CN1449287A - 具有抗炎作用的稠合吡咯并咔唑 - Google Patents
具有抗炎作用的稠合吡咯并咔唑 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1449287A CN1449287A CN01814633A CN01814633A CN1449287A CN 1449287 A CN1449287 A CN 1449287A CN 01814633 A CN01814633 A CN 01814633A CN 01814633 A CN01814633 A CN 01814633A CN 1449287 A CN1449287 A CN 1449287A
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Abstract
本发明一般涉及选定稠合吡咯并咔唑、包含该化合物的药物组合物和治疗相关疾病的方法。本发明还涉及制备这些稠合吡咯并咔唑的中间体和方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般涉及选定稠合吡咯并咔唑、包含该化合物的药物组合物和治疗相关疾病的方法。本发明还涉及制备这些稠合吡咯并咔唑的中间体和方法。
发明背景
本文中引用的出版物在此均完全引入作为参考。
迄今为止,已经开发出了许多具有生物学活性的有机合成小分子,它们在本领域被称为“稠合吡咯并咔唑”(参见US5475110;5591855;5594009和5616724)。另外,US5705511公开了具有多种药理学功能活性的稠合吡咯并咔唑。已公开的稠合吡咯并咔唑具有多种应用,这包括:单独或与神经营养因子和/或吲哚并咔唑类(indolocarbozoles)联用提高神经元谱系细胞的功能和/或存活;提高营养因子诱导的活性;抑制蛋白激酶C(PKC)的活性;抑制trk酪氨酸激酶活性;抑制前列腺癌细胞系的增殖;抑制炎症作用相关的细胞通道;和增强濒死神经元细胞的存活。
本发明人发现,与US5705511描述的化合物相比,选自US5705511通式(但未明确公开)的某些特定稠合吡咯并咔唑具有出人意料的生物活性。
发明概述
式I
在下文将详细地描述式I的构成。
式II
在下文将详细地描述式II的构成。
本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑具有多种应用,包括:抑制血管生成;抗肿瘤剂;单独或与神经营养因子和/或吲哚并咔唑类联用提高神经元谱系细胞的功能和/或存活;提高营养因子诱导的活性;抑制激酶;抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子受体(VEGFR)激酶,优选VEGFR2;抑制混合谱系激酶(MLK);trk激酶;抑制血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR)激酶;抑制神经生长因子刺激的trk磷酸化作用;抑制蛋白激酶C(PKC)的活性;抑制trk酪氨酸激酶活性;抑制前列腺癌细胞系的增殖;抑制炎症作用相关的细胞通道;和增强濒死神经元细胞的存活。另外,所述稠合吡咯并咔唑还可用于抑制c-met、c-kit、和在近膜域中包含内部串联重复的突变Flt-3。这些公开的化合物因其多种活性而在许多环境(包括研究和治疗)中表现出实用性。
本发明的另一目的是提供包括本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑的药物组合物,其中组合物包含可药用赋形剂或者载体,以及治疗有效量的至少一种本发明化合物或者其药用盐或者酯。
本发明的另一目的是提供治疗或者预防疾病或者病症的方法,包括将治疗或预防有效量的至少一种本发明化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。
至于本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑的上述以及其他目的、特征和优点,将在以下详细说明中加以描述。
优选实施方案详述
式I其中:
R1和R2相同或者不同,独立地选自H,或者OH或者-OR4取代的1-8个(包含)碳原子的烷基、优选为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,其中R4为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,芳基、优选苯基或萘基,或者除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;和
R3为-CH2OH;-CH2OR7;-(CH2)nSR5;-(CH2)nS(O)yR5;-CH2SR5;或者-OH、-OR5、-OR8、-CH2OR7、-S(O)yR6或-SR6取代的1-8个(包括)碳原子的烷基、优选1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基;和其中
R5为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者芳基、优选苯基或萘基;
R6为H、1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者6-10个碳原子的芳基、优选苯基或萘基,或者杂芳基;
R7为H或者1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基;
R8为除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
n是1-4(包含)的整数;和
y是1或者2。
在某些优选实施方案中,式I化合物为式II所代表的那些化合物:
式II其中R1、R2和R3的定义如式I。
在某些涉及的实施方案中,R1为-OH或者-OR4取代的1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,其中R4为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,芳基、优选苯基或萘基,或者除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;和
R2为H;和R3为-CH2OH;-CH2OR7;-(CH2)nSR5;-(CH2)nS(O)yR5;-CH2SR5;或者-OH、-OR5、-OR8、-CH2OR7、-S(O)yR6或-SR6取代的1-8个(包括)碳原子的烷基、优选为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基;其中R5、R6、R7和R8的定义如式I。
在某些其他优选实施方案中,R1为-CH2CH2CH2OH或者-CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2N(CH3)2;R2为H;和R3为-CH2OR7,其中R7为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基。
在某些更优选的实施方案中,式I和式II的稠合吡咯并咔唑是表I中所代表的那些化合物:
表I
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 |
1 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OCH2CH3 |
2 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OCH3 |
3 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
4 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3 |
5 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | (S)-CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3 |
6 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | (R)-CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3 |
7 | CH2CHOHCH3 | H | CH2OCH2CH3 |
8 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OCH2CH2CH3 |
9 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH3 |
10 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH(CH3)OCH2CH3 |
11 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | (手性)CH(CH3)OCH2CH3 |
12 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | (手性)CH(CH3)OCH2CH3 |
13 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH(CH3)OCH3 |
14 | H | CH2CHOHCH3 | CH2OCH2CH3 |
15 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH(CH3)OCH2CH2CH2CH3 |
16 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH(CH3)OCH(CH3)2 |
17 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OC(CH3)3 |
18 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2NH2 | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
19 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCH(NH2)CH2-CH2CH2CH2NH2 | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
20 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2NH2 | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
21 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2-CH2N(CH3)2 | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
22 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2N(CH3)2 | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
23 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2CH2-CH2CH2NH2 | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
24 | CH2CH2OH | H | CH2SCH2CH3 |
25 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2SCH2CH3 |
26 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2S(O)CH(CH3)2 |
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 |
27 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2SCH(CH3)2 |
28 | CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OH |
29 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2OH |
30 | H | H | CH2OH |
31 | H | H | CH2OCH2CH3 |
32 | H | H | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
33 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH(OH)CH3 |
34 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH(OH)CH2CH3 |
35 | H | H | CH(OH)CH3 |
36 | H | H | (+/-)CH(OCH3)CH3 |
37 | CH2CH2CH2OCOCF3 | H | CH2SCH2CH2CH3 |
38 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2S(2-吡啶基) |
39 | CH2CH2CH2OH | H | CH2S(2-嘧啶基) |
40 | CH2CH2CH2OH | CH2OH | CH2OCH(CH3)2 |
优选的式II稠合吡咯并咔唑的结构如表II所示:
表II中尤其优选的化合物包括化合物1、3、4、5、6、7和22,其中最优选为化合物3和22。
式I和II代表的以及表I和II描述的化合物在此称为“所述化合物”、“本发明化合物”、“稠合吡咯并咔唑”、“本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑”等。
US 5705511中的某些化合物如表Iia所示。
在此用于定义R1和R2的术语“氨基酸”是指同时包含氨基酸基团和羧基的分子。它包括“α-氨基酸”,即通常表示在邻接羧基的碳上具有氨基官能团的羧酸。α-氨基酸可以是天然或非天然来源的。氨基酸也包括“二肽”,其在此定义为以肽键所连接的二个氨基酸。二肽的组分并不限于α-氨基酸,并且可以是包含氨基和羧基的任何分子。优选为α-氨基酸,二肽例如赖氨酰-β-丙氨酸,和2-8个碳原子的氨基链烷酸,例如3-二甲基氨基丁酸。
本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑的可药用盐也包括于在此公开化合物的范围内。在此所用的术语“可药用盐”是指无机酸加成盐,例如盐酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐,或有机酸加成盐例如醋酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、酒石酸盐和柠檬酸盐。可药用金属盐的示例是碱金属盐例如钠盐和钾盐,碱土金属盐例如镁盐和钙盐,铝盐和锌盐。可药用铵盐的示例是铵盐和四甲铵盐。可药用有机胺加成盐的示例是与吗啉和哌啶加成的盐。可药用氨基酸加成盐的示例是与赖氨酸、甘氨酸和苯基丙氨酸加成的盐。
通过与无毒的可药用赋形剂或载体混合,可将在此提供的化合物配制成药物组合物。如上所述,可制备供非肠道给药的组合物,特别是为液体溶液或混悬剂形式;或者制成供口服的组合物,特别是片剂或胶囊形式;或者制成供经鼻施用的组合物,特别是粉末、滴鼻剂或气雾剂形式;或者制成供经皮施用的组合物,例如经皮施用的贴剂。
因此,本发明另一方面是包括本发明化合物的药物组合物,其中任选与一种或更多可药用赋形剂或载体混合。优选地,该药物组合物包含式II化合物。更优选地,该药物组合物包含表I或II所示的化合物。
在某些优选的药物组合物中,本组合物可用于抑制一种或更多trk激酶活性、VEGFR激酶活性、PKC或PDGFR活性,其中所述组合物包括式I、式II、表I或表II化合物以及任选一种或更多可药用载体。在优选的其他药物组合物中,所述组合物可用于增强营养因子或脊索ChAT活性,其中所述组合物包括式I、式II、表I或表II化合物和可药用载体。
在优选的其他药物组合物中,所述组合物用于治疗或预防血管生成和血管生成病症,例如实体瘤癌、子宫内膜异位、视网膜病、糖尿病性视网膜病、牛皮癣、成血管细胞瘤、眼疾或黄斑变性。在优选的其他药物组合物中,所述组合物用于治疗或预防瘤形成、类风湿性关节炎、肺纤维化、骨髓纤维化、伤口愈合异常、动脉粥样硬化或再狭窄。在优选的其他药物组合物,所述组合物用于治疗或预防神经变性疾病和病症,阿尔茨海默病,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,帕金森病,中风,局部缺血,亨廷顿舞蹈病,AIDS痴呆,癫痫症,多发性硬化,周围神经病,化学疗法导致的周围神经病,AIDS有关的周围神经病或脑或脊索损伤。在优选的其他药物组合物,所述组合物用于治疗或预防前列腺病症例如前列腺癌或良性的前列腺增生。在优选的其它药物组合物中,所述组合物用于治疗或预防多发性骨髓瘤和白血病,其中包括但不限于急性粒细胞白血病,慢性粒细胞白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病和慢性淋巴细胞性白血病。
所述组合物可以单位剂型方便地施用,并可采用制药领域已知的任何方法制备,所述方法例如Remington制药学(MackPub.公司,Easton,PA,1980)所述。用于非肠道给药的制剂可包括常规赋形剂无菌水或盐水、聚亚烷基二醇例如聚乙二醇,油类和植物来源,氢化萘等。特别地,可生物降解的生物相容丙交酯聚合物、丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物,或聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物可用作控制活性物质释放的赋形剂。适于这些活性物质的其它可能的有用非肠道给药系统包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物颗粒剂、渗透泵、植入型输注系统和脂质体。用于吸入给药的制剂包括赋形剂,例如乳糖,或者是含有如聚氧乙烯-9-月桂基醚、甘氨胆酸盐和脱氧胆酸盐的水溶液,或者是以滴鼻剂形式施用的油性溶液,或者是经鼻应用的凝胶剂。供非肠道给药的制剂也可能包含用于经颊给药的甘氨胆酸盐、用于直肠给药的水杨酸盐或阴道给药的柠檬酸。用于经皮给药的贴剂优选为亲脂性乳剂。
在药物中,本发明的化合物可作为单独的活性剂使用,也可与其它活性成分组合使用,所述其它活性成分例如可促进疾病或病症中神经元存活或轴突再生的其它生长因子,其它血管生成剂或抗肿瘤剂。
在此所述化合物在治疗或药物组合物中的浓度取决于许多因素,这包括所施用药物的剂量、所用化合物的化学特性(例如疏水性)和给药途径。通常,本发明化合物可以在用于非肠道给药的水性生理缓冲溶液中的形式提供,其中包含约0.1-10%w/v化合物。典型的剂量范围约为1μg/kg-lg/kg体重/天;优选的剂量范围约为0.01mg/kg-100mg/kg体重/天。所施用药物的优选剂量取决于许多变量,例如疾病或病症的类型和发展程度、特定病人的总体健康状态、所用化合物的相对生物学效力、化合物赋形剂的制剂及其给药途径。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供用于抑制trk激酶活性的方法,包括提供足以产生有效抑制的量的本发明化合物。在一个优选实施方案中,提供了用于治疗炎症的本发明化合物,所述炎症例如神经炎症和慢性关节炎炎症。在另一个优选实施方案中,所述trk激酶受体是trkA。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗或预防前列腺病症的方法,包括将治疗有效量的本发明化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。在一个优选实施方案中,所述前列腺病症是前列腺癌或良性的前列腺增生。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗或预防由VEGFR激酶活性引起病理状况的血管生成病症的方法,所述方法包括提供足量的本发明化合物,使血管内皮生长因子受体与有效抑制量的本发明化合物接触。在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗或预防血管生成病症的方法,包括将治疗有效量的本发明化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。在一个优选实施方案中,所述血管生成病症是实体瘤癌,眼疾,黄斑变性,子宫内膜异位,糖尿病性视网膜病,牛皮癣或成血管细胞瘤。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗或预防由PDGFR激酶活性引起病理状况的病症的方法,包括提供足量的本发明化合物,以使血小板衍生生长因子受体与有效抑制量的本发明化合物接触后。在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗或预防病理病症的方法,包括将治疗有效量的本发明化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。在优选实施方案中,所述病理病症是瘤形成、类风湿性关节炎、慢性关节炎、肺纤维化、骨髓纤维化、伤口愈合异常、动脉粥样硬化或再狭窄。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供用于治疗以营养因子应答细胞异常活性为特征的病症的方法,包括提供足量的式I、式II、表I或表II化合物,以使营养因子细胞受体与有效活性诱导量的本发明化合物接触。在优选实施方案中,营养因子应答细胞的活性是ChAT活性。在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供法用于治疗或预防神经变性的疾病和病症、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、帕金森病、中风、局部缺血、亨廷顿舞蹈病、AIDS痴呆、癫痫症、多发性硬化、周围神经病、化学疗法导致的周围神经病、AID有关的周围神经病、脑或脊索损伤的方法,包括将治疗有效量的式I、式II、表I和表II化合物用于需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。
在此所用的术语“效应”,在修饰术语“功能“和“存活”时表示正或负的变化。正效应在此称作“增强作用”或“增强”,而负效应在此是指“抑制作用”或“抑制”。
在此所用术语“提高”或“提高”,在修饰术语“功能”或“存活”时是指:与没有稠合吡咯并咔唑存在下的细胞时相比,稠合吡咯并咔唑对营养因子应答细胞的功能和/或存活表现出正效应。例如(不作为限制),就胆碱能神经元的存活而言,与未与稠合吡咯并咔唑共存的胆碱能神经元群落相比,稠合吡咯并咔唑将明显增强处于濒死危险之中的胆碱能神经元群落的存活(例如由于损伤、疾病状况、退化状况或自然发展导致的濒死),如果经处理群落的功能期长于未处理群落的活。再例如(不作为限制),就感觉神经元的功能而言,与未与稠合吡咯并咔唑共存的感觉神经元群落相比,稠合吡咯并咔唑将明显增强感觉神经元群落的功能(例如轴突扩充),如果经处理群落的轴突扩充大于未处理群落的活。
在此所用的“抑制作用”和“抑制”是指本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑的存在使某一指定物质的特异应答(例如酶活性)相对降低。
在此所用的术语“神经元”、“神经元谱系细胞”和“神经元细胞”包括但不限于具有单或多递质和/或单或多功能神经元类型的异源群落体,优选地,它们是胆碱能和感觉神经元。在此所用的措词“胆碱能神经元”是指中枢神经系统(CNS)和周围神经系统(PNS)的神经元,其神经递质是乙酰胆碱;其示例是基底前脑和脊髓神经元。在此所用的措词“感觉神经元”包括对例如来自皮肤、肌肉和关节的环境因素(例如,温度和运动)应答的神经元;其示例是DRG神经元。
在此所用的“营养因子”是指直接或间接地影响营养因子应答细胞的存活或功能的分子。示例性营养因子包括:睫状神经营养因子(CNTF),碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF),胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子(例如,IGF-I、IGF-II、IGF-III),干扰素,白介素,细胞因子,以及神经营养蛋白包括神经生长因子(NGF)、神经营养蛋白-3(NT-3)、神经营养蛋白-4/5(NT-4/5)和脑衍生神经营养因子(BDNF)。
在此定义的“营养因子应答细胞”是指包括能与营养因子特异性结合的受体的细胞;其示例包括神经元(例如,胆碱能和感觉神经元)和非神经元细胞(例如,单核细胞和赘生性细胞)。
在此所用的“营养因子活性”和“营养因子诱导的活性”定义为因营养因子(例如NGF)与包括营养因子受体的细胞(例如,包括trk的神经元)结合而直接或间接导致的任何应答。在NGF与trk结合的情况下,示例性应答包括可导致ChAT活性增强(导致神经元存活和/或功能提高)的trk酪氨酸残基自身磷酸化。
如措词“营养因子活性”和“营养因子诱导的活性”中所使用的术语“营养因子”包括内源和外源营养因子,其中“内源”是指天然存在的营养因子,“外源”是指被加到系统中的营养因子。根据这种定义,“营养因子诱导活性”包括由(1)内源营养因子;(2)外源营养因子;和(3)内源和外源营养因子组合诱导的活性。
在此所用的术语“trk”是指高亲合力的神经营养因子受体家族,目前包括载trkA、trkB和trkC,以及可与神经营养蛋白结合的其他膜相关蛋白质。
在此所用的涉及术语“细胞”的措词“过度增殖状态”是指这样的细胞,其未经调节的和/或异常的生长可导致不希望状况的发展,例如癌状况或牛皮癣状况。
在此所用的“癌”和“癌性的”是指哺乳动物细胞的任何恶性增殖。示例包括前列腺、良性的前列腺增生、卵巢、乳房及其他确认的癌。在此所用的术语“牛皮癣”和“牛皮癣状况”是指包括角化细胞过度增殖、炎性细胞浸润和细胞因子变化的病症。
在此所用的涉及生物试样(例如,细胞例如神经元)的措词“处于濒死危险”,是指对生物试样产生负面影响并由此增加生物试样濒死可能性的状态或状况。例如,在此公开的化合物能“援救”或提高in ovo程序性细胞死亡模型中天然地处于濒死危险之中运动神经元的存活。同样地,例如,神经元可因自然老化(引起神经元死亡)而处于濒死危险之中,或者因可造成对神经元和/或神经胶质冲击的损伤(例如头创伤)影响而处于濒死危险之中。此外,例如,神经元可因疾病状态或状况而处于濒死危险之中,就像疾病ALS使神经元处于濒死危险之中一样。因此,使用本发明化合物提高了处于濒死危险之中细胞的存活,是指这种化合物能降低或预防细胞死亡的风险。
在此所用的术语“接触”是指直接或间接地使各部分放置在一起,这样使各部分直接或间接地处于物理相互关联的状态,并在此达到所需的结果。因此,在此所述的化合物可与靶细胞“接触”,未必是化合物与细胞必须物理连接在一起(例如,在配体与受体物理结合的情况下),只要能达到所需的结果(例如增强细胞的存活)即可。因此,接触包括例如将各部分置于容器中的行为(例如,将在此公开的化合物加到含有细胞的体外试验容器中),以及将所述化合物施用于目标实体(例如,将此公开的化合物注入供体内试验的实验动物中,或给予治疗目的的人)。
在此所用的“前药”意在包括任何共价键合的载体,当将这样的前药给予哺乳动物受试者时,所述载体可在体内释放出本发明化合物的活性母体药物。由于已知前药可提高药物的多种所需性质(例如溶解性、生物利用度和制造等),因此,本发明化合物也可以前药形式给药。因此,本发明涉及本发明化合物的前药、包含前药的组合物以及用这样的前药治疗疾病和病症的方法。通过修饰化合物官能团,可制得本发明化合物(例如式I)的前药,这种修饰可经常规处理或在体内分解成母体化合物。因此,前药包括其羟基、氨基或羧基被任何下述基团结合的本发明化合物,将该前药给予哺乳动物受试者后,这种基团会分别分解形成游离羟基、游离氨基或羧酸。示例包括但不限于:除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基,醇和胺官能团的醋酸、甲酸和苯甲酸衍生物;和烷基、碳环、芳基和烷基芳基酯例如甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、异丁酯、仲丁酯、叔丁酯、环丙酯、苯酯、苯甲酯和苯乙酯等。
本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑具有重要的实用药理学活性,适用于多种环境(包括研究和治疗环境)。为了便于介绍且不限定这些化合物的适用范围,我们通常可如下描述本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑的活性:
6.抑制酶的活性
6.对营养因子应答细胞的功能和/或存活影响
6.抑制炎症相关的反应
6.抑制与过度增殖状态有关的细胞生长
6.抑制发展地程序性运动神经元死亡
可采用例如VEGFR抑制(例如,VEGFR2抑制)、MLK抑制(例如,MLK1、MLK2或MLK3抑制)、PDGFR激酶抑制、NGF-刺激的trk磷酸化作用、PKC抑制或trk酪氨酸激酶抑制试验,测定对酶活性的抑制。使用以下任一试验,可测定对营养因子应答细胞(例如神经元谱系细胞)的功能和/或存活的影响:(1)培养的脊髓胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)试验;(2)培养脊神经后根神经节(DRG)轴突扩充试验;(3)培养的基底前脑神经元(BFN)ChAT活性试验。采用吲哚胺2,3-加双氧酶(IDO)mRNA试验,可测定对炎症相关应答的抑制。通过测定所研究细胞系(如前列腺癌中的AT2系)的生长,可测定对与过度增殖有关的细胞生长的抑制。至于对发展地程序性运动神经元死亡的抑制,可inovo采用鸡胚的体运动神经元来评价,所述细胞在胚胎的6-10天期间自然死亡,并测定在此公开化合物介导的对这种自然细胞死亡的抑制。
采用例如以下分析方法,可测定本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑化合物对酶活性的抑制:
VEGFR抑制分析法
MLK抑制分析法
PKC活性抑制分析法
trkA酪氨酸激酶活性抑制分析法
在全细胞制剂中NGF-刺激的trk磷酸化作用的抑制
血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR)抑制分析法
对血管内皮细胞生长因子受体(VEGFR)的抑制,在血管生成起重要作用的疾病中具有实用性,所述疾病例如实体瘤癌、子宫内膜异位、糖尿病性视网膜病、牛皮癣、成血管细胞瘤、以及其他眼疾和癌。对MLK的抑制,在治疗神经系统疾病方面具有实用性。对trk的抑制,在治疗前列腺疾病例如前列腺癌和良性的前列腺增生和炎症性疼痛中具有实用性。对血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR)的抑制,在治疗各种形式的瘤形成、类风湿性关节炎、肺纤维化、骨髓纤维化、伤口愈合异常、伴有心血管终点的疾病例如动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、血管成形术后再狭窄等方面具有实用性。
所述稠合吡咯并咔唑还提高神经元的存活,从而对营养因子应答细胞的功能和存活表现出正效应。关于胆碱能神经元的存活,与未与所述化合物共存的胆碱能神经元群落相比,化合物可保持处于濒死(例如由于损伤、疾病、退化状态或者自然发展所致)危险之中的胆碱能神经元群落的存活,如果经处理群落的功能期长于未处理群落的活。
许多神经系统紊乱的特征在于神经元细胞处于濒死、受损伤的、功能上损害、轴突退化状态,而处于濒死危险之中。这些病症包括但不限于:神经系统疾病和病症、阿尔茨海默病;运动神经元病症(例如肌萎缩性侧索硬化);帕金森病;脑血管病症(例如中风,局部缺血);亨廷顿舞蹈病;AIDS痴呆;癫痫症;多发性硬化;周围神经病(例如影响DRG神经元的与化学疗法相关的周围神经病)包括糖尿病性神经病变和AIDS有关的周围神经病;兴奋性氨基酸所导致的病症;和与脑或脊髓的震动性或贯通性损伤有关的病症。
所述化合物不仅可用于提高营养应答细胞(例如胆碱能神经元)的营养因子诱导的活性,而且还可用作其他神经元细胞类型(例如多巴胺能或者谷氨酸能)的存活增进剂。生长因子通过给小GTP结合蛋白ras、rac和cdc42的级联下游发信号,而调节神经元的存活(Denhardt,D.T.,Biochem.J.1996,318,729)。具体地说,ras的活化引起了胞外受体活化的激酶(ERK)的磷酸化和活化,这与生物生长和分化作用有关。
对rac/cdc42的刺激可导致JNK和p38活化、与应激、细胞程序死亡和炎症有关的应答的增加,尽管生长因子应答主要通过ERK途径实现的,影响这些后续进程可导致神经元存活的另一种机制,它会模拟生长因子增强存活的性质(Xia等,Science,1995,270,1326)。本发明化合物也可起到神经元和非神经元细胞存活促进剂的作用,这可通过与生长因子介导的存活有关的机制实现(但有一定区别),例如抑制JNK和p38 MAPK途径,这些途径可通过抑制编程性细胞死亡进程而使其存活。
本发明化合物还可用来治疗与ChAT活性减少或者死亡、脊髓运动神经元损伤有关的病症,也可用于治疗与中枢和周围神经系统、免疫系统中编程性细胞死亡有关的疾病,和炎性疾病。ChAT可催化神经递质乙酰胆碱的合成,因此被认为是功能性胆碱能神经元的酶标记物。功能性神经元也具有存活能力。通过定量活性神经元对染料(例如钙黄绿素AM)的特异的吸收和酶促转化,可分析神经元的存活。另外,在此描述的化合物还可用来治疗涉及恶性细胞增殖的疾病状态,例如多种癌症。
由于其各种各样的实用性,也可开发所述异构的稠合吡咯并咔唑以及异吲哚酮在其他方面(例如研究)的特性。例如,该化合物可用于神经元细胞存活、功能化、识别的体外模型开发,或者用于筛选其他合成化合物(具有类似于所述异构的稠合吡咯并咔唑和异吲哚酮化合物的活性)。因此,在药物研究过程中,本发明化合物可用作确定物质活性的试验或分析中的标准或参考化合物。
所述化合物也可用于研究、定义和确定与功能应答有关的靶分子。例如,通过对与特定细胞功能(例如有丝分裂)有关的异构稠合吡咯并咔唑或者异吲哚酮化合物进行放射性标记,可以确认、分离和纯化与衍生物结合的靶分子,并进行表征。此外,化合物也可用于开发分析和模型方法,以进一步增加对抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸或酪氨酸蛋白激酶(例如,PKC、trk酪氨酸激酶)在与病症和疾病相关的机制方面所起作用的认识。因此,本发明化合物可在诊断分析(例如在此描述分析方法)中用作诊断剂。
下面将给出VEGFR和MLK分析法所得的结果。也对其他分析方法做了比较详细的描述。这些描述不应理解为是对所公开范围的限定。某些缩写定义如下:“μg”表示微克,“mg”表示毫克,“g”表示克,“μL”表示微升,“mL”表示毫升,“L”表示升,“nM″”表示毫微摩尔,“μM”表示微摩尔,“mM”表示毫摩尔,“M”表示摩尔和“nm”表示纳米。
合成
本发明还提供用于制备本发明稠合吡咯并咔唑的方法。可采用本领域技术人员熟知的多种路线制备本发明化合物。本领域技术人员能理解,可采用例如下述合成路线描述的方法及其变化方法来合成所述化合物。对本领域技术人员而言,进行适当的修饰和替换是显而易见的,这也可从科学文献中获知。所公开的与本发明有关的所用方法均可以任何规模应用,这包括毫克、克、若干克、千克、若干千克或者商业化工业规模。
可以理解的是,本发明化合物可包含一种或更多不对称地取代的碳原子,也可以光学活性或外消旋体的形式分离。因此,也指所述结构的所有手性、非对映体、外消旋形式以及所有几何异构形式,除非特别指明了具体的立体化学或异构形式。本领域已知如何制备这类光学活性体。例如,可通过标准技术分离立体异构体混合物,所述标准技术包括但不限于:外消旋形式的拆分,正或反相和手性色谱,优先盐形成,重结晶等,或者从活性起始物料进行手性合成,或者设计手性合成目标中心来进行手性合成。
很容易理解的是,本发明化合物上的官能团可包含保护基。例如,化合物上的氨基酸侧链取代基可用保护基(例如苄氧羰基或叔丁氧羰基)取代。保护基本身已知是化学官能团,它可选择性地附加到功能基团例如羟基和羧基上,也可从功能基团上除去。化合物上的这些基团使这类功能基团对化合物所接触的化学反应条件表现为惰性。本发明可采用各种不同的保护基。优选的保护基包括苄氧羰基(Cbz;Z)和叔丁氧羰基(Boc)。本发明的其他优选保护基参见Greene,T.W.和Wuts,P.G.M.,“有机合成中的保护基”,第2版,Wiley & Sons,1991。路线1路线2路线3路线4路线5路线6路线7
路线8
合成描述
采用DMF中的NaH,用2-溴乙基苄醚(A)或3-溴丙基苄醚(B),进行吲哚I的烷基化,制备化合物A和B,然后按US5705511方法进行脱苄基作用(Pd(OH)2/H2)。将B与Boc-亮氨酸偶合,然后用有机合成技术领域的标准方法对Boc脱保护,制得参考化合物C。用还原剂例如LiBH4还原酯IV,然后除去二苯基甲醇保护基,制得化合物B。制备苄醚和硫醚的路线如合成路线1所示。两种方法可由于制备3-羟甲基中间体28-30、33-35。合成路线1(方法A)为羰基化路线,而合成路线2(方法B)采用了甲酰化方法。在合成路线1中,I与丙烯酸乙酯和碱(如DBU)进行Michael反应,制得II,然后用二甲氧基二苯基甲醇进行内酰胺氮保护,得到III。用还原剂例如硼氢化锂还原乙酯,然后用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺溴化,得到高总收率的中间体V。在甲氧乙醇中,对V进行钯催化的羰基化,得到甲氧基乙氧基酯VI。脱保护成VII后,可用还原剂例如二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H)将酯还原成二醇29。采用TFA中的HMTA或α,α-二氯甲基甲醚和Lewis酸,对羟甲基化合物(方法B,合成路线2)进行甲酰化处理。用还原剂例如硼氢化钠或异丁基氢化铝将醛还原成羟甲基化合物。采用合成路线4所示的通用方法,可制备甲醚或者硫醚示例。在一种方法中,用三氟醋酐和碱例如三乙胺,可将二醇转化成三-三氟醋酸酯中间体,然后用适当的烷基醇或烷基硫醇处理该中间体,可直接得到苄醚(1-25、27、31、32、36-40)。在某些情况下,可分离出伯醇的三氟醋酸酯。在这些实施例中,用碱例如氢氧化锂处理三氟醋酸酯,可分离出醇。在另一方法中,在二氯甲烷、甲苯或1,2-二氯乙烷等溶剂中,用二醇(例如28或29)与醇和酸催化剂(例如,对甲苯磺酸或樟脑磺酸)反应,可制得醚和硫醚。
醇33-35可用于制备醚实施例10-13、15、16和36。如合成路线3所示,可由酮XI和XII制得实施例33-35。用前述以及合成路线4所示的方法,可制得醚和硫醚。
实施例7的制备如合成路线5所示。用甲磺酰基缩水甘油对实施例31烷基化,得到化合物XIII。用THF中的三乙基硼氢化物还原,得到实施例仲醇7。在二氯甲烷/甲醇中,用碳酸铯和乙醛处理化合物XIV,得到实施例14(合成路线6)。实施例40的制备如合成路线7所示。用低聚甲醛和Triton B/吡啶对Di-TBS保护的XVIII进行烷基化,然后用TMSC1脱保护,得到实施例40。采用有机合成领域已知的标准偶联反应,由实施例3和相应的羧酸制得氨基酸酯实施例18-23。
至于本发明其他特征,可很容易地从下面对示例性实施方案的描述中得出。这些实施例仅仅是示例性的,对本发明范畴并无限定。
实施例
某些缩写在此定义如下:“℃”代表摄氏温度,“d”代表双峰,“dd”代表双二重峰,“t”代表三重峰,“m”代表多重峰,“eq”代表当量,“g”代表克,“mg”代表毫克,“mL”代表毫升,“H”代表氢,“hr”代表小时,“m”代表多重峰,“M”代表摩尔,“min”代表分钟,“MHz”代表兆赫,“MS”代表质谱,“nmr”或“NMR”代表核磁共振谱法。制备化合物II
于室温、氮气下,向乙腈(300mL)中的I(8.0g,0.258mol)的悬浮液中加入丙烯酸乙酯(4.19mL,0.387mol),然后加入1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(1.93mL,0.013mol)。加入DBU之后,反应由橙色变为绿色。将反应混合物加热回流过夜。混合物在反应过程中保持多相,并变成深色。18小时后取出小部分,过滤收集固体。1H NMR显示样品中没有残存起始物料。反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤固体。固体用冷乙腈洗涤过几次,并55℃真空下干燥,得到淡橙色固体(5.4g,78%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ9.72(t,3H,J=6.8),2.87(m,2H),3.89(q,2H,J=6.8),4.49(s,2H),4.88(s,2H),4.92(m,2H),7.29-7.48(m,3H),7.50-7.73(m,3H),7.96(d,1H,J=7.33),8.56(s,1H),9.47(d,1H,J=7.33)。制备化合物III:
于室温、氮气下,向苯(300mL)和N-甲基吡咯烷(NMP)(60mL)中的II(5.62g 0.0137mol)悬浮液中加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(2.48g,0.013mol)和4,4′-二甲氧基二苯基甲醇(3.19g,0.013mol)。将烧瓶中的内容物加热回流8小时。45min后,最初的多相反应混合物变为均相。将反应混合物冷却至室温并用乙酸乙酯(300mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢盐溶液、水和盐水洗涤。有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并与真空下浓缩,得到橙色固体(8.31g,95%收率)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ1.18(t,3H,J=7.1),2.84(m,2H),3.80(6H,s),4.12(q,2H,J=7.1),4.38(s,2H),4.72(2H,s),4.94(m,2H),6.90(d,4H,J=8.5),6.955(s,1H),7.26(d,4H,J=8.5),7.34-7.49(m,5H),7.61(d,1H,J=7.4),7.69(d,1H,J=7.7),9.65(d,1H,J=7.8)。制备化合物IV:
向THF(480mL)和甲醇(93mL)中的III(7.8g,0.0122mol)的搅拌溶液中滴加硼氢化锂(2.0M溶液18.9mL,0.0379mol)。反应混合物最初是均相的,然而随着反应进程,混合物变成多相。当所有起始物料消耗完后,将反应混合物置于冰浴中冷却,并小心地用2N HCl(60mL)淬灭。反应混合物变成均相和淡橙色。向混合物中加入水(750mL),形成乳白色沉淀物。过滤收集沉淀物,并真空下干燥,得到蓬松的白色固体(7.2g,99%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ1.93(m,2H),3.66(m,2H),3.71(s,6H),4.55(s,2H),4.73(m,2H),4.79(s,2H),6.70(s,1H),6.93(d,4H,J=8.44),7.22(d,4H,J=8.4),7.26(m,1H),7.34-7.46(m,2H),7.49(m,1H),7.65(d,1H,J=7.01),7.70(d,1H,J=8.26),7.86(d,1H,J=7.82),9.49(d,1H,J=7.49)。制备化合物V:
于室温、氮气下,向THF(131mL)中的IV(2.02g,0.0034mol)悬浮液中一次加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(0.63g,0.0036mol)。反应混合物于室温下搅拌过夜。真空下除去反应溶剂,得到浅黄色固体。固体用冷甲醇研磨并过滤收集。真空下干燥固体,得到浅黄色固体(1.98,87%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ1.91(m,2H),3.44(m,2H),3.72(s,6H),4.53(s,2H),4.74(m,2H),4.87(s,2H),6.71(s,1H),6.93(d,4H,J=8.14),7.25(d,4H,J=8.1),7.37(m,2H),7.59-7.69(m,3H),8.08(s,1H),9.50(d,1H,J=7.01)。制备化合物VI:
将甲氧乙醇(25mL)中的V(0.79g,0.0017mol)置于Schlenk试管中,然后加入乙酸钠(0.57g,0.00702mol)和二氯双(三苯基膦)-钯(II)(0.082g,0.000117mol)。抽空试管并填充一氧化碳。将密封试管中的反应混合物在155℃油浴中加热3小时。反应冷却至室温,并加入另外的一氧化碳。混合物再重加热至150℃3小时。加入另外的CO和PdCl2(PPh3)2,混合物加热4小时。反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并冲洗通过硅藻土垫。滤液于真空下浓缩得到残余物,将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯中并用水洗涤。有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并于真空中浓缩成固体,该固体用乙醚研磨,并经过滤收集,得到淡橙色固体(0.7g,85%收率)。1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ2.14(m,2H),3.44(s,3H),3.67-3.78(m,4H),3.81(s,6H),4.44(s,2H),4.51(m,2H),4.81(m,4H),6.91(d,4H,J=8.53),6.98(s,1H),7.28(d,4H,8.6),7.34-7.7.61(m,4H),8.21(d,1H,J=8.32),8.42(s,1H),9.67(d,1H,J=7.6 1)。制备化合物VII:
于0℃、氮气下,向CH2Cl2(30mL)中的VI(0.96g,0.00138mol)溶液中加入茴香硫醚(3.2mL,0.110mol),然后加入三氟乙酸(TFA)(8.5mL0.0276mol)。在添加TFA的过程中,反应混合物变为红色。混合物于0℃搅拌1小时,并加温至室温过夜。真空下除去反应溶剂,得到暗红油状物。向油状物中加入乙醚,反应混合物变为黄色,有黄褐色固体从溶液中析出。过滤收集固体(0.6g,92%收率)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ2.29(m,2H),3.3(m,2H),3.73(m,2H),4.45(m,2H),4.54(m,3H),4.82(m,2H),4.99(s,2H),7.40(m,2H),7.58(d,1H),7.85(d,1H),8.13(d,1H),8.52(s,1H),8.6(s,1H),9.49(d,1H)。
实施例29(方法A)
于0℃、氮气下,向CHCl2(220mL)中的VII(4.4g,0.00935mol)搅拌悬浮液中慢慢滴加DIBAL-H。反应逐渐变成均相。将橙色反应混合物于0℃搅拌1小时,然后加温至室温并搅拌6小时。混合物于冰浴中冷却至0℃,然后最初极慢地加入水(50mL)。可观察到猛烈的气体放出。加入NaOH水溶液(1M,300mL),反应混合物于室温下搅拌1小时。过滤收集形成的沉淀物,得到黄褐色固体(3.6g,96%)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ1.92(m,2H),3.46(m,2H),4.50(s,2H),4.65(s,2H),4.71(m,2H),4.88(s,2H),7.32-7.39(m,2H),7.47(d,1H,J=8.34),7.65(m,2H),7.89(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),9.46(d,1H,J=7.44)。制备化合物X:
向二氯甲烷/甲苯(3∶1,30/10mL)中的II(2.77g,6.75mmol)的搅拌溶液中加入氯化锡(15eq)和α,α-二氯甲基甲醚。混合物由橙色变为深绿色。用HPLC监测反应混合物中起始物料的消失。混合物冷却至0℃并用HCl水溶液淬灭。将物质移至圆底烧瓶中,并于真空中浓缩至绿色-棕色油状物。加入另外的HCl和乙酸乙酯,物质再于真空中浓缩。从溶液中析出淡褐色-粉红色固体。固体用己烷研磨,并倾析溶剂。该操作重复5次。过滤收集固体,并干燥,得到淡粉红色-褐色固体2.65g(90%收率)。MS(ESI):m/e 439(M+H)+,1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ1.00(t,3H),2.94(m,2H),3.93(q,2H),4.50(s,2H),4.97(m,4H),7.37(m,2H),7.65(d,1H),7.96(d,1H),8.03(d,1H),8,52(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),9.48(d,1H),10.49(s,1H)。
实施例29(方法B)。
于0℃、氮气下,向THF(50mL)中的化合物X(2.37g,0.005mol)悬浮液中加入硼氢化锂(10eq)。浅棕色混合物于室温下搅拌3.5小时,之后经HPLC检测起始物料消失。混合物冷却至0℃,然后非常慢地加入甲醇,至没有气体放出。混合物变成均相,然后开始形成沉淀。混合物真空下浓缩,得到浅黄色固体,该固体用水研磨,经过滤收集,得到产物2.0g(96%收率)。制备化合物VIII:
于0℃、氮气下,向二氯甲烷(30mL)中的化合物29(1.13mmol,1eq)的悬浮液中加入三氟乙酸酐(3eq)。然后加入三乙胺(3eq)。反应混合物逐渐变成均相,并于0℃搅拌1小时,然后加温至室温过夜。混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并用水和盐水洗涤。有机相经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空下浓缩成固体。该物质不需纯化。用于醚形成的通用方法(通式结构IX):
将VIII溶于适当的醇(0.025M)中,并于油浴中加热到80℃。监测反应混合物中起始物料的消失。混合物冷却至室温,并于真空下除去溶剂得到固体。所得固体用醚研磨并过滤收集。在某些情况下,产物需采用色谱技术进一步纯化。
按照上述通用方法制备以下化合物:
实施例1:R5=Oet,18%纯化的收率;MS(m/z):427(M++1);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.148(t,3H),1.94(m,2H),3.46-3.52(m,4H),4.53(s,2H),4.60(s,2H),4.73(m,2H),4.91(s,2H),7.36(m,3H),7.48(d,1H),7,64(m,2H),7.90(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例2:R5=Ome,95%收率;MS(m/z):413(M++1),435(M++Na);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.99(m,2H),3.36(s,3H),3.54(m,2H),4.58(s,2H),4.66(s,2H),4.79(m,2H),4.96(s,2H),7.40-7.49(m,2H),7.52(d,1H),7.65-7.84(m,2H),7.98(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),9.51(d,1H)。
实施例3:R5=OiPr,31%收率;MS(m/z):441(M++1);1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.15(d,6H,1.92(m,2H),3.45(m,2H),3.67(m,1H),4.52(s,2H),4.61(s,2H),4.73(m,2H),4.89(s,2H),7.3-7.39(m,2H),7.47(d,1H),7.62-7.69(m,2H),7.89(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例4:R5=OCH(CH3)CH2CH3,25%收率;MS(m/z):455(M++1);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.98(t,3H),1.26(d,3H),1.65(m,2H),2.03(m,2H),3.56(m,2H),4.095(m,1H),4.24(s,2H),4.57(m,2H),4.70(m,2H),4.71(s,2H),6.12(s,1H),7.33(t,1H),7.42-7.58(m,4H),7.75(s,1H),9.48(d,1H)。
实施例5:R5=-OCH(CH3)CH2CH3,61%收率;MS(m/z):455(M++1);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.98(t,3H),1.26(d,3H),1.65(m,2H),2.03(m,2H),3.56(m,2H),4.095(m,1H),4.24(s,2H),4.57(m,2H),4.70(m,2H),4.71(s,2H),6.12(s,1H),7.33(t,1H),7.42-7.58(m,4H),7.75(s,1H),9.48(d,1H)。
实施例6:R5=(S)-OCH(CH3)CH2CH3,93%收率;MS(m/z):455(M++1);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.98(t,3H),1.26(d,3H),1.65(m,2H),2.03(m,2H),3.56(m,2H),4.095(m,1H),4.24(s,2H),4.57(m,2H),4.70(m,3H),4.71(s,2H),6.12(s,1H),7.33(t,1H),7.42-7.58(m,4H),7.75(s,1H),9.48(d,1H)。
实施例8:R5=O-nPr,62%收率;MS(m/z):441(M++1),462(M++Na);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):0.88(t,3H),1.55(m,2H),1.933(m,2H),3.36-3.58(m,4H),4.53(s,2H),4.61(s,2H),4.73(m,3H),4.90(s,2H),7.33-7.39(m,2H),7.47(d,1H),7.62-7.70(m,2H),8.54(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例9:R5=O-nBu,92%收率;MS(m/z):455(M++1);1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):0.854(t,3H),1.34(m,2H),1.52(m,2H),1.93(m,2H),3.48(m,2H),4.52(s,2H),4.60(s,2H),4.73(m,3H),4.89(s,2H),7.30-7.42(m,2H),7.47(d,1H),7.62-7.70(m,2H),7.89(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例17:R5=O-tBu,35%收率;MS(m/z):455(M++1),477(M++Na);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.28(s,9H),1.97(m,2H),3.62(m,2H),4.56(s,2H),4.52(s,2H),4.77(m,3H),4.94(s,2H),7.35-7.72(3m,3H),7.72(m,2H),7.90(s,1H),8.8.57(s,1H),9.50(d,1H)。
实施例25:R6=Set,96%收率;MS(m/z):443(M++1);1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.17(t,3H),1.93(m,2H),2.42(q,2H),3.48(m,2H),3.93(s,2H),4.52(s,2H),4.72(m,3H),4.89(s,2H),7.33-7.49(m,3H),7.65(m,2H),7.88(s,1H),8.56(s,1H),9.46(d,1H)。
实施例26:R6=SOCH(CH3)2,MS(m/z):494(M++Na);1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.21(dd,6H),1.93(m,2H),2.82(m,1H),3.49(m,2H),4.12(d,1H),4.23(d,1H),2.52(s,2H),4.75(m,3H),4.88(s,2H),7.33-7.45(m,2H),7.55(d,1H),7.65(d,1H),7.71(d,1H),7.94(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例27:R6=SCH(CH3)2,MS(m/z):457(M++1),479(M++Na);1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):1.31(d,6H),2.34(m,2H),2.86(m,1H),3.98(s,2H),4.29(s,2H),4.45(m,1H),4.74(m,2H),4.92(s,2H),6.07(s,1H),7.39(m,2H),7.51(m,2H),7.57(m,1H),7.80(s,1H),9.53(d,1H)。
实施例37:R6=nPrS(三氟醋酸酯),66%收率;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ0.92(t,3H),1.58(q,2H),2.29(m,2H),2.44(t,2H),3.95(s,2H),4.53(m,4H),4.82(m,2H),4.93(s,2H),7.41(m,2H),7.52(d,1H),7.60(d,1H),7.72(d,1H),7.93(s,1H),8.62(s,1H),9.51(d,1H)。
实施例38:R6=S(C5H4N),51%收率;MS(ESI):m/e 514(M++Na);1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ1.014(m,2H),3.45(m,2H),4.51(s,2H),4.60(s,2H),4.72(m,3H),4.85(s,2H),7.11(m,1H),7.30-7.41(m,3H),7.54-7.67(m,4H),8.02(s,1H),8.48(d,1H,J=3.97),8.55(s,1H),9.46(d,1H,J=7.36)。
实施例39:R6=S(C4H3N2),52%收率;MS(m/z):493(M++H);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.93(m,2H),3.45(m,2H),4.51(s,3H),4.60(s,2H),4.72(m,2H),4.88(s,2H),7.22(t,1H),7.32-7.68(m,6H),8.05(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),8.66(d,1H),9.46(d,1H)。
实施例30:R5=H,44%收率;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):4.13(s,2H),4.64(s,2H),4.89(s,2H),7.28-7.42(m,3H),7.53(d,1H),7.64(d,1H),7.89(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),9.34(d,1H),11.83(s,1H)。
实施例31:R5=Oet,83%收率;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.18(t,3H),3.55(q,2H),4.62(s,2H),4.93(s,2H),7.34-7.46(m,3H),7.58(d,1H),7.68(d,1H),7.92(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),9.39(d,1H),11.91(s,1H)。
实施例32:R5=OiPr,41%纯化收率;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.15(d,6H),3.68(m,1H),4.13(s,2H),4.59(s,2H),4.89(s,2H),7.28-7.42(m,3H),7.54(d,1H),7.64(d,1H),7.88(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),9.35(d,1H),11.87(s,1H)。制备化合物XI:
氮气下,向1,2-二氯乙烷/二氯甲烷(1∶1,8mL)中的氯化铝(3eq)悬浮液中加入乙酰氯(3eq)。反应混合物变成均相,并在冰浴中冷却至0℃。滴加二氯甲烷(3mL)中的B(0.84mmol,leq)悬浮液,混合物变为褐色。除去冰浴,将反应混合物加温至室温。混合物加热回流2小时,然后冷却至室温。HPLC显示已没有起始物料。混合物倾入冰水,并加入浓HCl(5mL)。过滤收集形成的沉淀并干燥。340mg(89%收率),MS(m/z):453(M++1);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):2.02(s,3H),2.18(m,2H),2.74(s,3H),4.12(m,2H),4.56(s,2H),4.83(m,2H),5.05(s,2H),7.43(m,2H),7.68(d,1H),7.86(d,1H),8.17(d,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.72(1H),9.53(d,1H)。
实施例33:
于0℃、氮气下,向THF(6mL)中的XI(0.18mmol,1eq)悬浮液中加入硼氢化锂(10eq)。反应混合物于0℃搅拌1小时,然后加温至室温4小时。混合物冷却至0℃,并慢慢地滴加甲醇。在淬灭过量硼氢化物期间观察到猛烈的气体放出。反应混合物于室温下搅拌过夜。反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用水和盐水洗涤。有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空下浓缩成白色固体69mg(90%收率)。MS(m/z):413(M++1),435(M++Na);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.41(d,3H),1.92(m,2H),3.46(m,2H),4.52(s,2H),4.71(m,3H),4.89(s,3H),5.18(s,1H),7.32-7.39(m,2H),7.50(d,1H),7.64(m,2H),7.89(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),9.46(d,1H)。
采用三-三氟醋酸酯为中间体,按制备醚形成的通用方法制备以下化合物:
实施例10:R5=Oet,68%收率;MS(m/z):441(M++1),395(M++-OCH2CH3);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.08(t,3H),1.41(d,3H),1.93(m,2H),3.47(m,2H),4.52(s,2H),4.60(m,1H),4.73(m,2H),4.90(m,2H),7.33-7.39(m,2H),7.47(d,1H),7.63(d,1H),7.69(d,1H),7.86(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
10经反相HPLC分离,得到异构体11和12。
实施例11(手性):R5=Oet,MS(m/z):441(M++1),395(M++-OCH2CH3)。
实施例12(手性):R5=Oet,MS(m/z):441(M++1),395(M++-OCH2CH3)。
实施例13(手性):R5=Ome,76%收率;MS(m/z):427(M++1);1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.45(d,3H),1.98(m,2H),3.14(s,3H),3.50(m,2H),4.58(m,3H),7.75(m,2H),4.93(s,2H),7.33(m,2H),7.48(d,1H),7.67(d,1H),7.72(d,1H),7.88(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),9.49(d,1H)。
实施例15:R5=Obu,73%收率;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):0.81(t,3H),1.27-1.43(m,7H),1.93(m,2H),3.48(m,2H),4.53(s,2H),4.58(m,1H),4.73(m,4H),4.92(m,2H),7.33-7.39(m,2H),7.46(d,1H),7.63(d,1H),7.69(d,1H),7.86(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例16:R5=OiPr,63%收率;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.01(d,3H),1.10(d,3H),1.38(d,3H),1.95(m,2H),3.47(m,2H),3.98(q,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.52(s,2H),4.74(m,3H),4.90(m,2H),7.33-7.39(m,2H),7.48(d,1H),7.62-7.69(m,2H),7.87(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),9.47(d,1H)。
实施例35:R5=H,98%收率;MS(m/z):455(M++1),337(M+-H2O);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.45(d,3H),4.25(m,3H),4.86(s,2H),5.16(d,1H),7.28-7.39(m,2H),7.43(d,1H),7.56(d,1H),7.66(d,1H),7.92(s,1H),8,49(s,1H),9.35(d,1H),11.78(s,1H)。
实施例36:R5=Ome,50%收率;MS(m/z):369(M++1);1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):1.43(d,3H),3.16(s,3H),4.15(m,2H),4.49(m,1H),4.93(s,2H),7.32-7.40(m,3H),7.58(d,1H),7.67(d,1H),7.84(s,1H),8.50(s,1H),9.44(d,1H),11.87(s,1H)。
实施例34:R5=H,(77%收率,2步);MS(m/z):427(M++1),409(M+-H2O);1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):0.848(t,3H),1.70(m,2H),1.93(m,2H),3.47(m,2H),4.52(s,2H),4.61(m,1H),4.72(m,3H),4.89(s,2H),5.14(s,1H),7.29-7.39(m,2H),7.44(d,1H),7.64(m,2H),7.87(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),9.46(d,1H)。用于实施例3酯形成通用方法:
向烘干的3-L、3颈圆底烧瓶(配有机械搅拌器、与氩气球连接的三通旋阀和浸没式温度计)中加入化合物3(148.6mmol),然后加入无水N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(654mL)。于35℃,向澄清的红色溶液中先后加入4-(二甲氨基)吡啶(DMAP)(0.5eq)、氨基酸(2.5eq)和1-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(2.5eq)。反应悬浮液加热至42-45℃2小时,先后加入追加量的DMAP(0.08eq)、氨基酸(0.5eq)和1-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.5eq)。1.5小时以后,反应混合物冷却至0-5℃,并用水淬灭。除去冷却水浴,所得浅黄悬浮液于室温下搅拌1小时。过滤悬浮液,用水洗涤至pH=8,用家用真空(housevacuum)干燥过夜。浅黄固体不完全干燥,将其溶于二氯甲烷中,并分离水层。有机相盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,用硅藻土过滤,并用旋转蒸发器浓缩成粗制固体。将粗品再溶于二氯甲烷中,并移至3-L、3颈圆底烧瓶(配有机械搅拌器)中。于室温下,在连续搅拌下,将乙酸乙酯(1L)滴加到澄清的红色溶液中,用时70min。加入乙酸乙酯(15mL)后,有沉淀形成。浆状物搅拌2.5h,然后过滤收集固体。沉淀依次用乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯/甲基·叔丁基醚(3∶2)混合物和甲基·叔丁基醚洗涤,然后干燥得到米色固体。78%收率。
实施例18:MS(m/z):498(M++1)
实施例19:MS(m/z):566(M++1)
实施例20:MS(m/z):569(M++1)
实施例21:MS(m/z):512(M++1)
实施例22:MS(m/z):554(M++1)
实施例23:MS(m/z):526(M++1)
实施例24:MS(m/z):554(M++1)制备XIII:
将实施例31(0.33mmol)溶于DMF(10mL)中,经蒸馏除去半数体积。将烧瓶冷却至室温,并加入氢化钠(1eq),混合物搅拌1h。加入甲磺酰基缩水甘油(1.5eq),混合物加温至50℃24h,然后冷却至室温。过滤混合物,并于真空下除去溶剂。反应混合物经硅胶柱色谱法纯化,得到收率为73%的XIII。1.19(t,3H),2.78(t,1H),3.53(m,4H),4.53(s,2H),4.65(s,2H),4.78(dd,1H),4.96(s,2H),5.20(d,1H),7.35-7.47(m,2H),7.51(d,1H),7.68(d,1H),7.75(d,1H),7.95(s,1H),8.62(s,1H),9.55(d,1H)。实施例7:
将化合物XIII(100mg)溶于THF(10mL)中,并滴加三乙基硼氢化物(2mL)。反应混合物加热至70℃4h。混合物冷却至室温,并加入1NHCl。真空下除去溶剂,所得物质置于甲醇/水混合物中。过滤收集所得沉淀,干燥。1.19(t,3H),1.25(d,3H),3.55(q,2H),4.13(m,2H),4.58(s,2H),4.61(s,2H),4.64(s,2H),4.93(s,2H),4.97(t,1H),7.34-7.45(m,2H),7.49(d,1H),7.69(t,2H),7.92(s,1H),8.57(s,1H),9.50(d,1H)。
实施例14:
向二氯甲烷/甲醇/HMPA(4∶2∶1mL)中的XIV(0.75mmol)悬浮液中加入碳酸铯(4.0eq)。反应混合物搅拌30min。然后加入乙醛。TLC显示另外加入乙醛变化很小。混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,并用水和盐水洗涤。有机相经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空中浓缩。用柱色谱法分离出粗品XV(33%收率)。将XV(0.3mmol)溶于二氯甲烷中,并冷却至0℃。向溶液中加入乙硫醇(2滴)和三氟乙酸(TFA,1滴),混合物于0℃搅拌1h。混合物加温至室温并搅拌1h。向反应混合物中加入另外的TFA(2滴),反应在30分钟之后进行完全。采用二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,经硅胶柱色谱法纯化产物。分离出单一非对映体65mg(53%)。0.52(d,3H),1.21(t,3H),2.47(q,2H),3.96(s,2H),4.49(s,1H),4.86(m,1H),4.94(s,2H),6.18(s,1H),7.35-7.45(m,3H),7.64(d,1H),7.72(d,1H),7.92(s,1H),8.57(s,1H),9.41(d,1H),10.99(s,1H)。制备XVII:
于60-65℃,向TFA中的六亚甲基四胺(1.6g,11.4mmol)溶液中加入XVI(2.0g,4.6mmol)。搅拌2h后,将反应冷却至室温,然后滴加到2N H2SO4-丙酮(150mL)(2∶1)中。收集固体,并悬浮于二氧戊环(150mL)中,加热回流30分钟。过滤除去不溶物,溶剂浓缩至约25mL。加入甲醇(50mL)使产物沉淀,收集沉淀并干燥,得到700mg米黄色的固体。MS ES+467(M++1)。
实施例28:
向CHCl3/甲醇(60mL,5/1)中的XVII(500mg,1.1mmol)悬浮液中加入固体NaBH4(200mg)。溶液于室温下搅拌4h。减压除去CHCl3,然后加入2N HCl。溶液搅拌2h,然后收集并干燥,得到420mg米色固体。MS(ES+)469(M++1)。将粗醇悬浮于CHCl3-MeOH(25mL+10mL)中,然后加入0.7mL NaOMe(1M),接着于室温下搅拌12小时。浓缩溶剂,固体用甲醇研磨,收集产物,得到二醇420mg(84%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ3.8(m,2 H),4.55(s,2H),4.63(d,2H),4.75(m,2H),4.97(s,2H),5.0,(m,1H),5.23(m,1H),7.34-7.51(m,4H),7.68(m,2H),7.94(s,1H),8.57(s,1H),9.51(d,1H)。MS(ES+)385(M++1)。
实施例24:
向CHCl3中的实施例28(50mg,0.13mmol)悬浮液中加入樟脑磺酸(30mg,0.26mmol)和乙硫醇(0.39mmol),然后于氮气下搅拌12。加入过量CHCl3,溶液用Na2CO3溶液(2M)、水、盐水洗涤并干燥(MgSO4)。浓缩溶剂,用甲醇研磨后收集产物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz):δ1.1,2.3(m,2H),3.85(m,2H),4.0(s,2H),5.5(s,2H),4.8(m,2H),4.9(s,2H),5.0(t,1H),7.35-7.5(m,4H),7.7(m,2H),8.6(s,1H),9.5(d,1H),(m,3H),MS(ES+)429,451(M+1,+23)。
实施例40
向DMF(10mL)中的实施例3(210mg,0.48mmol)溶液中加入DMAP(1mg)、Et3N(267μL,1.92mmol)和tBDMSCl(220mg,1.47mmol)。搅拌20h后,将混合物置于EtOAc中,并用NaHCO3水溶液、水和盐水先后洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到残余物,该残余物经柱色谱法(硅胶,10%EtOAc/己烷)纯化得到225.1mg中间体XVIII(70%)。
用吡啶中的0.25M Triton B溶液(100μL,0.025mmol),处理吡啶中(4mL)中XVIII(68.1mg,0.10mmol)与低聚甲醛(63.1mg,2.1mmol)的混合物。搅拌2h后,加入另外的吡啶中的Triton B溶液(150μL,0.038mmol)。1h后,将混合物置于EtOAc中,并用CuSO4水溶液彻底洗涤。用水、NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤后,有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到残余物,该残余物经柱色谱法(硅胶,22%EtOAc/己烷)纯化得到45.2mg IXX(64%),该产物具有以下谱特性:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ9.42(d,1H,J=7.7),7.97(s,1H),7.75-7.72(m,2H),7.52(d,1H,J=8.5),7.44(dd,1H,J=7.7,7.5),7.36(dd,1H,J=7.7,7.5),5.13(m,1H),5.04(s,2H),4.77(m,1H),4.70(s,2H),4.10(m,1H),3.76(sep,1H,J=6.1),3.54(m,1H),3.44(m,1H),3.31(m,3H),1.79(m,2H),1.22(m,6H),1.07(s,9H),0.85(s,9H),0.52(s,6H),0.00(s,3H),-0.03(s,3H);MS m/z699(M++H)。
向iPrOH(10ml)中的XXI(22.5mg,0.032mmol)溶液中加入TMSCl(100μL),混合物搅拌2.5h。蒸发溶剂后,残余物用醚(3×1ml)研磨并干燥,得到10.8mg实施例40(72%),其谱特性如下:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)9.49(d,1H,J=7.7),8.59(s,1H),7.96(s,1H),7.80(d,1H,J=7.3),7.77(d,1H,J=8.5),7.55(d,1H,J=7.3),7.45(m,1H),7.37(m,1H),4.98(m,3H),4.78(m,2H),4.70(s,2H),4.20-4.16(m,2H),3.76(sep,1H,J=6.1),3.38(m,1H),3.36-3.25(m,2H),1.8(m,2H),1.23(d,6H,J=6.1);MS m/z 471(M+H)。抑制血管内皮生长因子受体激酶活性
采用如下所述的trkA激酶ELISA分析法,对稠合吡咯并咔唑化合物进行了试验,以研究它们对杆状病毒表达的VEGF受体(人flk-1、KDR、VEGFR2)激酶域的激酶活性的抑制作用。将包含50mMHepes(pH7.4)、40μM ATP,10mM MnCl2、0.1%BSA、2%DMSO以及不同浓度抑制剂的激酶反应混合物移至包被有PLC-γ/GST的平板上。加入VEGFR激酶,反应在37℃下进行15min。加入抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体(UBI),检测磷酸化产物。加入次级酶结合抗体,捕获抗体-磷酸化PLCγ/GST配合物。通过放大检测系统(Gibco-BRL)测定结合酶的活性。在GraphPad棱柱中用S形的剂量-效应(可变斜率)方程分析抑制数据。结果如表III所示。
表III:VEGFR抑制
抑制混合谱系激酶-1(MLK1)的活性
化合物 | VEGFR2(IC50或%抑制@300nM) |
A | 107 |
B | 48 |
C | 17% |
D | 200 |
1 | 4 |
2 | 17 |
3 | 7 |
4 | 12 |
5 | 12 |
6 | 19 |
化合物 | VEGFR2(IC50或%抑制@300nM) |
7 | 25 |
8 | 13 |
9 | 18 |
10 | 83 |
11 | 65 |
12 | 240 |
13 | 73 |
14 | 72 |
15 | 130 |
16 | 411 |
17 | 11 |
18 | 23 |
19 | 60% |
20 | 31 |
21 | 48% |
22 | 18 |
23 | 57% |
24 | 31% |
25 | 21 |
26 | 31% |
27 | 57 |
28 | 34% |
29 | 208 |
30 | 302 |
31 | 77 |
32 | 33% |
33 | 111 |
34 | 7 |
化合物 | VEGFR2(IC50或%抑制@300nM) |
35 | 37% |
36 | 12% |
37 | 37% |
38 | 45% |
39 | 13% |
40 | 16 |
采用用于蛋白激酶C的Millipore Multiscreen TCA“板内”格式,分析MLK1的激酶活性(Pitt & Lee,J.Biomol.Screening,1:47-51,1996)。每50μL分析混合物中包含20mM Hepes(7.2)、5mM EGTA、15mM MgCl2、25mMβ-磷酸甘油、60μM ATP、0.25μCi[γ-32P]ATP、0.1%BSA、500μg/ml髓鞘碱性蛋白(UBI#13-104)、2%DMSO、1μM待试化合物和1μg/ml的杆状病毒GST-MLKlKD。样品于37℃保温15min。加入冰冷的50%TCA中止反应,蛋白质于4℃沉淀30min。然后用冰冷的25%TCA洗涤平板。加入Supermix闪烁合剂,在用WallacMicroBeta 1450 PLUS闪烁计数器计数以前,先使平板平衡1-2小时。抑制混合谱系激酶-2(MLK2)的活件
析采用用于MLK1的Millipore Multiscreen TCA平板格式。每50μL分析混合物中包含20mM Hepes(pH7.2)、5mM EGTA、15mMMgCl2、25mMβ-磷酸甘油、100μM ATP、0.25μCi[γ-32P]ATP、0.1%BSA、500μg/ml髓鞘碱性蛋白(UBI#13-104)、2%DMSO、各种浓度的待试化合物和3μg/ml的杆状病毒GST-MLK2KDLZ。样品于37℃保温15min。加入冰冷的50%TCA中止反应,蛋白质于4℃沉淀30min。然后用冰冷的25%TCA洗涤平板。加入Supermix闪烁合剂,在计数以前,先使平板平衡1-2小时。抑制混合谱系激酶-3(MLK3)的活性
分析采用用于MLK1的Millipore Multiscreen TCA平板格式。每50μL分析混合物中包含20mM Hepes(pH7.2)、5mM EGTA、15mMMgCl2、25mMβ-磷酸甘油、100μM ATP、0.25μCi[γ-32P]ATP、0.1%BSA、500μg/ml髓鞘碱性蛋白(UBI#13-104)、2%DMSO、各种浓度的待试化合物和2μg/ml的杆状病毒GST-MLK3KD。样品于37℃保温15min。加入冰冷的50%TCA中止反应,蛋白质于4℃沉淀30min。然后用冰冷的25%TCA洗涤平板。加入Supermix闪烁合剂,在计数以前,先使平板平衡1-2小时。
表IV:MLK抑制
------IC50(nM) 或%抑制 @100nM-------.
抑制trkA酪氨酸激酶的活性
化合物 | MLK1 | MLK2 | MLK3 |
A | 22 | 39% | 8 |
B | 31 | 46% | 17 |
C | 8% | 0% | 30% |
D | 45 | 43% | |
1 | 21 | 4 | |
2 | 15 | 8 | |
3 | 17 | 9 | |
4 | 15 | 4 |
5 | 27 | 45% | 16 |
6 | 38 | 51% | 19 |
7 | 85% | 30 | |
8 | 19 | 76% | 13 |
9 | 26 | 15 | |
10 | 37 | 15 | |
11 | 78 | 20 | |
12 | 28 | 131 | 16 |
13 | 20 | 62% | 26 |
14 | 93% | 9 | |
15 | 41 | 27 | |
16 | 66% | 49% | |
17 | 35 | 50% | |
18 | 47 | 23 | |
19 | 44% | 28% | |
20 | 42 | 229 | 32 |
21 | 40% | ||
22 | 74 | 170 | 28 |
23 | 31% | ||
24 | 62% | 55% | |
25 | 22 | 12 | |
26 | 59 | ||
27 | 22 |
28 | 76 | 74 | |
29 | 9 | 64% | 5 |
30 | 30 | ||
31 | 46 | 29 | |
32 | 24 | 19 | |
33 | 50 | 16 | |
34 | 45% | 32% | |
35 | 60% | 62% | |
36 | 26 | 41% | |
37 | 17 | ||
38 | 58% | 30 | |
39 | 55% | 56% | |
40 | 21 | 86 |
采用前述的ELISA基分析方法,对选定的异构的稠合吡咯并咔唑和异吲哚酮进行了分析,以研究它们对杆状病毒表达的人trkA细胞质域的激酶活性的抑制能力(Angeles等,Anal.Biochem.236:49-55,1996)。简单地说,将96孔微量滴定板涂敷酶底物(重组人磷脂酶C-γl/谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白(Rotin等,EMBO J.11:559-567,1992)。在100μL分析混合物中进行抑制试验,所述混合物中包含50mM Hepes(pH7.4)、40μM ATP、10mM MnCl2、0.1%BSA、2%DMSO和不同浓度的抑制剂。加入trkA激酶引发反应,并在37℃进行15分钟。然后加入磷酸酪氨酸抗体(UBI),接着加入次级酶结合抗体、碱性磷酸酶标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG(Bio-Rad)。通过放大的检测系统(Gibco-BRL)测定结合酶的活性。在GraphPad棱柱中,用S形的剂量-效应(可变斜率)方程分析抑制数据。使激酶活性抑制50%的浓度称为“IC50”。抑制全细胞制剂中NGF-刺激的trk磷酸化作用
采用以前描述方法(参见US5,516,771)的下述改良方法,研究了本发明化合物对trk的NGF-刺激的磷酸化作用的抑制作用。在100mm平皿中培养trkA转染的NIH3T3细胞。于37℃,用包含化合物(100nM和1μM)或DMSO(作为对照)的0.05%BSA-DMEM(不含血清)代替培养基,对分会合细胞进行缺血清培养lhr。然后向细胞中加入浓度为10ng/ml的NGF(Harlan/Bioproducts for Science),用时5分钟。在包含去垢剂和蛋白酶抑制剂的缓冲液中溶解细胞。用BCA方法将澄清的细胞溶解物标准化为蛋白质,并用抗trk抗体进行免疫沉淀。多克隆的抗trk抗体对抗相应于trk羧基端基上的14个氨基酸的肽(Martin-Zanca等,Mol.Cell.Biol.9:24-33,1989)。
在蛋白A Sepharose珠(Sigma Chem.公司,St.Lois,MO)上收集免疫复合物。用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分离,并移至聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上。用抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体(UBI)进行膜的免疫印迹,接着与辣根过氧化酶结合的山羊抗小鼠IgG(Bio-Rad Laboratories,Hercules,CA)一起保温。用ECL(Amersham Life Science公司,ArlingtonHeights,IL)目测磷酸化蛋白质。测定trk蛋白质带的面积,并与NGF-刺激的对照物比较。基于trk蛋白质带减少的百分率,记录抑制结果,评分标准如下:0=没有降低;1=1-25%;2=26-49%;3=50-75%;4=76-100%。抑制血小板衍生生长因子受体激酶活性
采用上述trkA激酶ELISA法,对异构的稠合吡咯并咔唑和异吲哚酮化合物进行了测试,以研究它们对杆状病毒表达的PDGFβ受体激酶域的激酶活性的抑制作用。分析在涂有酶底物(PLC-γ/GST)的96孔微量滴定板中进行。每100μL反应混合物中包含50mM Hepes(pH7.4)、20μM ATP、10mM MnCl2、0.1%BSA、2%DMSO和不同浓度的抑制剂。加入预磷酸化的重组人酶(10ng/ml PDGFRβ)引发反应,并于37℃进行15分钟。在使用之前,将激酶置于包含20μM ATP和10mMMnCl2的缓冲液中4℃保温1小时,配制预磷酸化的酶。加入辣根过氧化酶(HRP)结合的抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体(UBI),检测磷酸化产物。HRP底物溶液包含3,3′-5,5′-四甲基联苯胺,接着加入过氧化氢,并将平板置于室温下保温10分钟。用酸淬灭反应,用Microplate Bio-kineticsReader(Bio-Tek Instrument EL 312e),于450nm处测定吸收度。在GraphPad棱柱中,用S形的剂量-效应(可变斜率)方程分析抑制数据。
尽管上面对本发明作了非常详细的描述,但是对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可对本发明的实施方案和优选实施方案加以变化和改进,所有此类变化和改进均在本发明的范畴和精神中。因此,所附权利要求书涵盖落入本发明范围内的所有等价变化。
Claims (15)
式I其中:
R1和R2相同或者不同,并独立地选自H,或者被-OH或者-OR4取代的1-8个(包含)碳原子的烷基,其中R4为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,芳基或者除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;和
R3为-CH2OH;-CH2OR7;-(CH2)nSR5;-(CH2)nS(O)yR5;-CH2SR5;或者被-OH、-OR5、-OR8、-CH2OR7、-S(O)yR6或-SR6取代的1-8个(包括)碳原子的烷基;和其中
R5为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者芳基;
R6为H、1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者6-10个碳原子的芳基;
R7为H或者1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基;
R8为除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
n是1-4(包含)的整数;和
y是1或者2。
式II其中:
R1和R2相同或者不同,并独立地选自H,或者被-OH或者-OR4取代的1-8个(包含)碳原子的烷基,其中R4为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,芳基或者除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;和
R3为-CH2OH;-CH2OR7;-(CH2)nSR5;-(CH2)nS(O)yR5;-CH2SR5;或者被-OH、-OR5、-OR8、-CH2OR7、-S(O)yR6或-SR6取代的1-8个(包括)碳原子的烷基;和其中
R5为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者芳基;
R6为H、1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者6-10个碳原子的芳基;
R7为H或者1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基;
R8为除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
n是1-4(包含)的整数;和
y是1或者2。
3.如权利要求1或2的化合物,其中
R1为被-OH或者-OR4取代的1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基,其中R4为除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基;
R2为H;和
R3为被-OH、-OR5、-OR8、-CH2OR7、-S(O)yR6或-SR6取代的1-4个(包括)碳原子的烷基;和其中
R5为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者芳基;
R6为H、1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基或者6-10个碳原子的芳基;
R7为H或者1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基;和
R8为除去羧基上的羟基后的氨基酸残基。
4.如权利要求1或2的化合物,其中
R1为-CH2CH2CH2OH或者-CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2N(CH3)2;
R2为H;和
R3为-CH2OR7,其中R7为1-4个(包含)碳原子的烷基。
5.权利要求1或2的化合物,如表I所示:
表I
化合物
R1
R2
R3
1
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OCH2CH3
2
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OCH3
3
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
4
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3
5
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
(S)-CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3
6
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
-CH2OCH(CH3)CH2CH3
7
CH2CHOHCH3
H
CH2OCH2CH3
8
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OCH2CH2CH3
9
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH3
10
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH(CH3)OCH2CH3
11
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
(chiral)CH(CH3)OCH2CH3
12
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
(chiral)CH(CH3)OCH2CH3
13
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH(CH3)OCH3
化合物
R1
R2
R3
14
H
CH2CHOHCH
CH2OCH2CH3
15
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH(CH3)OCH2CH2CH2CH3
16
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH(CH3)OCH(CH3)2
17
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OC(CH3)3
18
CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2NH2
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
19
CH2CH2CH2OCOCH(NH2)CH2-CH2CH2CH2NH2
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
20
CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2NH2
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
21
CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2-CH2N(CH3)2
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
22
CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2N(CH3)2
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
23
CH2CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2CH2-CH2CH2NH2
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
24
CH2CH2OH
H
CH2SCH2CH3
25
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2SCH2CH3
26
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2S(O)CH(CH3)2
27
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2SCH(CH3)2
28
CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OH
29
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2OH
30
H
H
CH2OH
31
H
H
CH2OCH2CH3
32
H
H
CH2OCH(CH3)2
33
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH(OH)CH3
34
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH(OH)CH2CH3
35
H
H
CH(OH)CH3
36
H
H
(+/-)CH(OCH3)CH3
37
CH2CH2CH2OCOCF3
H
CH2SCH2CH2CH3
38
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2S(2-pyridyl)
39
CH2CH2CH2OH
H
CH2S(2-pyrimidyl)
40
CH2CH2CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OCH(CH3)2
6.包括权利要求1所述化合物的药物组合物。
7.治疗或者预防前列腺病症方法,包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1所述化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。
8.如权利要求7的方法,其中前列腺病症是前列腺癌或者良性前列腺增生。
9.治疗或者预防血管生成病症的方法,包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1所述化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。
10.如权利要求9的方法,其中血管生成病症是实体瘤癌、眼疾、黄斑变性、子宫内膜异位、糖尿病性视网膜病、牛皮癣或者成血管细胞瘤。
11.治疗或者预防病理病症的方法,包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1所述化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。
12.如权利要求11的方法,其中病理学病症是瘤形成、类风湿性关节炎、慢性关节炎、肺纤维化、骨髓纤维化、伤口愈合异常、动脉粥样硬化或者再狭窄。
13.用于治疗或者预防神经变性疾病和病症、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化、帕金森病、中风、局部缺血、亨廷顿舞蹈病、AIDS痴呆、癫痫症、多发性硬化、周围神经病、化学疗法导致的周围神经病、AID相关的周围神经病或者脑或脊索损伤的方法,包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1所述化合物给予需要这种治疗或者预防的宿主。
14.治疗或者预防多发性骨髓瘤和白血病的方法,包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1所述化合物给予需要这种治疗或预防的宿主。
15.如权利要求14的方法,其中白血病是急性粒细胞白血病、慢性粒细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病或者慢性淋巴细胞性白血病。
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CN1918162B (zh) * | 2003-12-23 | 2014-05-14 | 赛福伦公司 | 新的稠合吡咯并咔唑类化合物 |
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