CN1135910C - 触发点燃cvd-等离子体的方法及装置 - Google Patents

触发点燃cvd-等离子体的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1135910C
CN1135910C CNB961120525A CN96112052A CN1135910C CN 1135910 C CN1135910 C CN 1135910C CN B961120525 A CNB961120525 A CN B961120525A CN 96112052 A CN96112052 A CN 96112052A CN 1135910 C CN1135910 C CN 1135910C
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H·克吕梅尔
E·默森
V·帕凯
H·福格特
G·魏德曼
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Schott AG
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Abstract

本发明描述触发点燃微波等离子体的方法及装置,其经济并在反应室中不会产生损害涂层质量的反应产物。等离子体是在反应室排气侧利用至少短时接通的高压触发点燃的。使用了高压脉冲或低频高压。该高压与微波脉冲同步。根据另一方法,微波脉冲至少在起始时短时地增幅,也可周期性增幅。可控高压电源与脉冲发生器的输出端相连接,延时机构及电源单元与微波装置相连接。可控高压电源的输出端与反应室的排气管相连接。

Description

触发点燃CVD--等离子体的方法及装置
本专利申请是92年7月6日提交的,名为“触发点燃CVD--等离子体的方法及装置”的92105462.9专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及在用于对底基进行涂层的反应室中触发点燃CVD-等离子体的一种方法,其中反应气体被通到反应室中,在该室中等离子体在触发点火后用微波脉冲激励并维持一给定的时间间隔。本发明还涉及用于实施该方法的一种装置。
为了对底基涂层,尤其是使玻璃底基涂层,需将这些底基在一涂层室中相对等离子体放置。视所期望的涂层而采用相应的反应气体,它们在其易燃性方面的确是不同的。易燃性被理解为气体的低的触发点火电压和/或低的熄灭电压。特别是微波等离子体具有这种特性:当等离子体中包含有起电子捕捉作用的气体时,就很不易点燃。在用于脉冲形式的等离子体的气体情况下点火会更困难,因为在每个等离子脉冲过后必须重新点燃等离子体。这类等离子体例如刊登在光学通信杂志(J.OPT.COMM.)1987年第8期第122页上,称为PICVD-等离子体。
美国专利US-PS 4888088公开了一种微波顺流等离子体的触发点火方法,其中反应气体在反应室前方的一个室中被激励。该等离子体是在反应室的进气侧端部利用耦合1MHz高压实现触发点火的。
引入高频技术是一种成本高的解决方案,因为所用的高频元件的购置价格是随着频率上升而提高的。
根据US-PS 4888088,在进气侧设置触发电极是对其中所述的应用情况无害的,但是对于其它的微波涂层方法例如PICVD-方法是有缺点的,由于反应气体在底基前方就已聚集并被混合在一起了。在反应室前方的区域触发点燃反应气体导致了气体彼此间的一个反应,它又重新形成这样的后果,一部分反应气体在反应室前面已经分离出来。此外将形成不确定的反应产物,例如灰尘,它引起了在底基上获得的涂层的浑浊。在器皿壁上基于触发点火过程的反应气体部分分解所构成的涂层一般粘结差而且很易剥落,这样微粒剥落将会使在底基上形成的涂层的质量更加变差。
另一个缺点在于:尽管规定了反应气体的总流量,也不再可能精确地保持涂层厚度,因为在触发点火时在触发电极区域中消耗了不确定份额的反应气体。
由德国专利公开说明书DE-OS 3322341公开了一种利用辉光放电对工件外表面进行处理的方法及装量。一方面为了用对地放电使工件避免受损,另一方面为了不再出现触发点火的问题,电压脉冲总是在脉冲峰值的起始区间中触发辉光放电,紧接着过渡到适合维持辉光放电的幅值的区间。这种方法可以具有坚硬、灼热及类似的层,它与用微波等离子体工作的方法的区别在于:工件作为阴极而围绕工件的真空容器壁作为阳极连接到几百伏至一千伏的电压源上。然而这种公知的方法不能应用于某些涂层,例如玻璃底基的涂层。
因此本发明的目的在于提出用于对微波等离子体触发点火的一种方法及装置,它专门用于脉冲式微波等离子体,该方法及装置经济并且其中在反应室中不会有任何不希望的影响涂层质量的反应产物。
本发明是通过如下形式实施的:在用于对底基涂层的反应室中触发点燃CVD-等离子体的方法,其中反应气体被送到该反应室中,在该室中在触发点火后用微波脉冲激励等离子体并维持一给定的时间间隔,在反应室的排气侧利用至少短时接通的高压触发点燃等离子体。用于实施上述方法的装置有一个带有反应气体进气管及排气管的反应室和一个与电源单元及脉冲发生器相连接的产生微波脉冲的微波装置,将一可控高压电源的输出端连接到排气管上。本发明的另一实施形式是:在每个微波脉冲的时间宽度中周期性地短时提高微波脉冲的幅值。用于实施这一方法的装置的电源,当由脉冲发生器输出每个脉冲时,对微波源输出周期性增幅的电流。微波脉冲的幅值被提高到1.1至10倍。
已经出人意料地发现了在反应室中的等离子体可以在反应室的排气侧可靠地被触发点燃,尽管反应气体及被激励的部分不是朝着涂层室的方向而是在相反的方向上向着真空泵运动的。由此同时得到这样的优点:由点火形成的反应产物不会到达涂层室中,而是被泵抽走。
还出人意料地发现了:与US-PS 4888088的建议相反,触发装置的频率并不是非要1MHz,在大大降低的频率下也是可以可靠地触发点燃微波等离子体的。在高压频率为10至100KHz的范围内微波等离子体就可以可靠地触发点燃。
因为在PICVD-方法中,微波脉冲的时间宽度对于涂层的厚度及质量具有决定性意义,在使用某些低频高压时,也即使用频率<30KHz的高压时最好应注意:该低频高压要与微波脉冲同步。当低频高压与微波脉冲之间未给出任何确定的相位关系时,并且使用的频率,当其周期不是十分低于等离子体脉冲的时间宽度时,这种与微波脉冲启动无关的触发点火将导致:脉冲时间宽度及在此条件下由此形成每个脉冲沉析的涂层的质量从统计的角度看是削弱了。低频高压的同步及由此形成的低频高压与微波脉冲之间的固定相位关系保证了等离子体相对于微波脉冲总是在同一时间点实现触发点火。
低频高压这样接通是有利的,即它与微波脉冲同时输入。为此目的,触发电压及微波发生器是脉动工作的。在脉冲停歇期间关断触发电压的优点是:使排气管及电极的导电膜上不期望的涂层明显地减少了。
低频高压处于整个微波脉冲时间宽度上持别是对于不易点燃的气体及很快趋于熄灭的气体的触发点火是一优点。在此情况下,即当微波涂层脉冲期间,等离子体总是相应于触发装置的频率重新触发点火。由此能可靠地避免整个微波脉冲期间等离子体的熄灭。
当使用的低频高压的频率>30KHz时,则不需要高压与微波脉冲同步,并且可在整个涂层期间接通。
根据本发明另一实施形式,它特别适用于易点燃的气体,即相对每个微波脉冲至少利用一个高压脉冲来触发点燃等离子体,若该高压脉冲与微波脉冲同步,同样是有利的。在易点燃气体的情况下,相对于每个微波涂层脉冲使用单个的可控硅短脉冲来触发点燃气体就够了。为了点燃反应气体使用的高压脉冲,其脉冲时间宽度最好在μs的范围内。
该高压脉冲可以与微波脉冲同时输入。但微波脉冲也可以延时于高压脉冲给出,当然应该考虑到:延时τ仍在一个时间间隔内,在该时间间隔内等离子体在触发点火后不致熄灭。在某些应用情况中,将微波脉冲超前于高压脉冲也是有意义的。对无可指摘的涂层来说如果保证在触发点火后能满足微波脉冲的时间宽度的话,高压脉冲相对于微波脉冲来说其位置本身并不要紧。延时τ(它也可以为负值)的大小的选择取决于气体的压力及气体种类。施加高压地点距反应室的距离也取决于气体压力及气体种类。已经证实,距反应室的距离达到50cm远气体还能可靠地触发点火。不管是用低频高压还是用高压脉冲,所使用的电压最好在5至30KV的范围内。
为实施该方法所用之装置设有具有用于反应气体的进气管及排气管的反应室和一与电源单元及脉冲发生器相连接的产生微波脉冲的微波装置。为了触发点燃等离子体将一可控高压电源的输出端附加地连接到排气管上。为了使触发高压传送到气体室中将触发装置的高压输出端经由一电缆固定连接到排气管的一绝缘壁上,或是在金属壁情况下通过一高压套管绝缘地引入到排出的气流中。
该可控高压电源与脉冲发生器相连接,可以保证高压脉冲或低频高压与微波脉冲的同步。该可控高压电源的构造是视所希望的触发点火类型而定,或是用以输出高压脉冲、或是用以输出低频高压。
当微波脉冲必须延迟于触发高压而接通时,在用于微波装置的可控电源单元前方接入一个可调节的延时机构。在高压脉冲必须延时于微波脉冲的情况下,相应地在高压电源的前方接入延时机构。
根据本发明另一实施形式,可以完全取消分离的触发点火装置,这时微波脉冲增幅到超过触发电压,其中每个微波脉冲周期性地短时增幅,这对具有较高熄灭电压的气体是有利的。至此已经证实了当微波脉冲增幅到在PICVD-方法中用于涂层时通常使用的脉冲幅度的1.1至10倍时,该增幅微波脉冲能保证可靠地触发点燃等离子体。
实施这种方法的装置,其措施为:用于微波装置的电源单元可以这样地调节:即当脉冲发生器发出每个脉冲时输送给微波装置的电流短时周期性地增幅。为了在一个微波脉冲的时间宽度上多次地使脉冲增幅,该电源单元最好是程序化结构的。第一个脉冲增幅最好处于微波脉冲起始时。
为了使底基不会由于微波脉冲的增幅而被加热或被稍微加热,微波脉冲增幅的时间间隔的总和tü有意地选择得小于微波涂层脉冲时间宽度T的1/10。当用单个微波脉冲增幅进行触发点火时,每个微波涂层脉冲具有的时间宽度例如为1mS时,脉冲增幅的时间宽度最好限制在1μs。
以下将借助于附图详细地说明例举的实施形式。其附图为:
图1:具有触发点火装置的涂层设备概图;
图2:可控高压电源的电路概图;
图3:两种脉冲对时间的波形图;
图4:根据另一实施形式的高压电源的电路概图;
图5:根据另一实施形式的两种脉冲对时间的波形图;
图6:根据另一实施形式的涂层装置的概图;
图7:一个微波脉冲的波形图。
在图1中给出了一个微波涂层装置,它有一个等离子体触发点火的装置。待涂层的底基(未示出)置放在一个反应室1中,经由进气管9向该室提供反应气体。使用过的反应气体经由排气管10及一个与该管10相连接的真空泵(未示出)抽走。在反应室1的上方装有微波装置,它有一个天线2,一个调谐单元3及一个微波源4。微波源4与电源5a相连接,后者经由一延时机构6的中间电路与一脉冲发生器7相连接。
在脉冲发生器7的输出端还接有一个可控高压电源8a及8b,它的高压输出端与出气管10相连接。为了把触发用的高压送到气体室中,将触发装置8a,8b的高压输出端经由一根电缆(高压连接电缆15)固定到排气管10的一个绝缘壁上、或是在金属壁情况下经由一高压套管绝缘地引入到排出的气流中。可控高压电源8a,8b的两种不同实施形式详细地描绘在图2及图4中。
在图2中描述了一个可控高压电源8a,它产生单个的高压脉冲。由脉冲发生器7输入的脉冲信号经由一个反向器11及一电阻12传送到一个开关晶体管13上,该晶体管的集电极上连有高压变压器14。该高压变压器14的次级绕组与出气管10通过连接电缆15连接。
由可控高压电源8a在输出端输出的高压脉冲如图3所示。上面的波形图表明高压Uz随时间t变化的关系,而下面的波形图表示微波功率L随时间t的分布。高压脉冲的幅值Uo大约为5至30KV。该高压脉冲类似于锯齿状,其脉冲宽度tI例如为1微秒。
因为脉冲发生器7的输出端给微波源4的电源5a提供相同的脉冲,因而和高压脉冲同时产生微波脉冲。如果希望在高压脉冲与微波脉冲之间有一时间延迟τ,则在延时机构6上设置所期望的时间间隔。在图3上延时τ选择得使微波脉冲开始点仍处于高压脉冲之内。
例1
一种由一份TiCl4与四份O2组成的反应气体经由反应室1导入并在排气管10中触发点燃。气体的压强为1毫巴(mbar)。触发点火是用15KV的高压脉冲实现的。高压脉冲的下降时间为l/e、约为1微秒。高压脉冲与微波脉冲之间的延时τ=0.1毫秒。微波脉冲的时间宽度T约为1毫秒,其中微波脉冲间的停歇时间为10毫秒。
在图4中描绘了可控高压电源的另一种实施形式8b。由脉冲发生器7发出的脉冲首先到达一个在10至100KHz频率范围内工作的频率发生器16。频率发生器16的输出端与(或许经过一个附加的驱动晶体管)高压变压器14相连接,后者的次级绕组经过连接电缆15与排气管10相连接。当脉冲发生器7输出的脉冲到达频率发生器16,在连接电缆15上产生出低频高压。
图5中,上方的波形图表示低频高压Uz随时间t的变化关系,而下方的波形图为一个微波脉冲(微波功率L随时间t的变化关系)。该低频高压最好这样地与微波脉冲同步,即微波脉冲的起始点正好是低频高压的一个最大值。低频高压在微波脉冲的整个时间宽度T中被维持着。在这里图示的延时τ等于零。当然也可以使低频高压超前或滞后于微波脉冲的起始点,并且由此使气体在微波脉冲起始点前就已被触发点火或滞后微波脉冲而被触发点火。
在图6中给出了另一种实施形式。在现在所示的装置中设置一个分离的与排气管10相固定的触发点火装置将是多余的,因为现在电源5b不仅可以由脉冲发生器进行控制,而且还可进行功率控制。可控电源5b最好是程序化的,以使得该微波源至少在微波脉冲起始时提供比在通常情况下在涂层过程中微波脉冲所需的功率更大的功率。由此就会有一个受到限制的、短时的脉冲增幅,在反应室1中用于气体的触发点火。对于不易点燃的气体也可产生一个周期性的微波脉冲增幅的序列。特别对于具有较高熄灭电压的气体来说更是个优点(图7)。
例2
一种由一份TiCl4及四份O2组成的反应气体通过反应室1。
气体的压强为1毫巴。微波脉冲增幅到涂层所使用的微波脉冲的两倍,该脉冲增幅的时间宽度约为1微秒。
标号一览表1.反应室2.天线3.调谐单元4.微波源5 a,b.电源单元6.延时机构7.脉冲发生器8 a,b.可控高压电源9.进气管10.排气管11.反向器12.电阻13.晶体管14.高压变压器15.高压连接电缆16.频率发生器

Claims (3)

1.在用作对底基涂层的反应室中触发点燃CVD-等离子体的方法,其中反应气体被送到反应室中,在该室中等离子体在触发点火后利用微波脉冲激励并被维持一预定时间间隔,其特征在于:在每个微波脉冲的时间宽度中在脉冲发生器(7)控制下周期性地短时提高微波脉冲的幅值。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:微波脉冲的幅值被提高到1.1至10倍。
3.用于实施权利要求1或2中方法的装置,所述装置包括一个带有用于反应气体的进气管(9)及排气管(10)的反应室(1),在所述反应室(1)之上设置一个微波装置,所述微波装置包括一个天线(2),一个调谐单元(3)和一个微波源(4),所述微波装置和一个电源单元及产生微波脉冲的时钟发生器(7)相连接,其特征在于:当由时钟发生器(7)输出每个脉冲时,所述电源单元(5b)对所述微波源(4)输出周期性增幅的电流。
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CN1051903C (zh) 2000-04-26
JP3314346B2 (ja) 2002-08-12
DE4122452A1 (de) 1993-01-07
CN1155228A (zh) 1997-07-23
CA2073236C (en) 2000-09-05
US5308650A (en) 1994-05-03
EP0522281A1 (de) 1993-01-13
EP0522281B1 (de) 1994-12-28
HK90297A (en) 1997-08-01
RU2082283C1 (ru) 1997-06-20
CA2073236A1 (en) 1993-01-07
DE4122452C2 (de) 1993-10-28
DE59201072D1 (de) 1995-02-09
CN1070535A (zh) 1993-03-31
JPH05195229A (ja) 1993-08-03

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