CN1147805A - 基底的涂层 - Google Patents
基底的涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1147805A CN1147805A CN95192954A CN95192954A CN1147805A CN 1147805 A CN1147805 A CN 1147805A CN 95192954 A CN95192954 A CN 95192954A CN 95192954 A CN95192954 A CN 95192954A CN 1147805 A CN1147805 A CN 1147805A
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Images
Classifications
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
- C03C17/04—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass by fritting glass powder
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3642—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing a metal layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
- C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
- C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
- C03C3/0745—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc containing more than 50% lead oxide, by weight
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4803—Insulating or insulated parts, e.g. mountings, containers, diamond heatsinks
- H01L21/481—Insulating layers on insulating parts, with or without metallisation
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Abstract
用一种中间膜将涂层涂覆在基底上。典型的涂层是导体或半导体,典型的基底是玻璃。在一种方式下,涂层是涂覆在一层或多层的平展柔软膜上,膜然后放在基底上,这个复合体先被置于中性环境中加热,将不需要的膜挥发掉,再连续置于氧化和还原环境中以加强涂层和基底之间的粘合。在另一种方式下,不必除去的膜和基底表面的结合在物理和化学上都是相容的,经过化学和热处理,和基底粘接起来。
Description
本发明是关于将一个或多个涂层和基底有效粘合的方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及将导体或半导体的涂层涂覆于非导体基底,如典型的曲面或复杂形状的玻璃上的方法,虽然本发明并不局限于此特殊应用。
发明背景
在大多数已知的工业方法中,如商业镜子的生产中,金属或导体膜被涂覆于玻璃或其它非导体基底上,膜的粘合性质(尽管是一优点)并不十分重要。随后的金属或有机涂层可防止导致膜粘合损失的的膜损害。
在其他的涂层方法中,如印刷电路板的生产中所应用的方法,金属涂层被沉积于塑料、陶瓷或其它非导体基底上,以此种方式制备的物体被用作涂层的机械固定(anchorage)。表面制备需用蚀刻、喷沙处理等。气体和化学还原试剂的使用也有助于金属在上述基底上的沉积。
真空气体蒸发和溅射是其他已知的在基底上产生涂层的方法。在这些方法中,基底和涂层之间的界面通常是明显的,许多情况下产生较差的粘合。这些方法也生产厚度有限的涂层。
在其他已知的方法中,如那些用于生产电子工业之半导体元件的方法中,导体和/或半导体膜迁移至一被选基底表面内的方法已成功完成。经表面迁移方法产生的膜通常表现出较好的粘合强度,然而,当这些膜的随后作用不必依赖它们表面粘合的机械强度时,这通常也就谈不上是优点了。
当必须提高膜的厚度或调整表面迁移膜时,这些膜的主要缺点便出现了。增加膜厚度通常用许多标准技术之一来完成,包含真空沉积、无电镀、离子交换和电镀。目前用于增加膜厚度的技术和方法不但昂贵、不方便,而且规模也受到限制。
进一步说,众所周知,当迁移方法产生一个表面涂层,这个涂层会表现出和使用物质本身性质不同的物理和化学性质。因而,由表面迁移方法产生的导体或半导体涂层所表现出的性质很可能使随后增加厚度变得很困难或不可能。
一些已知的方法要求使用中间涂层,如产生有效的基底—导体膜粘合强度的粘合。这些复合涂层有许多缺点,包括温度和溶剂敏感性。另外,中间涂层的使用会影响已涂覆基底的以后使用。
当在非导体基底上生产导体或半导体涂层的精密勾划图案(delineatedpattern)时,另外的问题出现了。模版印刷、光刻掩模、保护层(resists)、后蚀刻等是目前用于在非导体基底上生产导体或半导体涂层之精密勾划图案的装置和方法。为了建立涂层图案,在所进行的强热和其它物理、化学处理期间,模版印刷及类似装置难以保养。
最后,将涂层涂覆于基底上的已知方法通常设计用于平展基底,而不十分适用于弯曲基底表面。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种将涂层涂覆于非导体基底上的改进方法,它至少克服或改进了以前涂覆方法上述的一些缺点。
本发明的优选目的是提供一种涂层技术,通过它,导体或半导体涂层图案的精密勾划可被精确制造,而且,在热处理或其它物理、化学处理期间精密图案可保持。
本发明进一步优选的目的是提供一种在非导体基底上制备精密勾划的导体或半导体多层涂层的有效方法。
发明概述
在宽的形式下,本发明提供了一个在非导体基底上涂层的方法,此方法包含以下步骤:
将涂层沉积在膜上,
把膜放在基底上,
在受控条件下处理基底、膜和涂层的复合体,以除去膜并使涂层能够和基底粘合。
典型的涂层是一薄的导体或半导体层。
在本发明的优选情况下,膜包含在加热时挥发而基本上不留任何残余物的物质。将已涂覆的膜放在基底上后,基底在80-3,800℃的范围内进行热处理,典型的是在600-1200℃间进行。以上热处理优选在受控条件下,准确地交替在中性、氧化和还原环境中进行。热处理可在直接或间接方式下进行。
当进行该热处理时,膜挥发而不留下任何残余物。更进一步,在控制的气体环境中进行选择的热处理,得到烧结和熔融效果,因此,涂层物质迁移到基底中。(如果是多个涂层,涂层中其他层的均相熔融也可得到)。
膜物质合适的是化学物质,如单硬酯酸二甘醇酯或聚乙烯醇。膜物质可包含和淀粉相连的纤维素交联基料。
膜可以通过用上述化学物质和或材料在表面上涂覆至合适的表层(不超过150微米)来制备。化学物质一被固定于干燥柔软膜的条件下,就被从表面除去。这个表层最好用防粘涂层如硅氧烷或TEFLONTM(PTFE)进行预处理,以利于膜的除去。
典型膜的规格是约300mm×480mm。然而,用连续涂层方法,面积大到6m×50m的也可生产。
进一步的实施方案中,膜包含在挥发时基本上不留下任何残余物的基底接触物质,而且,该物质被一柔软的含可熔融物的溶胶凝胶制备物涂覆。
在本发明的另一种情况下,膜包含一完全或部分可溶于溶剂溶液的物质。此复合体置于溶剂中以使膜溶解,使涂层和基底粘合。
在本发明的又一种情况,膜包含基底接触物质,此物质和基底物质在化学、物理上相容,而且随后经热和/或化学处理,与基底形成粘合。
上述基底接触物质之一是复合硅胶。
其他的对于膜合适的物质包括由硅酸盐和硼酸盐掺合聚乙烯醇粘合剂的悬浮液中制备的柔软的凝胶。类似的水溶或油基多聚物可作为粘合剂或凝胶基料。在一些情况,涂层物质的已勾划层可以被“印”在金箔的初始“膜”上。
涂层可适当地包含以下物质,如金、铂、银、铑、铜和钯。涂层可作为金属层涂覆在膜上,或者,通过丝网印刷涂覆在膜上。在后一种方法中,金属或绝缘物以细粉末形式(不超过10微米)任意分散在粘合剂/墨介质液体中。对于上述金属粉末,合适的粘合剂/墨介质是在松油醇中的乙基纤维素。
在另一实施方案中,涂层可以是胶体溶液或墨水样悬浮液的形式,可被印在膜上并粘附在那。
这种涂层通常涂覆在于精密勾划图案中的膜上。在膜上涂层的位置和图案可由光刻法或其他已知的印刷方法来完成。
本发明的另一实施方案,通过真空蒸发或溅射技术将导体或半导体物质的多个层沉积在膜上。通过合适物质如光敏乳胶等的模版印刷,可得到涂层的精密勾划图案。
本发明的另一实施方案,涂层可作为薄层沉积在膜上,此膜已沉积在其他的一层或多层物质上。这些其他的物质可以具有导体、半导体、绝缘体和/或能产生定位氧化或还原的性质。
在选择的涂层之间可制成导体和/或半导体的相互联通。此种相互联通提供了可实现至一层和/或多层涂层的电子联通的手段。
涂层也可包含一融合物质,以有助于涂层和基底和/或在基底上的其他导体/半导体或绝缘体层的结合或熔融。一种合适的融合物质是掺合玻璃粉和/或金属氧化物的硼砂组合物。
在本发明的一个特殊应用中,涂层可包含光和/或电-色相(electro-chromatic)化合物。当被置于玻璃基底上,光或电-色相涂层能被用来改变涂层玻璃的光学性质,从不透明到透明,或深浅不同的的颜色。
典型的基底是玻璃。玻璃基底上已涂覆膜的指标能通过常规手段,如真空、平台(table)和/或轧辊、分拣(pick)和放置(place)来完成。
玻璃基底可以是平展或弯曲的。对于圆柱形或其它弯曲基底,真空或静电轧辊分拣和转移机制对于精密指标被认为是最有效的。
其他基底物质包括硼硅酸玻璃、熔凝石英、玻璃陶瓷和耐火陶瓷。无机物质,如铝硅酸盐和已知的掺杂半导体物质也可被用作基底。
为了本发明被完全了解并投入应用,因而下面将参考附图对实施例进行描述。
附图说明
图1.在实施例中加热室的示意性正视图;
图2.多层涂层的示意性截面正视图;
图3.多层涂层的示意性透视图;和
图4.另一多层涂层的示意性截面正视图。
优选实施方案的详细说明
实施例1
按精密勾划的图案将导体金属层涂覆在热挥发膜上。这个膜是单硬酯酸二甘醇酯、聚乙烯醇、与淀粉相连的纤维素交联基料,或其他合适物质的薄层。
导体涂层包含悬浮于粘合剂/墨介质中的细金属粉末,如铜颗粒,该涂层是按丝网法涂覆在膜上的。可将一个或多个涂层薄层涂覆在膜上。导体层的图案能被选来提供特殊的电子元件,或产生一个在最终产品所需要的电磁场。
涂过的膜被置于基底上,如玻璃圆柱体上。
玻璃圆柱体然后被放在高温真空室1中,如图1所示。室1的内容物是由外部加热元件2来加热的。室1同时设有进气口3、排气/抽真空口4和离子化气体口5。玻璃圆柱体(未显示)被放在基底样品容器6上并被置于室1中。该室然后被可密封的凸缘零件7密封,它包括一个可旋转的真空密封零件8。观察窗9安在室1上面。
加热室1由不锈钢套和零件以及高温陶瓷/耐火衬里建造。尽管该室之一般的加热可由加热元件2来完成,但精密的定点加热可由经在加热室和衬里上的合适定位的观察口的聚焦激光来完成。高频感应加热可作为进一步和/或可选择的热源。
另一优选加热方式是通道式高伏等离子火焰。
在室1中于控制条件下使用的气体包括氮气、氢气、乙炔、丙烷、氧气、氟或这些气体制备的混合物。其他可选择的气体也可用来在特殊基底上产生表面蚀刻和增敏作用。
玻璃圆柱体放进室1,并密封该室后,该室内温度以每分钟5℃速率升温,从室温到120℃,以除去湿气。在除去湿气期间,以每分100ml的典型流速将干燥氮气流经加热室,将湿气吹出。
接着在低压(25mb)干燥氮气环境中,于每分钟10℃的速率将温度升至620℃,以挥发掉膜。(膜从在挥发时基本上不留残余物的物质中选择)。
此后,温度维持在620℃大约15分钟(尽管这个时间决定于使用的物质和基底迁移的深度。)上述加热是在氧化环境中进行,该环境是将干燥空气或氧气混合物(例如80%氧气20%氮气,或80%氧气20%氟)以每分钟100ml的典型速率通过加热室来达到的。
在氧化步骤后,温度从620℃升至1200℃并且维持“金属热处理时间”(soak time)约15分钟(尽管这个时间可改变,决定于使用的物质、基底和内层迁移的深度)。在高温过程期间,会出现基底涂层的烧结。该烧结步骤发生在还原环境下,该环境典型的是通过将氢气以每分钟100ml的速率流过加热室来完成的。
基底然后冷却到约580℃,在这个温度保持约20分钟(尽管时间可根据特殊的基底物质而改变)。接着在4小时的时间内将温度逐渐降到20℃。冷却过程是在中性环境中,典型的是在每分钟100ml流速的干燥氮气环境中进行的。
在最终产品中,导体金属层和玻璃基底的牢固粘合形成了。
实施例2
利用实施例1中描述的方法的改变,将几种导体层涂覆在基底上。如图2所示,导体层B被置于合适的膜A上。导体层B被融合剂C涂层,C再被导体层D涂层。交替的导体物质,如半导体层E,被置于导体层D上。最后,绝缘体F被置于交替的导体物质E上。经多涂层的膜A然后被置于合适的基底G上,再经如实施例1所述的热循环进行热处理。
根据特殊应用,每层厚度可在0.25微米到超过1,000微米之间改变。
如图2所示的多层的交替排列中,
A是组成膜的融合物质层,
B是导体物质层,
C是半导体物质层,
D是电—色相物质层,
E是导体物质层,
F是半导体层,和
G是玻璃基底。
导体层的物质可适当地包含以氯化物形式存在的金属。
在控制的条件下,从氧化到中性,再到还原,如此进行热处理,经在不同层之间的烧结,在多涂层基底上产生牢固的层间粘合。
在依次的实施方案中,如图3所示,
A是合适的膜物质,
B是基底,
C是半导体物质层,
D是导体物质层,
E是绝缘物质层,
F是电—色相物质层,和
G是导体物质层。
经对每层的合适设计,在最终发明物中可形成导体或半导体的不连续带,其不同层互相交联和渗透。
利用层制备技术,如光刻法等,实际上任何图案或设计都可作为涂覆在基膜上的薄层而形成。复杂集成化和/或杂化电路因而可以形成。
实施例3
膜被置于玻璃基底上。膜是一制备复合物,该物质在化学和物理上和基底物相容。经后面的热和/或化学处理,和基底形成粘合。
“制备复合物”是常规制备的、研成玻璃料并且粘在有机粘合剂中的铅/硼硅酸盐玻璃基料。此复合物也可通过硅胶凝胶法制成高纯物。
另一“制备复合物”物是常规制备的、研成玻璃料并且粘在有机粘合剂中的钡/硼硅酸盐玻璃基料。。同样,此复合物也可通过硅胶凝胶法制成高纯物。
实施例4
几个涂层薄层沉积于膜上,膜然后涂覆在基底上。
有利的是,和基底相接触之膜物质的热膨胀系数在基底物的5.0×10-6cm/℃之内。膜含有玻璃和/或玻璃/陶瓷物质,其热膨胀特性在基底物的0.4×10-6cm/℃之内。合适的玻璃/陶瓷基底接触膜含下列成分(按重量计):
二氧化硅 5%
氧化硼 24%
一氧化铅 60%
氧化锌 11%
另一合适的半导体基底接触玻璃状膜含下列成分(按重量计):
五氧化二钒 83%
五氧化二磷 10%
氧化钡 7%
膜可掺入半导体和/或电—色相物质。
实施例5
经涂覆的膜被涂覆在苏打/石灰玻璃基底上,如通常用于建筑用途且一般用“浮法玻璃”法生产的玻璃板。平板玻璃厚度主要在2mm和30mm之间,更好的是,其膨胀系数在7.5×10-6cm/℃和8.5×10-6cm/℃之间。
涂层包含电—色相半导体层化合物,如在凝胶或方便制备的玻璃/陶瓷基料中的二氧化钛和/或三氧化钨。
实施例6
大的太阳能电池,尽管是低到中等的效率,可被覆于高层建筑上,以产生能量以补偿局部能量消耗。标准生产能力可使涂层涂覆在定制坚硬薄片上。
大面积光电池有p和n,pn结半导体玻璃/陶瓷接触轮廓线(delineation),其使用硅和/或n型半导体,如In2O3,Cd2SnO4,它们在热处理期间在玻璃状介质中搀杂或结晶。
实施例7
另一个适合大面积基底的光电池层结构含以下物质:[a]基底物—建筑用平板玻璃,按重量计具热膨胀系数7.9-8.0×10-6/cm℃。[b]基底接触膜含二氧化硅5%,三氧化硼15%,一氧化铅64%,氧化锌16%。[c]金属接触层包含在挥发性胶体悬浮液中和/或经溅射/CVD方法沉积的金属氯
化物。合适的金属包括铝、银、铜、铂、金。[d]p& n,pn结半导体玻璃/陶瓷接触轮廓线。[e]中间层物质包含凝胶—溶胶和/或常规制备的玻璃,此玻璃含加有Al2O3、La2O3
Ta2O5、CeO2、TiO2和WO3的Li2O-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2。[f]另一中间层物质可包含晶形Si、Ge、CaAs、CdSe、InP,它们是在常规制备的
Li2OZnO B2O3 SiO2玻璃和/或溶胶—凝胶成核的。[g] 金属接触薄层包含挥发性胶体悬浮液和/或经溅射/CVD方法沉积的金属
氯化物。合适的金属包括铝、银、铜、铂、金。[h] 优选的基底和膜相连,膜包含SiO2 5%,B2O3 15%,PbO 64%,ZnO 16%。
层[c]、[d]、[e]、[f]和[g]在其相对位置上可互换。
实施例8
一被涂层的基底,在处理前含下列层
[a]基底
[b]挥发性的基底接触物质
[c]玻璃粉[和合适的玻璃基底相容并且粒度大小约50mm]。
[d]导体物质[如铜、银、铂、金、钨、钛等]
[e]玻璃粉[和合适的玻璃基底相容并且粒度大小约50mm]。
[f]半导体物质[如TiO2、WO2、Se等]
[g]玻璃粉[和合适的玻璃基底相容并且粒度大小约50mm]。
基底接触物质可是金箔。
实施例9
在热处理前,基底接触膜包含有玻璃粉(如粉碎的玻璃料)的金箔。玻璃粉和玻璃基底相容且粒度大小约50mm。
上述涂层和/或电路可在弯曲表面或复杂形状表面的基底上形成。与现有技术不同,在本发明中导体/半导体层先作用于膜上而不是直接作用于基底上。这样可使复杂的、内部互相联通的多层膜设计方便地、精确地在平展膜上形成。经暂时的膜介质,多层设计被完全置于基底上。
根据本发明生产的涂层产品,在大多数情况下,可经受较高操作温度且具较好的物理\化学耐受性。
本发明的方法被在广泛的工业和科技领域应用。不限制本发明的范围,一些特殊应用如下所述。
1 此方法可应用在形成复杂电极上,其可在NMR应用上产生所需形状和强度的电磁场。
2 此方法也可用于生产高收集器—导体功效的太阳能电池。此方法还可用于制造程控电泳电池、遥敏/控装置和微型激光装置。
3 电-色相闸装置用本发明方法可制造出。上述装置可用在纤维光学信号和控制、不同的窗口和分配着色。例如,电-色相层被置于玻璃基底上,所得结构的透明度可通过向电-色相层施加合适电压来改变。
别的应用包含光—色相涂层。可逆阳光活化涂层可用在建筑规格玻璃板上。如此大规模的外部应用包含阳光活化光学变暗/辐射控制抛光和加金属层。
4 此方法也适用于后沉积和浸渗技术、激光沉积/蚀刻和布图,例如生产高级导体膜研究的装置。
5 此方法也可用于管状玻璃容器的涂层以提供微机控制的加热和/催化装置,例如微小分馏和蒸馏。
6 此方法适于建造大规模多层集成电路,如,为建造大块的平板玻璃屏(典型的是2m×3m),引入的电致色变物质的象素规格点以如此方式连接以至于它们能够单个或多数被活化。
电—色相、计算机控制、单或多层涂层可应用在显示屏上,如平面电视和音像设备。最大抛光片产品被涂层,并且以标准形式连接,生产出超过10m×10m的屏幕。
7 厚的涂层镜子应用在苛刻的外部环境。坚硬玻璃安全屏应用。
8 涂层方法可用在化学上坚硬的玻璃片上。涂层中可加入化合物,当进行高温时,该化合物对表面进行调理,给出和现有的浸泡离子交换方法相同的最终效果。将化学上坚硬的大玻璃板和电—色相和/或光电池性质结合起来与现有方法相比具有重大优点,更不用说规模上了。
上述只是本发明的部分实施方案,不脱离下述权利要求的发明范围,可以做对本领域技术人员很明显的改进。
例如,在本发明的进一步实施方案中,膜以和图4所示的相反形式使用。膜物质A是一种在单或多层涂层B,C,D,E,F上形成粘合“伞罩”的物质。
在此实施方案中,膜物质A和基底G化学上粘合,产生牢固粘附。层物质不熔融或彼此之间或和基底化学上不粘合,这正是所需的。膜物质A的作用象“皮肤”连续的光滑层,其将涂层B,C,D,E,F紧密结合在一起并置于基底表面G上。此实施方案十分有用,高熔点金属粉末(如钨)和矿物质被用来在基底上精确描绘和永久保存。
Claims (25)
1、将涂层涂覆在非导体基底上的方法,包含下列步骤
将涂层涂覆在膜表面上,
将膜置于基底上,
在控制条件下处理基底、膜和涂层的复合体,以除去膜并使涂层和基底粘合。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,涂层是导体或半导体物质。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,处理步骤包含加热膜使其挥发而在基底上基本上不留下任何残余物。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其中,膜在连续的中性、氧化和还原环境中被加热。
5、根据权利要求4的方法,其中,处理步骤包含逐渐升高中性环境的温度到约620℃以使膜挥发,改变条件为氧化条件,在预定时间内保持温度约620℃,还原环境中升高温度至约1200℃,在预定时间内保持,然后在中性环境中冷却。
6、根据权利要求4的方法,其中,处理步骤在真空室中进行。
7、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,膜包含单硬酯酸二甘醇酯或聚乙烯醇。
8、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,膜包含和淀粉相连的纤维素交联基料。
9、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,处理步骤包含将基底溶解在溶剂溶液中。
10、据权利要求1的方法,其中,涂层以细金属粉末在液体或凝胶中的形式涂覆在基底上。
11、根据权利要求10的方法,其中,涂层以丝网或模版印刷的形式沉积在膜上。
12、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,涂层以胶体形式涂覆在基底上。
13、据权利要求1的方法,其中,涂层以照光刻法涂覆在膜上。
14、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,涂层是多层涂层。
15、根据权利要求14的方法,其中,按预定图案,以真空蒸发和/或溅射技术,将涂层依次涂覆在多个导体、半导体和/或绝缘体层的膜上。
16、根据权利要求14的方法,其中,涂层以多层涂层涂覆在膜上。
17、根据权利要求14的方法,其中,涂层包含融合物质,而且处理步骤包含加热此复合体,使融合物质和涂层的层,和/或基底的涂层相互粘合。
18、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,涂层包含光敏和/或电—色相化合物,基底是一玻璃片。
19、根据权利要求1的方法,其中,基底是具弯曲表面的玻璃,膜涂覆在弯曲表面上。
20、将涂层涂覆在非导体基底上的方法,包含下列步骤:
将涂层沉积在膜上,
将膜置于基底上,膜有一基底接触物质,此物质在化学和/或物理上和基底物质相容,
在化学上和热上处理膜使其和基底形成粘合。
21、根据权利要求20的方法,膜是硅胶凝胶。
22、根据权利要求20的方法,其中,涂层界于膜和基底之间。
23、据权利要求20的方法,其中,基底是玻璃。
24、根据权利要求1的方法形成的被涂层基底。
25、根据权利要求20的方法形成的被涂层基底。
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US5480503A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1996-01-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for producing circuitized layers and multilayer ceramic sub-laminates and composites thereof |
-
1995
- 1995-04-05 EP EP95914242A patent/EP0759893A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-04-05 CN CN95192954A patent/CN1147805A/zh active Pending
- 1995-04-05 RU RU96121796/03A patent/RU2152911C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-05 WO PCT/AU1995/000194 patent/WO1995026935A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-04-05 JP JP7525307A patent/JPH09510949A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-04-05 NZ NZ283305A patent/NZ283305A/en unknown
- 1995-04-05 CA CA002187231A patent/CA2187231A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-05 KR KR1019960705551A patent/KR100363546B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-05 US US08/718,509 patent/US5916401A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110177691A (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-08-27 | 乔治·马可 | 用于产生表面结构的方法和设备 |
CN110177691B (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2022-03-04 | 乔治·马可 | 用于产生表面结构的方法和设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR970702222A (ko) | 1997-05-13 |
EP0759893A1 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
RU2152911C2 (ru) | 2000-07-20 |
EP0759893A4 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
WO1995026935A1 (en) | 1995-10-12 |
CA2187231A1 (en) | 1995-10-12 |
JPH09510949A (ja) | 1997-11-04 |
US5916401A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
KR100363546B1 (ko) | 2003-01-24 |
NZ283305A (en) | 1998-03-25 |
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