CN109041852A - A kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing methods, are related to the nursery graft technology field of mulberry tree.The grafting seedlings-growing method is comprising steps of mulberry kind selects；It builds in nursery；Sowing is sprinkling upon on whole good seedbed after evenly mixing seed and fine sand or fine earth, and seed uses straw, wheat husk, rice chaff, straw etc. to cover furrow face after sowing；Seedling management is irrigated, is drained, taking off film, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and application cycocel；Grafting prepares, and acquires scion item and stores, and selects stock and stores；Grafting, cut anvil wood, cuts scion, grafting fringe；Graft storage and transplanting；Grafting field management, takes off film, goes stock, weeding fertilising, the row of filling, pinching picking leaves；Lifting guarantees that the root system of lifting is not shorter than 20cm, is then classified to nursery stock by specification, quality；Grafting saves.Mulberry tree grafting bag of the invention, which connects method for culturing seedlings, reduces grafting cost, and standardized mulberry field nursery operating substantially increases breeding efficiency and Quality of Seedlings.

Description

A kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method

Technical field

The present invention relates to mulberry bud Cultivating techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method.

Background technique

In recent years, with the progress of China's silk science and technology, modern silkworm and mulberry Silk Industry technical system is gradually formed, is effectively pushed away Sericulture there transition and upgrade is moved, various regions keep a firm hand on the big good opportunity for shaking off poverty and assaulting fortified position and revitalizing with rural area, greatly develop modern ecological silkworm Mulberry industry.

Mulberry tree is the important material base of silk industry, establishes one that good quality and high output mulberry field is Sericultural production and builds substantially If.The good situation of thorough growth, various regions hair is presented in important recipient place of the Sichuan as China " eastern Sang Xiyi ", sericulture there Exhibition industry enthusiasm is surging.But the mulberry sapling breeding of method in Sichuan more lags always, traditional Hybrid Mulberry " garden Bu Cheng " plus winter Hibernaculum grafting, because grafting carries out in field, is influenced by weather, large labor intensity is grafted at high cost, graft survival rate and is not protected The defects of barrier, constrains the construction in high standard mulberry field base to a certain extent；It introduces good mulberry grafting from Zhejiang, Jiangsu and also deposits In single variety, bad adaptability, mulberry sapling root system is undeveloped, the problems such as time limit is short, and disease pest endangers of getting bumper crops.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve defect existing for above-mentioned technology, the present invention, which provides one kind, can reduce production cost, realize rapid high yield Standardize orchard establishment mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method.

The present invention realizes that technical solution used by above-mentioned technical effect is:

A kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps:

S1, the selection of mulberry kind, select Hybrid Mulberry kind, carry out germination percentage measurement prior to seeding；

S2, nursery are built, and selection the soil is porous fertile, good permeability sand loam, for soil pH value 6.5~7.0, irrigation and drainage are good Good, pollution-free source, soil moisture content turns in 70%~75% plot and does furrow, applies herbicide；

S3, beginning of spring temperature stablize ground temperature at 16 DEG C or more or underground 4.5cm can sow in spring or 5 at 20 DEG C or so Summer sowing is carried out in time after late autumn at the end of month harvest, and broadcasting sowing application rate per acre is 0.5~1.0kg, and seed and fine sand or fine earth is uniform It is sprinkling upon after mixing and stirring in whole good seedbed furrow face, Sang Zi uses straw, wheat husk, rice chaff, straw etc. to cover furrow face after sowing, and covers careless thickness Slightly to see that furrow face soil for degree, then waters, makes ground moistening, then film is covered, and two ropes are drawn on film, are used in combination Timber is fixed；

S4, seedling management keep irrigating, draining, throw off film in the expansion of most of seedling two panels cotyledon, apply fertilizer every 30 days Once, until before by the end of August, in growth period, pest and disease damage is prevented and treated in time and simultaneously applies cycocel；

S5, grafting prepare, before January sprouts to mulberry bud, clip 7~15mm of diameter, and the full no disease and pests harm branch conduct of hibernaculum Scion item, and the place of the humidity of darkness in plant；Then selection seedling diameter is in 5mm or more, and main root is complete, the fresh mulberry saplings of root system It is 15 DEG C~25 DEG C as stock, and in temperature, store 7~10 days in the environment that humidity is 80%~90%, it is optional when storage Area without shade, by stock and the ground placement at 45 ° that tilts, root is embedded in wet sand in parallel, above takes film arched shed；Or on the sunny side Ground paving plastic film within doors, the wet straw Bao Yan of surrounding, is optionally suitably mended wet；

S6, grafting, the seedling as stock stay the main root of 10cm or so, too long and injured lateral root are cut off, in seedling About 1cm cuts downwards the smooth ramp of left and right at 45 ° without lateral root side under rootstock, chooses excellent fringe bar, then " four knives one Cut " it is whittled into a scion: the first knife rises below the reverse side of bud at 0.8~1cm and cuts, and is whittled into the curve slope of 3~4cm long；The Two knives horizontal knife at inclined-plane 2.5cm prunes excessive portion；Third knife respectively slightly repairs a knife at inclined-plane two sides 1/2, makes bevel two sides Expose cyan inclined-plane with tip；4th knife, 1.5~2cm has gone out to cut below the front of bud, reams bast zone, retains xylem； Finally fringe head is cut at 0.5~0.8cm of upper end of fringe bud；Then the cortex that stock clip is pinched out with hand, makes and xylem Separation forms pocket-like cortex, and scion head inclined-plane is slowly inserted into cortex against stock cortex outward；

S7, graft storage and transplanting, after graft is carried out, 20 or 25 are bundled into a bundle, the graft triazolone tied Or carbendazim impregnates graft root system, carries out disinfection, then storage is stand-by；March, early and middle ten days were carried out to stand-by graft is stored Row plants；

S8, grafting field management, take off film, remove stock, when grafting grows to 10cm or so, are shallowly cut, are loosened the soil, weeding, And first time topdressing is applied, compound fertilizer 10kg~15kg is applied per acre or urea 5kg adds calcium superphosphate 25kg, when nursery stock grows to 30cm When, it weeds with a hoe, applies urea 10kg per acre, until applying urea 15kg mid-July per acre, late August applies urea 15kg per acre； Pay attention to irrigating and drain, is advisable with being dipped into seedbed edge；Early July raises in conjunction with summer silkworm, and liftoff 50cm has one's hair trimmed, after axillary bud sprouting Only terminal bud is stayed to grow, late July pinching, bud thinning only stay terminal bud to grow, and middle late fall appropriateness picking leaves is bred silkworms, branch top stay leaf 6~ 8 liftings；

S9, lifting, the root system of lifting are not shorter than 20cm, are then classified to nursery stock by specification, quality；Grafting saves.

Preferably, in above-mentioned mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method, in the step S1, local mulberry of growing directly from seeds is chosen Kind or osmanthus Sang You 12, Gui Sang are No. 62 excellent, Sang Te is No. 2 excellent, Gui Sang 5, Gui Sang 6, Yuesang 11, Guangdong mulberry No. 51, husky 2 × human relations 109,10 × human relations of the pool 109 are mulberry kind；Meanwhile germination percentage measurement is carried out prior to seeding, germination percentage accounts for 70% or more before selecting the 5th day The good mulberry kind of germinating energy.

Preferably, in above-mentioned mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method, in the step S2, described turn over makees furrow packet Include step:

S201, nursery are ploughed, and the soil of spring nursery is ploughed in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, and the soil of seedling growing in summer should be received in preceding crop It is ploughed immediately after obtaining, for ploughing depth in 20~25cm or so, clay is slightly deep, and sand is slightly shallow；

S202, basal dressing use sufficient organic fertilizer when nursery lot is turned over as base manure, and it is decomposed for applying the quantity of base manure per acre Heap barnyard manure 1000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 100kg and calcium superphosphate 10kg；

S203, finishing seedbed first by the garden deep ploughed carry out rotary tillage, harrow even base manure, break up the clods before bedding, while surrounding is done Good irrigation and drainage ditch, by wide 200~300cm, high 20cm, furrow width 20cm outputs seedbed, and length is depending on landform；

S204, reason compartment bedding, by wide 120~150cm, furrow width 20cm bedding, finally rake pine flattens native face；

S205, spraying herbicide carry out a furrow face weeding with herbicide before graft row's cultivation.

It preferably, further include that sowing is preceding right in the step S3 in above-mentioned mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method The processing in nursery and seed: nursery lot is mixed soil with 40% Rogor of grain weight 1% after ploughing shallowly and is sprinkled into soil, then site preparation bedding, or uses 50% phoxim of grain weight 0.1% is dressed seed；Seed is put into cloth bag, impregnates 24 hours in clear water, is laid in disk after being filtered dry, Upper cover wet cloth is rinsed 1~2 time and is filtered dry with clear water daily, and to try to get to the heart of a matter, not water breakthrough keeps wet, broadcast when Sang Zi shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for degree Kind.

Preferably, in above-mentioned mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method, in the step S7, the storage packet of graft It includes: graft is stored in the carton for being lined with plastic film, bubble chamber or containing in water sand cellar, laterally neatly packed, humidity is kept 70%~80%, prevent mouldy or shrivelled, transplanting or outward transport after its healing；Or a bundle is bundled by graft 25 or 50, often Two bundle fringe heads are opposite, and it is outside to connect root, be arranged in and spread on remaining indoor damp sandy soil in advance, arrange one layer, and it is thick to cover one layer of 5cm Damp sandy soil are limited with 4~5 layers, to control 5~8 DEG C of temperature in storage, relative humidity 75% or so, and running check, are prevented Only withered, mouldy, germination.

Preferably, in above-mentioned mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method, in the step S7, graft is arranged Plant comprising steps of

S71, planting furrow is dug, deep 25cm, the planting furrow of wide 15cm or so, 25~30cm of drains spacing is opened on seedbed；

S72, it applies fertilizer to the subsoil, row first applies calcium superphosphate in bottom of trench before planting, and dosage is 100Kg/ mus；

S73, row plant graft, and graft is transplanted into nursery before germination, and the graft that scion loosens, stripping are first eliminated before transplanting It removes the anvil bud grown on stock, when plant, graft is leant against one side of ditch, seeding row spacing 5cm × 40cm, planting density is Every 30,000 plants/acre or so；

S74, earthing epiphragma, row are slightly compressed with fine earth when planting and connect root, are prevented scion loosening or are fallen off, earthing to the rigid drowning of fringe head or Micro- dew fringe top, prevents fringe head from drying, and after earthing, carries out all standing of compartment face using White plastic film, keeps ground moistening.

The invention has the benefit that mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention is by making standardization mulberry Nursery garden is set, mulberry sapling survival rate can be improved, reduce mulberry tree seedling cost, the mulberry sapling good quality and high output cultivated is suitble to Sichuan Basin large-scale plantation has positive guiding function to modern ecological sericulture there is developed.

Specific embodiment

To make to make the present invention further understanding, referring to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.It is aobvious So, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.

A kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, includes the following steps:

S1, the selection of mulberry kind, select Hybrid Mulberry kind, carry out germination percentage measurement prior to seeding.Specifically, choosing the local Sang Zhonghuo that grows directly from seeds Gui Sang is No. 12 excellent, Gui Sang is No. 62 excellent, Sang Te is No. 2 excellent, Gui Sang 5, Gui Sang 6, Yuesang 11, Guangdong mulberry No. 51, sand 2x human relations 109, Pool 10x human relations 109 are mulberry kind.Meanwhile germination percentage measurement is carried out prior to seeding, the mulberry kind for selecting germinating energy good, germinating energy refers to well Germination percentage accounts for 70% or more before 5th day, and germination in the 5th day terminates substantially, and as germinating energy is good.

S2, nursery are built, selection the soil is porous fertile, good permeability sand loam, and soil pH value is 6.5~7.0, row Fill good, pollution-free source, soil moisture content turns in 70%~75% plot and does furrow, applies herbicide.It is agglomerating to hold soil, Letting go gently to lose mass of soil and scatter is advisable, and nursery lot answers rice field-upland field rotation, and continuous nursery was no more than 3 years.

Specifically turn over do furrow comprising steps of

S201, nursery are ploughed, and the soil of spring nursery is ploughed in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, and the soil of seedling growing in summer should be received in preceding crop It is ploughed immediately after obtaining, ploughing depth is turned over and raked in 20~25cm or so, accomplishes that ground grading is thin.When clay soil property plot, plough Depth is slightly deep, and when sand soil property plot, ploughing depth is slightly shallow.The soil of seedling growing in summer should be ploughed immediately after preceding crop harvests, It is the sooner the better, strive for broadcasting seedling ahead of time.

S202, basal dressing use sufficient organic fertilizer when nursery lot is turned over as base manure, and the quantity for applying base manure per acre is Decomposed heap barnyard manure 1000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 100kg and calcium superphosphate 10kg.

S203, finishing seedbed first by the garden deep ploughed carry out rotary tillage, harrow even base manure, break up the clods before bedding, while week It encloses and carries out irrigation and drainage ditch, by wide 200~300cm, high 20cm, furrow width 20cm outputs seedbed, and length is depending on landform.

S204, reason compartment bedding, by wide 120~150cm, furrow width 20cm bedding, finally rake pine flattens native face.

S205, spraying herbicide carry out a furrow face weeding with herbicide before graft row's cultivation.

The ground temperature that S3, beginning of spring temperature are stablized at 16 DEG C or more or underground 4.5cm can sow in spring at 20 DEG C or so, Or by the end of May late autumn harvest after carry out summer sowing in time.Broadcasting sowing application rate per acre is 0.5~1.0kg, and seed and fine sand or fine earth is equal It is even mix and stir after be sprinkling upon in whole good seedbed furrow face, then gently suppress, clay or area of heavy rainfull not clap pressure.Sang Zi uses rice after sowing Grass, wheat husk, rice chaff, straw etc. cover furrow face, cover careless thickness slightly to see furrow face soil for degree.Then it waters, makes ground moistening, so Rear film covering, will draw two ropes, and fixed with timber on film.Such as 2250kg or so is needed with straw per hectare, wheat husk, The per hectares such as rice chaff need 1500kg, and overall watering makes ground moistening.

Respective handling is carried out respectively to nursery and seed prior to seeding, nursery lot uses 40% Rogor of grain weight 1% after ploughing shallowly It mixes soil to be sprinkled into soil, then site preparation bedding, or is dressed seed with 50% phoxim of grain weight 0.1%.Before seed dressing, seed is first put into cloth Bag, impregnates 24 hours in clear water, is laid in disk after being filtered dry, upper cover wet cloth, is rinsed 1~2 time and is filtered dry with clear water daily, with Not water breakthrough of trying to get to the heart of a matter is degree, keeps wet, sowing when Sang Zi shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.

Broadcasting sowing application rate per acre is 0.5~1.0kg.For germination percentage 80% or so, soil is again more loose, broadcasts sowing per hectare and broadcasts Kind amount can be appropriate on the low side.Germination percentage is lower, and nursery is heavy in texture, suitably to increase application rate.

S4, seedling management keep irrigating, and Sang Zi is after planting it is noted that irrigate, holding soil moisture regime.Nursery stock enters prosperous After containing growth period, it must pour in time.Seedling Stage will prevent from rushing seedling root when watering.Pay attention to draining simultaneously, when nursery stock is larger, Water requirement is more, to fill, conditional to spray.After each irrigation or heavy rain, ponding to be discharged as early as possible.It is built except combining Seedbed is carried out outside drainage system, and drainage ditch after planting should be also often dredged.Pay attention to applying fertilizer simultaneously, it is primary every fertilising in 30 days, Until before by the end of August, early period applies fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 10kg or so.Later period answers increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, and mu applies 15~ 20kg.In growth period, pest and disease damage is prevented and treated in time and applies cycocel, such as finds wasting disease, bacterial disease, purple root rot (Helicobasidium mompa) and root knot Sick seedling should be pulled out in time and be burnt by nematodiasis and diaphania etc., and medicine kills and catch pests.Cycocel is applied in mid or late August, is inhibited Mulberry sapling aerial growth promotes the diameter increment of under ground portion root system.It is thrown off in the expansion of most of seedling two panels cotyledon thin Film.It takes off film preferably to carry out at dusk in cloudy day or fine day, day drought day is strong, to take off film by several times, dry up to prevent seedling, such as uses wheat husk, rice chaff Equal materials covering does not have to remove.

S5, grafting prepare, and before January sprouts to mulberry bud, clip 7~15mm of diameter, hibernaculum is full, no disease and pests harm branch As scion item, label is hung up after tying up, prevents variet complexity.Then the place of the humidity of darkness in plant, when storing scion It is first rebasing with plastic film on the ground, then lid is enclosed with plastic film.Prevent that scion dehydration is shrivelled or humidity is excessive, de- bud too early.

Then selection seedling diameter is in 5mm or more, and main root is complete, and root system is fresh, qualified mulberry saplings of quarantining as stock, and Temperature is 15 DEG C~25 DEG C, is stored 7~10 days in the environment that humidity is 80%~90%.Area without shade may be selected when storage, by stock With the ground placement at 45 ° that tilts, root is embedded in wet sand in parallel, above takes film arched shed；Or in ground paving modeling within doors on the sunny side Expect that film, the wet straw Bao Yan of surrounding are optionally suitably mended wet.The stock grafted ahead of time needs heat and moisture preserving, promotes to sprout ahead of time, Can be easily separated cortex and xylem.

S6, grafting, the seedling as stock stay the main root of 10cm or so, cut off too long and injured lateral root, are growing directly from seeds About 1cm cuts downwards the smooth ramp of left and right at 45 ° without lateral root side under the rootstock of seedling.The lesser inclined-plane of stock should be cut greatly, Inclined-plane injustice or cortical lacerations, are both needed to heavy pruning.Generally according to root length, at least 5cm or more.The lesser inclined-plane of stock should be cut greatly A bit, inclined-plane injustice or cortical lacerations, are both needed to heavy pruning, generally according to root length, at least 5cm or more.Excellent fringe bar is chosen, so Four knives are whittled into a scion afterwards, wherein the first knife rises below the reverse side of bud at 0.8~1cm and cuts, and is whittled into the arc of 3~4cm long Inclined-plane, the second knife horizontal knife at inclined-plane 2.5cm prune excessive portion, and third knife is respectively slightly repaired a knife at inclined-plane two sides 1/2, made Cyan inclined-plane is exposed at bevel two sides and tip；4th knife, 1.5~2cm has gone out to cut below the front of bud, reams bast zone, protects Xylem is stayed, finally cuts fringe head at 0.5~0.8cm of upper end of fringe bud.The scion requirement edge of a knife being whittled into is smooth, three show Blueness, fringe point width are appropriate, cortex is not detached from xylem.Then the cortex that stock clip is pinched out with hand, makes and woody part From pocket-like is formed, scion head inclined-plane is slowly inserted into bag against stock cortex outward.It is seated, but the serious offense that cannot exert oneself Suddenly, with anti-plug broken skin layer, such as discovery rupture is had to cut again slotting, and otherwise, grafting is difficult to survive.

S7, graft storage and transplanting, after graft is carried out, 20 or 25 are bundled into a bundle, and the graft tied is with three Oxazolone or carbendazim impregnate graft root system, carry out disinfection, and then storage is stand-by；March, early and middle ten days were to storing stand-by graft Carry out row's cultivation.Specifically, the storage of graft is: graft is stored in the carton for being lined with plastic film, bubble chamber or aqueous Laterally neatly packed in sand cellar, humidity keeps 70%~80%, prevents mouldy or shrivelled, transplanting or outward transport after its healing.Or it will Graft 25 or 50 are bundled into a bundle, and every two bundles fringe head is opposite, and it is outside to connect root, are arranged in and spread remaining indoor damp sandy soil in advance On, one layer is arranged, the damp sandy soil of one layer of 5cm thickness is covered, is limited with 4~5 layers, 5~8 DEG C of temperature are controlled in storage, phase To humidity 75% or so, and running check, prevent from drying up, mouldy, germination.

To graft carry out row cultivation comprising steps of

S71, planting furrow is dug, deep 25cm, the planting furrow of wide 15cm or so, 25~30cm of drains spacing is opened on seedbed；

S72, it applies fertilizer to the subsoil, row first applies calcium superphosphate in bottom of trench before planting, and dosage is 100Kg/ mus；

S73, row plant graft, and graft is transplanted into nursery before germination, avoids strenuous vibration in transportational process.Before transplanting first The graft that scion loosens is eliminated, the anvil bud grown on stock is peelled off.When plant, graft is leant against one side of ditch, strain Line-spacing 5cm × 40cm, planting density are every 30,000 plants/acre or so.

S74, earthing epiphragma, row are slightly compressed with fine earth when planting and connect root, prevent scion from loosening or falling off, earthing to fringe head has just covered Not or micro- dew fringe top, it prevents fringe head from drying, after earthing, carries out all standing of compartment face using White plastic film, keep ground moistening.

In the selection of time that row plants, graft can carry out again row's cultivation after can also healing indoors 15 days with connecing with cultivation.3 Month the middle ten days and the last ten days, the Ching Ming Festival front and back, the row of completion plants before graft germination.

S8, grafting field management, take off film, remove stock.Film-uncovering time is determining according to transplanting time, the transplanting of 2 months, 15~ Film is taken off after 20 days；It was transplanted before March to Clear and Bright, takes off film within 10~15 days；It is transplanted after Clear and Bright, takes off film within 7 days or so.Temperature continuously surpasses Cross 20 DEG C, it should be noted that observation takes off film in time, prevents burn seedlings.Meanwhile anvil bud by growing out on stock is removed early, in order to avoid Influence the growth of fringe bud.

When grafting grows to 10cm or so, is shallowly cut, loosened the soil, weeding, and applying first time topdressing, applying compound fertilizer per acre 10kg~15kg or urea 5kg add calcium superphosphate 25kg.It when nursery stock grows to 30cm, weeds with a hoe, applies urea per acre 10kg, until applying urea 15kg mid-July per acre, late August applies urea 15kg per acre.Meanwhile, it is to be noted that irrigating and draining, nursery lot When arid, drought resisting of pouring water is carried out, pours water and is preferably carried out in the dusk, to be dipped into seedbed edge as degree, and accomplishes that speed fills speed row, no Make ponding.Excessive rainfall, dredges gutter in time, does not make nursery lot ponding.

Early July raises in conjunction with summer silkworm, and liftoff 50cm has one's hair trimmed, and only terminal bud is stayed to grow after axillary bud sprouting, late July pinching, Bud thinning only stays terminal bud to grow, and middle late fall appropriateness picking leaves is bred silkworms, and 6~8 liftings of leaf are stayed on branch top.

S9, lifting, lifting range want wide, guarantee that root system is not shorter than 20cm, as far as possible to retain root system more.Soil drought is hardened When, seedling root, which is easy to dig, to break, and digs seedling after pouring water.The nursery stock dug should not shine long under the sun, in case desiccation, reduces plant Survival rate.The lifting time generally fall leaves in the fall after to spring in next year sap flow progresses row, but soil freeze-up period should not dig seedling. Sichuan is best with transplantation of seedlings orchard establishment from autumn.After lifting, then nursery stock is classified by specification, quality；Grafting saves. The classification of nursery stock is classified referring to mulberry tree grafting quality grading index by different size, and nursery stock specification, quality and inspection are pressed Regulation in GB 19173-2003, GB 19177-2003 executes.Every 50 plants or 100 plants of ad eundem nursery stock are bundled into 1 bundle, And enclose the label for being labeled with the relevant informations such as variety name, grade, quantity, the place of production.

It is transplanted immediately after the good best lifting of mulberry grafting, the grafting for needing to be transferred must be saved indoors.It protects Depositing the time should not be too long, must complete to transplant before the de- bud of mulberry tree.Mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention is logical It crosses and makes standardization mulberry tree nursery garden, mulberry sapling survival rate can be improved, reduce mulberry tree seedling cost, the mulberry sapling cultivated is high-quality High yield is suitble to Sichuan Basin large-scale plantation, has positive guiding function to modern ecological sericulture there is developed.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiment and the description is only the present invention Principle, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these variation and Improvement is both fallen in the range of claimed invention, the present invention claims protection scope by appended claims and its Equivalent defines.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method, which comprises the steps of:

S1, the selection of mulberry kind, select Hybrid Mulberry kind, carry out germination percentage measurement prior to seeding；

S2, nursery are built, and selection the soil is porous fertile, good permeability sand loam, for soil pH value 6.5~7.0, irrigation and drainage are good Good, pollution-free source, soil moisture content turns in 70%~75% plot and does furrow, applies herbicide；

S3, beginning of spring temperature stablize ground temperature at 16 DEG C or more or underground 4.5cm can sow in spring or 5 at 20 DEG C or so Summer sowing is carried out in time after late autumn at the end of month harvest, and broadcasting sowing application rate per acre is 0.5~1.0kg, and seed and fine sand or fine earth is uniform It is sprinkling upon after mixing and stirring in whole good seedbed furrow face, Sang Zi uses straw, wheat husk, rice chaff, straw etc. to cover furrow face after sowing, and covers careless thickness Slightly to see that furrow face soil for degree, then waters, makes ground moistening, then film is covered, and two ropes are drawn on film, are used in combination Timber is fixed；

S4, seedling management keep irrigating, draining, throw off film in the expansion of most of seedling two panels cotyledon, apply fertilizer every 30 days Once, until before by the end of August, in growth period, pest and disease damage is prevented and treated in time and simultaneously applies cycocel；

S5, grafting prepare, before January sprouts to mulberry bud, clip 7~15mm of diameter, and the full no disease and pests harm branch conduct of hibernaculum Scion item, and the place of the humidity of darkness in plant；Then selection seedling diameter is in 5mm or more, and main root is complete, the fresh mulberry saplings of root system It is 15 DEG C~25 DEG C as stock, and in temperature, store 7~10 days in the environment that humidity is 80%~90%, it is optional when storage Area without shade, by stock and the ground placement at 45 ° that tilts, root is embedded in wet sand in parallel, above takes film arched shed；Or on the sunny side Ground paving plastic film within doors, the wet straw Bao Yan of surrounding, is optionally suitably mended wet；

S6, grafting, the seedling as stock stay the main root of 10cm or so, too long and injured lateral root are cut off, in seedling About 1cm cuts downwards the smooth ramp of left and right at 45 ° without lateral root side under rootstock, chooses excellent fringe bar, then " four knives one Cut " it is whittled into a scion: the first knife rises below the reverse side of bud at 0.8~1cm and cuts, and is whittled into the curve slope of 3~4cm long；The Two knives horizontal knife at inclined-plane 2.5cm prunes excessive portion；Third knife respectively slightly repairs a knife at inclined-plane two sides 1/2, makes bevel two sides Expose cyan inclined-plane with tip；4th knife, 1.5~2cm has gone out to cut below the front of bud, reams bast zone, retains xylem； Finally fringe head is cut at 0.5~0.8cm of upper end of fringe bud；Then the cortex that stock clip is pinched out with hand, makes and xylem Separation forms pocket-like cortex, and scion head inclined-plane is slowly inserted into cortex against stock cortex outward；

S7, graft storage and transplanting, after graft is carried out, 20 or 25 are bundled into a bundle, the graft triazolone tied Or carbendazim impregnates graft root system, carries out disinfection, then storage is stand-by；March, early and middle ten days were carried out to stand-by graft is stored Row plants；

S8, grafting field management, take off film, remove stock, when grafting grows to 10cm or so, are shallowly cut, are loosened the soil, weeding, And first time topdressing is applied, compound fertilizer 10kg~15kg is applied per acre or urea 5kg adds calcium superphosphate 25kg, when nursery stock grows to 30cm When, it weeds with a hoe, applies urea 10kg per acre, until applying urea 15kg mid-July per acre, late August applies urea 15kg per acre； Pay attention to irrigating and drain, is advisable with being dipped into seedbed edge；Early July raises in conjunction with summer silkworm, and liftoff 50cm has one's hair trimmed, after axillary bud sprouting Only terminal bud is stayed to grow, late July pinching, bud thinning only stay terminal bud to grow, and middle late fall appropriateness picking leaves is bred silkworms, branch top stay leaf 6~ 8 liftings；

S9, lifting, the root system of lifting are not shorter than 20cm, are then classified to nursery stock by specification, quality；Grafting saves.

2. mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1, choosing Taking local to grow directly from seeds, mulberry kind or osmanthus Sang You 12, Gui Sang are No. 62 excellent, Sang Te is No. 2 excellent, Gui Sang 5, Gui Sang 6, Yuesang 11, Guangdong mulberry No. 51, husky 2 × human relations 109,10 × human relations of the pool 109 be mulberry kind；Meanwhile germination percentage measurement is carried out prior to seeding, it is sent out before selecting the 5th day Bud rate accounts for the good mulberry kind of 70% or more germinating energy.

3. mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S2, institute State turn over do furrow comprising steps of

S201, nursery are ploughed, and the soil of spring nursery is ploughed in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, and the soil of seedling growing in summer should be received in preceding crop It is ploughed immediately after obtaining, for ploughing depth in 20~25cm or so, clay is slightly deep, and sand is slightly shallow；

S202, basal dressing use sufficient organic fertilizer when nursery lot is turned over as base manure, and it is decomposed for applying the quantity of base manure per acre Heap barnyard manure 1000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 100kg and calcium superphosphate 10kg；

S203, finishing seedbed first by the garden deep ploughed carry out rotary tillage, harrow even base manure, break up the clods before bedding, while surrounding is done Good irrigation and drainage ditch, by wide 200~300cm, high 20cm, furrow width 20cm outputs seedbed, and length is depending on landform；

S204, reason compartment bedding, by wide 120~150cm, furrow width 20cm bedding, finally rake pine flattens native face；

S205, spraying herbicide carry out a furrow face weeding with herbicide before graft row's cultivation.

4. mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S3, also Including the processing before sowing to nursery and seed: nursery lot is mixed soil with 40% Rogor of grain weight 1% after ploughing shallowly and is sprinkled into soil, then whole Ground bedding, or dressed seed with 50% phoxim of grain weight 0.1%；Seed is put into cloth bag, is impregnated 24 hours in clear water, after being filtered dry It is laid in disk, upper cover wet cloth, is rinsed 1~2 time and be filtered dry with clear water daily, not water breakthrough keeps wet, to mulberry for degree to try to get to the heart of a matter Sowing when son shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.

5. mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S7, transfer The storage of junctor includes: that graft is stored in the carton for being lined with plastic film, bubble chamber or containing in water sand cellar, is laterally piled up whole Together, humidity keeps 70%~80%, prevents mouldy or shrivelled, transplanting or outward transport after its healing；Or by graft 25 or 50 It is bundled into a bundle, every two bundles fringe head is opposite, and it is outside to connect root, is arranged in and is spread on remaining indoor damp sandy soil in advance, arranges one layer, covering The damp sandy soil of one layer of 5cm thickness, are limited with 4~5 layers, to control 5~8 DEG C of temperature in storage, relative humidity 75% or so, and Running check prevents from drying up, is mouldy, germination.

6. mulberry tree batch production grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that right in the step S7 Graft carry out row cultivation comprising steps of

S71, planting furrow is dug, deep 25cm, the planting furrow of wide 15cm or so, 25~30cm of drains spacing is opened on seedbed；

S72, it applies fertilizer to the subsoil, row first applies calcium superphosphate in bottom of trench before planting, and dosage is 100Kg/ mus；

S73, row plant graft, and graft is transplanted into nursery before germination, and the graft that scion loosens, stripping are first eliminated before transplanting It removes the anvil bud grown on stock, when plant, graft is leant against one side of ditch, seeding row spacing 5cm × 40cm, planting density is Every 30,000 plants/acre or so；

S74, earthing epiphragma, row are slightly compressed with fine earth when planting and connect root, are prevented scion loosening or are fallen off, earthing to the rigid drowning of fringe head or Micro- dew fringe top, prevents fringe head from drying, and after earthing, carries out all standing of compartment face using White plastic film, keeps ground moistening.