CN1125998A - 在多层电路板的相邻电路板层之间提供电连接的方法 - Google Patents
在多层电路板的相邻电路板层之间提供电连接的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种多层电路板,包括多层板的相邻电路板层之间的电连接。设置一通孔通过电路板层。通孔用通孔金属填满。用低熔点的金属镀覆通孔金属。在电路板层上镀覆粘接膜。多层电路板的相邻层重叠在一起,并对齐。在加热和加压下进行叠合。低熔点金属提供相邻层之间的电连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多层电路板。本发明尤其涉及对多层电路板的电路板层的电连接的改进以及实现这些连接的方法。
多层印刷电路板是一种公知技术,用于实现复杂的电路。(如此处所用的,电路板上有导电层的图案,以内连电气元件。导电层粘接到或者以其它方式熔合到绝缘基板上,绝缘基板给元件以机械支撑。这包括单面和双面板、多层结构、混合结构、多芯片模块、面板组件上的芯片等类似结构。导电轨可以用多种技术形成,例如:电镀、蚀刻、溅射镀、使用粘合剂进行机械连接等。基板可以是柔性的或刚性的,可以用各种适当的材料,例如聚合物、陶瓷、玻璃、硅等制成。)电路的元件之间的电连接由多层电路板上的电路板层来实现。电路设计者用多层电路板层可以编排出使用很多元件的、并且这些元件要求大量互连的复杂的电路设计。多层电路板提高了每个单位体积的元件密度和功能性。
多层电路板的每一电路板层承载电连接或导电层,它起到导线的作用,连接电路的各种元件。相邻电路板之间的电连接用“通孔”来实现。通孔是在相邻层之间形成孔来建立的。用导电材料填充该孔,形成两相邻层之间的电连接。
一般在制造印刷电路板(PCB)时(在其它情况下也称为印刷布线板或镀覆通孔技术),在多层电路板的每层上独立形成导电层。然后,在相邻层之间用电绝缘粘接层把多层电路板的电路板层彼此叠合和对齐。再对组装成的层加热和加压,使相邻层粘合。在适当的位置钻出通孔,互连顺序层上的压焊点(pad)。电连接是通过在通孔的侧壁上镀覆导电材料来实现的。已有技术要求金属通孔接触压焊点在电路板上有足够的面积以容纳钻头截面和/或非对准的情况。这些较大的压焊点面积限止了电路板的元件密度。为了形成隐孔,需要有额外的步骤。即,把上述结构作为子组件来处理,把几个结构叠合形成整块板。
半导体工艺的出现以及材料的改进,可以在比上述的印刷电路板更微小的尺寸上制作电路板。这些例子包括混合电路、多芯片模块(MCM)等。一般,MCM在航天、军事和超级计算机应用方面少量制造。一个例子是MCD—D。D是指镀覆技术,电路制作在无机非导电基片上,用薄膜技术制备铜或铝导电层以及有机或无机介电质。使用这些技术,通过一系列工艺,制作多层电路。这种技术可以制作非常细小的连线和通孔(盲孔、叠合和埋孔),得到比通过上述的通孔技术镀覆成的传统产品高得多的电路密度。然而,这提高的密度是成本更昂贵的工艺带来的,它通常是以顺序批量加工来实现的。批量加工并不有助于在大批量生产,但由于对一个不合格的层进行镀覆损坏了整个部件,所以按顺序制造导致了较低的成品率。
1991年9月10日公告的、名称为制造多层电路板的方法的、Daigle等的美国专利5,046,238描述了一在多层电路板的层与层之间进行连接的方法,援引在此,以作参考。这种技术要用到昂贵的含氟聚合物,并且在传统上它是难以加工的。加工难度包括粘接问题和需要高的叠合温度(700°F及以上)。另外,它是以批量形式进行加工的,不容易提高产量。发明内容
本发明提供一种以装配布线密度更高的多层电路板的改进的方法。本发明改进的是在多层电路板的相邻层之间形成连接的方法,可以按常规制造多层电路板,其上的重叠的隐藏的盲孔占的面积比通过通孔技术镀覆得到的盲孔占的面积要小。本发明不是如制造MCM一样的提高成本减少产量的制造方法。另外,采用并行加工来装配多层电路板,与按顺序加工的方法相比,减少了制造步骤,提高了成品的产量。每块电路板层是独立地制作的,可以在把它装入最终的部件之前对每一层进行检查。
在本发明的一个实施例中,通过电镀导电材料形成电路板层,它在电绝缘材料的一面上形成电路轨以及连接压焊点。然后在希望有通孔的位置在电绝缘材料上形成孔,使导电层暴露在电路板层的无电路的一面上。
在形成在电绝缘材料上的孔内用导电材料形成刚性突起,它突出电绝缘材料的表面之上,制成内连接点。然后,在突起或压焊点的表面上(更经常的是在两者上)镀覆导电金属,这能在突起和相邻层上的对应的压焊点之间形成电性能优异的金属粘接。
根据本发明的另一个方面,至少在如上述制作的电路板层的一个表面上镀覆一层电绝缘粘接材料。然后,把多个这种层对齐,并用一个叠合步骤加热加压把它们熔合在一起,形成多层电路板。突起表面上的金属与压焊点上的金属粘接,提供层与层之间的电连接,绝缘粘接材料形成机械粘接,保持层与层之间粘接在一起,并与通孔连接隔开。
上述的制造方法可以在批量加工、连续加工或这两种加工的结合中运用。用连续加工的方式制造能进行大批量的生产,它与在PCB和MCM制造中应用的批量型加工相比优点是明显的。在连续加工中进行大量制作的能力是本发明的重要方面。
在另一个实施例中,用上述的方法制作电路板层,并如上所述进行加热和加压来叠合,但,用各向异性导电的粘接剂代替绝缘粘接材料,通过设计,使它在电路层平面上电绝缘,而在该平面方向之外能导电。附图概述
图1是介电膜电路板层的截面图。
图2是图1的包括粘接胶和种子金属层的电路板的截面图。
图3是图2的包括已成图形的光刻胶的电路板层的截面图。
图4是图3的包括导电金属层的电路板层的截面图。
图5是图4的包括延伸通过电路板的通孔的电路板层的截面图。
图6是图5的除去光刻胶层和镀覆实心通孔之后的电路板层的截面图。
图7是图6的除去了粘接胶和种子金属层后的电路板层的截面图。
图8是图7的镀覆了金属覆盖层后的电路板层的截面图。
图9是图8的包括粘接膜和多层空间上分开的电路板层的电路板层的截面图。
图10是图9的按照本发明进行叠合以形成多层电路板之后的电路板层的截面图。
图11是测试样品的截面图。本发明的实施方式
图1至图11是截面图。为清晰起见,省略了剖面线。
图1示出了电路板层10的截面图。在一较佳实施例中,电路板层10包含预制聚合介电膜。所用的特定的介电膜是可选择的,然而,丝网聚酰亚胺是一种较好的例子。如图2所示,如果需要,可以在电路板层10的第一面上镀覆导电金属层和粘接层。粘接层帮助金属层粘接到介电膜上。粘接层的成份根据所用的金属和介电材料来选择。层12的外金属层部分可以包含铜或其它合适的导电金属,并可以用任何适当的方法进行镀覆。电镀是一种较好的。产生的金属层12起到以后镀覆的种子层的作用。
接着,如图3所示,镀覆光刻胶14。光刻胶14是用传统技术镀覆在电路板10上的标准的光刻胶。把光刻胶通过掩膜技术暴露于光的辐射线中。然后对光刻胶进生显影,除去部分光刻胶,使材料暴露,形成如图3所示的图形层14。
在光刻胶14形成图案之后,如图4所示,在暴露的粘接和导电金属层12上镀覆导电金属层16。在一较佳实施例中,导电金属层16为铜,通过电镀技术镀覆,使它仅形成在层12的暴露部分上。导电金属层16形成承载在电路板层10上的电路。导电金属层16为安装在完成的多层电路板上的元件提供互连的导电线路。此外,导电金属提供了电“压焊点”(pad),用于互连相邻的电路板层。上面的对介电材料电路化的讨论图示说明了一种在介电材料上镀覆电路轨的方法,然而,也可以用其它的方法在介电材料上镀覆导电层,而不改变本发明,例如增加或减少一些工艺,这些工艺包括喷涂、化学镀(无电镀)、干蚀刻等。
接着,如图5所示,在电路板层10上形成通孔18。在一较佳实施例中,用湿研磨(wet milling)技术形成通孔18。这可以包括应用诸如氢氧化钾等热流蚀刻。光刻胶层14和轨金属层16保护电路板层10部分。湿研磨持续足够的时间,确保通孔18完全延伸通过电路板层10至层12。
上段描述的本发明不必通过通孔技术的环状镀覆特征,因此,可以提高电路密度。在另一些实施例中,也可以用任何可用的湿或干研磨工艺形成通孔。干研磨的例子包括激光烧蚀、离子研磨、反应离子蚀刻、机械冲孔等,其中一些工艺形成的孔比机械钻孔产生的孔小得多。这产生了更小的通孔,进一步提高了电路密度。
一旦形成了通孔,如图6所示,就除去承载在电路板10两面上的光刻胶层14,用通孔金属20镀覆电路板10。通孔金属20可以单独或与导电金属层16同时镀覆在板反面上。通孔金属通过层12与导电金属层16电接触,并形成“突起”或“隆起”,延伸到电路板10的上表面之上。根据本发明,该突起用于电连接相邻电路板层。通孔金属20应当具有良好的导电性和相对于焊料有高的熔化温度。通孔金属20较佳的熔化温度应高于500℃。导电金属层16形成电“压焊点”,它与相邻电路板层的通孔金属突起接触。对粘接和种子金属层12进行蚀刻,并从电路板层10的电路一面上除去。这一步骤除去了小部分导电金属层16。这图示在图7的截面图上。
接着,如图8所示,在通孔金属20和导电金属层16上镀覆第二金属层22。在一个实施例中,第二金属覆盖层22由低熔点金属(相对于其它金属层为低)组成,用于与相邻电路板层上的压焊点相熔合。在层与层之间形成稳定的电连接。突起和压焊点可以具有相同或不同的冶金特性,金属的特性必须足以提供稳定的电粘接,但不能软熔,引起与相邻连接的短路。可用于这一覆盖层的合适的金属包括锡—铅、焊锡、锡、金—锡合金或其它金属等。层22可以通过电镀、化学镀、喷镀或其它工艺镀覆。在突起的压焊点上用化学镀工艺镀覆锡是一种冶金特性较好的例子。覆盖金属层的熔化温度的上限不能超过聚合膜层10或粘接层58、24、60和62的分解温度。虽然在本实施例中分界表面的冶金特性具有软熔性,但并不是金属必须熔化。其它的实施例包括用如冷焊接、超声波焊接等类似工艺等其它手段进行焊接。最好就用触点焊接来进行连接。最好能以连续输送滚动的滚动工艺来完成所有上述制造步骤,这能提高产量、降低成本,但这并不是必须的。
图9示也了包括放置在相邻层之间的电绝缘粘接膜24在内的电路板层10。另外,图9也示出了根据前述的本发明制备的电路板层26、28、30和32,电路板层26—32分别包括导电金属层34、36、38和40。在电路板层26、28、30和32的通孔内分别镀覆有通孔金属42、44、46和48。在电路板26、28、30和32的轨金属层34、36、38和40以及通孔金属42、44、46和48上分别镀覆有金属覆盖层50、52、54和56。如图9所示,本发明能较好地适用于形成盲孔和埋孔,以及如通孔44、46和42、20所示的叠成的通孔。在电路板层26、10、28和30以及分开的相邻的电路板层上镀覆电绝缘粘接膜层58、24、60和62。虽然发现环氧树脂化合物较好,但所用的特定的聚合物是可选择的。虽然图9仅示出了5层,但应理解,本发明受到所示的组合形成互连结构的多层电路板层的限制。还应注意,这种连接可以用以把单层或多层连接成一刚性结构。例如,对一个柔性的电路,在曲拆处设置突起,在板上设置压焊点可以把柔性的电路固定到印刷电路板上。
在形成了电路板层10、26、28、30和32之后,如图9所示,把电路板层相叠合并对齐。具体地说,把一层的通孔金属突起层对准其相邻层上的对应的压焊点上。可以用任何合适的手段来进行对齐。用对齐短柱的机械对齐方法是较好的一种。
在电路板层10和26—32如图9对齐之后,对它们进行加热和加压来叠合,形成图10所示的结构。叠合引起电接触,其中一层上的通孔金属的“突起”与相邻层的电衬势接触,并且低熔点金属熔合在一起。同时,粘接层熔结在一起,形成机械粘接,是电路板层结合在一起,并与电接触点相绝缘。叠合条件是可选择的,并与聚合物与所有的冶金特性有关。可用的压力范围为0.15MPa—5MPa,较好的在0.3MPa—3.5MPa,更好是0.7—1.7MPa。叠合的温度范围是80℃—425℃,较好的是130—350℃,更好是175—280℃。金属—金属之间的粘接瞬时形成,因此,叠合时间取决于粘接材料的粘接时所选的温度。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,如上所述制造电路板层。然后用如金、锡、镍、钯等导电金属镀覆突起和电路。在本发明的该实施例中,如图9所示用于粘接层的电绝缘粘接材料58、24、60和62为各向异性导电的粘接剂。这些粘接剂能在一个方向上导电,而在另两个方向上绝缘。在该实施例中,金属压焊点与突起之间不是直接金属粘接。电接触是通过压在给出的突起和其对应的压焊点之间的非常薄的粘接层来完成的。在3M公司拥有的1992年9月1日公告的美国专利5,143,285上描述了这种各向异性导电的粘接剂的一个例子。这种粘接剂被构制成当粘接剂受热受压而被挤压进行粘接时,散布在树脂内的较小的导电颗粒被夹在突起和接触压焊点之间,并被挤压。在突起和接触压焊点之间形成电接触。粘接剂固化,夹住该位置上的颗粒。对于这种粘接,不需要金属软熔,因此,叠合可以在低于接合面金属的熔点的温度下进行。
图11示出了具有电路板层72和74的测试样品70。电路板层72承载铜质层76,电路板层74承载铜质层78。根据本发明,“突起”80、82、84和86在铜质层76和铜质层78之间延伸,并与铜质层78接触。绝缘介电粘接层88把电路板72与电路板24分开。
制作了6个与样品70相似的样品。每个样品总计有16个“突起”。在铜质层76和铜质层之间进行电阻测量。所有6个样品的电阻值均小于0.10欧姆。把电路板72与74拉开,可以单独检查各“突起”。在拉开样品时,大多数突起都转移到铜质层78上,所以可以单独测试各突起。用一个四点测试器,各突起的电阻小于0.10欧姆。探测到电阻测量值低至0.5毫欧姆。
在叠合本发明的电路板层时,可以使粘接剂覆盖住边缘;使边缘密封。这改善了在高湿和高温下电连接的可靠性。用这些例子的方法制造的样品经受85℃和相对湿度85%条件下的湿度老化测试超过1000小时。
在另一个例子中,从柔性开普顿(Kapton)聚酰亚胺基片制造的许多样品与图11的相似,4X5英寸排列的突起,间距为40mil,突起直径和高度分别小于200和25μm,并把一锡的覆盖金属粘接到镀锡铜质的基片上。把可从Saint Paul的3M公司买到的高性能的9900环氧树脂粘接膜用作粘接剂。在450°F和500Psi下进行叠合30分钟。在粘接之后,蚀刻周围的铜材,使各通孔绝缘,并测得单个通孔的电阻小于10毫欧。在用光学和电子扫描显微术检相切开的样品时表现出突起—压焊点的界面上的锡软熔,表示良好的电接触。还制造出具有多层这种层结构的样品。
本发明改进了多层电路板的相邻电路板层之间的电连接。本发明的电路板层的制造工艺是基于已经在TAB和柔性电路中大量生产的精密分布的金属化电路层的工艺的改进。用于组装本发明的电路板的叠合技术是基于传统的高产量生产的印刷电路板。本发明包括简单的经改进的电连接方法,它把这两种发展较好的技术结合在一起,生产连接密度在高密度电路范围内的电路板,但它是用传统的技术和以成本相当低的材料来制造的。由于所有的电路都是在叠合之前制作好的,因此,可以在叠合成完整的多层结构之前检查每一电路层,从而提高成品率。而且,用所谓的并行工艺的单一叠合步骤制造电路板比已有技术大大节省了成本。本发明提供了一种通孔形成方法,用这种方法产生的通孔比现存的PCB技术更小得多,不需附加工艺就能填复、填塞和层叠。本发明还提供了一具有一些固有柔性的基片。本发明可以在较宽的范围内选用用于形成各电路板层的介电膜。虽然图示说明了“突起”与压焊点接触,但本发明也可以用一个“突起”与另一个“突起”接触。
虽然已经参照最佳实施例描述了本发明,但本技术领域的熟练人员将理解,可以对形式和细节作改动而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。例如,通孔可以通过诸如激光烧蚀、反应离子蚀刻、机械冲孔、成像、化学研磨、机械形成、铸造等湿或干工艺形成。也可以用与描述的不同的粘接剂和介电材料。可以完全除去粘接层用合适的膜粘接到相邻层上来代替介电基层。例,合适的聚酰胺等类似的材料。本发明可以用于形成多芯片模块、双金属(地平面)带自动粘接带以及其它微电子连接装置。
Claims (10)
1.一种进行多层连接的方法,包含:
在第一电路板层的第一面上镀覆导电金属;
形成一个通孔,其在第一电路板层的第一面和第二面之间延伸,其中,通孔延伸至导电金属层;
在通孔内镀覆通孔金属,所述通孔金属形成从所述第一电路板层的第二面上的所述通孔向外的隆起;
在第二电路板层的第一面上镀覆电接触点;
把第一电路板层与第二电路板层对齐,把粘接剂夹在第一和第二电路板层之间,第二电路板层的电接触点与第一电路板层的通孔对齐;
把第一电路板层叠合到第二电路板上,第一电路板层的通孔金属与第二电路板层的电接触点电接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,形成通孔包含湿或干研磨第一电路板层。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,干研磨包含用激光烧蚀,以在第一电路板层内制造通孔。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包含用低熔点金属镀覆通孔金属。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,镀覆电接触点包含镀覆导电金属层,导电金属层形成压焊点,作为电接触点。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括至少把三层电路板层叠合到第一和第二电路板层上。
7.一种多层连接,包含:
第一电路板层,具有第一和第二面,第一电路板层包括一个通孔,从第一面延伸通过第一电路板到第二面上;
镀覆在第一电路板板层的第一面上的导电金属层;
承载在第一电路板层的通孔内的导电通孔金属,导电通孔材料与导电金属电接触,在第一电路板层的第二面上的通孔外形成隆起;
具有第一面的第二电路板;
在第一电路板层的第一面和第二电路板层的第一面之间的粘接剂;
在第二电路板层的第一面上的电接触点,该电接触点与通孔和导电通孔材料对齐,导电通孔材料在导电金属和电接触点之间提供导电通路。
8.如权利要求7所述的多层连接,其特征在于,第一和第二电路板层了聚合物膜。
9.一种进行多层连接的方法,包含:
形成第一电路板,它具有一在第一面和第二面之间延伸的通孔,通孔延伸到承载在第一面上的导电金属层上,通孔承载导电通孔材料,以与导电金属层电接触,并在第一电路板层的第二面上的通孔外形成隆起;
形成第二电路板层,它具有电接触点,承载在第一面上;
把第一电路板层与第二电路板层对齐,其中,第一电路板的通孔基本上与第二电路板层的电接触点对齐;
把第一电路板层叠合到第二电路板层上,第一电路板层的导电通孔材料与第二电路板层的电接触点电接触。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括,把至少三块电路板层叠合到第一和第二电路板层上。
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CN101901971B (zh) * | 2006-04-12 | 2012-07-04 | 日立化成工业株式会社 | 电路连接用粘接膜、电路部件的连接结构以及电路部件的连接方法 |
CN101901972B (zh) * | 2006-04-12 | 2012-07-04 | 日立化成工业株式会社 | 电路连接用粘接膜、电路部件的连接结构以及电路部件的连接方法 |
CN100454669C (zh) * | 2007-07-26 | 2009-01-21 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 电性连接装置、包含该电性连接装置的电子装置及电子产品 |
WO2017012233A1 (zh) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | 惠州绿草电子科技有限公司 | 一种叠加式电路板制造方法及叠加式电路板 |
CN105578738A (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-11 | 上海交通大学 | 基于弹性衬底的可拉伸电路板的制备方法及可拉伸电路板 |
CN105578738B (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2019-01-25 | 上海交通大学 | 基于弹性衬底的可拉伸电路板的制备方法及可拉伸电路板 |
CN108322997A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-07-24 | 苏州诺莱声科技有限公司 | 一种柔性印刷电路板及吸声增强型超声换能器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5601678A (en) | 1997-02-11 |
JPH08510868A (ja) | 1996-11-12 |
WO1994029897A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
US5401913A (en) | 1995-03-28 |
EP0702847A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
KR960702938A (ko) | 1996-05-23 |
CA2162499A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
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