CN111406569B - Seedling culture method for culturing large full-crown seedlings of rubber trees - Google Patents

Seedling culture method for culturing large full-crown seedlings of rubber trees Download PDF

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CN111406569B
CN111406569B CN202010333526.7A CN202010333526A CN111406569B CN 111406569 B CN111406569 B CN 111406569B CN 202010333526 A CN202010333526 A CN 202010333526A CN 111406569 B CN111406569 B CN 111406569B
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rubber
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CN111406569A (en
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陈先红
王军
王新龙
姚行成
陈健
周珺
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Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
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Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling raising method for culturing large full-crown seedlings of rubber trees. According to the method, the large-scale full-crown rubber tree seedlings are planted, so that labor for tending the rubber tree in the non-production period is reduced, the competitiveness of the rubber tree seedlings in the non-production period is improved, the non-production period is shortened, and the rubber tree can enter the cutting-capable period 1-3 years earlier than the conventional planting. The method has the advantages of short seedling period, low cost, good seedling quality, high planting efficiency and survival rate, can enrich the planting time of the rubber trees, relieve the problem of irregular forest facies caused by seedling supplement after planting, reduce the adverse effect of weeds or intercropping crops on the rubber seedlings in the non-production period, provide a new choice for the planting material of the rubber trees, is suitable for planting in flatter forest lands or sloping lands, and can improve the seedling preservation rate of the rubber seedlings after planting and reduce the tending cost in the non-production period.

Description

Seedling culture method for culturing large full-crown seedlings of rubber trees
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, relates to a seedling raising method, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for cultivating large-scale full-crown seedlings of rubber trees.
Background
A large-scale rubber tree seedling such as a high cut seedling has the advantages that in order to keep the cut seedling with the stem length of about 2.5m (the position 100cm above the ground) and the stem circumference of more than 8cm and is subjected to bolting, the seedling keeps the growth amount of more than 1 year in the early stage, has strong stress resistance, is favorable for overwintering, can reduce livestock damage, is suitable for being used as a supplementing and planting changing material, and is also used for small-area field planting, the non-productive period can be shortened, a rubber garden forest established by the large-scale seedling has the advantages of neat phases, higher cutting rate when the rubber tree is cut and the like, but before outplanting, time-consuming and complicated root pretreatment is required (a ditch with different depths is dug at a position 25cm away from a plant on one side of the seedling, a main root is cut off from the ditch, soil is recovered, a lateral root on the other side is cut off after about 30 days, the outplanting is carried out), branches and leaves are trimmed in advance, the top end is cut, after the top end is sprouted, when outplanting, the nursery, the stem circumference of the larger, the larger the length of the main root is required to be longer, for keeping, such as the stem circumference of the high cut seedling is more than 9cm, the length of the main root is more than 45cm, the stem is surrounded by the high cut stem seedling with more than 11cm, and the length of the main root is more than 50 cm. When the rubber trees are cut to be dry at high height and are taken out of the nursery, bare-rooted seedlings (the weight of the whole seedlings is about 2kg) are fixedly planted in forest sections, the planting survival rate is influenced by weather conditions, planting worker cultivation techniques and the like, the planting survival rate is unstable, the best one-time planting survival rate is less than 80 percent, multiple additional planting is needed, and the forest facies uniformity is influenced.
Aiming at the problem of high cut-stem, big bagged rubber tree seedlings with 5-6 fluffy leaves are developed, the seedlings are large-size plastic nutrition bags, the flat placement size of the bags is 45-50 cm 36-45 cm (length and width), the growth amount of the seedlings in the early stage can be kept for about 1 year, the non-production period of the field can be shortened by half a year to 1 year, but the bagged big seedlings are heavy (about 50kg), the roof fluffy leaves are required to be stable, the bags are agglomerated by soil, and the seedling raising, transportation and planting costs are high. It is suitable for use as planting material for gentle glue garden or as repairing and replacing material for other glue garden.
However, the funnel type container seedling method has the defects that the labor for cultivation in a nursery stage is high (due to suspended cultivation, the seedlings are prone to dry due to low watering frequency, the seedlings grow and stop leaves due to untimely fertilization, the top end advantage of the stems in the space of the container is lost after the roots grow in the later stage, the buds are frequently wiped due to the fact that a large number of side buds are promoted to grow, the cost of the seedling container is high (due to the fact that a specific support frame needs to be customized to fix the funnel type container, the cost of the funnel type container is high), the roots of the seedlings are prone to being scalded by high temperature on the ground due to the characteristics of the container during field planting, the labor for seedling supplement needs to be increased, and forest phase regularity is affected.
The large seedlings grown by the high-cut stem, large-bag seedling culture and funnel-shaped containers have long time, large area occupied by nursery gardens and high seedling culture cost. The requirements of high-cut-dry outplanting technology, field planting season and field planting technology are strict, large-bag seedlings are large, heavy, transported and field planting, labor and time are wasted, the cultivation of the seedling nursery stage with a funnel-shaped container is labor and time wasted, and the root system is seriously damaged due to untimely planting. The respective complex technical characteristics of the three types of seedlings lead to difficult popularization and application in the production of rubber seedlings.
The concave-convex surrounding planting plate in the porous root control device is designed by adopting the air root pruning principle, has the characteristics of making the lateral roots thick and strong, preventing the lateral roots from coiling, increasing the number of the lateral roots, relatively inhibiting the growth speed of the main roots, having good drainage and ventilation property, high transplanting survival rate and the like, and avoids the problems that the main roots grow too fast and the lateral roots grow too little and develop relatively weakly in the conventional seedling raising bag seedling raising. The root control device is combined with a corresponding seedling culture medium to culture seedlings, compared with conventional seedling culture bag seedling culture, the root control device can shorten the seedling culture period (up to 50 percent), reduce the labor for nursery (about 50-70 percent), increase the number of root systems (up to 30 times), is convenient to fix and fix, is applied to landscape greening, rare tree species and high-value-added seedlings, but is rarely researched and applied to rubber tree seedling culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the seedling culture method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees, which has the advantages of short seedling culture period, low cost, good seedling quality, high field planting efficiency and survival rate, can enrich the field planting time of the rubber trees, relieve the problem of irregular forest phase caused by seedling filling after planting and reduce the adverse effect of weeds or intercropped crops on the rubber seedlings in the non-production period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the seedling culture method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: selecting a porous root controller made of a PVC polyethylene composite material, wherein the porous root controller is a cylindrical seedling raising container consisting of a surrounding planting plate and a chassis, the surrounding planting plate consists of small protrusions with concave-convex alternate side walls, and the chassis of the porous root controller is 12-20 cm in diameter and 30-40 cm high;
(2) embryo seedling selection: directly sowing rubber seeds into a porous root control device, and carrying out bud grafting when the month age of the seedlings reaches 3-6 months; the seedlings which are already budded and survived are budded and grafted; a naked rooted seedling that has germinated; one or more of 1-3 bag seedlings of fluffy leaves.
(3) Selecting a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is pure coconut husk subjected to high-temperature sterilization;
(4) nursery tending pipe: after the embryonic seedlings begin to recover to grow, applying 1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution once a month, culturing until 3-8 fluffy leaves are obtained and the fluffy leaves are stably aged, and then outplanting; wherein the compound fertilizer water solution is prepared according to the following steps: the weight ratio of urea is 4: 1, N in the compound fertilizer: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15; the control of powdery mildew, anthracnose and scale insect is the same as the conventional method;
(5) hardening seedlings and planting: preparing for 15-20 days before outplanting, moving the porous root control device, trimming the root system growing out of the base plate, watering in time, and controlling water 2 days before outplanting; when transplanting, the porous root controller is removed, the container seedling is put in, and sufficient bottom water is poured after soil is returned.
Preferably, when the porous root controller is assembled, the long side surface of the planting plate, which is not provided with the small holes, is arranged above the planting plate, so that water can be stored conveniently after watering, and the side wall is provided with the small holes and arranged outside, so that root control can be conveniently carried out by utilizing the air root-pruning principle.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is applied in an amount of 100ml per plant.
Preferably, the soil is returned without treading on the root ball as is done with conventional bagged seedlings.
The seedling culture method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has the advantages of short seedling culture period, low cost, good seedling quality, high planting efficiency and high survival rate;
2. the method can enrich the field planting time of the rubber trees, relieve the problem of irregular forest stand caused by seedling supplement after planting, and reduce the adverse effect of weeds or intercropping crops on the rubber seedlings in a non-production period;
3. the invention provides a new choice for the field planting material of the rubber tree seedlings, better solves the problems of irregular forest facies caused by seedling filling after planting and adverse effects of weeds or intercropping crops on the rubber seedlings in the non-production period, is suitable for planting in flatter forest lands or sloping lands, and can improve the seedling preservation rate of the rubber seedlings after planting and reduce the tending cost in the non-production period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the stem growth after planting of different large-sized full crown rubber seedlings according to example 1;
note: the data in the figure are mean ± sd, n is 6.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The seedling raising method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: selecting a porous root controller made of a PVC polyethylene composite material, wherein the porous root controller is a cylindrical seedling raising container consisting of a surrounding planting plate and a base plate, wherein the surrounding planting plate consists of small bulges with concave-convex alternate side walls, and the cylindrical seedling raising container consists of the base plate; the size specification of the porous root-control seedling-raising container is that the diameter of a chassis is 20cm, and the height of the chassis is 30 cm;
(2) embryo seedling selection: hot grinding 7-33-97 of 2-3 fluffy leaf bag-cultured rubber tree tissue culture seedlings as rootstocks, and taking buds which are distant and close to the genetic relationship with the hot ground 7-33-97 tissue culture seedlings as scions, wherein the scions comprise self-grafting parents RRIM600 and PR107 and contrast hot ground 7-33-97 nursery buds;
(3) selecting a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is pure coconut husk which has been sterilized at high temperature;
(4) nursery tending pipe: hot grinding 7-33-97 bag-removed tissue culture seedlings of 2-3 fluffy leaves of the bag-cultured rubber trees, culturing in a porous root control container, starting bud grafting after the fluffy leaves are stable, sawing rods after the bud grafting survives, applying 100ml of compound fertilizer (urea is added to compound fertilizer with the ratio of N: P: K of 15: 15: 15) aqueous solution per month after the bud grafting is extracted, and culturing the bud-grafted seedlings to 3-4 fluffy leaves; wherein the control of powdery mildew is the same as the conventional method;
(5) hardening seedlings and planting for about 15-20 days before outplanting, moving a seedling container, trimming off root systems growing out of the chassis, watering in time, and controlling water 2 days before outplanting; removing the porous root control device during transplanting, putting the container seedlings, returning soil (the soil cannot be stepped on and pressed by root balls as the conventional bagged seedlings are planted) and then watering the soles with water;
in example 1 of the present invention, a batch of large-scale full-crown test seedlings with rubber tree tissue culture seedlings as rootstocks are planted in the test field of tropical agrology academy of sciences in 2015 and 4 months, the growth conditions of the seedlings after planting are shown in fig. 1, and the average stem circumference growth amounts after 5 years are respectively 6.02cm (hot ground 7-33-97 tissue culture seedlings do not bud), 6.69cm (hot ground 7-33-97 tissue culture seedlings do self-grafting), 6.54cm (hot ground 7-33-97 tissue culture seedlings do hot ground 7-33-97 nursery sprout pieces), 5.30cm (hot ground 7-33-97 tissue culture seedlings do RRIM600) and 4.91cm (hot ground 7-33-97 tissue culture seedlings do PR107), which are equivalent to the stem circumference growth of other bag-cultured rubber seedlings in production.
Example 2
The seedling raising method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: selecting a porous root controller made of a PVC polyethylene composite material, wherein the porous root controller is a cylindrical seedling raising container consisting of a surrounding planting plate and a base plate, wherein the surrounding planting plate consists of small bulges with concave-convex alternate side walls, and the cylindrical seedling raising container consists of the base plate; the size specification of the porous root-control seedling-raising container is that the diameter of a chassis is 20cm, and the height is 40 cm;
(2) embryo seedling selection: 2, growing the seedling bud grafting seedling in the bag of the fluffy leaves;
(3) selecting a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is pure coconut husk which has been sterilized at high temperature;
(4) nursery tending pipe: removing the bags of the bud-grafted seedlings of the bagged plantlets with 2 fluffy leaves, and then placing the bud-grafted seedlings in a porous root control container for culturing until 4-6 fluffy leaves are obtained; applying 100ml of compound fertilizer (N: P: K ratio is compound fertilizer and urea with 15: 15: 15: 15) water solution of 1% per plant once a month; wherein the control of powdery mildew is the same as the conventional method;
(5) hardening seedlings and planting: preparing water control 2 days before outplanting, moving a seedling container on the outplanting day, trimming the root system growing out of the chassis, and loading the seedling container on a truck for outplanting; when transplanting, the porous root controller is removed, the container seedling is put in, and water is poured into the sole after soil is returned (the soil cannot be stepped on and pressed by root balls as the conventional bag seedling is planted).
In the embodiment 2 of the invention, a batch of small seedling bud grafting large-scale full-crown test seedlings are planted in the Honda 7 team of the Hai Gu group Honglin stand company in 2017 in 10 months, the growth conditions of the seedlings in 29 months after planting are shown in the table 1, the seedlings and bananas are intercropped, and the growth is seriously influenced because the bananas completely shade the conventional bag seedling, so that statistics is not carried out.
TABLE 1 Stem girth growth of 7-team red field seedlings after 29 months of large-scale full crown test seedling bud grafting
Figure BDA0002465794280000051
Note: the pumpkin is intercropped in the same year in the land parcels 1 and 2, and the banana is intercropped in the 2 nd year after planting. About 550 plants were planted in plot 1, 60 plants were randomly sampled, about 500 plants were planted in plot 2, and 51 plants were randomly sampled. Data are mean ± sd.
Example 3
The seedling raising method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: selecting a porous root controller made of a PVC polyethylene composite material, wherein the porous root controller is a cylindrical seedling raising container consisting of a surrounding planting plate and a base plate, wherein the surrounding planting plate consists of small bulges with concave-convex alternate side walls, and the cylindrical seedling raising container consists of the base plate; the size specification of the porous root-control seedling-raising container is that the diameter of a chassis is 20cm, the height of the chassis is 40cm, the diameter of the chassis is 15cm, and the height of the chassis is 40 cm;
(2) embryo seedling selection: 2, growing the seedling bud grafting seedling in the bag of the fluffy leaves; the sprouted and survived seedlings bud and graft seedlings;
(3) selecting a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is pure coconut husk which has been sterilized at high temperature;
(4) nursery tending pipe: removing the bags of the bud-grafted seedlings of the bagged plantlets with 2 fluffy leaves, and then placing the bud-grafted seedlings in a porous root control container for culturing until 5-6 fluffy leaves are obtained; placing the bud-grafted seedling in a porous root control container with a chassis diameter of 15cm and a height of 40cm for culturing until 4 bur leaves are obtained, and applying 100ml of a compound fertilizer (N: P: K ratio is 15: 15: 15, compound fertilizer is added with urea, and compound fertilizer is urea 4: 1) aqueous solution once a month; wherein the control of powdery mildew is the same as the conventional method;
(5) hardening seedlings and planting: preparing water control 2 days before outplanting, moving a seedling container on the outplanting day, trimming the root system growing out of the chassis, and loading the seedling container on a truck for outplanting; when transplanting, the porous root controller is removed, the container seedling is put in, and water is poured into the sole after soil is returned (the soil cannot be stepped on and pressed by root balls as the conventional bag seedling is planted).
In the example 3 of the invention, a batch of large full-crown test seedlings of seedlings/seedling bud grafting seedlings were planted in two plots of three teams in a test field of the Chinese tropical agricultural academy of sciences in 2018, and the growth conditions 18 months after planting are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 three groups of seedlings/seedlings bud grafting of the test field Large-Scale full crown test seedlings after 18 months of the stem growth
Figure BDA0002465794280000061
Note: the stem thickness is the diameter measured with a vernier caliper. The land parcel 1 is a large-scale whole-crown seedling of a seedling bud grafting seedling, and the land parcel 2 is a large-scale whole seedling of a seedling bud grafting seedling. Data are mean ± sd.
Example 4
The seedling raising method for culturing the large-scale full-crown seedlings of the rubber trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: selecting a porous root controller made of a PVC polyethylene composite material, wherein the porous root controller is a cylindrical seedling raising container consisting of a surrounding planting plate and a base plate, wherein the surrounding planting plate consists of small bulges with concave-convex alternate side walls, and the cylindrical seedling raising container consists of the base plate; the size specification of the porous root-control seedling-raising container is that the diameter of a chassis is 20cm, the height of the chassis is 40cm, the diameter of the chassis is 15cm, and the height of the chassis is 40 cm;
(2) embryo seedling selection: 2, bud grafting of the bag-bred plantlet of the fluffy leaves and bud grafting of the survival plantlet;
(3) selecting a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is pure coconut husk which has been sterilized at high temperature;
(4) nursery tending pipe: removing the bags of the bud-grafted seedlings of the bagged plantlets with 2 fluffy leaves, and then placing the bud-grafted seedlings in a porous root control container for culturing until 5-8 fluffy leaves are obtained; placing the bud-grafted seedling of the bud-grafted living seedling in a porous root control container with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 40cm on a chassis for culturing until 4-5 bur leaves are obtained, and applying 100ml of aqueous solution of 1% compound fertilizer (N: P: K ratio is 15: 15: 15, compound fertilizer and urea, and the compound fertilizer: urea is 4: 1) once a month; wherein the control of powdery mildew is the same as the conventional method;
(5) hardening seedlings and planting: preparing water control 2 days before outplanting, moving a seedling container on the outplanting day, trimming the root system growing out of the chassis, and loading the seedling container on a truck for outplanting; when transplanting, the porous root controller is removed, the container seedling is put in, and water is poured into the sole after soil is returned (the soil cannot be stepped on and pressed by root balls as the conventional bag seedling is planted).
In example 4 of the present invention, a batch of large full-crown test seedlings of seedlings/seedling bud-grafted seedlings were planted in two plots of 19 teams of Yangjiang branch corporation of Hai jiao group in 2019 in 6 months, and the growth conditions after 10 months of planting are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Yangjiang division 19 team plantlet/seedling bud grafting Large Whole crown test seedling 10 months after planting
Figure BDA0002465794280000071
Note: thick stem, diameter measured with a vernier caliper. The land parcel 1 is a large-scale whole-crown seedling of a seedling bud grafting seedling, and the land parcel 2 is a large-scale whole seedling of a seedling bud grafting seedling. Data are mean ± sd.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A seedling raising method for culturing large full-crown seedlings of rubber trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: selecting a porous root controller made of a PVC polyethylene composite material, wherein the porous root controller is a cylindrical seedling raising container consisting of a surrounding planting plate and a chassis, the surrounding planting plate consists of small protrusions with concave-convex alternate side walls, and the chassis of the porous root controller is 12-20 cm in diameter and 30-40 cm high;
(2) embryo seedling selection: directly sowing rubber seeds into a porous root control device, and carrying out bud grafting when the month age of the seedlings reaches 3-6 months; the seedlings which are already budded and survived are budded and grafted; a naked rooted seedling that has germinated; 1-3 one or more of bagged seedlings of the fluffy leaves;
(3) selecting a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is pure coconut husk subjected to high-temperature sterilization;
(4) nursery tending pipe: after the embryonic seedlings begin to recover to grow, applying 1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution once a month, culturing until 3-8 fluffy leaves are obtained and the fluffy leaves are stably aged, and then outplanting; wherein the compound fertilizer water solution is prepared according to the following steps: the weight ratio of urea is 4: 1, N in the compound fertilizer: p: the K ratio is 15: 15: 15;
(5) hardening seedlings and planting: preparing for 15-20 days before outplanting, moving the porous root control device, trimming the root system growing out of the base plate, watering in time, and controlling water 2 days before outplanting; when transplanting, the porous root controller is removed, the container seedling is put in, and sufficient bottom water is poured after soil is returned.
2. The seedling raising method for raising large-scale full-crown seedlings of rubber trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the porous root controller is assembled, the long side surface of the planting plate, which is not provided with the small holes, is arranged above the planting plate, and the side wall is provided with the small holes and is arranged outside the planting plate.
3. The seedling raising method for raising large-scale full-crown seedlings of rubber trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100ml per plant.
4. The seedling raising method for raising large-scale full-crown seedlings of rubber trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: the root ball cannot be stepped on when the soil returns.
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