CN1326593A - 成形冷轧金属板制成的电池套管和制备电池套管的方法 - Google Patents
成形冷轧金属板制成的电池套管和制备电池套管的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- JAAVTMIIEARTKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S--].[S--].[Ta+4] Chemical compound [S--].[S--].[Ta+4] JAAVTMIIEARTKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium disulfide Chemical compound S=[Ti]=S CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;dihydrofluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].F.[F-] KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tin Chemical compound [Ni].[Sn] CLDVQCMGOSGNIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/1243—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure characterised by the internal coating on the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
提出了由成形冷轧金属板制成的电池套管以及制备电池套管的工艺。在该工艺中,在电镀槽液例如Watts型槽液中冷轧带材至少在其一侧上提供有Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi或其合金的镀层。作为附加成分,电镀槽液含有导电颗粒例如碳、炭黑、石墨、TaS2、TiS2、MoSi2。在电镀期间这些颗粒与Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi或其合金一起沉积在基体材料上。当板形成电池套管时,优选具有例如含碳镀层的金属板侧面向里面。具有以该方式制备的电池套管的电池与常规电池相比,甚至长期储存时,内电阻的增加减小。
Description
本发明首先涉及成形冷轧金属板制成的电池套管,至少在其内部备有通过电镀产生的含有Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi和/或它们的合金的镀层。
本发明还涉及电池套管的带材原料的制备方法,其中冷轧金属板设有在电镀槽液中形成的镀层。
电池质量尤其取决于保用的额定电压和容量能保持多久。电池内电阻越高,充电状态下的电池电压越低。电池质量的一个更重要性能是长期储存期间的性能。长时间存放导致电池的内电阻增大。长期储存期间内电阻及其增加取决于以下几个因素:制备电池期间,例如由镀镍钢板制成的电极与由EMD二氧化锰、石墨和氢氧化钾电解质构成的电池填充物之间往往存在接触不良。电池内电阻的增大还决定于储存期间氧化物/氢氧化物层形成在镍表面上,充当隔离层并防止与填充物紧密接触。如果里面设有镍镀层的电池套管氧化,即使新制备的电池也会发生该现象。
电池生产商已采取多种方法以避免这些缺点。例如,公知轴向开槽电池套管以便在电池填充期间沿槽口施加增大的径向压力,因此,改善了与电池套管的接触。然而,这将不能均匀降低电阻。此外,公知在电池套管内部涂覆石墨粉末以降低填充之后电池的内电阻。该方法复杂,因此昂贵。
WO98/18170公开了制备电池电极期间通过用凡立水(varish)覆盖电极以涂覆电极的方法。凡立水含有电极活性材料、粘合剂、溶剂和酸。电极一侧涂覆后,在电极另一侧对应涂覆之前首先干燥所制备的涂层。
日本公开JP-AH9-171802公开了电池套管的制备,其中内部设有有机涂层,经过随后的涂敷表面加热进行碳化。涂敷表面还可具有金属铬或氢氧化铬的附加层。
本发明的目的是制造用于制备电池的电池套管,与公知电池相比,区别在于长期储存期间内电阻的增加减小。而且,研制了生产用于制备该电池套管的带材原料的方法。
对于开始描述的电池套管类型而言,为此建议将导电颗粒以分散形式镶嵌在电镀层中,以降低电池的内电阻,导电颗粒例如单质碳象精细碳、石墨、或炭黑或例如二硫化钛、二硫化钽或硅化钼或其混合物。
当使用碳时,电镀层中的碳含量是0.7%-15%。优选在带材一侧或两侧上的电镀层的厚度是0.2-8μm,带材将被加工成电池套管。
对于适合制备用于该电池套管的带形原料的方法,建议用作基体材料的0.1-1mm厚的冷轧金属板在电镀液中至少在其一侧提供有Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi和/或其合金的镀层。作为附加成分,电镀液含有导电颗粒例如单质碳象精细碳、石墨、或炭黑或例如二硫化钛、二硫化钽或硅化钼,从而该/这些成分在电镀期间与Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi和/或其合金一起沉积在基体材料上。
当金属板形成电池套管时,优选具有带导电成分的电镀层的金属板侧朝里面。
与公知电池相比,具有通过该工艺制备的电池套管的电池的特点在于长期储存期间内电阻的增加变小。此外,按照本发明工艺制备电池套管的电池自身的初始内电阻比传统电池套管的电池内电阻要低得多,传统电池套管例如简单地由镀镍钢带制成。
对于电池的内电阻,实现所述优点,特别是采用结合了单质镍、钴和石墨的镀层。然而,利用铁、锡、铟、钯和铋或所述元素合金沉积的层也已证实适合于电池套管镀层。
当利用悬浮在电镀液中的碳时,应首先考虑细分散的导电颗粒单质碳(石墨或炭黑)。优选颗粒尺寸范围0.5-15μm。
为实现电镀层中碳以分散形式预期镶嵌,本方法的一个实施例建议电镀过程期间产生电镀液的均匀流动。为实现该均匀流动,优选电镀液均匀循环。已证实驱使电解液的强制流动速度6-10m/s特别适合。
本发明的另一实施例建议电镀液含有悬浮稳定和/或凝聚降低物质,以实现导电颗粒的均匀分布而无局部或随时间变化的浓度。
还有利的是给电镀液提供悬浮稳定和/或凝聚降低物质,该物质产生硬的脆性镀层,这例如是采用所谓的光亮剂的情形。此外,添加物质也充当光亮剂或减孔剂。
在本方法的一个实施例中,电沉积在几个阶段发生,其中电镀液在这些阶段中的至少一个阶段含有单质碳。优选材料在各电镀处理阶段之间退火。也可提供最终热处理即在单或多步骤沉积结束时。在550-920℃范围的温度下保护气氛中进行热退火,退火温度与所用钢质量有关。热退火导致基底重结晶并使沉积的镍/钴/铁/锡/铟/钯/铋扩散到基质材料中。除基底的实际重结晶以便于随后的成形之外,这也导致成形期间处理层与基质材料良好粘合以及产品良好的防腐性能。
在多步骤沉积中,其中电解槽液至少在这些步骤之一步骤中含有碳,步骤可连续安排,从而在生产线上连续沉积不同的部分镀层。然而,材料退火的热处理也可在电镀步骤之间进行,实现沉积的金属层部分扩散到基质材料中。此外,还可在三或更多步骤中进行加工,从而在两个或多个无石墨电解液的电镀之间进行碳颗粒的电镀步骤。在这种情况下,退火热处理也可在各个电镀步骤之间进行。
制备电池套管的基体材料是冷轧带,它以电镀有镍的形式广泛用于制备电池套管。按照本发明,电镀槽不仅含有Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd和/或Bi,还含有以悬浮形式细分散的精细碳、石墨、炭黑、TaS2(二硫化钽)、TiS2(二硫化钛)或MoSi2(硅化钼)的导电颗粒。在冷轧金属板电解处理期间,在脱脂、清洗、酸洗、清洗等之后,上述元素与导电颗粒的联合沉积形成在表面上。存在两种方法以实现镀层表面的均匀涂覆以及保持电解液状态和成分的恒定。
在第一种方法中,例如,粒径范围0.5μm-15μm的精细分布的碳颗粒或石墨或炭黑悬浮在电解液例如Watts型镍电解液中,并通过强力搅拌电镀槽液保持悬浮。为实现该运动,可使用混合器或以一些其它方式产生的强制流动。第二种方法也使用电镀槽液的机械搅拌。然而,此外,保持悬浮均匀和防止颗粒絮凝及凝结的添加剂可加入到电镀槽液中。
优点在于仅在钢板一侧上即在随后形成最终电池套管的内侧的该侧上沉积含导电颗粒、尤其是碳的金属层。这导致制备工艺高效率,还可保留用于电池套管外侧的通常表面。然而,如果含碳金属层也存在于电池套管的外侧上,对于特殊应用也是有利的。在此,例如电池套管的接触电阻降低或摩擦性能改善就是目的。通过公知工艺中的一个,利用展薄拉延或深拉按照本发明加工的板来多步骤完成电池套管的成形。
例如可在特殊设计的带加工设备中处理冷轧钢板如下:
用30-50A/dm2的高电流密度电解脱脂
清洗
用3-5%的硫酸酸洗
清洗
在如下成分的Watts型镍槽液中镀镍:
镍 50-80g/l(硫酸镍)
氯化物 10-30g/l(氯化镍)
硼酸 35-45g/l
碳 20-80g/l、粒径0.5-15μm
PH值 2.1-3.5
温度 55-80℃
电流密度 5-20A/dm2
首先层流搅拌,部分紊流
电解液流动 6-10m/s
电镀处理的再一变化在于将悬浮稳定和凝聚防止物质加入到槽液中。这些可以是例如甲醛和萘磺酸的缩合产物、乙二醇和亚乙基醇(ethylene alcohol)。在这种情况下,紊流搅拌可略微降低,从而表明电解液流动2-8m/s是适当的。
测量如上所述产生的镍层0.2-8μm。镍层中的石墨(C)含量是0.7-15%。
此外,发现在C分散层中为替代镍,可有利地使用钴、铁、锡、铟、钯、铋和/或其合金,从而包括石墨的钴槽液的组成对应上述镍槽液。
例子1
在脱脂、清洗、酸洗、清洗之后,在镍槽液中给0.2-0.45mm厚的带材镀镍如下:镍槽液成分:
镍 60g/l(硫酸镍)
氯化物 30g/l(氯化镍)
硼酸 40g/l
石墨 40g/l、粒径1-8μm
PH值 2.3
温度 60℃
电流密度 15A/dm2
搅拌 紊流
电解液流动 6-10m/s
所制备的镀层约含有约1.7%的石墨。
例子2
镍槽液成分对应于例子1所给定的镍槽液。然而,加入悬浮稳定剂和凝聚防止物质。更温和地搅拌;电解液流动仅约4m/s。沉积的镍层中的石墨含量为9.0%。
按照例子1和2所制备的层结构具有如下成分:
利用石墨夹杂所产生的层总厚度0.2-2μm。按照一个变型,首先制造没有石墨夹杂的1.0-1.5μm镍层。在退火和表层轧光之后,沉积有石墨夹杂的约0.3-0.5μm的附加层。
例子3
制备具有石墨夹杂的镍-钴
对于制备具有石墨夹杂的镍钴镀层,所使用的带材的厚度和成分等同于例子1。预处理也相同。首先,从如例子1所述的电解液中沉积纯镍,而无石墨夹杂。在退火和表层轧光之后,在具有石墨杂质的钴电解液中产生第二层。
也可制备具有石墨夹杂的纯钴镀层。
例子4
制备具有碳夹杂(石墨、炭黑)的镍-铁合金
在公知的预处理(参见例子1)之后,带材表面用如下成分的电解液电镀:
镍 47g/l(硫酸镍)
氯化物 15g/l(氯化镍)
铁 1-4g/l(硫酸亚铁)
硼酸 45g/l
石墨 40g/l、粒径1-8μm
PH值 2.3
温度 60℃
电流密度 2-12A/d m2
根据Fe浓度和电流密度,沉积物中的Fe含量4-55%。
例子5
制备具有碳夹杂(石墨、炭黑)的镍-锡合金
锡 25g/l(氯化锡)
镍 60g/l(氯化镍)
氟化物 30g/l(氟化氢铵)
石墨 30g/l,粒径1-8μm
PH值 4.5
温度 60℃
电流密度 1-4A/d m2
根据电流密度和温度,沉积物中的Sn含量30-40%。
Claims (16)
1.由成形冷轧金属板形成的电池套管,至少在其内侧提供有镀层,通过含有Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi和/或其合金的电镀制备该镀层
其特征在于
为降低电池的内电阻,导电颗粒例如以精细碳、石墨或炭黑形式的单质碳或例如二硫化钽、二硫化钛或硅化钼或其混合物以分散形式镶嵌在镀层中。
2.按照权利要求1的电池套管,其特征在于电镀层的碳含量是0.7-15%。
3.按照权利要求1或权利要求2的电池套管,其特征在于在一侧或两侧的电镀层厚度是0.2-8μm。
4.制备用于电池套管的带材原料的方法,其中在电镀槽液中为0.1-1mm厚度的冷轧金属板至少在其一侧上提供Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi和/或其合金的镀层,从而电镀槽含有作为附加成分的导电颗粒,例如精细碳、石墨或炭黑形式的单质碳或例如二硫化钽、二硫化钛或硅化钼,从而所述成分在电镀期间与Ni、Co、Fe、Sn、In、Pd、Bi或其合金一起沉积在基体材料上。
5.按照权利要求4的方法,其特征在于当金属板形成电池套管时,具有导电成分的镀层的金属板侧面向内侧。
6.按照权利要求3或4的方法,其特征在于碳以细分散的碳、石墨或炭黑颗粒悬浮在电镀槽液中。
7.按照权利要求6的方法,其特征在于碳、石墨或炭黑颗粒的粒径0.5-15μm。
8.按照上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于电镀过程期间在电镀槽液中产生均匀流动。
9.按照权利要求8的方法,其特征在于通过机械搅拌、循环或溢流产生均匀流动。
10.按照权利要求8或9的方法,其特征在于电解液的强制流速为6-10m/s。
11.按照权利要求8-10的之一的方法,其特征在于电镀槽液含有悬浮稳定和/或凝聚降低物质。
12.按照上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于电镀槽液含有导致硬脆性镀层的物质(所谓的光亮剂)。
13.按照权利要求1-12之一的方法,其特征在于电镀槽液含有光亮剂或防孔剂。
14.按照上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于电镀沉积分几个步骤进行并且在这些步骤的至少一个步骤中电镀槽液含有单质碳。
15.按照权利要求14的方法,其特征在于材料在各电镀处理步骤之间进行热处理或退火。
16.按照权利要求14的方法,其特征在于材料在电镀处理步骤结束时进行热处理特别是退火。
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DE19852202A DE19852202C2 (de) | 1998-11-12 | 1998-11-12 | Batteriehülse aus umgeformtem, kaltgewalztem Blech sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Batteriehülsen |
DE19852202.9 | 1998-11-12 |
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US (1) | US6852445B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1142041B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3705579B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100419952B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1171325C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE255277T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU751287B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9915258A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2348924A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19852202C2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2211186T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL142296A (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01004054A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL347022A1 (zh) |
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CN108458789A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-28 | 国家纳米科学中心 | 一种基于硫化钽薄膜的测辐射热计及其制备方法和用途 |
CN115038817A (zh) * | 2020-03-03 | 2022-09-09 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 镀Ni钢板及其制造方法 |
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CN103290457A (zh) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-11 | 罗门哈斯电子材料有限公司 | 炭黑和金属的复合物 |
CN103290457B (zh) * | 2012-03-02 | 2016-03-16 | 罗门哈斯电子材料有限公司 | 炭黑和金属的复合物 |
CN108458789A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-28 | 国家纳米科学中心 | 一种基于硫化钽薄膜的测辐射热计及其制备方法和用途 |
CN115038817A (zh) * | 2020-03-03 | 2022-09-09 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 镀Ni钢板及其制造方法 |
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EP1142041B1 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
DE19852202A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
IL142296A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
AU6474899A (en) | 2000-06-05 |
KR100419952B1 (ko) | 2004-02-25 |
KR20010089448A (ko) | 2001-10-06 |
EP1142041A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
RU2214021C2 (ru) | 2003-10-10 |
DE19852202C2 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
JP3705579B2 (ja) | 2005-10-12 |
ATE255277T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
AU751287B2 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
CA2348924A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
IL142296A (en) | 2004-02-08 |
JP2002530810A (ja) | 2002-09-17 |
MXPA01004054A (es) | 2003-03-10 |
US6852445B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
PL347022A1 (en) | 2002-03-11 |
CN1171325C (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
DE59907897D1 (de) | 2004-01-08 |
WO2000030188A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
ES2211186T3 (es) | 2004-07-01 |
BR9915258A (pt) | 2001-08-07 |
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