传感器20和电压传感器21的输入信号，控制向马达9供应的电流，同时计算电池10的剩余量，使电池10不产生过放电地控制放电电流。以下说明浸水传感器22的作用。详细的说明在这里省略，如后所述，为了使从旋转的曲柄转矩传感器13给出的电输出传输到控制电路15中，采用了集流环，但该集流环被水打湿时就不能正常地传输电信号。因此，由浸水传感器22检测水打湿情况，在检测出水打湿时，由于基于踏力不能正常地驱动马达9，所以使马达9的驱动停止。
曲柄转矩传感器13，内装在由踏板曲柄2带动旋转的第1链轮4中。图6是表示内装曲柄转矩传感器13的第1链轮4的概略图。该第1链轮4的立体图表示在图7和图8中。在这些图中所示的第1链轮4，具有另外在外周设置的与链条6啮合的齿(没有图示)的外轮24和位于该外轮24的内侧并由踏板曲柄2带动旋转的内轮25。内轮25相对于外轮24连接成能够旋转规定的角度。如图9的剖视图所示，内轮25，在其外周缘上设置有能够使外轮24旋转而作导向的外周槽26。该外周槽26引导外轮24，使其能够在内周缘上旋转但不能向轴方向脱开。外轮24，在其内周部设置有用于配设曲柄转矩传感器13的凹部27。内轮25，有向外轮24的凹部27突出的驱动臂28，在该驱动臂28和凹部27之间，配设曲柄转矩传感器13。内轮25，如图7和图8所示，具有内装曲柄转矩传感器13的筒部29，在该筒部29的内侧，配设有曲柄转矩传感器13。进而，驱动臂28，在与曲柄转矩传感器13接触的相反侧配设作为按压弹簧的螺旋弹簧30。螺旋弹簧30以一定的压力将驱动臂28按压在曲柄转矩传感器13上。外轮24设有突出在凹部27内、插进螺旋弹簧30的凸部31。螺旋弹簧30被插入外轮24的凸部31，并将其放入内轮25的筒部29内、配置在固定位置上。该第1链轮4，当由踏板曲柄2使内轮25旋转时，内轮25的驱动臂28通过曲柄转矩传感器13使外轮24旋转。踏板曲柄2的旋转力通过曲柄转矩传感器13使外轮24旋转，外轮24通过链条6使后轮3B旋转。当对踏板11作用强踏力时，内轮25按压曲柄转矩传感器13的压力也变强。从而，曲柄转矩传感器13能够检测作用在其上的压力，从而检测出踏板曲柄2的旋转转矩。该图的曲柄转矩传感器13是利用磁至伸缩元件的压力传感器，从曲柄转矩传感器13给出的电信号输出，其详细的说明省略，但为了得到由旋转的曲柄转矩传感器13给出的电信号输出而使用集流环，并由控制电路15进行检测。
但是，本发明对曲柄转矩传感器13不特别指定压力传感器。对曲柄转矩传感器13也能够使用位移传感器。图10表示了将位移传感器用作曲柄转矩传感器13的具体例。该图的第1链轮4，在内轮25的驱动臂28上设置凸部28A，并由位移传感器检测该凸部28A的移动。在内轮25的驱动臂28和外轮24的凹部27之间配设作为按压弹簧的螺旋弹簧32。螺旋弹簧32，内轮25越由踏板曲柄2的强踏力驱动、就越被压缩而变短。当螺旋弹簧32被压缩时，内轮25的驱动臂28的凸部28A接近位移传感器，或者被压入位移传感器。凸部28A的移动位置由位移传感器检测，从而检测出踏板曲柄2的转矩。
下面，就作为本发明的特征的再生制动开关机构进行说明。再生开关18是检测对后制动器控制杆17B进行操作的开关，设置在由制动器控制杆17拉动的后制动钢丝57的途中(参照图1)。另外，再生开关18也能够设在后制动器控制杆17B内。
对设置在制动钢丝57途中的例、使用图11、图12进行说明。再生开关18如图所示，具有：安装在后制动钢丝57长方向途中的箱状的开关盒50，和在开关盒50内并安装在后制动钢丝67的内钢丝57a上的套管51，和安装在套管51上面的磁铁52，和与磁铁52相对向地被安装在开关盒内的电路板53(没有图示电子线路配置)上的舌簧接点开关54。另外，57b是后制动钢丝57的外套管。
舌簧接点开关54，当磁铁52处于图11的状态(没操作后制动器控制杆17B的状态)时为关，由此状态，如图12所示，当通过内钢丝57a的动作向左方向移动时为开。另外，虽然没有图示出，但开关盒50以大致箱体的形状为密闭的结构。
对这样的开关机构的自行车运转时的动作在以下进行说明。当蹬踏板11骑自行车时，转矩传感器13检测人力，马达9辅助地驱动前轮3A。这时，在再生开关18中的舌簧接点开关54和磁铁52处于如图11所示的状态。
由此状态，在通过握住后制动器控制杆17B进行制动操作时，拉动后制动钢丝57的内钢丝57a。通过内钢丝57a的动作磁铁52向左移动，在为图12的状态的同时，制动片72滑动接触制动鼓71而制动后轮3B。
并且，这样操作制动机构，当再生开关18为开状态时，使开信号输出到控制电路15中。控制电路15输入操作制动机构的信号后，将马达9当作发电机使用，对前轮3A进行再生制动并对电池10充电。控制电路15，控制在马达9的激磁线圈内流过的电流的时间，使马达9作为发电机对电池10充电。控制电路15检测电池10的剩余量，边防止电池10的过充电边进行再生制动、对电池10进行充电。即，电池10为满充电时，即使操作制动机构也停止再生而停止电池10的充电。
检测对制动机构的操作而进行再生制动的电动自行车，在能够顺畅地制动的同时，能够有效地回收动能而对电池10充电。因此，具有能够使自行车迅速停止、同时还能够通过电池10来延长行驶距离的特长。
并且，在本实施例中，握住后制动器控制杆17B时，在稍微握一下(使后制动器控制杆17B稍微变位，即浅握)时，使舌簧接点开关54开、并使再生开关18呈开状态，而为再生制动状态(第1制动状态)。进而，如果深深握住制动器控制杆17B，则在维持再生制动的状态的同时，拉动内钢丝17a，连接部件74变位，使延伸杆动作而带动制动片72工作，呈制动后轮3B状态(第2制动状态)，这样调整制动钢丝57。
另外，根据需要，为了使再生制动和使制动片72工作的制动机构的制动同时发挥作用，也可以调整制动钢丝57。
另外，如图11、图12所示，在该电动自行车中，作为再生开关18使用了舌簧接点开关54，但也可以取而代，使用如在表示开关为关状态的图13和表示开关为开状态的图14中的限位开关60。另外，在两图中61是安装在后制动钢丝57的内钢丝57a上的动作片。
在以上的实施例中，在自行车行驶时，为了进行后轮3B的制动，如果逐渐握住后制动器控制杆17B，首先，再生开关18从图11所示的状态移动到图12所示的状态，通过再生开关18为开状态，将马达9作为发电机利用，呈对前轮3A进行再生制动的第1制动状态。其后，如果维持后制动器控制杆17B的握住状态，直到马达9为低速，能够维持再生制动状态。在作为该第1制动状态的再生制动状态中，骑车人在骑车并能够由身体感觉制动的感觉的同时，在手边操作部16上，由于如上所述于显示窗46、46、46从左向右依次使各显示窗46亮灯灭灯的状态进行变动，所以能够由目视掌握再生制动、再生充电的状态。
由该状态，进而，如果紧紧握住后制动器控制杆17B，则继续维持再生开关18的开状态而进行再生制动，同时，拉动内钢丝17a，使连接部件74变位，并使延伸杆动作而带动制动片72工作，呈制动后轮3B的第2制动状态。
(发明效果)
在本发明的电动自行车中，在进行对后轮的制动操作时，制动后轮，同时，利用前轮的马达作为发电机，再生制动前轮，这样，由对后轮的制动操作，能够同时制动后轮和前轮两个轮子。结果，在上述的以往例中，是对后轮急剧地施加了再生制动和制动机构的制动，但在本发明中，由于制动两个轮子所以能够达到使自行车稳定地停止。
另外，在本发明的电动自行车中，具有在进行制动器控制杆的操作时，利用马达作为发电机对车轮进行再生制动的第1制动状态，和在这样再生制动的同时、由制动机构制动的第2制动状态。在上述的以往例中，由于同时施加制动机构的制动和再生制动的制动，又由于由制动机构的制动迅速地变成低速，则不能够在足够长时间内进行再生充电，但在本发明中，由于可以仅维持再生制动的第1制动状态，所以使行驶中的电动自行车的动能不由制动机构的制动而消耗，能够被用于再生制动。并且，通过再生制动能够给电池充电。以电动机作驱动源的电动驱动机构，不仅限于前轮，也可以驱动后轮。

Claims (2)

1.一种电动自行车，具有将由踏板给出的人力驱动力传递给后轮的人力驱动机构，和以驱动前轮的马达为驱动源的电动驱动机构，其特征在于：
在对所述后轮进行制动操作时，在制动所述后轮的同时，利用所述前轮的所述马达作为发电机，对所述前轮进行再生制动。
2.一种电动自行车，具有将由踏板给出的人力驱动力传递给后轮的人力驱动机构、和以驱动车轮的马达为驱动源的电动驱动机构，其特征在于：
具有在进行制动器控制杆的操作时，利用所述马达作为发电机，对所述车轮进行再生制动的第1制动状态，和与这样进行再生制动的同时、由制动机构制动的第2制动状态。
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