CN114574311A - 一种浓缩苹果清汁调制酒的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种浓缩苹果清汁调制酒的制备方法,涉及食品加工技术领域。制备步骤为:浓缩苹果清汁的制备、基酒的准备、成品酒的调制。本发明通过将浓缩苹果清汁与干白葡萄酒基酒的调配,制得的苹果清汁配制酒适合大众消费口味,能很好的保持苹果原有的独特风味,同时还有配制基酒的淡淡醇香,苹果清汁不仅可以改善基酒的色泽还可提高基酒原有的营养价值和保健功能,提高苹果汁和葡萄酒的附加值,开拓了苹果应用领域,该方法有效解决了苹果消费的季节性和贮藏问题,具有较好的社会和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,特别是一种浓缩苹果清汁调制酒的制备方法。
背景技术
苹果古称“柰”或“频婆”,苹果不仅外观可爱,风味美好,其营养价值,也足为人称道。主要成分有糖,苹果酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸等有机酸,芳香醇类,果胶物质,维生素B、C以及矿物质钾,磷,铁等,维生素A、C、E及钾和抗氧化剂等含量也很丰富;1个苹果(154g)膳食纤维5g,钾170mg,钙10mg,碳水化合物22g,磷10mg,VC7.8g,VB7.8g;苹果中的含钙量比一般水果丰富多,有助于代谢掉体内多余盐分;苹果酸可代谢热量,预防肥胖。苹果中可溶性纤维果胶,能促进胃肠道中的铅、汞、锰的排放,调节机体血糖水平,预防血糖的骤升骤降;因苹果的一些元素能排除体内有害健康的铅、汞元素,欧洲科学家称苹果为防癌药;苹果汁中的抗氧化剂也有利于心脏的健康运转,也适合不同年龄、不同体格的人食用。为了满足生产需要一般将苹果汁制成浓缩汁,浓缩苹果汁体积小,可溶性固形物含量达65%~68%,可节约包装及运输费用,能使产品较长期保藏。
发明内容
本发明提供一种浓缩苹果汁调制酒的制备方法,制得的调制酒含有人体必需的各种营养物质,宜于人体高效吸收,其味清香醇和,酸甜适度,是老少皆宜的一款饮品。
为达到上述目的,本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的:
一种浓缩苹果清汁调制酒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1. 制备浓缩苹果清汁:
原料的清洗与拣选、原料破碎、压榨取汁、酶处理、澄清、过滤、吸附浓缩、杀菌、灌装;
S101原料果清洗和拣选
制汁用的苹果外观完好、成熟干净的果实,通过三级清洗,清洗过程中去除树叶杂草异物及烂果;
S102破碎压榨取汁
榨汁前先行破碎,破碎后的粒度在3~ 9mm,破碎后果肉加纯水,破碎后整体果肉果汁与纯水的比例1: 2~ 2.5,搅拌后的料温在42~ 48℃之间;
S103酶处理工艺
粉碎后加入果胶酶,用量为果水总重量的0.02%;
S104澄清、过滤工艺
澄清果汁采用超滤膜过滤,超滤膜的孔径极小,在0.001~0.2μm之间;
S105吸附与离子交换工艺
果汁加工用活性炭过滤,过滤材料为食品级活性炭,活性炭的添加量为500~800mg/L;树脂吸附色度、农残和霉菌,树脂采用吸附及再吸附工序;树脂使用前先用蒸馏水冲洗,再用树脂3倍体积的质量浓度4% NaOH溶液浸泡2h,使用蒸馏水冲洗至中性,然后用树脂3倍体积的质量浓度4%HCl溶液浸泡2h,用纯水冲洗至中性待用;
S106浓缩工艺
原果汁的可溶性固形物含量在5%~15%之间,苹果汁蒸发浓缩时间为2分钟,蒸发温度通常为55~60℃,澄清果汁经真空浓缩设备浓缩到原体积1/5~1/7,可溶性固形物含量提高到70%~72%,糖度65%~ 68%;
S107杀菌工艺和CIP清洗
浓缩果汁进行巴氏灭菌,温度75~85℃、杀菌时间0.5~25min进行杀菌,生产线定期进行CIP清洗;
S108冷却与灌装
浓缩后用片式热交换器进行冷却,冷却后的果汁装入预先消毒处理的容器中,密封保存;
S2、制备浓缩苹果清汁调配酒
S201浓缩苹果清汁与基酒混合
按体积比基酒:水:浓缩苹果汁以18:38:3的比例混合均匀得到混合酒液;
S202在混合酒液中加入蔗糖和柠檬酸并混合均匀;其中蔗糖用量为混合酒液总质量的5%,柠檬酸用量为混合酒液总质量的0.03%;
S203过滤
用膜过滤机将混合酒样进行过滤,膜的孔径在0.001~0.2μm;
S204杀菌
采用巴氏杀菌方式,使混合酒液中心温度在80℃下维持20min;
S205冷却
15~30min快速冷却至室温;
S206灌装
在无菌的条件下等压灌装制得成品浓缩苹果汁调制酒。
所述步骤S201中的基酒是霞多丽干白葡萄酒基酒,霞多丽干白色泽呈金黄色,富有浓郁而多层次的水果香气,水果香气主要为西柚、菠萝、苹果混合香型,主理化指标为:酒精度11.5~13%、总糖3~4 g/L、总酸 5~6.2g/L、干浸出物19.5~20.8g/L。
所述步骤S202中加入蔗糖和柠檬酸后的混合酒液的酒度为3.8%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:由于本发明不添加任何人工色素和防腐剂以及高浓度的蒸馏酒精,只是用浓缩苹果清汁和干白葡萄酒基酒调制而成,采用巴氏灭菌技术,而且由于风味美好,其营养价值高,主要成分有糖,苹果酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸等有机酸,芳香醇类,果胶物质,维生素B、C以及矿物质钾,磷,铁等营养物质。制得调配酒其特点如下:酒精度低、风味独特、颜色呈棕黄色,味清香醇和,酸甜适度,是一款老少皆宜的低醇的风味饮品。
本发明通过将浓缩苹果清汁与干白葡萄酒基酒的调配,制得的苹果清汁配制酒适合大众消费口味,能很好的保持苹果原有的独特风味,同时还有配制基酒的淡淡醇香,苹果清汁不仅可以改善基酒的色泽还可提高基酒原有的营养价值和保健功能,提高苹果汁和葡萄酒的附加值,开拓了苹果应用领域,该方法有效解决了苹果消费的季节性和贮藏问题,具有较好的社会和经济效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明调制制备工艺图。
具体实施方式
一种浓缩苹果汁调制酒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1. 制备浓缩苹果清汁工艺流程:
原料的清洗与拣选→原料破碎→压榨取汁→酶处理→澄清→过滤→吸附浓缩→杀菌→灌装。
S101原料果清洗和拣选
制汁用的苹果外观完好、成熟干净的果实,通过三级清洗,清洗过程中在分拣台去除树叶杂草异物及烂果等。
S102破碎
榨汁前先行破碎用于提高出汁率。压榨是通过挤压力将液相从液固两相混合物中分离出来的一种单元操作。一般要求破碎后的粒度在3~ 9mm之间,大小均匀。果水比例严格控制在1:2~ 2.5 之间,要求用纯水,主要作用是维持和增进苹果的风味,改善苹果浆的酸甜度和粘稠度,还可减轻果浆褐变以及增强混浊稳定性,搅拌后的料温在42~ 48℃之间。
S103酶处理工艺
在果汁加工技术中,应用最多的是果胶酶,用量为果水总重量的0.02%,其作用是增加出汁率同时也利于果汁澄清,以便果汁中悬浮的粒子能用沉降、过滤或离心的方法分离。
果胶酶的用量对澄清效果有很大影响,果胶酶用量低时,果胶分解不完全,澄清效果差;用量过高,酶蛋白又会使果汁产生浑浊。当果胶酶用量小于0.015%时,透光率随浓度的增加迅速增大;果胶酶用量大于0.021%时透光率反而下降。果胶酶用量为0.015%-0.021%时,澄清效果最好。在实际应用时,果胶酶用量为0.02%为最佳,其作用是增加出汁率同时也利于果汁澄清,以便果汁中悬浮的粒子能用沉降、过滤或离心的方法分离。
S104澄清、过滤工艺
澄清果汁的获得采用超滤技术。超滤膜可以截留压榨的果汁中多数大分子物质,使糖类、有机酸和水等小分子成分透过膜而得到水果清汁。
澄清果汁的获得采用超滤技术,超滤技术是一种超滤膜为过滤介质、以压力差为动力的膜分离过程。在压力作用下,溶液接触或流经超滤膜表面时,溶液中的分子量小于膜截留分子量的溶质和水可透过膜成为透过液,分离量大于膜截留分子量的溶质被截留在原液内。超滤膜的有效截流层厚度较小,位于膜表面,微孔孔径又很小,微粒、细菌及胶体等被截留于膜微孔表面,并不堵塞微孔内部,同时由于超滤过程为动态分离过程,减轻了膜微孔的堵塞,使得这种堵塞现象通过等压冲洗或反冲洗,即可恢复超滤装置原来的性能。超滤膜可以截留压榨的果汁中多数大分子物质,使糖类、有机酸和水等小分子成分透过膜而得到水果清汁。
S105吸附与离子交换工艺
果汁加工用活性炭过滤或树脂吸附色度、农残和霉菌等,也可采用树脂吸附和再吸附工序。苹果汁通过树脂时其中的蛋白质、多酚类物质被有效吸附出去,从而使色值、透光率等理化指标得到有效提升,果汁褐变程度减轻。
S106浓缩工艺
原果汁的含水量通常在80%~85%以上,需要经过浓缩,使水分从水果原汁中分离出来提高果汁的化学稳定性,便于储藏和运输。蒸发浓缩是主要的水果原汁浓缩工艺。苹果汁浓缩设备的蒸发时间通常为几秒钟或几分钟,蒸发温度通常为55~60℃,澄清果汁经真空浓缩设备浓缩到1/5~1/7,糖度65%~ 68%。因为果胶、糖和酸共存会形成一部分凝胶,所以混浊果汁浓缩限度为1/4。
原果汁的含水量通常在80%~85%以上,需要经过浓缩,使水分从水果原汁中分离出来提高果汁的化学稳定性,便于储藏和运输。蒸发浓缩是主要的水果原汁浓缩工艺。苹果汁浓缩设备的蒸发时间通常为几秒钟或几分钟,蒸发温度通常为55~60℃,澄清果汁经真空浓缩设备浓缩到1/5~1/7,糖度65%~ 68%。因为果胶、糖和酸共存会形成一部分凝胶,所以混浊果汁浓缩限度为1/4。实验验证,澄清果汁浓缩到1/5~1/7时,将浓缩的果汁回调加入蒸馏水,恢复至原汁的可溶性固形物浓度,浓缩还原汁与原澄清汁相比透光率、色值和部分质量指标没有显著的变化;而澄清果汁浓缩到1/4及以上时,将浓缩的果汁回调加入蒸馏水,恢复至原汁的可溶性固形物浓度,浓缩还原汁与原澄清汁相比各项指标均发生显著变化,尤其以透光率最为显著。
S107杀菌工艺和CIP清洗
在果汁加工过程中一般采用“巴氏杀菌”,杀死果汁中的致病菌、产毒菌、腐败菌,并破坏果汁中的酶使果汁在储藏期内不变质。生产线还要定期进行CIP清洗。
巴氏灭菌法一般是在热力学温度低于100℃的情况下,对产品进行热力杀灭微生物,以延长食品货架期。在果汁加工过程中一般采用“巴氏杀菌”,杀死果汁中导致果汁腐败的致病菌、产毒菌、腐败菌,并破坏果汁中的酶使果汁在储藏期内不变质。果汁杀菌后通过抑制酶活性使果汁颜色变亮,而高温短时杀菌能够更好保持果汁原有的色泽。
S108冷却与灌装:浓缩后用片式热交换器进行冷却。冷却后的果汁装入预先消毒处理的大罐(桶)中,密封保存。
S2、制备浓缩苹果清汁调配酒
S201与基酒混合:按体积比基酒:水:浓缩苹果汁以18:38:3的比例混合均匀得到混合液;根据实验验证,当调配酒中基酒:水:浓缩苹果汁比例为18:38:3时,酒体澄清透亮,悦目协调,有光泽,果香、酒香浓馥优雅,酒体丰满、有新鲜感,口感柔和、平衡,清新爽口,风格独特,品质稳定。
S202在混合酒液中加入蔗糖和柠檬酸并混合均匀;其中蔗糖用量为混合酒液总质量的5%,柠檬酸用量为混合酒液总质量的0.03%;
S203过滤:用膜过滤机将混合酒样进行过滤。
S204杀菌:采用巴氏杀菌方式,使混合酒液中心温度在80℃下维持20min;
S205冷却:快速冷却至室温;
S206灌装:在无菌的条件下等压灌装制得成品浓缩苹果汁调制酒。
所述步骤S201中的基酒是霞多丽干白葡萄酒基酒。霞多丽干白色泽呈金黄色,富有浓郁而多层次的水果香气,水果香气主要为西柚、菠萝、苹果混合香型,主理化指标为:酒精度11.5~13%、总糖3~4 g/L、总酸 5~6.2g/L、干浸出物19.5~20.8g/L。
所述步骤S202中加入蔗糖和柠檬酸后的混合酒液的酒度为3.8%。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。特别是基酒选择方式,可以根据用户需要进行微调,本案重点在于提供一种浓缩果汁调制酒的制备方法,特别适用于酒精度低、风味独特、颜色鲜亮,味清香醇和,酸甜适度,老少皆宜的低醇的风味饮品。易于拓宽酒类产品类型。
Claims (3)
1.一种浓缩苹果清汁调制酒的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
S1. 制备浓缩苹果清汁:
原料果清洗与拣选、原料破碎、压榨取汁、酶处理、澄清、过滤、吸附浓缩、杀菌、灌装;
S101原料果清洗和拣选
制汁用的苹果外观完好、成熟干净的果实,通过三级清洗,清洗过程中去除树叶杂草异物及烂果;
S102破碎压榨取汁
榨汁前先行破碎,破碎后的粒度在3~ 9mm,破碎后果肉加纯水,破碎后整体果肉果汁与纯水的比例1: 2~ 2.5,搅拌后的料温在42~ 48℃之间;
S103酶处理工艺
粉碎后加入果胶酶,用量为果水总重量的0.02%;
S104澄清、过滤工艺
澄清果汁采用超滤膜过滤,超滤膜的孔径极小,在0.001~0.2μm之间;
S105吸附与离子交换工艺
果汁加工用活性炭过滤,过滤材料为食品级活性炭,活性炭的添加量为500~800mg/L;树脂吸附色度、农残和霉菌,树脂采用吸附及再吸附工序;树脂使用前先用蒸馏水冲洗,再用树脂3倍体积的质量浓度4% NaOH溶液浸泡2h,使用蒸馏水冲洗至中性,然后用树脂3倍体积的质量浓度4%HCl溶液浸泡2h,用纯水冲洗至中性待用;
S106浓缩工艺
原果汁的可溶性固形物含量在5%~15%之间,苹果汁蒸发浓缩时间为2分钟,蒸发温度通常为55~60℃,澄清果汁经真空浓缩设备浓缩到原体积1/5~1/7,可溶性固形物含量提高到70%~72%,糖度65%~ 68%;
S107杀菌工艺和CIP清洗
浓缩果汁进行巴氏灭菌,温度75~85℃、杀菌时间0.5~25min进行杀菌,生产线定期进行CIP清洗;
S108冷却与灌装
浓缩后用片式热交换器进行冷却,冷却后的果汁装入预先消毒处理的容器中,密封保存;
S2、制备浓缩苹果清汁调配酒
S201浓缩苹果清汁与基酒混合
按体积比基酒:水:浓缩苹果汁以18:38:3的比例混合均匀得到混合酒液;
S202在混合酒液中加入蔗糖和柠檬酸并混合均匀;其中蔗糖用量为混合酒液总质量的5%,柠檬酸用量为混合酒液总质量的0.03%;
S203过滤
用膜过滤机将混合酒样进行过滤,膜的孔径在0.001~0.2μm;
S204杀菌
采用巴氏杀菌方式,使混合酒液中心温度在80℃下维持20min;
S205冷却
15~30min快速冷却至室温;
S206灌装
在无菌的条件下等压灌装制得成品浓缩苹果汁调制酒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的浓缩苹果汁调制酒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S201中的基酒是霞多丽干白葡萄酒基酒,霞多丽干白色泽呈金黄色,富有浓郁而多层次的水果香气,水果香气主要为西柚、菠萝、苹果混合香型,主理化指标为:酒精度11.5~13%、总糖3~4g/L、总酸 5~6.2g/L、干浸出物19.5~20.8g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的浓缩苹果汁调制酒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S202中加入蔗糖和柠檬酸后的混合酒液的酒度为3.8%。
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