CN1439349A - 短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件，有一个腰部孔及二个腿部孔，所述的吸收件包括被围在两个表面薄片之间的一个细长的吸收体，两个表面薄片在吸收体的相对的前端部和后端部有在横向上越过在它们的两个侧面上的吸收体伸展的侧面部分，其中相对着的前和后侧面部分被连接在一起，其特征在于一个分开的材料带在每一对相对着的前和后侧面部分之间伸展，并在这些侧面部分之间形成一个连接部分，所述的材料带固紧到侧面部分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件。
背景技术
对于年龄稍大的带尿布的儿童，当今的成一个整体的尿布正在越来越多地被短衬裤型尿布(或所谓训练衬裤)取代。短衬裤型尿布有许多优点。它们对于穿用者非常贴身，当儿童处于站立状态时容易穿上和脱下，在被穿到儿童身上后被牢固地保持在其位置，并且当儿童活动时以一种舒服的方式适合儿童的体形。另外，短衬裤型尿布与传统的衬裤类似，很容易理解将怎样使用短衬裤尿布，从而使得年龄大一些的儿童在许多情况下他们可以自己进行穿上短衬裤尿布时所需要的简单操作。
EP-A2-0320991确定了一种短衬裤型尿布，生产它是靠以在引言中描述到方式对上述种类的一块坯料进行折叠，然后用超声焊接或胶粘的方法把侧面部分的设定了边界的侧面边缘紧固在一起。以这样的方法制作的短衬裤型尿布将必须至少有两个向外伸展的侧面焊缝，当穿上该短衬裤型尿布时这些焊缝承受方向通常为与被接合的表面垂直的负载或作用力，即所谓
撕裂作用力。结果，侧面焊缝必须足够强，以便承受它们所受到的作用力，这意味着当把表面连接在一起时以及当挑选进行连接的材料时需要非常严格。从审美的观点看来焊缝也不是吸引人的，从商业的观点看来这有负面的影响。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤，它的侧面焊缝从负载的观点看来比受到撕裂作用力的侧面焊缝更优越，并且它的侧面部分在审美上是吸引人的。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明提供了一种短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件，有一个腰部孔及二个腿部孔，所述的吸收件包括被围在两个表面薄片之间的一个细长的吸收体，两个表面薄片在吸收体的相对的前端部和后端部有在横向上越过在它们的两个侧面上的吸收体伸展的侧面部分，其中相对着的前和后侧面部分被连接在一起，其特征在于一个分开的材料带在每一对相对着的前和后侧面部分之间伸展，并在这些侧面部分之间形成一个连接部分，所述的材料带固紧到侧面部分的内表面或外表面。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明还提供了一种短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件，有一个腰部孔及二个腿部孔，所述的吸收件包括被围在两个表面薄片之间的一个细长的吸收体，两个表面薄片在吸收体的相对的前端部和后端部有在横向上越过在它们的两个侧面上的吸收体伸展的侧面部分，其中相对着的前和后侧面部分被连接在一起，其特征在于一个分开的材料带在每一对相对着的前和后侧面部分之间伸展，并在这些侧面部分之间形成一个连接部分，所述的材料带固紧在各对前和后侧面部分中的相对的前和后侧面部分之一个的内表面上或固定到各对前和后侧面部分中的相对的前和后侧面部分之另一个的外表面上。
附图说明
现在将参考着附图更详细地描述本发明，在附图中：
图1示意性地示出了用来生产按照本发明的短衬裤型尿布并采用所发明的方法的工厂机器；
图2从上方示出了图1所示的坯料带的一部分，此部分所在的生产步骤为紧靠在把坯料折叠起来并连接在一起以便制作出短衬裤型尿布之前；
图3为图2中在III-III线上取的剖面图；
图4为按照本发明的方法制作的短衬裤型尿布的透视图；
图5示出了适宜于在所发明的短衬裤型尿布坯料上使用的波纹式折叠带，这种坯料是靠横向的生产方法制作出来，即把吸收体放在运动的材料带上，吸收体的纵向轴线与坯料带的运动方向垂直；
图6示出了适宜于在所发明的短衬裤型尿布坯料上使用的波纹式折叠带，这种坯料是靠纵向的生产方法制作出来，即把吸收体放在运动的材料带上，吸收体的纵向轴线与坯料带的运动方向平行；
图7和8示出了被折叠的带，它包括可脱开并可以再紧固的紧固件，适宜于在所发明的短衬裤型尿布坯料上使用；以及
图9以透视图示出了短衬裤型尿布的第二实施例，它在其侧面部分上包括图7的带。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了用来制作短衬裤型尿布的工厂机器，它包括一条传送装置路径1，靠此装置把由储存卷轴3取出的表面材料2在图1中由左向右传送。一个装置4位于卷轴3的下游，该装置以规则的间隔把吸收体5放到下面的表面材料带2上。一个装置6位于装置4的下游，装置6把弹性件以一种专门的图案放到表面材料带2上或正好在表面材料带2的上方。这些弹性件之一在图1中示意地示出，它们最好由弹性线或窄带构成，这些弹性件形成所制作成的短衬裤型尿布的腰部和腿部弹性件。位于装置6的下游的是引导滚轮8，它的功能是把第二表面材料带9引导到第一带2上，而在引导滚轮8的下游是装置11，它使两个表面材料带靠在一起，并把它们在吸收体5外面的那些部分上彼此紧固。这里描述的工厂机器的功能与用来制作传统的成一个整体的尿布所采用的工厂机器相同，并且离开装置11的复合产品将由类似于在传统的工厂中生产的成一个整体的尿布的一条连续的短衬裤型尿布坯料串构成，这条坯料串包括被围在两个表面薄片之间的吸收体，也包括弹性件。在这一生产步骤中，短衬裤型尿布的坯料与典型的尿布坯料的不同主要在于腰部弹性件的形状与尿布坯料可能设有的腰部弹性件不同，这将在下面看得更清楚。装置4，6，8和11最好为已知的装置，它们适宜于用来生产上述类型的短衬裤型尿布坯料。因为不需要为了理解本发明而详细地描述这些装置的结构，所以将不进一步描述这些装置。
位于在装置11的下游的是装置12，它的功能是把被折叠了的带13装到相互连接的坯料的在下面运动着的带上。装置12最好将包括柱塞，可以对着表面薄片9对涂了胶的带13施压。
图2从上方示出了在坯料带由装置12出来之后的被相互连接起来的坯料带的一个截面。在该图中所示的截面包括一个完整的短衬裤型尿布坯料B和两个相互邻接的坯料部分A和C。如由该图将看到的那样，装置6铺设了多根弹性线7，它们顺序地在该坯料的横向上伸展，并形成了制作成的短衬裤型尿布的腰部弹性件，装置6还绕着由坯料带切出的开口15铺设了弹性线14，这些线形成了制作成的短衬裤型尿布的腿部弹性件。最好在把表面薄片连接在一起时借助于某种适当的装置(比如借助于在装置11中包括的一个穿孔器或紧靠在装置11的下游的一个穿孔器)由坯料带上切出这些开口。
坯料A，B，C包括一个前边缘16，一个后边缘17，被吸收体5的相对着的长边缘和所述长边缘的延长线定出边界的中间部分18，在中间部分18的两个侧面上的前侧面部分19，20和后侧面部分21，22，这些部分分别由各自的前边缘16和后边缘17规定边界，开口15位于中间部分的各自侧边上，并且位于各坯料A，B和C之间的假想的分割线(这些线在图2中以点划线示出)上。在适当的情况下，不同的尿布的部分19-22在图2中还借助于后缀A-C进行区分，以便清楚地区分不同坯料的相应部分。如图3所示，被装到侧面部分19，20上的带13是单次折叠的，带13与各自的折边一起平行于侧面部分的侧边缘伸展，从而该带的在所述的侧面部分中被彼此朝向地折叠的那些边缘将彼此面对着。
由图2和3中所示的坯料生产出短衬裤型尿布，其实现是简单地靠以图3中的箭头所示的方向把坯料折叠，从而边缘16和17将彼此相对，并靠把表面薄片9紧固到带13上与它相连接。与使边缘16，17靠在一起的同时把胶粘道23以适当的方式施加到单次折叠的带13上。自然，胶粘道可以在对坯料进行折叠之前另外施加到后侧面部分21，22上的表面薄片9上。
图1中所示的生产装置在装置11的下游包括装置24，靠此装置坯料带被折叠到一起，把坯料的前和后侧面部分彼此连接起来。装置24可以包括固定不动的引导装置25(它有相互逐渐收缩的侧壁)，柱塞装置26(此装置对着坯料的前侧面部分间歇地对坯料的后侧面部分施压)，用来把胶涂到被折叠的带上或涂到后侧面部分上的涂层装置27，以及固定不动的引导装置28(它有彼此逐渐分开的侧壁)。
这样，经过引导装置28运动的坯料带由一串相互连起来的短衬裤型尿布构成，从引导装置28出来之后借助于适当的切割工具30把它们彼此分开，并用适当的传送装置30把它们传送到包装站。
图4为按照上述方法制作的一种短衬裤型尿布的透视图。希望以一条衬裤那样的方式把短衬裤型尿布穿上，这样的短衬裤型尿布以有弹性的腰部为特征，可以把这一有弹性的腰部拉伸，使得当穿上和脱下该短衬裤尿布时可以容易地把该短衬裤尿布拉过穿用者的臀部，并且它的弹性使得短衬裤尿布的腰部的弹性所施加的收缩作用力将把被穿上的短衬裤尿布牢固地固定在其位置。为了满足这些功能上的要求同时限制产品的尺寸大小，该短衬裤型尿布的拉伸最好大于80％，即，腰部的圆周长将是在未被拉伸的状态下脱掉的短衬裤尿布的腰部的圆周长的1.8倍。在腰部的总收缩作用力(即在前部，后部和侧面部分所提供的弹性所贡献的作用力的和)最好将超过3牛顿。
图4中所示的短衬裤型尿布的结构与瑞典专利申请No.9200663-4中所描述的短衬裤型尿布相同，它包括被分别围在内和外表面薄片9和2之间的一个吸收体5。该内表面薄片9是可以渗透液体的，它例如由聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚酯的纤维或它们的混合物编织而成的无纺材料构成。也可以采用粘胶纤维。也可以设想由开了孔的塑料薄片(例如开了孔的聚乙烯薄片)制作内表
面薄片。外表面薄片2是不透水的，或者至少是疏水的，例如可以是聚乙烯薄片或已涂有聚烯烃或已用聚烯烃薄片覆盖的无纺材料薄片，从而变成不透水的或至少是疏水的。由于审美和心理上的原因，外表面薄片2可以由两层构成：不透水的内层和在内层的外面的像纺织品材料的一层。以后穿用者将看到和感觉到短衬裤尿布像一件纤维服装，而不像一件塑料服装。当外表面薄片为后一种结构时，不透水的薄片不必要与像纺织品的薄片一样大，而可以比所述薄片小一些，例如在短衬裤尿布的侧面部分可以没有不透水的表面材料。
吸收体5可以包括带有或不带有所谓超吸收材料的颗粒和/或热塑性熔融纤维的混合物的疏松的纤维素浆，并且可以由一层或多层构成。
图4所示的短衬裤型尿布腰部41包括多根顺序地安装的弹性线7，每根弹性线在横向上绕着腰部的圆周伸展。这样，形成了相对较宽弹性的腰部。如将要理解的那样，可以采用弹性条，带或类似物代替弹性线，或者可以采用其它的可以弹性拉伸的材料，比如可以弹性拉伸的塑料薄膜，可以弹性拉伸的无纺材料，或类似材料。
与一条衬裤类似，图4所示的短衬裤型尿布有一个腰部开口和两个腿部开口，这两个腿部开口以传统方式设有腿部弹性件。使穿用者的两条腿穿过腿部开口，随后向上把短衬裤尿布拉过穿用者的臀部，就穿上了该短衬裤尿布。在腰部开口(即腰部41的最上部)的弹性件所施加的收缩作用力最好比腰部其它部分所施加的收缩作用力大。这将确保把短衬裤尿布保持在想让它停放的位置，即使当吸收体吸满了尿时也能如此。
这样，当穿上此短衬裤型尿布时，在带13与表面薄片9之间的连接部分将基本上只受在腰部的圆周方向上作用的力的作用，所述连接部分仅只受到剪切力。由于所发明的短衬裤型尿布的结构的原因，该连接部分将不受到从负载的观点看来不利的撕裂作用力。结果，对这些连接部分的性能所提出的要求比对已知的短衬裤型尿布的连接部分的性能所提出的要求低得多。从审美的观点看来，所发明的方法生产出来的连接部分也是吸引人的，并且以比以前已知的短衬裤型尿布好得多的方式满足模仿传统的衬裤的要求。
所发明的方法与上述EP-A2-0320991所描述的把短衬裤型尿布的侧面部分连接在一起的已知方法相比也提供了一些制作技术上的优点。当制作那种已知类型的短衬裤型尿布时，在把侧面部分的边缘连接到一起时要求较高的精确度，在涉及对坯料进行折叠以便使前和后侧面部分的侧边缘将边缘对着边缘，以及涉及实际上的连接过程(在其中必须以相同的精确度引导焊接单元或胶粘单元)都是如此。当实施本发明的方法时，由功能的角度看，当把带装到下面的坯料带或串上时该带是否稍稍偏离要求它们在前侧面部分上所处的位置，或者在进行了所述的涂覆之后胶粘道23(图3)是否在横向上稍稍偏离要求它们所处的位置，都是不重要的，当然，只要这些带的尺寸被选定得容许这样的偏离就行。当然，当采用其它的方法(比如超声或热密封方法)而不是胶粘的方法把带与表面材料紧固在一起时，有相同的优点。因为这些连接部分只承受剪切力，所以在所选择的连接类型方面有较大的自由度，例如所采用的连接部分可以是自紧固型的机械连接部分。
另一个优点是可以在很大的程度上改变带13的圆周方向上的长度，如果需要，可以使这一长度足够大，使得该尿布的侧面部分能够几乎全部由所述带构成。这一结构将减少表面材料的浪费，这是因为在坯料串或带中开口15的在横向上的长度将被减少到相应的长度。然而，在这样的结构的情况下，不可能把这些带以单次折叠的状态装到短衬裤型尿布坯料上，这是因为当把单个的坯料由坯料串切断时，该带可能被切断。为了使带在所制作的尿布的圆周方向上有更大的范围可以被使用，必须在使用之前把该带以波纹方式折叠，从而在坯料的横向上限制该带的范围。图5示出了一种进行了波纹折叠的带31的例子，可以以与带13相同的方式把它用于短衬裤型尿布坯料。
在横向和纵向生产短衬裤型尿布中都可以采用上述把带装到短衬裤型尿布坯料的侧面部分上的方法，但是在纵向生产的情况下有一个差别，即必须在把后侧面部分折叠到前侧面部分上之前把单个的坯料由坯料串上切割下来。
当把坯料以单个坯料的形式向前输送时，可以把带施加到表面薄片2上而不是施加到表面薄片9上，其实现是靠首先把带的一个自由端紧固到坯料的前侧面部分上，然后折叠坯料。该带开始没有被折叠，是平的，随后把该带向里折叠越过被折叠了的坯料的后侧面部分，并紧固在其上。自然，也可以把平的带施加到单个的平的坯料的前侧面部分上，然后折叠坯料，随后再折叠该带，并且将把该带装到前侧面部分的内表面和后侧面部分的外表面上。
在这一方面，应该指出，当然可以以与所描述的相反的方式把该带紧固到前和后侧面部分上，即可以首先把该带紧固到后侧面部分上，随后紧固到前侧面部分上。
图6示出了带32，可以把它紧固到一块已经折叠了的坯料上，这是靠施加一个外力使已经被彼此折叠的坯料的侧面部分在该带32的自由边缘之间通过，并把这些边缘牢固地压到该侧面部分上。
按照参考图1-4所描述的方法的一种改型，在一个单一步骤中对坯料进行折叠和把坯料紧固上的最后步骤中可以使被折叠的带在前和后侧面部分之间通过。
如上所述，短衬裤型尿布有许多优点，但是也有一些缺点。当使用者处于躺着的状态时难以更换短衬裤型尿布，并且当进行更换时，需要脱掉穿在该短衬裤尿布外面的衣物。也不能以与成一个整体的尿布相同的方式把用过的短衬裤型尿布向上卷并密封起来。另外，当脱掉包含粪便的用过的短衬裤尿布时容易弄脏尿布的穿用者。
可以用所发明的短衬裤型尿布以一种特别简单的方式克服这些缺点，这是简单地靠采用由两部分组成的带实现的，借助于可脱开并可以再紧固的紧固件把它们连接在一起。图7和8分别为两种这样的带33和34的剖面图和侧视图，而图9示出了设有带33的短衬裤型尿布。带33由两部分35，36构成，它们靠一排由部分35突出并穿过一排在部分36上形成的开孔的突起37相互连接起来。这使得不需要完全脱掉穿在该短衬裤尿布外面的裤子，衬裤或类似服装，就可以脱掉或更换图9所示的短衬裤型尿布，其实现是靠把带的部分35，36彼此松开，从而可以使后部或前部在穿用者的两腿之间穿过。然后，可以把一条替换用的短衬裤型尿布穿上，其实现是靠把所述短衬裤型尿布的带部分彼此松开，然后在穿用者的两腿之间插入替换用的短衬裤型尿布的前部或后部。随后靠把一个带部分上的那排突起穿过在另一部分上的那排开孔，把两个带部分紧固在一起，然后可以把短衬裤型尿布以像一条衬裤一样的方式向上拉到它最后的正确位置，除非当把替换用的短衬裤尿布紧固时已经这样做了，就不用再向上拉了。
图8示意性地示出了带34，它由两部分38，39构成，借助于一种机械紧固件40(例如一种自紧固带或钩环型带)把这两部分相互连接起来。在图7-9中所示的紧固件仅只代表适用的紧固装置的例子，应该认识到，在对这一技术熟悉的普通人的专业知识的范围内，图9中所示的短衬裤型尿布可以设置多种其它类型的紧固件。例如，可以采用粘接紧固件，也可以采用不是所
描述的那些的其它类型的机械紧固件，比如钮扣和钮孔，钩和眼，等。
虽然仅只参考着短衬裤型尿布描述和示出了本发明，但是应该认识到，本发明也可以用于卫生短衬裤，即其中可以用来吸收月经液体或少量的失禁液体的吸收体被做成一体的衬裤。
也应该认识到，可以在本发明的范围内改变所描述的实施例。例如，吸收体的形式可以与所描述的那种不同，并可以包括几层，这又意味着将要相应地改变按照本发明的用来制作短衬裤型尿布的所描述的生产装置。另外，可以借助于不是所描述的那些装置的装置把短衬裤型尿布坯料折叠，并使这些坯料的前和后侧面部分靠在一起。可以把单个的短衬裤型尿布由连续的坯料带上切下来，同时使坯料的前和后侧面部分靠在一起，而不是在后面一个分开的步骤中这样作。还有，可以采用多于一个带把相互对着的前和后侧面部分紧固起来。因此本发明仅只由下述权利要求的内容限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件，有一个腰部孔及二个腿部孔，所述的吸收件包括被围在两个表面薄片(2，9)之间的一个细长的吸收体(5)，两个表面薄片在吸收体的相对的前端部和后端部有在横向上越过在它们的两个侧面上的吸收体伸展的侧面部分(19，20；21，22)，其中相对着的前和后侧面部分(19，20；21，22)被连接在一起，其特征在于一个分开的材料带(13)在每一对相对着的前和后侧面部分(19，21；20，22)之间伸展，并在这些侧面部分之间形成一个连接部分，所述的材料带固紧到侧面部分(19，21；20，22)的内表面或外表面。
2.一种短衬裤型尿布或卫生短衬裤的吸收件，有一个腰部孔及二个腿部孔，所述的吸收件包括被围在两个表面薄片(2，9)之间的一个细长的吸收体(5)，两个表面薄片在吸收体的相对的前端部和后端部有在横向上越过在它们的两个侧面上的吸收体伸展的侧面部分(19，20；21，22)，其中相对着的前和后侧面部分(19，20；21，22)被连接在一起，其特征在于一个分开的材料带在每一对相对着的前和后侧面部分之间伸展，并在这些侧面部分之间形成一个连接部分，所述的材料带固紧在各对前和后侧面部分中的相对的前和后侧面部分之一个的内表面上或固定到各对前和后侧面部分中的相对的前和后侧面部分之另一个的外表面上。
3.按照权利要求1或2的吸收件，其特征在于连接侧面部分的材料带(13)基本上是没有弹性的。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任何一项的吸收件，其特征在于分开的材料带(33；34)由两个分开的部分(35，36；38，39)构成，由一个可脱开并可以再紧固的紧固件把它们相互连接在一起。
5.按照权利要求4的吸收件，其特征在于紧固件为一排加压销钉。
6.按照权利要求4的吸收件，其特征在于紧固件由突起(37)构成，这些突起从所述片(33)的分开的部分之一(35)向外突出，并通过在所述片(33)的另一部分(36)中的开孔。
7.按照权利要求4的吸收件，其特征在于紧固件由相互配合的钩和眼构成。
8.按照权利要求4的吸收件，其特征在于紧固件由粘接涂层构成。
9.按照权利要求4的吸收件，其特征在于紧固件由自紧固的带或钩环带(40)构成。
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-
1994
- 1994-04-12 SE SE9401226A patent/SE508613C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-03-16 GB GB9505315A patent/GB2288313B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-27 ZA ZA952490A patent/ZA952490B/xx unknown
- 1995-04-11 US US10/875,090 patent/USRE42478E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-11 WO PCT/SE1995/000390 patent/WO1995027461A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-11 AT AT95916090T patent/ATE329559T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-11 ES ES95916090T patent/ES2267102T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-11 PL PL95316681A patent/PL178721B1/pl unknown
- 1995-04-11 DK DK95916090.4T patent/DK0755237T4/da active
- 1995-04-11 CZ CZ962994A patent/CZ299496A3/cs unknown
- 1995-04-11 CA CA002187021A patent/CA2187021C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-11 TN TNTNSN95029A patent/TNSN95029A1/fr unknown
- 1995-04-11 NZ NZ284182A patent/NZ284182A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-11 HU HU9602794A patent/HU221523B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-11 AU AU22713/95A patent/AU696255B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-04-11 SK SK1309-96A patent/SK130996A3/sk unknown
- 1995-04-11 DE DE69535058T patent/DE69535058T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-11 EP EP95916090A patent/EP0755237B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-11 US US08/714,105 patent/US5855574A/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-04-11 CN CN95192544A patent/CN1095653C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-12 PE PE1995266326A patent/PE22196A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-05-19 TW TW084104995A patent/TW263433B/zh active
-
1996
- 1996-10-09 NO NO964283A patent/NO308576B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-11 FI FI964085A patent/FI964085A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-03-27 CN CN02108151A patent/CN1439349A/zh active Pending
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