CN1317542A - 液晶聚酯树脂组合物,其制备方法以及其模塑制品 - Google Patents
液晶聚酯树脂组合物,其制备方法以及其模塑制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供的是一种液晶聚酯树脂组合物,其包括5~20重量份具有特定模塑后数均纤维直径和纤维长度的玻璃纤维和100重量份特定液晶聚酯树脂,其采用厚度为0.5mm的试验片测量的弯曲模量为25GPa或以上;还提供了一种由其制备模塑制品的方法。该液晶聚酯树脂组合物比重低,加工性能、机械性能和耐热性优良。
Description
本发明涉及一种液晶聚酯树脂组合物。
由于它们具有优良的耐热性和机械物理性能以及在熔融状态下具有良好的流动性,即加工性能,熔融状态下表现液晶行为的熔融液晶性聚酯树脂(下文此类树脂被称为液晶聚酯树脂)已经作为可进行精确模塑的模塑材料被用于各种领域。近年来,在普遍采用液晶聚酯树脂的电气和电子领域中,越来越要求产品小型化、轻型化、高速加工和节能,代表性产品有蜂窝电话部件和光盘拾音部件。其次,作为具有所需机械物理性能和加工性能的材料已要求更轻质的(低比重)树脂。
由于仅有液晶聚酯树脂的注塑制品具有强各向异性,因而模塑困难,通常加入诸如玻璃纤维之类的无机填料以用作复合材料。就含有玻璃纤维的液晶聚酯树脂组合物来说,例如,JP-B1-27103公开了具有特定纤维直径和纤维长度的玻璃纤维,其在模压加工性和物理性能方面具有良好平衡。JP-B7-68409公开了具有不同平均纤维长度的两种玻璃纤维按一定比例的混合体。JP-A4-292651公开了具有特定重均纤维长度和特定数均纤维长度的玻璃纤维。而且,JP-A63-101448公开了复合的玻璃纤维,其具有十或更大的长径比以及0.15至0.6mm的纤维长度。
JP-A6-240114公开了具有特定纤维长度分布的玻璃纤维。
为了减小各向异性,通常更有利的是加入大量此类玻璃纤维,市购用于注塑的液晶聚酯树脂组合物含有20~50wt%。然而,就含有大量玻璃纤维而言,液晶聚酯树脂组合物的比重会变大,在要求轻质性能的领域中,要使用它已经变得很困难。
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题,并且提供一种比重低且在加工性能、机械性能和耐热性能方面优良的液晶聚酯树脂组合物;提供一种制备它的方法;以及提供一种使用它的模塑制品。
经深入研究,结果本发明人发现,具有低比重、优良加工性能和机械性能的特定液晶聚酯树脂可通过以下方法得到:使一定量的具有特定数均纤维直径和特定数均纤维长度的玻璃纤维复合(compounding),从而完成了本发明。
换句话说,本发明涉及[1]一种液晶聚酯树脂组合物,包括5~20重量份玻璃纤维,该玻璃纤维具有2~20μm模塑后数均纤维直径和210~500μm模塑后数均纤维长度;和100重量份液晶聚酯树脂,该液晶聚酯树脂包含下述结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)或者下述结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅳ)和(Ⅳ);并且(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)的总和是95mol%或更多,采用0.5mm厚的试样所测得的弯曲模量是25Gpa或更大。
本发明还涉及[2]一种通过采用以上[1]的液晶聚酯树脂组合物获得的模塑制品。
而且,本发明涉及[3]一种制备[1]的聚酯树脂组合物的方法,其中采用装有螺杆的熔融捏合挤出机,并且挤出机带有位于其挤出方向上游部位的上游侧供料部位和位于所述上游侧供料部位下游部位的下游侧供料部位,所述上游侧供料部位和所述下游侧供料部位之间的距离(L)与螺杆直径(D)的比值(L/D)为4~30(L和D是相同的刻度单位);在螺杆旋转之下,液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的90%或90%以上和玻璃纤维总供给量的5wt%以下由上游侧供料部位供应,液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的10%以下和玻璃纤维总供给量的95%或95%以上由下游侧供料部位供应。
图1是熔融捏合挤出机的横断面视图。图中所用标记如下:
1:喷嘴;2:加热器;3:通气口;4:机筒;5:下游侧供料部位;6:通气口;7:上游侧供料部位;8:马达;9:螺杆(螺杆直径:D);10:捏合区;11:加热器;12:捏合区;13:变速齿轮;L:上游侧供料部位与下游侧供料部位之间的距离。
本发明所用液晶聚酯树脂包含上述结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ),或上述结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ),以及(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)的总和为95%摩尔或更多。虽然还可能加入不超过5%摩尔的其他结构单元,但是考虑到耐热性和加工性能之间的均衡,必须使之保持在5%摩尔以下。作为其他结构单元,适宜地选自(1)芳香族羟基羧酸,(2)芳香族二羧酸,和(3)芳香族二醇。
其中,优选的是,液晶聚酯树脂中基于结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)之和的结构单元的量为40~80%摩尔的上述(Ⅰ),和10~30%摩尔的(Ⅱ);并且(Ⅱ)/((Ⅲ)+(Ⅳ)=0.9~1.1和(Ⅳ)/((Ⅲ)+(Ⅳ))=0~0.5。
若液晶聚酯树脂含有少于40%摩尔的(Ⅰ),则耐热性可能不足,假设为80%摩尔或更多,则加工性能较差。适宜地,(Ⅰ)=45~65%摩尔,更适宜地(Ⅰ)=45~55%摩尔。若液晶聚酯树脂含有少于10%摩尔的(Ⅱ),则加工性能较差,当大于30%摩尔,则耐热性会不足。
若(Ⅱ)/((Ⅲ)+(Ⅳ))小于0.9或大于1.1,那么液晶聚酯树脂的聚合度可能不够,并且物理性能会下降。其中(Ⅳ)/((Ⅲ+(Ⅳ)超过0.5的液晶聚酯树脂可能不具有足够的耐热性。
作为本发明所用液晶聚酯树脂的制备方法可以采用公知的方法。例如,在上述JP-B47-47870,JP-B63-3888等中所述的方法。
考虑到加工性能和耐热性之间的均衡性,以下定义的液晶聚酯树脂的流动温度,适宜为320℃~400℃,更适宜为360℃~390℃。若流动温度小于320℃,则耐热性可能会不足。
流动温度:采用Shimadzu公司生产的Koka型流动检测仪CFT-500,在100kgf/cm2(9.81MPa)的负荷下,以4℃/分钟的升温速率,当受热的树脂通过内径为1mm且长度为10mm的喷嘴挤出,熔融粘度显示为48000泊时的温度。
本发明所用玻璃纤维意指被加工成纤维形状的以硅酸盐为主要组分的玻璃。此类玻璃的例子包括普通含碱玻璃(A-玻璃),化学耐酸玻璃(C-玻璃),低密度玻璃(D-玻璃),硼硅酸盐玻璃(E-玻璃)。E-玻璃适宜用于本发明。在玻璃纤维的制备中,通常使用熔融状态下(不低于1300)纺丝玻璃的方法。
玻璃纤维可以按照要求经过加工后使用,经诸如硅烷型偶联剂或钛系偶联剂之类表面处理剂处理后使用。而且,部分表面或全部表面被固化后或未固化的热固性树脂涂覆过的玻璃纤维可以按照要求来使用。
该玻璃纤维的数均纤维直径为2~20μm,适宜为5~14μm。若数均纤维直径小于2μm,则处理起来困难,若大于20μm,则作为液晶聚酯树脂组合物可能不能获得令人满意的性能。
这些通常以几毫米纤维长度的形式出售,但它们在造粒或模塑成型过程中被切断。模塑后数均纤维长度应控制在210~500μm,适宜为250~400μm,更适宜为300~350μm。若长度小于210μm,要获得本发明所致力于的高硬度、低各向异性组合物则很困难。若长于500μm,则就流动性和加工性能而言该化合物会较差。
为使模塑后数均纤维长度保持在上述范围内,模塑前树脂组合物中玻璃纤维的数均纤维长度比模塑后所希望的数均纤维长度要适当地长约50μm。
对于100重量份液晶聚酯树脂,所含玻璃纤维的量为5~20重量份。若少于5重量份,要减小液晶聚酯树脂组合物的各向异性很难,而若多于20重量份,则它将会超出本发明所指的低比重组合物的含义。
采用0.5mm厚的测试片测量的弯曲模量为25GPa或更高,该测试片由本发明液晶聚酯树脂组合物模塑成型获得。
为获得本发明的液晶聚酯树脂组合物的原材料的复合方式不受限制。一般,采用Henschel混合机、转筒混合机等将液晶聚酯树脂、玻璃纤维以及按照需要无机填料、脱模改进剂(release modifier)、热稳定剂等混合。
本发明中,按照需要,可以向液晶聚酯树脂中加入少量非玻璃纤维的其他填料。此类填料的例子包括:纤维状或针形增强剂诸如硅铝纤维,硅灰石(wolastnite),碳纤维,钛酸钾须晶,硼酸铝须晶和二氧化钛须晶;以及无机填料,诸如碳酸钙,白云石,滑石,云母,粘土,玻璃珠,等等。这些可以单独使用或者两种或多种结合使用。
可以向本发明液晶聚酯树脂中加入的常用添加剂包括:着色料诸如染料和颜料;抗氧化剂;热稳定剂;紫外吸收剂;抗静电剂;和表面活性剂,在不损害本发明目的的范围内单独或者两种或更多种结合。
此外,可以向本发明液晶聚酯树脂中加入的是:少量其他热塑性树脂诸如,例如聚酰胺、聚酯、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚和其改性产物,聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺,等等;以及少量热固性树脂诸如,例如苯酚树脂、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂等等,单独或者两种或更多种结合使用。
为了获得本发明液晶聚酯树脂组合物,采用通用造粒机或模塑机是可行的,但适宜的是采用配有螺杆的熔融捏和挤出机,并且在挤出方向上游部分带有上游侧供料部位,以及在所述上游侧供料部位的下游部分具有下游侧供料部位,所述上游侧供料部位与所述下游侧供料部位之间的距离(L)和螺杆直径(D)的比值(L/D)为4~30(L和D是相同的度量单位)。采用所述挤出机,优选的是,在螺杆旋转下,液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的90%或90%以上和玻璃纤维总供给量的5wt%以下由上游侧供料部位供应,液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的10%以下和玻璃纤维总供给量的95%或95%以上由下游侧供料部位供应。
若L/D小于4,则液晶聚酯树脂的捏合作用变得不够充分,并且玻璃纤维的数均纤维长度可能会变短。若L/D大于30,则液晶聚酯树脂可能会变劣,并且物理性能可能会下降。
若由上游侧供料部位供应的液晶聚酯树脂的供应量少于液晶聚酯树脂总供应量的90%,则玻璃纤维的数均纤维长度可能会变短。若玻璃纤维的供应量超过玻璃纤维总供应量的5%,则稳定的生产可能会变得困难。
此处,上游侧供料部位和下游侧供料部位之间的距离(L)指与螺杆轴平行的,在每一供应部位孔口的中心之间测量的距离。
至于L/D,更适宜为10~20。
从控制玻璃纤维的数均纤维长度的角度考虑,由上游侧供料部位供应的液晶聚酯树脂的供应量更适宜为液晶聚酯树脂总供应量的95%或以上。
从生产稳定性的角度考虑,玻璃纤维的供应量更适宜为玻璃纤维总供应量的0%。
因而在液晶聚酯树脂热熔的时候可以抑制玻璃纤维的切断,并且使得控制至所希望的纤维长度变得更容易。
本发明中,虽然上游侧供料部位通常安装在与挤出方向相反的机筒末端,但是它并不受此限制。
另外,填料、添加剂等可以由安装在挤出机适当位置的供料口供入挤出机中。或者,预先将它们与热塑性树脂和/或玻璃纤维混合,由上游侧供料部位或下游侧供料部位供应。
作为熔融捏和挤出机,可以例举单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机。作为双螺杆挤出机,可以例举同向旋转型,反向旋转型,以及不完全接合型。适宜使用的是同向旋转型双螺杆挤出机。同向旋转型的例子包括单线螺杆型,双线螺杆型,以及三线螺杆型。反向旋转型的例子包括平行轴型和斜轴型。
以下,参考附图解释本发明制造方法的具体实施方案。
图1是表示本发明熔融捏和挤出机实施方案的剖面图。
在安装于挤出机中的机筒4中,螺杆9由(驱动)马达8驱动旋转,由变速齿轮13改变旋转速度使之慢下来。机筒4通过(外部)加热器11加热。
螺杆9具有捏合部分(10,12)用于捏合液晶聚酯树脂,或用于捏合玻璃纤维和液晶聚酯树脂。
在与机筒4挤出方向相反的末端形成能供给液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的90%或90%以上和玻璃纤维总供给量的5%以下的上游侧供料部位7。在上游侧供料部位的下游侧,形成能供给液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的10%以下和玻璃纤维总供给量的95%或95%以上的下游侧供料部位5。对于上游侧供料部位7和/或下游侧供料部位5,为了定量供应液晶聚酯树脂和/或玻璃纤维,安装了恒定输送的进料器(未说明)。
此外,为了采用真空泵进行真空排气,在机筒4中形成通气口3和6以用于释放入大气。机筒4中,形成喷嘴1用于挤出熔融捏合的液晶聚酯树脂组合物。一般挤出机带有一些直径2mm至5mm的孔口,这也取决于挤出机的大小。
采用本发明树脂组合物所获得的模塑制品具有低的比重和高的流动性,与包含30wt%以上玻璃纤维的传统液晶聚酯树脂组合物相比,其具有较少量的玻璃纤维。另一方面,通过控制纤维长度较长,薄厚度模塑制品的弯曲模量保持为实际水平,各向异性降至很低。
由本发明树脂组合物模塑成型的部件或材料元件的用途并不特别受限。它们的例子包括:电气或电子部件诸如连接器、插座、继电器,线圈绕线管、光学摄像管、振荡器、印刷线路板,和计算机相关部件;半导体相关部件诸如IC托盘和晶片载体;家庭电器应用诸如VTR、电视、熨斗、空调设备、立体声装置、清洁器、冰箱、烹饪炊具和照明设施;照明设施配件诸如白炽灯反射罩和灯座;原声制品诸如激光唱盘、镭射影碟和扬声器;通信装置诸如光缆用套管、电话配件、传真部件和调制解调器;复印机相关部件诸如剥取指杆(strippingfinger)和加热保持器;机器配件诸如叶轮、风扇齿轮箱、齿轮、轴承、电动机配件和箱子;汽车配件,诸如用于小汽车的机械组件、发动机零件、轮机舱配件、电子配件、和内部配件;烹饪应用诸如微波炉烹饪用平底锅和耐热餐具;隔音材料或绝热材料诸如地板材料和墙壁材料;支撑材料诸如梁、柱;建筑材料和/或结构材料诸如屋顶材料;飞机、空间飞行器、和空间飞行器用配件;辐射装置用部件,诸如核反应器、船舶设备用部件、清洁用夹具、光学仪器配件、灯泡、管子、喷嘴、过滤器、薄膜、医用仪器配件和医用材料、传感器部件、卫生用品、体育用品、休闲用品等等。
实施例
以下,描述本发明的实施例但是本发明并不仅限于此。实施例的物理性能通过下述方法测量。
(1)流动温度:采用Shimadzu公司生产的Koka型流动检验器CFT-500,在100kgf/cm2(9.81MPa)的负荷下,以4℃/分钟的升温速率,当受热的树脂通过内径为1mm且长度为10mm的喷嘴挤出,熔融粘度显示为48000泊时所测得的温度。
(2)模塑后玻璃纤维的数均纤维长度和数均纤维直径:采用ASTM No.4(模塑制品厚度2.5mm)的试验片并且用电炉于600℃下处理2小时将其制成灰烬。将所得玻璃纤维用反射幻灯机放大(对于数均纤维长度放大倍数50或20倍,对于数均纤维直径放大倍数100倍),并且拍照。然后,测量大约500玻璃纤维的纤维长度和纤维直径。
(3)比重:按照ASTM D792(23℃)采用ASTM No.4哑铃测量。
(4)抗弯强度:按照ASTM D790采用长度127mm、宽度12.7mm且厚度6.4mm的试验片来测量。
(5)弯曲模量:按照ASTM D790采用JIS K7113(1/2)跨距20mm的哑铃形试验片(厚度0.5mm)来测量。
(6)负荷下热形变温度:按照ASTM D648处于1.85Mpa负荷下,采用长度127mm、宽度12.7mm且厚度6.4mm的模塑试验片来测量。
实施例1-2和对比例1-5
采用同向旋转双螺杆捏合挤出机(由IKG公司生产的PMT47)在380℃的机筒温度和150rpm的螺杆转速下,将表1所示组合物中每一下述组分造粒,得到液晶聚酯树脂组合物的颗粒。
·液晶聚酯树脂:
液晶聚酯树脂[比重1.38],含有上述结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ),(Ⅰ)∶(Ⅱ)∶(Ⅲ)∶(Ⅳ)的摩尔比为50∶25∶23.75∶1.25并且具有380℃的流动温度。
·玻璃纤维:短切玻璃纤维(商品名:CS03JAPX-1,由Asahi fiber glass生产)
·玻璃纤维:磨碎的玻璃纤维(商品名:REV-8,由Nippon Sheet Glass生产)。
在上述双螺杆挤出机中,进料区分成两部分,其一位于螺杆的上游部分,另一位于下游部分,与上游部分相距螺杆距离L。L/D=14(D表示螺杆直径,并且D和L属于相同度量单位)。
实施例1和2以及对比例1-5中,全部量液晶聚酯树脂由上游部分进料区供应,并且全部量的玻璃纤维由下游部分进料区供应。
使用所得的颗粒,采用注塑机(PS40E5ASE型,由Nissei Plastic Industrial制造)在400℃机筒温度和130℃模塑温度下进行注塑成型。从而得到试验片,进行上述测量。结果列于表1中。
本发明液晶聚酯树脂组合物加工性能优良。所得模塑制品具有低的比重,机械性能和耐热性优良,并且可用作诸如电气和电子部件之类的材料。
表1
液晶聚酯树脂(份数) | 玻璃纤维 | 数均玻璃纤维长度(μ m) | 数均玻璃纤维直径(μm) | 弯曲模量(0.5t)(GPa) | 比重 | 抗弯强度(GPa) | 负荷下热形变温度(℃) | ||
GF种类 | 量(份数) | ||||||||
实施例1 | 100 | 短切GF | 11.1 | 348 | 10 | 29.7 | 1.45 | 127 | 354 |
对比例1 | 100 | 短切GF | 25.0 | 305 | 10 | 30.1 | 1.52 | 140 | 354 |
对比例2 | 100 | 短切GF | 42.8 | 310 | 10 | 30.3 | 1.60 | 152 | 355 |
对比例3 | 100 | 短切GF | 66.7 | 116 | 10 | 31.0 | 1.69 | 127 | 339 |
对比例4 | 100 | 磨碎GF | 11.1 | 89 | 10 | 24.5 | 1.45 | 126 | 338 |
对比例5 | 100 | 磨碎GF | 25.0 | 85 | 10 | 24.2 | 1.52 | 128 | 337 |
对比例6 | 100 | 磨碎GF | 42.8 | 83 | 10 | 23.8 | 1.69 | 127 | 335 |
Claims (5)
2.权利要求1的液晶聚酯树脂组合物,其中基于液晶聚酯树脂中结构单元(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)的总和计,结构单元的量为40~80%摩尔的上述(Ⅰ),和10~30%摩尔的(Ⅱ);并且(Ⅱ)/((Ⅲ)+(Ⅳ))=0.9~1.1和(Ⅳ)/((Ⅲ)+(Ⅳ))=0~0.5。
3.权利要求1或2的液晶聚酯树脂组合物,其中以下定义的液晶聚酯树脂的流动温度为320℃或以上,此处流动温度是指采用Shimadzu公司生产的Koka型流动检验器CFT-500,在100kgf/cm2(9.81MPa)的负荷下,以4℃/分钟的升温速率,当受热的树脂通过内径为1mm且长度为10mm的喷嘴挤出,熔融粘度显示为48000泊时的温度。
4.一种使用权利要求1至3中任一项的液晶聚酯树脂组合物所获得的模塑制品。
5.一种制备权利要求1的聚酯树脂组合物的方法,其中使用配有螺杆的熔融捏合挤出机,并且挤出机带有位于挤出方向上游部分的上游侧供料部位,和位于所述上游侧供料部位的下游部分的下游侧供料部位,并且所述上游侧供料部位与所述下游侧供料部位之间的距离(L)和螺杆直径(D)的比值(L/D)为4~30(L和D是相同的度量单位);在螺杆旋转下,液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的90%或90%以上和玻璃纤维总供给量的5wt%以下由上游侧供料部位供应,液晶聚酯树脂总供给量的10%以下和玻璃纤维总供给量的95%或95%以上由下游侧供料部位供应。
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- 2001-04-03 KR KR1020010017584A patent/KR100723278B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-03 TW TW090107949A patent/TW526234B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-03 CN CNB011178914A patent/CN1174082C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN101065431B (zh) * | 2003-07-01 | 2011-11-30 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 液晶聚合物组合物 |
CN1990543B (zh) * | 2005-12-14 | 2011-08-10 | 上野制药株式会社 | 液晶聚酯组合物 |
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CN110774472A (zh) * | 2015-03-23 | 2020-02-11 | 下一代回收机有限公司 | 用于处理塑料熔体的设备以及方法 |
TWI754049B (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2022-02-01 | 日商住友化學股份有限公司 | 液晶聚酯組成物 |
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US6793847B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
KR20010095259A (ko) | 2001-11-03 |
KR100723278B1 (ko) | 2007-05-30 |
CN1174082C (zh) | 2004-11-03 |
DE10116473A1 (de) | 2001-10-11 |
US20020017631A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
TW526234B (en) | 2003-04-01 |
JP2001288342A (ja) | 2001-10-16 |
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