CN1213506C - 无汞空气电池 - Google Patents
无汞空气电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1213506C CN1213506C CNB018099874A CN01809987A CN1213506C CN 1213506 C CN1213506 C CN 1213506C CN B018099874 A CNB018099874 A CN B018099874A CN 01809987 A CN01809987 A CN 01809987A CN 1213506 C CN1213506 C CN 1213506C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- zinc
- electrochemical cell
- cup
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- IGUXCTSQIGAGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[In+3] IGUXCTSQIGAGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 34
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 101000614399 Homo sapiens Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100040471 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[7-hydroxy-2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-2-methyl-3-propanoyloxypentanoic acid Chemical compound C1C(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC(=O)CC)C(C)C(O)=O)OC11OC(C)(C2OC(C)(CC2)C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CC1 ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000767952 Nemausa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005267 amalgamation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000378 hydroxylammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMFWDTJZHRDHNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[In] ZMFWDTJZHRDHNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0483—Alloys based on the low melting point metals Zn, Pb, Sn, Cd, In or Ga
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
-
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- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
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- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
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- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/12—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with flat electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0473—Filling tube-or pockets type electrodes; Applying active mass in cup-shaped terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种改进的钮扣空气电池,所述电池包括含有聚乙二醇化合物和氧化锌的电解液和含有氢氧化铟的阳极,此电池不含添加的汞,在阳极杯的密封表面上没有铟,并具有包含与铅合金化的锌的活性物质。
Description
本发明涉及没有添加汞的钮扣型电化学电池,尤其涉及无汞钮扣型空气去极化电池。
空气电化学电池需要充分地进行氧气的供应,钮扣空气电池广泛用于例如助听器这样的器件。典型的商用钮扣型碱性电化学电池具有锌或锌合金作为活性材料的负极(阳极)和碱性电解液,例如氢氧化钾。为了减少典型是在电化学反应过程中由于电池内部产生气泡所引起的泄漏,需要向电池中加入汞。目前市场上的钮扣电池采用少量的汞。但是,很显然,汞对环境有害,影响人畜的健康。因此,公众以及联邦政府、州和地方政府越来越希望实际上降低甚至消除所有电化学电池、包括钮扣型电池中的汞。
在对可商用的钮扣电池在没有任何其它改变的条件下进行汞的消除导致了电池泄漏,这是由于以下的一种或多种原因引起的:(1)产生气泡,(2)密封区的毛细管作用,(3)由电池中的电位差驱动的电化学漏电,以及(4)破裂或剥离的疏水层(例如,聚四氟乙烯层)。另外,钮扣空气电池中的压力会导致疏水层从空气电极剥离,这样就形成了空间,使电解液汇聚在里面。电解液的这种汇聚造成了空气达到电池的空气电极的屏障。
人们已经试着采取一些方法以便在基本上减少甚至消除电池的汞含量的同时消除钮扣型电池中的泄漏问题。Mansfield,Jr等人的美国专利5306580和5279905公开了一种带有再折型阳极杯镀铟内表面的空气电池。但发现,虽然铟减少了产生气泡,但是对于采用铟镀层的商用钮扣空气电池,在阳极杯内表面上的铟会引起不可接受程度的盐析。这是增加了毛细作用的结果,因为虽然在铟与铜表面降低了产生气泡现象,但和铜相比,铟具有更大的粗糙度。
日本东芝电池公司的日本专利申请文献10-162869公开了一种具有由三覆层(镍、不锈钢、铜)组分层叠制成的再折型阳极杯的非汞齐化空气电池。阳极采用具有特定容积密度范围的锌粉末和电解液比,以提高放电利用率和泄漏阻力。此参考文献的教导还不能在不产生不可接受的高度盐析的情况下成功地单独应用于钮扣电池。
在美国专利5168018中,Yoshizawa等人公开了向不含汞、含防腐蚀锌合金的碱性电池阳极中添加无机抑制剂例如In(OH)3和有机表面活性剂例如全氟烷基聚环氧乙烷,以降低氢气的产生。他们推测部分In(OH)3电沉积在锌合金的表面上,提高了在锌合金表面上的氢过电位,同时剩余的In(OH)3保留在碱性电解液中直到它电沉积在电池放电过程中新暴露的锌合金表面上。表面活性剂在锌合金的表面上形成疏水单分子层,以使锌合金更加抗腐蚀。Yoshizawa等人的教导在没有产生不可接受的高泄漏量的条件下还不能成功地单独用在钮扣电池中。
现在需要一种无汞的、即没有添加汞的钮扣型电化学电池,此电池高度地防止泄漏和盐析,提供满意的电性能,成本有效以制造和销售。
本发明是钮扣型电化学电池,优选是钮扣空气电池,该电池包括具有与密封垫圈接触的密封表面的阳极杯,在阳极杯的密封表面上没有非原位沉积的铟,优选没有非原位沉积的金属具有比铜的氢过电位高的氢过电位。本发明的电化学电池不添加汞,并具有优选包括低产生气泡锌活性材料的阳极。优选将氢氧化铟加入到阳极混合物中。如果将铟或具有更高氢过电位的其它金属放在用于制造根据本发明的电池的阳极杯的内表面上,那么铟或其它金属就限制在不在密封区的阳极杯的内表面部分。所述电池优选还包括含有聚乙二醇化合物和氧化锌的电解液。
正如在此采用的,阳极杯的密封区域是阳极杯表面与垫圈或密封剂接触的部分,以在阳极杯和垫圈之间形成密封。
正如在此采用的,原位沉积的金属是在阳极杯与阳极混合物和/或电解液结合后,作为与阳极混合物和/或电解液接触的结果,在阳极杯的表面上沉积的金属。非原位沉积金属是在阳极杯与阳极混合物和/或电解液结合前(例如,作为包覆、涂覆、电镀等的结果),在阳极杯表面上的金属或制成阳极杯的材料。
正如在此采用的,“在其上没有非原位沉积的铟(或其氢过电位高于铜的氢过电位的金属)”是指在阳极杯与阳极混合物和/或电解液结合前在其表面上不存在铟(或其氢过电位比铜的氢过电位高的金属)的阳极杯。但是,表面可以是包括铟(或其氢过电位比铜的氢过电位高的金属)作为杂质或作为合金中的微量组分(即,大约低于百万分之100(ppm)重量份)的金属。
本发明的另一方面是形成电化学电池的方法,包括步骤:(a)形成具有含锌的活性材料的阳极;(b)提供具有内表面的阳极杯,此阳极杯包括一区域,该区域没有铟或其它任何其氢过电位高于铜的氢过电位的金属,以便与垫圈密封;(c)清洗阳极杯的内表面;(d)提供电解液、空气电极和阴极壳;以及(e)结合阳极、空气电极、电解液、洗过的阳极杯以及阴极壳,形成纽扣型空气电化学电池。所形成的电池没有加入汞。
参考图中所示的实施方式,进一步理解和认识本发明,其中:
图1是可以采用本发明的钮扣型空气电化学电池的截面图;
图2是具有再折部分的钮扣型空气电化学电池的阳极杯的截面图;
图3是采用再折型阳极杯的钮扣型空气电化学电池的截面图。
本发明的电化学电池优选基本上没有汞,也就是说,在电池的所有组分中汞的总量是这样的:当处理电池时,它不会构成有害的量而引起环境污染。同样,本发明的电池优选没有加入的汞。“没有加入的汞”表示没有向任何电池组分加入汞。
典型地,少量的汞可以以天然产物的方式存在。因此,在本发明的优选电池中仅含的汞在电池组分中是自然存在的。对于本发明的优选电池,存在的汞量低于电池总重量的百万分之十,优选低于百万分之五,更优选低于百万分之二,最优选低于百万分之一。
下述方法用于确定电池中汞的总含量。根据三边“利用AAS、ICP-AES和‘冷蒸气’在锰电池中测定汞、镉和铅的电池工业标准分析法”、1998年4月颁布,将测定汞量的方法用于钮扣空气电池。此标准被欧洲移动电池协会(EPBA)、日本电池协会(BAJ)、国际电工协会(NEMA,USA)所采用。称量20g锌粉末、40g MnO2、6g KOH,放入2升的烧杯中。将500ml去离子水和400ml HNO3加入到烧杯中。向溶液中逐滴加入过氧化氢(H2O2),直到再加入过氧化氢时没有气泡产生为止。并且将烧杯放在热盘子中以便有助溶解。然后,将基质溶液转移到2升的容量瓶中并稀释到体积。通过将百万分之一份Hg标准的0、50、100、250、500、700微升的试样量放入6个300ml的瓶中,制备含有0-0.7微克汞的6个标准样品溶液。将100ml上述基质溶液加入各瓶中。称量将要分析的电池并在塑料袋中打开。对于钮扣和硬币电池,结合足够数量的电池以产生大约2.3g的阳极。然后,在此方法的部分8中描述的、与AAA电池有关的方法参数可以用于钮扣或硬币电池的收集。去除带有导电体的负极端子,并且还去除包含阳极的隔板纸。将隔板上的阳极浆料剥离到离心管中,此管将凝胶剂从锌中离心分离出来。凝胶剂部分放入微波容器中,电池中的剩余组分和锌部分放入爱伦美氏瓶中。向爱伦美氏瓶中加入硝酸和水。然后,将过氧化氢逐滴加入到样液中直到反应完成(即,在添加H2O2时没有气泡产生)。在热板上加热样品,维持足够的时间,以便反应和溶解。通过密闭容器微波技术,利用HNO3、H2O2分解上面获得的凝胶剂。分解后的凝胶剂溶液转移到相同的爱伦美氏瓶中作为剩余样品。然后完全地混合样液,并使之冷却。之后,过滤溶液并稀释成最终体积。根据使用者的手册,设置AAS冷蒸气设备。通过添加5ml 50%硫酸、混合,添加5ml 35%的硝酸、混合,添加1ml 5%高锰酸钾溶液,添加2ml硫酸胲溶液,混合直到澄清,以及添加5ml二氯化锡溶液并立即将通风设备放入瓶中,分析该标准样品。使溶液保持此状态,当记录针稳定后,去除通风设备。将100ml试样量的各样品转移到300ml瓶中,然后与标准样品一样的进行分析。然后,基于电池总重量(TCW),根据下式计算样品的汞含量(百万分之几份):
此处,“a”是在样品试样量中汞的微克数,“b”是在空白试样量中汞的微克数,“v”是以毫升计用于汞分析所取的试样量的体积,“V”是以毫升计的总样品体积。对于钮扣和硬币电池,用于测试的电池的总重量定义为TCW。
图1表示可以采用本发明的钮扣空气电池的结构的优选实施例。图1中所示的空气电池10包括阴极壳12,此阴极壳优选由镀镍钢板形成,该壳体12具有相对较平的中央区域14,该区域14由均匀高度的直壁16连续并环绕。选择性地,该壳体底部的中央区域14可以从壳体底部的外围部分向外突出出来。在阴极壳12的底部至少打一个孔18以作为空气进入孔。
在阴极壳12的底部附近放置空气电极20。空气电极20可以是任何适合在空气电极中采用的材料,但优选是碳、氧化锰(MnOx)以及四氟乙烯(TFE)的混合物。此混合物还选择性地含有经常存在于TFE中的表面活性剂。空气电极20还优选具有层叠其上的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)层22。PTFE层22层叠在图1所示的空气电极20的下侧(接近电池的底部)。空气电极20还优选包含金属网,此金属网优选由镍扩展金属制成,埋入在空气电极20中在PTFE叠层的相反侧上。空气电极还可以选择性地在PTFE层22和壳体12底部的平中央区域14之间包含阻挡膜(未示出),例如PTFE膜。至少一层隔膜24设置在空气电极20之上。优选的,多孔材料层设置在空气电极20和壳12的底部之间,以均匀地将空气供给电极20。
电池10还包括杯形金属部件26,它形成在电池的顶部,通常称作阳极杯。阳极杯26优选由含有铜的三覆层材料制成,铜层叠在覆镍不锈钢带的裸露侧上。镍层保护不锈钢带的外表面,它在阳极杯的一侧上,此侧形成电池10在其顶部的外部。铜表面朝着电池10的内部,因此形成阳极杯26的内表面36。因此,从外部到内部,三覆层阳极杯优选为Ni/不锈钢/Cu。也可以采用其它层叠材料形成阳极杯26,包括在不锈钢基底上的铜双面叠层,或由多于三层制成的叠层。如下所述,在将阳极杯与其它电池部件装配之前,阳极杯内部,至少在阳极杯接触密封剂的这一部分,优选没有铟及所有其他其氢过电位高于铜的氢过电位的金属。氢过电位比铜的氢过电位高的金属可能存在于阳极杯的密封区域中,这是在阳极混合物和/或电解液加入到阳极杯的过程中或之后,这些金属原位沉积的结果。然而,在阳极杯的密封区域的表面上,优选没有其氢过电位高于铜的氢过电位的原位沉积金属存在。在电池的制造过程中,优选将阳极杯26翻转过来,然后将阳极混合物28和电解液放入杯26中。电解液会夹带着含在阳极混合物28和/或电解液中的材料沿着阳极杯26的内表面36蠕变或通过毛细带走。其氢过电位比铜的氢过电位高的金属(例如铟和锌)的离子会在电解液与杯26接触的任何地方镀在阳极杯26的内表面36上。
阳极混合物28容纳在电池10的内部。阳极混合物28包括锌、电解液、有机化合物的混合物。混合物28优选包括锌粉末、凝胶剂例如Carbopol以及产生气泡抑制剂例如氢氧化铟(In(OH)3),以约99.7wt%的锌、约0.25wt%Carbopol、约0.045wt%氢氧化铟的量。Carbopol是以100%酸的形式的丙烯酸聚合物,可以从B.F.Goodrich得到。
根据本发明的锌粉末没有汞加入。优选锌粉末是产生较少气泡的锌粉末。优选通过下述方法测定,每5克的锌产生不高于0.5cc的气体,更优选每5克的锌产生不高于0.15cc的气体。将以5.00±0.02g的量的锌粉末放入到50ml的容量瓶中,具有从那里除去的瓶颈的几乎3/4”(英寸)。用氢氧化钾溶液(45wt%KOH)注满容量瓶,轻敲容量瓶,赶走所有的气泡。将8盎司塑料广口瓶中充入约3/4体积的KOH溶液,容量瓶放入其中。KOH应覆盖容量瓶瓶颈的边缘。然后用KOH溶液填充有刻度的离心量瓶,翻转,密封。翻转后的离心管浸没在塑料广口瓶中,然后拆封。然后将离心管放低到容量瓶上以停留在此瓶的肩部。除去广口瓶中的剩余的KOH,这样在翻转的离心管的开口端之上,液位低于3/4”(英寸)。广口瓶盖放置在离心管之上并旋转,将盖子固定在广口瓶的上面。广口瓶放在托盘上,放入炉子中以71℃烘烤24小时。24小时后,从炉子中取出样品,急剧敲打样品12次以驱除气泡。然后冷却45分钟。然后将样品再轻敲13次,利用液体的弯月面的底部读取所收集的气体的体积。但是,在记录前,必须根据下式校正体积:
Vcorr=Vread×P/760×298/(T+273),
此处,P是以汞的毫升数为单位的大气压,T是在读取体积时以摄氏度为单位的周围温度。
锌粉末优选是具有大约百万分之400至550(ppm)的铅的锌合金。锌粉末优选包含氧化锌(ZnO)的最大值为1.5wt%(更优选最大值为0.5wt%)。另外,锌粉末可以含有某些杂质。基于锌的重量,杂质铬、铁、钼、砷、锑、钒的总量的最大值优选为25ppm。并且,杂质铬、铁、钼、砷、锑、钒、镉、铜、镍、锡、铝的总量以重量计优选不超过锌粉末组分的68ppm。更优选的,基于锌的重量,锌粉末含有不超过下述含量的铁、镉、铜、锡、铬、镍、钼、砷、钒、铝、锗:Fe-3.5ppm,Cd-8ppm,Cu-8ppm,Sn-5ppm,Cr-3ppm,Ni-6ppm,Mo-0.25ppm,As-0.1ppm,Sb-0.25ppm,V-2ppm,Al-3ppm以及Ge-0.06ppm。
电解液的组成优选是约97wt%氢氧化钾(KOH)、约3.00wt%氧化锌(ZnO)、以及非常少量的Carbowax550,其中上述氢氧化钾是33%的水溶液,上述Carbowax550可中Union Carbide Corp.得到,基于阳极中锌的重量,优选含量约为10至500ppm,更优选约30至100ppm。
电池10还包括由用于密封的弹性材料制成的管形垫圈30。形成垫圈30的底部边缘以构成朝向内部的凸缘32,此凸缘紧靠着阳极杯26的边缘。选择性地,可以把密封剂设置在此垫圈、壳和/或阳极杯的密封表面。合适的密封剂材料是本领域的技术人员所知的。例子包括单独采用的沥青或与弹性材料或乙酸乙烯酯一起采用沥青、脂肪族的或含脂肪的聚酰胺、以及热塑性塑料弹性体如聚烯烃、聚胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚异丁烯。
将包括插入的空气电极20和相关联的薄膜的阴极壳12倒过来,用阳极杯/垫圈组件压住,垫圈与以杯体边缘朝上的方式倒置的阳极杯预先装配好。当翻过来时,阴极壳12的边缘向内变形,于是,阴极壳12的边缘34就压靠在阴极壳12和阳极杯26之间的弹性垫圈30上,由此在阳极杯26和阴极壳12之间形成了密封和电阻挡层。可以采用适当的方法,以使壳体的边缘向内变形,从而密封电池,这些方法包括压接、用夹头夹紧、用陷形模成型、再拉伸及其组合。优选此电池通过采用分段模具进行压接或用夹头夹紧的方式密封,这样,在得到更好的密封的同时,电池壳可以很容易地从模具上移去。
对于在此采用的,分段模具是其形成表面包括各分段的模具,各分段可以分开以扩大开口,通过这一开口,可以插入或移开所密封的电池。优选分段部分连接或保持在一起,使它们不会自由移动,以防止各分段单独的移动而损坏电池或影响电池的插入或移开。
可以在开口18上放置合适的调整片(未示出),直到电池准备使用时在使用前让空气进入电池中。
在图1所示的优选实施例中,本发明的钮扣型空气电化学电池包括直壁阳极杯26,也就是没有折叠。考虑到使泄漏减至最少,和折叠阳极杯(参见图2)相比,直壁阳极杯具有几个优点。当在电池密封的过程中施加压力时,和折叠杯126的圆形边缘140相比,直壁杯的尖锐边缘可以更有效地插入到垫圈的表面,得到更牢固的配合,使电解液更难穿过此界面。因为这样可以减少在下述区域中在壳体和杯体之间的垫圈130的压缩,此区域是指正好在壳体壁的折叠部分146中、“U”的外部144的端部边缘的上面的区域,达到这一点的电解液可以更容易地流过剩余距离,达到电池的外部(参见图3)。但是,本发明可以结合到具有带折叠结构的阳极杯的电池中。对于在此采用的,“直壁阳极杯”是这样一种阳极杯,其断开的端部边缘限定杯体的开口;“折叠部分”146是阳极杯壁的一部分,它是杯壁自身以U形的结构向上折叠回来形成的,因此杯中的开口就由“U”142的底部限定。
阳极杯26的内表面36没有铟,优选没有其氢过电压高于铜的氢过电压的所有金属,至少在内表面36接触垫圈30的位置上没有(图1)。充分地清洗内表面36以除去会引起产生气泡的杂质,例如润滑剂等,从而减少电池的泄漏。清洗阳极杯26的内表面36的优选方法是蒸汽脱脂,虽然也可以采用其他方法清洗阳极杯的内表面,只要充分地清洗表面以减少电池的泄漏。人们认为,即使当不添加汞的时候,除了用于密封阴极壳顶部的改善的压接方法之外,清洗也可以减少电池的盐析倾向。
另外,本发明的空气电池具有减少的盐析。盐析是一种泄漏的形式,其中,从电池中漏出的材料的量少、速率低,随着材料的泄漏液体会蒸发,因此通常没有润湿现象。引起泄漏的相同事物可以引起盐析。盐析对于小型电池来说是最危险的,小型电池的容器没有用套子遮蔽。对于盐析,客户和客户的标准非常高。除了直接影响销售之外,盐析的存在会严重影响接触电阻,会导致电池外部的腐蚀。此外,当电池盐析,就会损失电解液,减少电池的放电容量。出于本发明的目的,盐析定义为在20X或更小的放大倍率下可见的电解质盐的晶体,无论它们存在于壳体-垫圈的界面还是杯体-垫圈的界面。利用对比电池和本发明的电池进行对比试验。在表1中示出这些电池的组分。
表1
电池成分/特性 | 对比电池 | 本发明的电池 |
锌组分 | ||
Hg | 3±0.5wt% | 非汞齐化的 |
ZnO | 0.5wt%最大值 | 0.5wt%最大值 |
Pb | 400-500ppm | 400-500ppm |
Fe | 20ppm最大值 | 3.5ppm最大值 |
In | 200±20ppm | |
Cd | 10ppm最大值 | 8ppm |
Cu | 10ppm最大值 | 8ppm |
Cr | 5ppm最大值 | 3ppm |
Ni | 10ppm最大值 | 6ppm |
Mo | 1ppm最大值 | 0.25ppm |
Sb | 1ppm最大值 | 0.25ppm |
Th | 2ppm最大值 | |
Sn | 10ppm最大值 | 5ppm |
As | 1ppm最大值 | 0.1ppm |
V | 2ppm最大值 | 2ppm |
Al | 3ppm | |
Ge | 0.06ppm | |
锌产生气泡 | 0.15cc/5g Zn最大值 | |
阳极组分: | ||
Zn/电解液重量比: | 3.4至3.7 | 3.5至3.8 |
Carbopol | 阳极的0.25wt% | 阳极的0.25wt% |
In(OH)3 | 0 | 阳极的0.045wt% |
电解液组分: | ||
33wt%KOH水溶液 | 100wt% | 97wt% |
ZnO | 0 | 3wt% |
聚乙二醇 | 0 | 0.1mg/g Zn |
除非下面具体标明,否则对于空气电极、阳极杯、密封电池的方法或任何其它材料而言,在对比电池和本发明的电池之间没有显著的差别。
表2示出利用常规的整体压接模具,将对比电池与表1所示的采用本发明的电池相比较,对四种不同类型的空气电池进行盐析试验的结果。
表2
试验 | AC675(PR44) | AC13(PR48) | AC312(PR41) | AC10(PR70) | |
温度 | 时间 | ||||
21℃ | 1年 | -100% | -70% | -41% | -85% |
表2示出基于对于每种电池类型各100个电池的三种产品,和常规电池相比,根据本发明优选实施例制成的电池在盐析方面的平均改进(负数表示更少的盐析)。在21℃下一年后,出乎意料是,没有添加汞的电池比具有3%汞的常规电池具有更少的盐析。当3种产品各50个电池在71℃下进行试验时,观察到相似的结果。在如此高的温度下的试验是加速试验,给电池增加压力,这样问题可以在相对短的时间内显现出来。在71℃下过四星期和8星期之后,在本发明的电池上所观察到的盐析的量通常低于在常规电池上观察到的量。对于本发明的电池而言,在以71℃贮存后的盐析更高的极少情况下,差别的幅度很小。在21℃和71℃下的这种试验表明,本发明的电池的盐析和泄漏水平即使不低于含有添加汞的可商用电池的水平,至少也会和加汞电池的水平一样低。用三片分段压接模具密封在71℃下试验的电池。
与以相同的方式、但用常规的整体压接模具密封的电池相比,用分段压接模具密封的没有加入汞的电池在71℃下具有更好的盐析性能。结果示于表3中。
表3
在71℃下的时间 | AC675(PR44) | AC13(PR48) | AC312(PR41) | AC10(PR70) |
4星期 | -100% | -68% | -97% | -70% |
8星期 | -88% | -62% | -97% | -74% |
表3中的值表示,基于每种类型至少各50个电池的两种产品,采用优于常规实心压接模具的分段压接模具密封的无添加汞的电池在盐析方面改善的百分数(负数表示更少的盐析)。
同样对照在常规电池和采用本发明的电池之间的放电容量,如上所述,除了分段压接模具用于密封所有电池之外。对于各种电池类型,全都进行应用试验和额定值试验,如表4所示。在21℃下和50%的相对湿度下进行全部放电容量测试。
表4
电池类型 | 应用试验 | 额定值试验 |
AC675(PR44) | 1000欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V | 625欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V |
AC13(PR48) | 1000欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V | 1500欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V |
AC312(PR41) | 1000欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V | 1500欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V |
AC10(PR70) | 6000欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V | 3000欧姆,16小时/天,至0.9V |
在表5中总结出,和含有3%添加汞的常规电池相比,本发明的电池在放电容量方面的提高。
表5
试验 | 贮存时间/温度 | AC675(PR44) | AC13(P48) | AC312(PR41) | AC10(PR70) |
应用 | 新做的 | +2.3% | +2.4% | +5.4% | +6.7% |
额定值 | 新做的 | +2.3% | +3.2% | +6.0% | +5.5% |
额定值 | 在60℃、20天 | +5.8% | +4.6% | +10.7% | +8.8% |
额定值 | 在60℃、60天 | +7.6% | +7.3% | +14.5% | +17.7% |
由于电池容量受阳极中活性材料的量的限制,在根据本发明的电池中,当除去汞时,对于活性物质就有更多的空间,因此认为最初放电容量提高了大约3%。如表5所示,对于AC312和AC10电池类型来说,对于最初这些电池的放电容量大约是所期望容量的两倍。这是意料不到的结果。更令人难以置信的是容量的提高,如表5所示,在高温贮存后,所有电池类型的容量都得以提高。过去,汞用于提供更长的保存时间,结果,如表5所示,当汞除去后,得到了更长的保存时间,这是预料不到的。
和含有汞的类似电池相比,本发明的空气电池提供了对于商用可接受的泄漏速率,非常低的盐析,增加了放电容量。因此,本发明提供了一种因为无汞而有利于商用的产品,以及由于其低的泄漏倾向和低的盐析倾向而可以商业化的产品,同时此产品保持了非常好的使用寿命。
Claims (15)
1.一种钮扣电化学电池,包括:
阴极壳;
垫圈;
具有与垫圈接触的密封表面的阳极杯,在阳极杯的密封表面上不具有非原位沉积的、其氢过电位高于铜的氢过电位的金属;
正电极;
碱性电解液;以及
包括产生较少气泡的锌的阳极,其特征在于,在45wt%的KOH水溶液中,在71℃下,当试验进行了24小时的时候,每5克锌产生0.5cc或更少的气体,并且此电化学电池没有添加的汞,所述电解液还包含聚乙二醇化合物和氧化锌,所述阳极含有氢氧化铟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,正电极是包含二氧化锰的空气电极,电解液包含KOH。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,在45wt%的KOH水溶液中,在71℃下,当试验进行了24小时的时候,每5克锌产生0.15cc或更少的气体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,锌与铅合金化。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,铅是以相对于锌重量的百万分之400至550的量存在的。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,锌含有总量不超过重量的百万分之68的铬、铁、钼、砷、锑、钒、镉、铜、镍、锡、铝,其中锌还包含总量不超过重量的25ppm的铬、铁、钼、砷、锑、钒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,基于锌的重量,锌包含不超过3.5ppm的铁、8ppm的镉、8ppm的铜、5ppm的锡、3ppm的铬、6ppm的镍、0.25ppm的钼、0.1ppm的砷、0.25ppm的锑、2ppm的钒、3ppm的铝、0.06ppm的锗。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,基于锌的重量,聚乙二醇化合物在电池中以百万分之10至500的量存在。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,基于锌的重量,聚乙二醇化合物在电池中以百万分之30至100的量存在。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,阳极杯具有这样的内表面,在此内表面上不具有非原位沉积的金属,此金属是指其氢过电位比铜的氢过电位高的金属。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,阳极杯是直壁的。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,阳极杯具有含铜的内表面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池,其特征在于,在密封装置和阳极杯密封表面之间设置密封剂。
14.一种形成根据权利要求1所述的电化学电池的方法,此方法包括步骤:
a.清洗阳极杯;
b.在阳极杯和阴极壳中组合阳极、正电极和电解液,在阳极杯和阴极壳之间设置垫圈;
c.利用含有各段的模具使阴极壳向里变形以将该壳体通过垫圈密封到阳极杯上;其中模具各段协同设置以防止各段单独运动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,通过蒸汽脱脂的方式清洗阳极杯。
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- 2001-05-24 DE DE60136978T patent/DE60136978D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-24 AT AT01941617T patent/ATE306125T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-24 EP EP05107343A patent/EP1612879B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-24 JP JP2001587515A patent/JP2003534638A/ja active Pending
- 2001-05-24 EP EP01941617A patent/EP1287578B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-24 AU AU2001274955A patent/AU2001274955B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-05-24 DE DE60113836T patent/DE60113836T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-24 NZ NZ522564A patent/NZ522564A/en unknown
- 2001-05-24 AU AU7495501A patent/AU7495501A/xx active Pending
- 2001-05-24 WO PCT/US2001/016949 patent/WO2001091224A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-24 AT AT05107343T patent/ATE417378T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-10-16 ZA ZA200208342A patent/ZA200208342B/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-04-09 US US10/409,955 patent/US20030215707A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-19 HK HK03108430A patent/HK1056259A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-06-28 HK HK06107330.8A patent/HK1087247A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1087247A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 |
DE60136978D1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
DE60113836D1 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
CN1430800A (zh) | 2003-07-16 |
ATE417378T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
HK1056259A1 (en) | 2004-02-06 |
AU2001274955A2 (en) | 2001-12-03 |
DE60113836T2 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
AU2001274955B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
EP1287578A1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
JP2003534638A (ja) | 2003-11-18 |
ATE306125T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
EP1612879B1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
US6602629B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
AU7495501A (en) | 2001-12-03 |
US20030215707A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
NZ522564A (en) | 2004-04-30 |
WO2001091224A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
EP1287578B1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
ZA200208342B (en) | 2003-05-15 |
EP1612879A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
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