CN112616539A - Method for shortening seedling transplanting and revival stage of seedlings - Google Patents
Method for shortening seedling transplanting and revival stage of seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616539A CN112616539A CN202011466752.9A CN202011466752A CN112616539A CN 112616539 A CN112616539 A CN 112616539A CN 202011466752 A CN202011466752 A CN 202011466752A CN 112616539 A CN112616539 A CN 112616539A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for shortening the seedling revival period of seedling transplantation, which comprises the following steps: digging a pit; lifting seedlings; paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix at the bottoms of the opened tree pits; pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.5-1, and mixing to obtain backfill soil; transplanting and field planting, namely placing the nursery stock with the soil balls in tree pits, paving backfill soil and compacting; managing water, watering and planting at regular intervals; the wood mixed matrix is prepared by mixing the decomposed product of wood covering organic matter processed into particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 2cm after oxidation with the auxiliary matrix. The wood mixed matrix is applied to the bottom of a tree pit and the periphery of a seedling soil ball in the seedling transplanting process, so that buffer is provided for the seedlings entering the pit to prevent the root systems of the seedlings from being damaged; and the air permeability, water retention and soil fertility of the soil in contact with the seedling soil ball are increased, so that the seedlings can quickly promote new roots after being transplanted, and the aim of shortening the seedling reviving time is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant transplantation, in particular to a method for shortening a seedling transplanting and revival stage of seedlings.
Background
Seedling transplanting refers to transplanting treatment needed after seedlings produced in modes of seeding or vegetative propagation and the like in garden seedling production grow to a certain stage or according to the requirement of growth space or garden engineering use, so as to meet the requirement of the growth space needed by the seedlings; in addition, the seedlings which are not transplanted from the cultivation are called as seedlings in garden engineering, the resistance of the seedlings is poor, the seedlings cannot be directly used in garden engineering generally, and the engineering seedlings are generally transplanted at least once.
The transplanting of the seedlings can enlarge the growth space of the seedlings, increase the ventilation among the seedlings and the growth space of branches, promote the seedlings to grow new branches and the like, so the transplanting is a necessary operation in the seedling culture process. However, in the process of transplanting the nursery stock, operations such as root cutting, branch and leaf pruning and the like are inevitably used, so that the nursery stock can be damaged to a certain extent, the seedling revival period of the plant can be prolonged if the treatment is improper, and even the growth vigor of the nursery stock can be damaged, so that the nursery stock can die. The factors influencing the survival rate of transplanted seedlings are many, and generally speaking, the following main factors exist, the soil condition of a transplanted field is not suitable for transplanting the seedlings, air and water contain polluting substances, the depth of transplanted tree pits is not suitable for damaging the root systems of the seedlings, soil balls are not properly treated, watering treatment is not proper, and the like. In summary, the seedling recovering period of seedling transplantation is usually not well treated, so that the seedling recovering period of the seedling is too long, a large amount of nutrients are consumed in the seedling recovering period, and the plant is dead.
The seedling revival stage generally refers to a period of time from the transplanting of the seedlings to the survival of the seedlings, wherein the period of time is required for the seedlings to adapt to soil, air and water environments, promote new roots to grow, and take root in a transplanting field for survival, and other life processes, and the growth state and survival state of the seedlings after the transplanting have great relation with the seedling revival stage. The transplanted nursery stock needs a certain seedling reviving time after being transplanted because of operations such as pruning and root breaking in the transplanting process, and in the seedling reviving period, if improper operation or the nursery stock itself is weak in growth potential and cannot adapt to new environment, the nursery stock may have phenomena such as sprout return, root rot, slow growth or stop growth, and the like, which may lead to death of the nursery stock seriously. How to shorten the seedling reviving time of the nursery stock and increase the growth vigor of the nursery stock to ensure that the nursery stock rapidly promotes new roots and buds is a problem to be solved in landscaping. The survival rate of the seedlings can be directly influenced by the length of the seedling revival period, and the seedling revival period of seedling transplantation is required to be reduced as far as possible in the existing agricultural activities.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of seedlings, wherein a wood interest mixed matrix is used in the seedling transplanting process and applied to the bottoms of tree pits and the periphery of a seedling soil ball so as to accelerate the rooting and sprouting of the seedlings and shorten the reviving time; is suitable for transplanting various garden seedlings, particularly garden seedlings which need a long time during transplanting, can effectively shorten the transplanting and seedling revival period and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for shortening the seedling transplanting and seedling revival period of seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
digging a pit, and digging a proper tree pit;
lifting seedlings, selecting transplanted seedlings, digging out and wrapping soil balls;
paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix at the bottoms of the opened tree pits;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.5-1, and mixing to obtain backfill soil;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the nursery stock with the soil balls in tree pits, paving backfill soil and compacting;
managing water, watering and planting at regular intervals;
wherein the wood mixed matrix is prepared by mixing a decomposed product obtained by processing wood covering organic matters into oxidized particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 2cm and an auxiliary matrix.
Preferably, in the wood interest mixed matrix, the auxiliary matrix comprises grass peat or vermiculite or coconut coir.
Preferably, the humate accounts for 30-50% of the volume of the wood mixed matrix.
Preferably, the pH value of the decomposition product is 7.75-7.85, the EC value is 600-1000 mu S/cm, the organic matter is 180-200 g/kg, the hydrolysis nitrogen is 450-700 mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 150-300 mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 1.9 multiplied by 10-3～2.4×10-3mg/kg。
Preferably, in the step of paving the tree pit, the paving thickness of the wood interest mixed matrix is 3-15 cm.
Preferably, in the transplanting and planting step, after the backfill soil is laid, a watering weir is dug around the nursery stock for watering root fixing water after planting so as to thoroughly wet the tree pit.
Preferably, in the transplanting and planting step, the nursery stock is fixed by adopting a batten and/or a thin steel wire and/or a soft belt.
Preferably, the water management step comprises leaf surface watering and/or seedling root watering.
Preferably, in the water management step, a sunshade net is built around the nursery stock in dry seasons.
Preferably, in the seedling lifting step, selecting seedlings with complete root systems, less mechanical damage and no plant diseases and insect pests; if there is a wound, the healing ointment is applied to the wound.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for shortening a seedling transplanting and reviving period of seedlings. Wherein, the rotten material in the wood interest mixed matrix is derived from wood interest covering organic matters, and the wood interest covering organic matter is derived from wastes such as garden branches, and is economic and environment-friendly. The mixed wood interest matrix laid at the bottom of the tree pit provides buffer for the seedlings when entering the pit so as to prevent the seedling roots from being damaged, and the mixed wood interest matrix has certain total porosity, provides air permeability and nutrient components for the bottom of the seedling roots and is beneficial to the seedling rooting. The wood interest mixed matrix is mixed with original soil to be used as backfill, the problems of large viscosity, small total porosity, and weak infiltration storage capacity and fertility when the soil is used as the backfill soil only are solved, the air permeability, water retention property and soil fertility of the soil in contact with the seedling soil ball are increased by laying the wood interest mixed matrix on the seedling soil ball, so that the seedling can be guaranteed in various aspects such as water, fertilizer, gas and the like after being transplanted, the seedling reviving time after the seedling transplantation can be effectively shortened, the growth vigor of the seedling is increased, new roots and new buds are promoted, the survival rate of the transplanted seedling is improved, and the purpose of shortening the seedling reviving time is achieved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is given. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like (e.g., "connected" and "attached") refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached, either directly or indirectly, to one another through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise.
The present invention is further described below in terms of specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
The invention provides a method for shortening the seedling revival period of seedling transplantation, which comprises the following steps:
digging a pit, and digging a proper tree pit; specifically, the field of planting is prepared, weeds and broken stones are cleared, the land is ploughed, and tree pits suitable for transplanting corresponding nursery stocks are dug;
lifting seedlings, selecting transplanted seedlings, digging out and wrapping soil balls; specifically, selecting nursery stocks to be transplanted, generally selecting nursery stocks without disease and pest damage or with less disease and pest damage for transplanting, avoiding the damage of nursery stock root systems when digging out the nursery stocks, and wrapping soil balls after digging out the nursery stocks;
paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix at the bottoms of the opened tree pits; specifically, a layer of wood interest mixed matrix with proper thickness is laid at the bottom of a dug tree pit for transplanting the seedlings, the laying thickness is determined according to the size of soil balls of the transplanted seedlings, and the laying thickness is correspondingly increased when the soil balls of the seedlings are large; the wood mixed matrix is softer, plays a certain role in buffering and protecting soil balls, and the pores of the wood mixed matrix are favorable for the growth of newly grown roots of seedlings;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.5-1, and mixing to obtain backfill soil; specifically, the original soil formed by digging the tree pit is doped with the wood mixed matrix, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and if the original soil is heavy, the using amount of the wood mixed matrix is increased; the wood-interest mixed matrix has an improvement effect on the original soil, the original soil is generally high in viscosity and small in porosity, and the infiltration and retention capacity and the fertility are different; the mixed wood interest matrix is added to reduce the viscosity of soil, the porosity is increased to improve the air permeability of seedling roots when the seedlings transversely extend, the water and fertilizer retention performance is improved, redundant water can be removed, the risk of waterlogging is reduced, and meanwhile, because the raw materials of the rotting matters in the mixed wood interest matrix come from garden wastes such as branches, the rotting matters can be decomposed in the soil to provide organic matters and nutrition for the soil and the seedlings;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the nursery stock with the soil balls in tree pits, paving backfill soil, and compacting to fix the nursery stock;
water management, namely watering and planting regularly to keep the soil in the tree pit moist, so that the rooting and sprouting of the nursery stocks are facilitated;
wherein the wood mixed matrix is prepared by mixing a decomposed product obtained by processing wood covering organic matters into oxidized particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 2cm and an auxiliary matrix. Wherein the wood interest covering organic matter is purchased from American ecological landscape GmbH. The particles formed by processing the wood-interest covering organic matter are placed and naturally oxidized to form a rotting matter, and the particles have a certain amount of organic matter and nutrient components, so that the particles are economic and environment-friendly; the addition of the auxiliary matrix improves the physical and chemical properties of the wood mixed matrix, the wood mixed matrix is loose and breathable, is rich in nutrients, and accelerates the growth of transplanted seedlings to shorten the seedling recovery time.
In one embodiment, in the wood-interest mixed matrix, the auxiliary matrix comprises grass peat or vermiculite or coconut coir. Peat is a product of the marsh development process and contains a large amount of water and plant residues, humus and a part of minerals which are not completely decomposed. The vermiculite matrix can effectively promote the growth of plant roots and the stable development of new seedlings and can keep the temperature of the roots stable. The coconut chaff is a cultivation material prepared by processing the outer layer fiber of the coconut shell, and has good air permeability and water retention. According to the difficulty of seedling revival of transplanted seedlings, an appropriate auxiliary matrix is selected, so that the prepared wood-interest mixed matrix has air permeability, water retention and soil fertility which are suitable for the soil environment for growth of the transplanted seedlings, the seedlings are rapidly promoted to sprout new roots, and the seedling revival time is further shortened.
In one embodiment, the humus accounts for 30-50% of the volume of the wood mixed matrix so as to ensure the nutrient components and the total porosity of the wood mixed matrix, and avoid the situation that the total porosity is too large due to excessive consumption of the humus, which is unfavorable for fixing transplanted seedlings by backfilling soil, and in addition, the water storage performance of the wood mixed matrix is poor due to excessive consumption of the humus.
In one embodiment, the pH value of the decomposition product is 7.75-7.85, the EC value is 600-1000 μ S/cm, the organic matter is 180-200 g/kg, the hydrolysis nitrogen is 450-700 mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 150-300 mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 1.9 × 10-3～2.4×10-3mg/kg. The wood interest mixed matrix has low manufacturing cost, good physical and chemical properties, looseness, air permeability and water retention, and has nutrient elements and organic matters required by the growth of nursery stocks.
In one embodiment, in the step of laying the tree pit, the laying thickness of the wood interest mixed matrix is 3-15 cm. The consumption of the wood interest mixed matrix is controlled, the use cost is saved, and simultaneously the buffering protection capability on the seedling soil ball and the porosity favorable for seedling rooting are ensured.
In an embodiment, in the transplanting and field planting step, after the backfill soil is laid, a watering weir is dug around the nursery stock to water root fixing water after field planting is finished, so that the tree pit is thoroughly wetted. The tree pit needs to be thoroughly watered when the seedlings are transplanted, so that the seedling root systems are in close contact with soil, and the seedling root systems can heal and take root. The watering weir is dug out and watered to enable sufficient water to be watered in the tree pit while water is allowed to penetrate as far as possible into the tree pit and not flow into the soil surrounding the tree pit.
In one embodiment, in the transplanting and planting step, the nursery stock is fixed by wood strips and/or thin steel wires and/or soft belts to support the transplanted nursery stock, so that the body of the nursery stock is not inclined.
In one embodiment, the water management step comprises spraying water to the leaf surface and/or watering the root of the seedling. And (3) watering for at least two times after planting, wherein the watering amount is determined according to the type and season of the nursery stock, and the root of the nursery stock is ensured to be in a wet state but no water is accumulated. Spraying water to the leaf surfaces of evergreen seedlings to ensure that the leaves have sufficient water; the watering frequency of the deciduous seedlings is reduced so as to prevent the leaves from falling off due to watering; increasing the watering amount and the watering times in the dry season; and timely drainage of waterlogging is required in rainy season.
In one embodiment, the water management step further comprises the step of building a sunshade net around the nursery stock in dry seasons. The dry season is mostly an environment with long drying time, the humidity of soil around the root of the nursery stock is ensured except for regular watering, and the nursery stock needs to be properly shaded so as to prevent the nursery stock from being too quickly dehydrated due to the external environment and not beneficial to the growth of the nursery stock.
In one embodiment, in the seedling lifting step, seedlings with complete root systems, less mechanical damage and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected, the selected seedlings are strong, and the reserved root systems can quickly absorb nutrients from surrounding soil, so that survival of transplanted seedlings is facilitated. If the root is damaged, the healing agent is smeared on the damaged root to promote the healing of the damaged surface of the root of the transplanted seedling. Furthermore, in order to prevent the transplanted seedlings from being invaded by pests in the growth process, a certain amount of bactericide is mixed in the backfill soil. Further, in order to promote the transplanted nursery stock to take root, a certain amount of rooting powder is mixed into the backfill soil.
In order to illustrate the invention herein, specific examples are set forth below. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
The method for shortening the seedling revival period of the metasequoia seedlings in transplanting comprises the following steps:
digging a pit, preparing the field for planting, cleaning weeds and broken stones, and then digging out a proper tree pit with the diameter of 2m and the depth of 1.8 m;
seedling lifting, namely selecting a metasequoia seedling to be transplanted to dig out, wherein the metasequoia seedling is about 4m high, and the soil ball of the metasequoia seedling to be lifted is about 1.5m multiplied by 1.5 m;
paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix with the thickness of 10cm at the bottoms of the dug tree pits for transplanting the seedlings;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.5 mixing to obtain backfill soil;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the metasequoia seedlings with soil balls in tree pits, filling backfill soil into gaps of the tree pits, compacting by using tools such as shovels, digging an irrigation weir around the seedlings, fixing the seedlings by using wood strips and a thin steel wire, and immediately injecting primary root fixing water into the irrigation weir to thoroughly irrigate the soil in the tree pits;
and (5) water management, namely watering the planting water once respectively on the third day and the fifth day after planting. Wherein, the wood mixed matrix comprises 3: 7 rotten matters and grass peat. Compared with the common transplanting method, the seedling recovering time is shortened from 30 days to 18 days.
Example 2
The method for shortening the transplanting and seedling revival period of crape myrtle seedlings comprises the following steps:
digging a pit, preparing the field for planting, cleaning weeds and broken stones, and then digging out a proper tree pit with the diameter of 1.8m and the depth of 1.5 m;
lifting seedlings, namely selecting crape myrtle seedlings to be transplanted and digging out, wherein the crape myrtle seedlings are about 3.5m high, and the soil balls of the lifted crape myrtle seedlings are about 1.5m multiplied by 1.2 m;
paving tree pits, and paving 8 cm-thick wood mixed matrix at the bottoms of the dug tree pits for transplanting the seedlings;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 1 mixing to obtain backfill soil;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the crape myrtle seedlings with soil balls in tree pits, adjusting the vertical direction of the crape myrtle seedlings, filling backfill soil into gaps of the tree pits, tamping the crape myrtle seedlings layer by layer, raising the soil surface to 15-20 cm above the ground after backfilling, digging an irrigation weir around the crape myrtle seedlings, fixing the crape myrtle seedlings by adopting soft cloth strips because the phloem of the crape myrtle seedlings is thinner, and immediately injecting root fixing water into the irrigation weir once so as to ensure that the water in the soil in the tree pits is saturated;
and (4) water management, namely watering the field planting water once on the third day after field planting. Wherein, the wood mixed matrix comprises a mixture of wood and bamboo in a volume ratio of 5: 5, rotten substance and coconut husk. Compared with the common transplanting method, the seedling revival time of the embodiment is shortened from 25 days to 15 days.
Example 3
The method for shortening the transplanting and seedling revival period of the erythrina indica seedlings comprises the following steps:
digging a pit, preparing the field for planting, cleaning weeds and broken stones, and digging out a proper tree pit with the diameter of 80cm and the depth of 1 m;
picking up seedlings, namely selecting the erythrina indica seedlings to be transplanted and digging out, wherein the diameter of the erythrina indica seedlings is about 50cm, and the soil balls of the erythrina indica seedlings which are picked up are about 60cm multiplied by 80cm because erythrina indica is a plant with a developed root system;
paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix with the thickness of 5cm at the bottoms of the dug tree pits for transplanting the seedlings;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.5 mixing to obtain backfill soil;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the erythrina indica seedling with soil balls in a tree pit, adjusting the vertical direction of the erythrina indica seedling, filling backfill soil into a gap of the tree pit, treading and compacting, after backfilling, the soil surface is 10cm higher than the ground, digging a watering weir around the erythrina indica seedling, wherein usually, the small shrubs such as the erythrina indica seedling do not need to be fixed and compacted, and after field planting, immediately injecting root fixing water into the watering weir once so as to ensure that the water in the soil in the tree pit is saturated;
and (4) water management, namely watering the field planting water once on the third day after field planting. Wherein, the wood mixed matrix comprises a mixture of wood and bamboo in a volume ratio of 5: 5 humified materials and vermiculite. Compared with the common transplanting method, the seedling recovering time of the embodiment is shortened from 18 days to 12 days.
Example 4
The method for shortening the transplanting and seedling revival period of the camellia oleifera nursery stocks comprises the following steps:
digging a pit, preparing the field for planting, cleaning weeds and broken stones, and digging out a proper tree pit with the diameter of 60cm and the depth of 40 cm;
lifting seedlings, planting the tea plum seedlings in a nutrition bag, taking out tea plums to be transplanted from the nutrition bag, cleaning the soil on the outermost layer, wherein the thickness of the cleaned soil is about 3-5 cm;
paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix with the thickness of 5cm at the bottoms of the dug tree pits for transplanting the seedlings;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 1 mixing to obtain backfill soil;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the cleaned camellia oleifera nursery stock in a tree pit, adjusting the vertical direction of the camellia oleifera nursery stock, selecting the direction with the largest flower amount as a main viewing direction, filling backfill soil into the gap of the tree pit, treading and compacting, after backfilling, the soil surface is 10cm higher than the ground, digging out a water filling weir around the camellia oleifera nursery stock, wherein the nursery stock is small, so that additional fixing operation can not be carried out after the soil at the base of the nursery stock is compacted, and immediately injecting root fixing water into the water filling weir once after field planting is finished so as to ensure that the water in the soil in the tree pit is saturated;
and (4) water management, namely watering the field planting water once on the third day after field planting. Wherein, the wood mixed matrix comprises a mixture of wood and bamboo in a volume ratio of 4: 6 rotten substances and peat. Compared with the common transplanting method, the seedling revival time of the embodiment is shortened from 15 days to 10 days.
The metasequoia and the crape myrtle belong to large-scale nursery stocks, the seedling recovering time of the large-scale nursery stocks from transplanting to survival is 15-30 days generally, the seedling recovering time of different tree species is slightly different under different climatic conditions, the seedling recovering time of the large-scale nursery stocks is shortened to 12-20 days by adopting the method of the invention, and compared with the traditional method, the seedling recovering time is shortened by more than 20%. The pittosporum tobira and the camellia sasanqua belong to small and medium-sized seedlings, the transplanting and seedling revival time of the small and medium-sized seedlings is usually 10-20 days, the types of the seedlings are different, the climates are slightly different, the seedling revival time of the small and medium-sized seedlings can be shortened to about 8-12 days after the method is adopted, and the method has more advantages compared with the traditional transplanting method. Namely, by using the method of the invention, the seedling recovery period of the seedlings is shortened by more than 10 percent on average, the seedlings of different varieties have certain difference, the survival rate of the seedlings is obviously improved after the wood mixed matrix is added, and the number of new roots and the number of new buds are higher than that of the seedlings without the wood mixed matrix.
It should be understood that the "seedling reviving time" herein can be defined by observing the time between the completion of seedling transplanting and field planting and the seedling rooting, and can also be defined by observing the time between the completion of seedling transplanting and field planting and the seedling germination, and when experimental verification is performed, one of the methods is uniformly adopted. A certain amount of soil around the seedlings can be planed according to experience to check the seedling rooting condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of seedlings, which is characterized in that a wood mixed matrix is used in the seedling transplanting process, and the wood mixed matrix is applied to the bottoms of tree pits and the periphery of seedling soil balls, so that buffer is provided for seedlings entering the pits, and the root systems of the seedlings are prevented from being damaged; in addition, the wood interest mixed matrix increases the air permeability, water retention and soil fertility of the soil contacted with the seedling soil ball, so that the transplanted seedlings can be protected in various aspects such as water, fertilizer, gas and the like, and new roots are promoted quickly, and the aim of shortening the seedling reviving time is fulfilled.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner; the invention can be smoothly implemented by a person of ordinary skill in the art according to the specification; however, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for shortening the seedling revival period of seedling transplantation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
digging a pit, and digging a proper tree pit;
lifting seedlings, selecting transplanted seedlings, digging out and wrapping soil balls;
paving tree pits, and paving a wood mixed matrix at the bottoms of the opened tree pits;
pre-treating backfill, namely mixing excavated original soil and a wood mixed matrix according to a volume ratio of 1: 0.5-1, and mixing to obtain backfill soil;
transplanting and field planting, namely placing the nursery stock with the soil balls in tree pits, paving backfill soil and compacting;
managing water, watering and planting at regular intervals;
wherein the wood mixed matrix is prepared by mixing a decomposed product obtained by processing wood covering organic matters into oxidized particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 2cm and an auxiliary matrix.
2. The method for shortening seedling transplanting and seedling revival stage of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary substrate in the wood interest mixed substrate comprises peat, vermiculite or coconut coir.
3. The method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of the nursery stock as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the humate accounts for 30-50% of the volume of the wood interest mixed matrix.
4. The method for shortening seedling transplanting and reviving period of claim 1, wherein the pH value of the rotting substance is 7.75-7.85, the EC value is 600-1000 μ S/cm, the organic matter is 180-200 g/kg, the hydrolysis nitrogen is 450-700 mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 150-300 mg/kg, and the available potassium is 1.9 x 10-3～2.4×10-3mg/kg。
5. The method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of claim 1, wherein in the step of laying tree pits, the thickness of the wood interest mixed matrix is 3-15 cm.
6. The method for shortening the seedling revival period of seedling transplantation according to claim 1, wherein the transplantation and field planting step further comprises digging a watering weir around the seedlings after the backfill soil is laid, so as to water the root fixing water after the field planting is finished, and the tree pits are thoroughly wetted.
7. The method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of claim 1, wherein in the transplanting and planting step, the seedlings are fixed by wood strips and/or thin steel wires and/or soft belts.
8. The method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of claim 1, wherein the water management step comprises spraying water to the leaf surface and/or watering the roots of the seedlings.
9. The method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of the nursery stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water management step further comprises building a sunshade net around the nursery stock in dry seasons.
10. The method for shortening the seedling transplanting and reviving period of claim 1, wherein in the seedling lifting step, seedlings with complete root systems, less mechanical damage and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected; if there is a wound, the healing ointment is applied to the wound.
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