CN1281478A - 含羟烷基酰胺基的缩聚物 - Google Patents
含羟烷基酰胺基的缩聚物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1281478A CN1281478A CN98811654A CN98811654A CN1281478A CN 1281478 A CN1281478 A CN 1281478A CN 98811654 A CN98811654 A CN 98811654A CN 98811654 A CN98811654 A CN 98811654A CN 1281478 A CN1281478 A CN 1281478A
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- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- alkyl
- aryl
- cyclo
- groups
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 title description 2
- -1 cyclic anhydride Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
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- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004810 partition chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
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- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6854—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明涉及在主链上含酯基和至少含一个酰胺基的线性或分支聚合物,它有羟烷基酰胺端基,其重均分子量≥800g/mol。本发明也涉及完全或部分改性的聚合物。根据本发明的聚合物,例如也可通过环酐和链烷醇胺反应生成β-羟烷基酰胺得到,之后,通过缩聚作用得到聚酯酰胺。根据本发明的聚合物,例如,可用于热固型粉末树漆的组合物。
Description
本发明涉及在主链上含酯基并至少含一个酰胺基的线性或分支缩聚物,它至少有一个羟烷基酰胺端基,其重均分子量≥800 g/mol。
优选所述聚合物至少含两个根据式(Ⅰ)的基团其中,H、(C1-C20)(环)烷基或(C6-C10)芳基,B为任选取代的(C2-C24)芳基或(环)烷基脂肪族双基,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6相互独立,可相同或不同,为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)(环)烷基和n为1-4。
更优选所述聚合物至少含两个根据式(Ⅱ)的基团其中,H、(C1-C20)(环)烷基或(C6-C10)芳基,B为任选取代的(C2-C24)芳基或(环)烷基脂肪族双基,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6相互独立,可相同或不同,为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)(环)烷基。
根据另外的优选实施方案,含羟烷基酰胺基的聚合物是根据式(Ⅲ)的聚合物:其中:H、(C1-C20)(环)烷基或(C6-C10)芳基,或OH,B为任选取代的(C2-C24)芳基或(环)烷基脂肪族双基,X2为H或X1R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6相互独立,可相同或不同,为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)(环)烷基或CH2-OX2。
在式(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)及(Ⅲ)中,R基团共同或与相邻碳原子一起形成环烷基的部分。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,含β-羟烷基酰胺基的聚合物为式(Ⅳ)的聚合物:其中:H、(C1-C20)(环)烷基或(C6-C10)芳基,或OH,B为任选取代的(C2-C20))芳基或(环)烷基脂肪族双基,X2为H或X1R3为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)烷基和R6为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)烷基。
根据本发明,该聚合物的重均分子量一般为800-50,000,优选1000-25,000 g/mol。
其数均分子量一般为600-10,000,优选700-4000。
羟烷基酰胺官能度一般为2-250,优选5-50之间。
官能度是所述聚合物组成中,每摩尔特异性反应基团的平均数。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,该聚合物的羟烷基酰胺聚合物官能度≥5,含β-羟烷基酰胺基的聚合物是分子式(Ⅴ)表示的聚合物:其中:或OH,B为任选取代的(C2-C12)芳基或(环)烷基脂肪族双基,X2为H或X1,R3为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)(环)烷基和R6为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)(环)烷基。
优选R3和R6为(C1-C4)烷基。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,R3和R6为甲基和乙基。
B可以是饱和或不饱和的。
B可被例如饱和或不饱和的(C1-C26)烷基取代;优选用C1。
B可为例如(甲基-)1,2-亚乙基(ethylene)、(甲基-)1,2-亚乙基(ethylidene)、1,3-亚丙基、(甲基-)1,2-环己基、(甲基-)1,2-亚苯基、1,3-亚苯基、1,4-亚苯基、2,3-降冰片基、2,3降冰片烯-5-基和/或(甲基-)1,2环己-4-烯基。
取决于选择的起始单体,分子或分子混合物中的变量B、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6的每次变化,可以选择为相同的或不相同的。
根据本发明的聚合物组成,一般含有高级和低级低聚物组成,通常含少于50%(重量),优选少于30%(重量)的分子量小于600的低聚物。
根据本发明的聚酯酰胺,可通过如二价羧酸的一和/或二羟烷基酰胺的缩聚作用得到。
因此,根据本发明的线性聚合物,往往含酰胺基和酯基,如下列链状交错:
E-A-E-A-A-E-A-E-A-E
其中,二酰胺与交替的酯(E)-酰胺(A)基偶合。
一般而言,链上结合的酰胺类的摩尔数比结合的酯的摩尔数多。
根据本发明的聚合物,至少含60%(重量)的由式(Ⅲ)-(Ⅴ)表示的产物。
根据本发明的的聚合物,也可以通过在例如约20-100℃的温度时,环酐与链烷醇胺反应,生成羟烷基酰胺的一步法得到,之后,在温度如约120-250℃时,经蒸馏脱水的缩聚作用,得到聚酯酰胺。
该反应可无需溶剂进行,也可在水中或有机溶剂中进行。
蒸馏脱水可在高于1巴的压力,真空或共沸态下进行。
优选的环酐是根据式(Ⅸ)的环酐:其中,B具有如上定义的意义。
适合的环酐的例子包括:邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸酐、降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、2-十二碳烯-1-基-琥珀酸酐、马来酸酐、(甲基)琥珀酸酐、戊二酸酐、4-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐、4-甲基-六氢邻苯二酸酐、4-甲基四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐及不饱和脂肪酸的马来化烷基酯。
优选的链烷醇是根据式(Ⅹ)的链烷醇胺:其中:或(C1-C20)(环)烷基,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6相互独立,可相同或不同,为H、(C6-C10)芳基或(C1-C8)(环)烷基或CH2OH且n为1-4。
更优选n为1。链烷醇胺可为一链烷醇胺、二链烷醇胺、三链烷醇胺或它们的混合物。
如果可能的聚合物合成之一采用了一链烷醇胺,可得到官能度为2的线性聚合物。取决于要求的应用,可选择线性或完全或部分分支的聚合物,其中分支程度可通过选定的链烷醇胺来确定。
如需要具高官能度的高级分支结构,就要以二-或三链烷醇胺作原料化合物。
适合的一-β-链烷醇胺例子包括:乙醇胺、1-(间)乙基乙醇胺、正丁基乙醇胺、1-(间)乙基异丙醇胺、异丁醇胺、β-环己醇胺、正丁基异丙醇胺和正丙醇胺。
适合的二-β-链烷醇胺的例子包括:3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇、2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇二异丁醇胺(双-2-羟基-1-丁基)胺)、二-β-环己醇胺和二异丙醇胺(双-2-羟基-1-丙基)胺)。
适合的三链烷醇例如有三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷。
优选采用β-烷基-取代的β-羟烷基酰胺。例子有:(双)异丙醇胺、环己基异丙醇胺、1-(间)乙基异醇胺、(双)异丁醇胺、双-β-环己醇胺和/或正丁基异丙醇胺。
这导致了聚合物组成的抗水解性增强。
最优选的为二异丙醇胺和二异丁醇胺。
酐与链烷醇胺的当量比一般为110∶1.0-1.0∶1.8。优选该比例为1∶1.05-1∶1.5。
例如通过如上所述的链烷醇胺与含一酸基和一活性酸基的化合物反应,也可得到根据本发明的化合物,之后,经缩聚作用得到聚酯酰胺。
适合的、含一酸基和一活性酸基的化合物的例子是烷基酯,如,一(间)乙基己二酸酯和一(间)乙基癸二酸酯、酐和硫代酸酯。
通过如上所述的环酐与醇的反应,也可得到根据本发明的化合物,之后,所得反应产物就地与链烷醇胺反应,经缩聚作用进而得到聚酯酰胺。
适合的醇的例子为(C1-C10)醇。
优选采用甲醇和乙醇。
除羟烷基酰胺基之外,聚合物也可含有羧基,其量为0.01-2.0 mg当量/克聚合物,聚合物中的羧酸数量可由酐/链烷醇胺的比例及转化率来控制。如果使用过量链烷醇胺,缩聚反应(几乎)彻底,则存在的酸通常少于0.2 mg量/克聚合物。如出现羧基,它们会在后继步骤中,与含一个或多个可与羧酸反应的基团的化合物,如表氧基或β-羟烷基酰胺基反应。羧酸总量最好尽可能地低。如0.01-0.02 mg量/克聚合物。
聚合物的分支度和官能度取决于原材料和聚合物的分子量。分子量大于2000并采用二-和/或三链烷醇胺,往往导致官能度≥10的高分支度结构。
由于出现总量少于10%(重量)(占酐总量)的双酐和二酐代替根据式(Ⅸ)的酐,聚合物就可能不仅仅包括根据式(Ⅲ)-(Ⅴ)的产品。
本发明也涉及到完全或部分改性的聚合物。
例如,通过根据式(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ)或(Ⅴ)的任一聚合物,与含能与羟烷基酰胺反应的反应基团的单体、低聚物或聚合物反应,可发生改性。
适合的反应基团的例子包括羧基、羧酸酯、羧酸酐、表氧基、烷氧基硅烷基、异氰酸酯基、酰氯基、环氧氯醇基、胺基、酚基、羟甲基化的酰胺基及它们的组合物。
优选只含一个可与羟烷基酰胺反应的基团的单体、低聚物或聚合物,这样,在改性时,不会出现交联。
根据式(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ)或(Ⅴ)的聚合物,最好用含羧酸基团的化合物改性。
适合的羧酸有,如,饱和脂肪(C1-C26)酸、不饱和(C1-C20)脂肪酸、芳香酸及α、β-不饱和酸。
适合的α、β-不饱和酸有(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸和衣康酸、马来酸、12-羟基硬酯酸、聚酯羧酸和富马酸的单酯或单酰胺。
适合的饱和脂肪酸有,如,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、2-乙基己酸、月桂酸和硬脂酸。
适合的芳香酸有,如,苯甲酸和叔丁基苯甲酸。
Z可选自,例如,饱和的或未饱和的(C1-C40)烷基或芳基,聚合物或低聚物。适合的聚合物的例子为聚酯、聚醚和聚(己)内酯。
Z可被如酯基、醚基、酰胺基及醇基取代。
改性聚合物可由相同或不同的Z基团组成。
根据本发明的分支聚合物,也可与二异氰酸酯反应,之后,得到的异氰酸酯-官能的聚合物与可与异氰酸酯反应的化合物反应。所用的二异氰酸酯,优选由含两个或多个具不同反应活性的异氰酸酯基团的化合物生成。优选为脂肪族二异氰酸酯,它具有一个在空间上更接近的结合于伯碳原子的异氰酸脂基和一个在空间上较少接近的结合于叔碳原子的异氰酸脂基。
适合的二异氰酸酯的例子分别有:1,4-二异氰酰-4-甲基-戊烷、1,5-二异氰酰-5-甲基己烷、3(4)-异氰酰甲基-1-甲基环己基异氰酸脂、1,6-二异氰酰-6-甲基-庚烷、1,5-二异氰酰-2,2,5-三甲基己烷、1,7-二异氰酰-3,7-二甲基辛烷、1-异氰酰-1-甲基-4-(4-异氰酰丁-2-基)-环己烷,1-异氰酰-1,2,2-三甲基-3-(2-异氰酰乙基)-环戊烷、1-异氰酰-1,4-二甲基-4-异氰酰甲基-环己烷、1-异氰酰-1,3-二甲基-3-异氰酰甲基-环己烷、1-异氰酰正丁酯基-3-(4-异氰酰丁-1-基)-环戊烷及1-异氰酰-1,2-二甲基-3-乙基-3-异氰酰甲基-环戊烷。
优选的异氰酸酯有3(4)-异氰酰甲酯-1-甲基环己基异氰酸酯(IMCI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。
单体、低聚物和聚合物都可用作可与异氰酸酯基反应的化合物。这类化合物含可与异氰酸酯基形成化学键的反应基团。
适合的反应基的例子有醇和胺基。
适合的化合物的例子为羟乙(甲)基丙烯酸酯、羟基(C2-C12)烷基乙烯基醚、4-羟基丁(甲)基丙烯酸酯、氨丙基乙烯基醚、氨烷基乙烯基醚、氨基丙基-三(间)乙氧基硅烷和氨基烷基三烷氧基硅烷。
优选二异氰酸酯,如IMCI,与选择性催化剂混合,这样就不会出现链增长或交联。
所用的催化剂,可由元素周期系的Ⅲ、Ⅳ、或Ⅶ族中任一族中具可交换抗衡离子的金属元素的离子型金属配合物制备。适合的催化剂的例子有丁醇钛(Ⅳ)、乙酰基丙酮酸锆(Ⅳ)、丁醇锆(Ⅳ)、乙酸锡(Ⅳ)、乙酰基丙酮酸镁(Ⅲ)、异丙醇钛(Ⅳ)、2-乙基己酸锆(Ⅳ)及氯化锡(Ⅳ)。
改性和未改性的聚合物可非常广泛地用于不同的技术领域,既可用于热固型(thermosettmg)又可用于热塑型(thermoplastic)。例子有粉末-油漆成分、基于水或溶剂的涂料体系、罐头漆或卷材(coil)涂料体系、辐射固化涂料组合物、醇酸树脂涂料、用于建筑的不饱和树脂(如腻子、密封材料、铸塑化合物和模塑化合物)、油墨、有机调色剂、用于玻璃纤维定型(sizings)的成膜剂、粘合剂、热熔体、及橡胶组合物。
未经改性或部分改性的、根据本发明的聚合物,一般会用于粉未油漆体系、罐头漆或卷材涂料体系或基于溶剂的涂料体系。
如果在如脂肪酸的帮助下进行改性,根据本发明的聚合物可被用作风干体系。
自由基固化化合物的改性,提供了在辐射固化涂料和建筑树脂技术领域的可行性。
考虑到根据本发明的聚合物改性的许多可行性,改性可针对技术应用的任何广泛领域。
根据本发明的聚合物可用于热固型粉末油漆组合物(powder-paintcompositions)。优选使用含β-羟烷基酰胺基的聚合物组成的粉末油漆组合物。
热固型粉末油漆比热塑型粉末油漆具更好的抗化学性。因此,进行长期艰苦的努力,开发用于热固型粉末油漆的交联剂和聚合物。仍在努力寻求具良好流动特性、良好贮存稳定性及良好反应活性的热固型粉末油漆的粘合剂组合物。热固型粉末油漆的粘合剂成分一般含大于50%(重量)的聚合物和少于50%(重量)的交联剂。
根据本发明的聚合物可用于粉末油漆组合物中作为聚合物和交联剂。
根据本发明的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),取决于所选原材料和分子量,为0-150℃,优选50-110℃之间。
优选根据式(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ)或(Ⅴ)中任一化合物,用于粉末油漆成分。也可采用含高达如50%(重量),优选低于30%(重量)的改性羟烷基酰胺基的聚合物。
最终由粉末油漆获得的涂料必须满足许多不同的需要。已知多种体系。某些体系在固化时释放出挥发性成分。这些体系形成的涂层有气泡和/或释放出不需要的排出物(emissions)的缺点。就后者而言,如挥发性组分原本是有机物,可能产生不利的环境或健康问题。此外,发现不是总能认识到粉末油漆或粉末涂料的全部所需特性。
含有羟烷基酰胺交联剂的体系,如,根据EP-A-322834,由于反应水释放的结果、在约100μm层厚限度以上含有气泡。
在其它体系中使用聚酯和含环氧基的普通交联剂,一般没有挥发性组分从这些体系中释放。然而,在所谓的混杂体系中采用双酚-A-环氧树脂,导致涂料在暴露于紫外光时表现出相当大范围的泛黄和粉化(powdering),而频繁使用的异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)交联剂则怀疑有毒。
已发现使用根据本发明的聚合物作为粉末油漆粘合剂组合物的交联剂,带来所需的高要求性能。如:良好的流动特性和抗化学性、在达到并包括至少120μm层厚度的表面,所需的无气泡生成的光泽、高抗刮痕性、良好的机械性、良好的粉末稳定性、良好的耐久性和粉末涂料的良好的颜色稳定性。
令人惊喜的是,采用高官能的根据本发明的交联剂,产生良好的流动特性,因为一般说来,比如具高于6的官能度的交联剂,会使流动特性下降。
取决于要求的最终应用,根据本发明的上述交联剂,也可用于与其它交联剂结合,如异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)、聚双酚-A-环氧衍生物如,各种EpikoteTM(环氧类树脂)级,含(封端)(blocked)异氰酸酯基的化合物如己内酰胺封端异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体,含β-羟烷基酰胺基的交联剂如Primid XL 522TM(Rohm和Haas)和/或多官能噁唑啉。根据最终应用,选择交联剂之间的重量比。
根据本发明的交联剂,优选与由至少一个具5-26个碳原子的、线性或分支脂肪族链和多于一个的环氧官能度组成的交联剂、条件是该环氧基联在至少一条脂肪族链上。这类交联剂如EP-A-600546中所述并包括如环氧化油,这类油有亚麻子油、豆油、红花油、奥气油、carraway种子油、菜子油、蓖麻油、脱水蓖麻油、棉子油、古云香脂油、vernonia油(天然油)、向日葵油、花生油、橄榄油、soyleafoil、玉米油、鱼油如鲱鱼油或沙丁鱼油及非环状萜油。
环氧化油优选环氧化豆油和/或环氧化亚麻子油。
作为交联剂,粉末-油漆-粘合剂组合物可含根据本发明的聚合物,并且,作为该聚合物,它含有羟基或酸酐基。
例如,聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醚(如基于双酚或酚醛清漆的聚醚)、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚碳酸酯、三氟乙烯共聚物或五氟丙烯共聚物、聚丁二烯、聚苯乙烯或苯乙烯马来酐共聚物可选作该聚合物。
一般地,采用酸值高于40 mg KOH/克树脂的聚合物,因为相对高的酸值带来更好的与根据本发明的化合物的反应性。
该聚合物的分子量(Mn)一般高于800,优选高于1500。在100-200℃温度时,该聚合物须具良好流动性,因而其分子量(Mn)低于约10,000,优选低于约7000。
该聚合物在158℃时的粘度一般低于8000 dPas。粘度通常高于100 dPas。粘度在约300-5000 dPas范围内变化较有利。这里所说的粘度,是根据Misev在Powder Coatings,Chemistry and Technology,第287-288页(1991),所介绍的Emila法测定的。
该聚合物的Tg一般约高于20℃,优选高于30℃,并可以高于40℃。聚合物的Tg一般低于120℃,否则,粘合剂组合物会有些难以制备。如上已述,可根据粘合剂组合物的可取Tg,选择聚合物的Tg。
如采用只具可与羟烷基酰胺官能度反应的末端基的聚合物,则聚合物的平均官能度(可与羟烷基酰胺基团反应)大于1.6,优选大于2。聚合物的平均官能度一般小于10,优选小于6。如采用聚合物,如带附加官能团的聚丙烯酸酯,平均官能度约大于1.6,优选大于2。这样的聚合物的平均官能度一般小于8,优选小于4。
适合的聚合物最优选聚酯和聚丙烯酸酯。
采用所述聚合物,可在粘合剂和粉末涂料本身得到各种特性。聚丙烯酸酯具高抗泛黄性和抗天气影向性。可被用作聚合物的聚丙烯酸酯可以基于(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯和(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯如(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯和(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的缩水甘油酯或缩水甘油醚。
经已知的方法可得到聚丙烯酸酯。这些方法中,可以采用共聚单体如苯乙烯、马来酸或马来酸酐和少量乙烯,丙烯和丙烯腈。其它乙烯基或烷基单体、如辛烯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯及邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯可少量加入。
含酸基的聚丙烯酸酯,一般经所需量的酸,如(甲)丙烯酸、马来酸或富马酸的共聚合反应制得。
聚丙烯酸酯的粘度通常在100-8000 dPas之间(用Emila法,在158℃下测得)。
在美国专利US-A-3,752,870、US-A-3,787,340及US-A-3,758,334和英国专利1,333,361中,介绍了聚丙烯酸酯,所述专利介绍的内容通过引用结合于本发明中。
可用作可与β-羟烷基酰胺基团反应的聚合物的聚氨基甲酸酯也包括,如以酸基和(封闭)异氰酸酯基封端的聚氨基甲酸酯。
聚合物通常来自于脂肪族多元醇和多羧酸(polyccaboxylic acid)残基。
多羧酸一般从由芳族及脂环族多羧酸中选择,因为这类酸一般具有提高聚酯Tg的效应。特别是采用二元酸。多羧酸的例子是间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、六氢化对苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸和4,4-氧双苯甲酸,并在易得到的情况下,使用它们的酸酐、酰氯、或低碳烷基酯,如萘二甲酸的二甲酯。虽然并不需要,但羧酸组分往往含至少约50%(摩尔),优选至少约70%(摩尔)的间苯甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸。
其它适合的芳族脂环族和/或无环多羧酸有,如,3,6-二氯苯二甲酸、四氯邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢对苯二甲酸、六氯代桥亚甲基四氢苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、癸烷二羧酸、己二酸、丁二酸、1,2,4-苯三酸和马来酸。这些不同羧酸的用量可大至为总羧酸量的50%(摩尔)。这些酸可这样使用,或在易得到的情况下,以它们的酐、酰氯或低级烷基酯形式使用。
也可采用羟基羧酸和/或任选内酯,如12-羟基硬脂酸、羟基新戊酸及ε-己内酯。如需要,可少量使用一元羧酸,如,苯甲酸、叔丁基苯甲酸、六氢苯甲酸和饱和脂族一元羧酸。
多元醇尤其是二醇,可用于与羧酸反应,得到包括脂族二元醇在内的聚酯,如,1,2-亚乙基二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇(即新戊二醇)、2,5-己二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,2-双-(4-羟基-环己基)-丙烷(氢化双酚A)、1,4-二羟甲基环己烷、二甘醇、双丙二醇和2,2-双[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-苯基]丙烷和新戊二醇的羟基新戊酯。
少量的,如少于约4%(重量),但优选少于2%(重量)的三官能醇或酸,可用于获得分支聚酯。适合的多元醇和多元酸的例子有,甘油、己三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三-(2-羟乙基)-异氰脲酸酯和1,2,4-苯三酸。
通常不优选四官能单体,因为它们会引起过度的分支作用或胶凝作用,尽管可能非常少量地采用它们。适合的多官能醇和酸的例子有山梨醇、季戊四醇和均苯四酸。然而,优选三官能单体合成分支聚酯。
例如,可以通过选择二醇来影响涂料的性质。例如,如要求良好的耐久性,则优选含至少70%(摩尔)的新戊二醇、1,4-二甲氧基己烷和/或氢化双酚A。如需要良好的耐久性,也可采用己内酯和羟基新戊酸。
任选在普通酯化催化剂,如氧化二丁锡或钛酸四丁酯的存在下,通过酯化或酯交换,用常用方法制备聚酯。可选择制备条件和COOH与OH之比,以得到具备在要求的数值范围之内的酸值或羟基值的最终产品。
优选以一系列步骤制备羧酸官能聚酯,其中的最后一步是,酯化芳族酸或优选脂肪酸,以得到酸官能聚酯。本领域技术人员知道,在过量二醇存在下,对苯二甲酸在第一步中产生反应。该反应基本上产生羟基官能聚酯。在第二步或后继步骤中,通过其它酸与第一步产物的反应,得到酸-官能聚酯。其它酸有,例如,间苯二酸、己二酸、琥珀酸酐、1,4-环己烷二羧酸和1,2,4-苯三酸酐。
优选在170-200℃温度下采用1,2,4-苯三酸酐,因为这样可得到带较大量的1,2,4-苯三酸末端基的聚酯,从而增加粘合剂体系的反应性,并得到较好的涂料特性。
聚酯可以是结晶聚酯,但优选非晶态聚酯。也可采用结晶聚酯和非晶态聚酯的混合物。非晶态聚酯的粘度一般在100-8000 dPas之间(用Emila法,在158℃下测得)。结晶聚酯粘度一般较低,约在2-200dPas之间。
如聚酯含能与羧酸反应的基团,则选定聚酯的酸值,以便可以使用所需量的交联剂。酸值优选高于10,更优选高于40。
选择聚酯的Tg,以使聚酯-交联剂混合物的Tg在如30-80℃间,这会使由它们制备的粉末油漆或粘合剂在室温下实际上是稳定的。具低Tg的聚酯和交联剂的混合物可任意用于制备粉末涂料组合物。为保持粉末的稳定性,将这类粉末在冷却条件下贮存。
聚合物与交联剂的重量比的选择,取决于要求的最终应用,该比例一般在60∶40-90∶10之间,优选在75∶25-85∶15之间。
如用根据本发明的聚合物作粉末油漆组合物中的树脂,则可用含两个或多个能与β-羟基酰胺基反应的官能团的化合物作为交联剂。这类基团的例子有酐、羧酸、羧酸酯、环氧化物、异氰酸酯和烷氧基硅烷。优选采用酸酐基、羧酸和封端异氰酸酯。例子有己二酸、癸烷二羧酸、1,2,4-苯三酸酐、邻苯二甲酸或邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸或四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸或六氢邻苯二甲酸酐及任选己内酰胺或三唑封端的IPDI-三聚体或HDI-三聚体。
Misev在Powder Coatings,Chemistry and Technology(1991,JohnWiley),第42-54、148、224-226页,介绍了热固型粉末涂料的一般制备和为固化粉末油漆,以制成固化涂料的化学反应。热固型粘合剂组合物一般可称为由聚酯和交联剂组成的粉末油漆的树脂部分。
如需要,可在粘合剂组合物和根据本发明的粉末油漆体系中,使用普通添加剂,如颜料、填料、脱气剂、流动剂和稳定剂。适合的颜料例如有无机颜料,如二氧化钛、硫化锌、氧化铁和氧化铬,还有有机颜料,如偶氮化合物。适合的填料有,如金属氧化物、硅酸盐、碳酸盐和硫酸盐。
例如,主抗氧剂和/或二次抗氧化剂、紫外线稳定剂如醌类、(位阻)酚化合物,亚膦酸酯、亚磷酸盐、硫醚和HALS化合物(位阻胺光稳定剂),可用作稳定剂。
脱气剂的例子有,苯偶姻和环己烷二甲醇双苯甲酸酯。流动剂包括如,聚烷基丙烯酸酯、氟烃及硅流体。其它适合的添加剂是例如改进摩擦起电(tribocharging)的添加剂,如EP-B-371528所介绍的位阻叔胺。
可用普通方法使用根据本发明的粉末油漆,如粉末经静电喷涂到接地底物(substrate)上,并通过在合适的温度下将其加热足够长的时间来固化涂层。例如,使用的粉末可在煤气炉、电炉中或借助于红外辐射来加热。
供工业应用的粉末油漆(涂料)组合物的热固型涂料,在Misev的Powder Coatings,Chemistry and Technology(1991),第141-173页,进一步在一般意义上作了介绍。
根据本发明的组合物可用于例如用在金属、木材和塑料底物上的粉末油漆中。例子有工业涂料、机械和工具、家用和建筑部件涂料。涂料也适用于汽车制造业的零部件涂漆。
EP-A-19703952介绍了以β-羟烷基酰胺基作末端基的共聚多酯。该聚酯聚合物主链上无酰胺基。用三步法制备该共聚多酯可通过将羟基聚酯与聚羧酸二烷基酯混合,以生成含随后与氨基醇反应的共聚多酯的烷基酯基。作为对比,根据本发明的聚合物是除了β-羟烷基酰胺基末端基外,在主链上还具有酰胺基和酯基的聚酯酰胺。该聚合物通过广泛形成氢桥改良了机械涂料特性,并改进了交联密度和耐水解性。参考下列非限定的实施例,阐明本发明。
实施例Ⅰ
含邻苯二甲酸酐和二异丙醇胺单元的高分支聚合物的制备
将384g邻苯二甲酸酐和415g二异丙醇胺加入可经导热油加热,并装备有机械搅拌器、蒸馏头(distillation head)及氮和真空连接器的双壁玻璃反应器中。搅拌下将反应混合物逐渐加热至约70℃,然后更慢地加热至170℃。加热过程中抽真空。反应器压力调至反应水的释放压力,这样,通过蒸馏可将其从反应器中排出。总反应时间6小时之后,粘性聚合物含有少于0.1meq/g的羧酸(滴定法测定),且不再蒸馏出水。冷却后,得到为极浅黄的玻璃状聚合物。滴定发现羟基浓度为5.4meq/g。借助气相分配色谱法(普适标定),测得数均分子量为1500 g/mol;重均分子量为7700 g/mol。
实施例Ⅱ
含邻苯二甲酸酐和二异丙醇胺单元的高分支聚合物的制备
将232g邻苯二甲酸酐和270g二异丙醇胺加入可经导热油加热,并装备有机械搅拌器、蒸馏头及氮和真空连接器的双壁玻璃反应器中。搅拌下将反应混合物逐渐加热至约70℃,然后更慢地加热至170℃。加热过程中抽真空。反应器压力调至反应水的释放压力,这样,通过蒸馏可将其从反应器中排出。总反应时间5小时之后,粘性聚合物含有少于0.2meq/g的羧酸(滴定法测定),且不再蒸馏出水。冷却后,得到为浅黄的玻璃状聚合物。滴定发现羟基浓度为5.8meq/g。借助气相分配色谱法(普适标定),测得数均分子量为1100 g/mol;重均分子量为4900 g/mol。
实施例Ⅲ
含六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和二异丙醇胺单元的高分支聚合物的制备
将398g六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和408g二异丙醇胺加入可经导热油加热,装备有机械搅拌器、蒸馏头及氮和真空连接器的双壁玻璃反应器中。搅拌下将反应混合物逐渐加热至约70℃,然后更慢地加热至160℃。加热过程中抽真空。将反应器压力调至反应水的释放压力,以便通过蒸馏可将其从反应器中排出。总反应时间3.5小时之后,粘性聚合物的羧酸含量少于0.2meq/g(滴定法测定),且不再蒸馏出水。冷却后,得到为几乎无色的玻璃状聚合物。滴定发现羟基浓度为5.2meq/g。借助气相分配色谱法(普适标定),测得数均分子量为1550g/mol;重均分子量为7000 g/mol。
实施例Ⅳ
含六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和二异丙醇胺单元的高分支聚合物的制备
将378g六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和436g二异丙醇胺加入可经导热油加热,装备有机械搅拌器、蒸馏头及氮和真空连接器的双壁玻璃反应器中。搅拌下将反应混合物逐渐加热至约70℃,然后更慢地加热至160℃。加热过程中抽真空。反应器压力调至反应水的释放压力,以便通过蒸馏可将其从反应器中排出。总反应时间5小时之后,粘性聚合物的羧酸含量少于0.1 meq/g(滴定法测定),且不再蒸馏出水。冷却后,得到为几乎无色的玻璃状聚合物。滴定发现羟基浓度为6.1meq/g。借助气相分配色谱法(普适标定),测得数均分子量为1010g/mol;重均分子量为4600g/mol。
实施例Ⅴ-Ⅷ
含根据实施例Ⅰ-Ⅳ中任一实施例的聚合物的粉末组合物
经混合和挤出(120℃时,用PRISM挤压机)制备根据表1的粉末组合物。聚酯(来自DSM树脂的Uralac5040TM和Uralac5261TM)包括对苯二甲酸、己二酸、新戊二醇和1,2,4-苯三酸酐。
用普通方法对聚合物研磨、筛分,并静电喷涂(电晕法)到铝和钢测试面板上。在循环炉内,在200℃时10分钟固化周期或180℃时15分钟固化周期之后,测试面板以确定其外观(目测)、弹性(根据ErichsenISO 1520/DIN531 56,以毫米表示的渗透)、反冲击强度(reverse impactresistance)(ASTM-2794/69法,以英寸-磅表示)、丙酮耐力(acetoneresistance)(丙酮二次摩擦(double rubs))、附着力(划格法附着力试验)和硬度(K_nig法,以秒表示)。测试结果见表1。
这些实施例表明,根据本发明的聚合物,产生了具良好至非常良好的化学、机械和光学特性及高起泡极限(high blister limit)(目测)的涂料。
表1:组合物和涂料特性
1)用ASTM-2794/69法在钢上测试反冲击强度。冲击强度通常用英
组合物 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
聚酯树脂Uralac P5261TMUralac P5040TM | 155g | 156g | 162g | 159g | 160g | 164g |
交联剂,根据实施例Ⅰ实施例Ⅱ实施例Ⅲ实施例Ⅳ | 45g | 44g | 38g | 43g | 42g | 36g |
添加剂TiO22160苯偶姻BYK 36l | 100g3.0g1.5g | 100g3.0g1.5g | 100g3.0g1.5g | 100g3.0g1.5g | 100g3.0g1.5g | 100g3.0g1.5g |
固化周期 | 10分钟200℃ | 10分钟200℃ | 10分钟200℃ | 15分钟180℃ | 15分钟180℃ | 15分钟180℃ |
硬度冲击强度1)ESP2)附着力3)凝胶时间4)流动性气泡极限 | 235秒>160ip>8mmGt 0未测出5)良好120μ | 225秒160ip>8 mmGt 0151良好120μ | 215秒>160ip>8 mmGt 080良好130 μ | 215秒>160ip>8 mmGt 0116良好140μ | 210秒>160ip>8 mmGt 085良好140μ | 195秒>160ip>8 mmGt 0100良好140μ |
寸×磅表示,如果在160 i.p时,涂料上没发现裂纹,则将160 i.p
视为结果。160 i.p冲击强度代表1.84 m.kg。2) Erichsen慢渗透法;ISO 1520/DIN 531563)划格法附着力试验;ISO 2409/DIN 53154) DIN55990:B部分5)未测出。
Claims (20)
1.在主链上含有酯基和至少一个酰胺基的缩聚物,它至少有一个羟烷基酰胺端基且重均分子量≥800 g/mol。
7根据权利要求2-6任一项的聚合物,其特征在于B为(甲基-)1,2-亚乙基(ethylene)、(甲基-)1,2-亚乙基(ethylidene)、1,3-亚丙基、(甲基-)1,2-环己基、(甲基-)1,2-亚苯基、1,3-亚苯基、1,4-亚苯基、2,3-降冰片基、2,3降冰片烯-5-基和/或(甲基-)1,2环己-4-烯基。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项的聚合物,其特征在于重均分子量为800-50,000 g/mol之间,数均分子量为600-10,000之间且所述羟烷基酰胺的官能度为2-250之间。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项的聚合物,可通过二价羧酸的一和/或双-β-羟烷基酰胺的缩聚作用获得。
10.制备根据权利要求1-9任一项的聚合物的方法,其特征在于使环酐与链烷醇胺反应,生成羟烷基酰胺,之后,通过缩聚作用得到所述聚合物。
11.制备根据权利要求1-9任一项的聚合物的方法,其特征在于使链烷醇胺与含酸基和活性酸基的化合物反应,之后,通过缩聚作用得到所述聚合物。
12.制备根据权利要求1-9任一项的聚合物的方法,其特征在于使环酐与醇反应,之后,所得反应产物与链烷醇胺就地(in situ)反应,接着经缩聚作用得到所述聚合物。
其特征在于,所述链烷醇胺为β-烷基取代的β-羟烷基酰胺。
14根据权利要求10-13任一项的方法,其特征在于,所述链烷醇胺为(二)异丙醇胺、1-(间)乙基异丙醇胺、(二)异丁醇胺、环己基异丙醇胺、二-β-环己醇胺和/或正丁基异丙醇胺。
15.通过根据式(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ)或(Ⅴ)中任一聚合物与含能与羟烷基酰胺反应的反应基团的单体、低聚物或聚合物反应,可得到改性聚合物。
17.含有根据权利要求1-9或15-16中任一项的聚合物或根据权利要求10-14中任一项所获聚合物的粉末油漆粘合剂组合物。
18.根据权利要求17的粘合剂组合物,它还含包括至少一个具有5-26个碳原子的线性或分支脂族链的交联剂,其环氧官能度大于1,前提是所述环氧基连在至少一条脂族链上。
19.包括根据权利要求17-18任一项的粘合剂组合物的粉末油漆组合物。
20.通过固化根据权利要求19的粉末油漆得到的粉末涂料。
21.完全或部分涂布的底物,其特征在于,根据权利要求20的粉末涂料用作涂料。
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BR112015031540A2 (pt) | 2013-06-20 | 2017-07-25 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | polímeros hiper-ramificados |
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US3652501A (en) | 1970-05-28 | 1972-03-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Water soluble alkyd resins |
US3709858A (en) * | 1971-06-10 | 1973-01-09 | Eastman Kodak Co | Polyesteramide coating compositions |
BE1006097A3 (nl) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-05-10 | Dsm Nv | Poederverf op basis van een polymeer met vrije carbonzuurgroepen als bindmiddel en een beta-hydroxyalkylamidegroepen bevattende verbinding als crosslinker. |
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1997
- 1997-10-01 NL NL1007186A patent/NL1007186C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-09-22 AT AT98944344T patent/ATE247143T1/de active
- 1998-09-22 KR KR20007003495A patent/KR100524455B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-22 ES ES98944344T patent/ES2205543T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-22 WO PCT/NL1998/000546 patent/WO1999016810A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-09-22 IL IL13539698A patent/IL135396A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-22 CA CA002305364A patent/CA2305364C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-22 EP EP98944344A patent/EP1036106B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-22 JP JP2000513892A patent/JP3643032B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-22 CN CNB988116545A patent/CN1158334C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-22 AU AU91902/98A patent/AU746623B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-09-22 DE DE69817216T patent/DE69817216T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-25 TW TW087116006A patent/TW588069B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-29 MY MYPI98004472A patent/MY125719A/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-03-24 US US09/534,326 patent/US6392006B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
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CN102471487A (zh) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-05-23 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 树脂和涂料组合物 |
CN102471487B (zh) * | 2009-07-16 | 2015-11-25 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 树脂和涂料组合物 |
CN103641737A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-19 | 六安市捷通达化工有限责任公司 | 一种羧酸改性的羟烷基酰胺固化剂的制备方法 |
CN103641737B (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-04-20 | 六安市捷通达化工有限责任公司 | 一种羧酸改性的羟烷基酰胺固化剂的制备方法 |
CN103694443A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 苏州博纳化学科技有限公司 | 一种多元交联单体的合成方法 |
CN103694443B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州博纳化学科技有限公司 | 一种多元交联单体的合成方法 |
CN106189223A (zh) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-07 | 威海晨源分子新材料有限公司 | 一种基于超支化聚(酯‑酰胺)的高流尼龙及其制备方法 |
CN106366310A (zh) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 威海晨源分子新材料有限公司 | 含羧基高折射率超支化聚酯酰胺、其制备方法及其在塑料改性中的应用 |
CN111902453A (zh) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-11-06 | 巴特尔纪念研究院 | 来自c12-c23二酯的粉末涂料树脂 |
CN111902453B (zh) * | 2018-01-26 | 2023-01-03 | 巴特尔纪念研究院 | 来自c12-c23二酯的粉末涂料树脂 |
CN110317534A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 捷恩智株式会社 | 热硬化性组合物、硬化膜及彩色滤光片 |
Also Published As
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AU746623B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
CN1158334C (zh) | 2004-07-21 |
TW588069B (en) | 2004-05-21 |
US6392006B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
WO1999016810A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
JP2001518539A (ja) | 2001-10-16 |
ATE247143T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
US6387496B1 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
MY125719A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
CA2305364A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
IL135396A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
KR100524455B1 (ko) | 2005-10-26 |
DE69817216T2 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
US20020055609A1 (en) | 2002-05-09 |
IL135396A (en) | 2005-07-25 |
EP1036106B1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1036106A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 |
JP3643032B2 (ja) | 2005-04-27 |
AU9190298A (en) | 1999-04-23 |
NL1007186C2 (nl) | 1999-04-07 |
KR20010030837A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
ES2205543T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
CA2305364C (en) | 2004-06-29 |
DE69817216D1 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
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