CN114766217B - Cutting propagation method of vanilla - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method of vanilla Download PDFInfo
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- CN114766217B CN114766217B CN202210593068.XA CN202210593068A CN114766217B CN 114766217 B CN114766217 B CN 114766217B CN 202210593068 A CN202210593068 A CN 202210593068A CN 114766217 B CN114766217 B CN 114766217B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 244000263375 Vanilla tahitensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-QHBHMFGVSA-N 24-Epibrassinolide Natural products C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-QHBHMFGVSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001099 axilla Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000045069 Agrocybe aegerita Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005980 Gibberellic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008121 Agrocybe aegerita Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001138370 Pleurotus pulmonarius Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010254 Jasminum officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005385 Jasminum sambac Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting propagation method of vanilla, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of cutting matrix; (2) preparing seedling raising plug trays; (3) raising seedlings; (4) management: spraying bactericide after cutting for 1d-2d, and spraying or spraying compound fertilizer solution at 15 d; at 25d, the coconut grains on the stem section of the mother vine are scraped off, cut in the middle of the stem section of the mother vine, so that the stem section of the mother vine forms a single leaf and a single hole state, then a bud-promoting agent is sprayed, and the cut is disinfected; spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time after 30d, and then spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer at intervals of 7-10 d; (5) when the buds grow to more than 30cm, the buds can be transplanted out of the nursery. The invention uses the plug to cut the mother vine for raising seedlings, after inducing each stem node of the mother vine to root, the stem node is cut into single (leaf) node for accelerating germination, which can reduce the infection disease of the incision, reduce the occurrence of soft (stem) rot, promote the stem node to sprout early, and improve the emergence quantity and the seedling rate of the mother spike in unit length.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation containers and cultivation, in particular to a cutting propagation method of vanilla.
Background
At present, the propagation mode of the vanilla seedlings is mainly cutting propagation. In production, the robust stem segments (mother vines) with the lengths of 60-80cm or 3-5 knots are mostly adopted to be directly planted in a field for production, or are subjected to cuttage on a seedbed, and are cultivated into cutting seedlings and then planted out of a nursery. The seedling raising method has the advantages that the seedling raising method has the problems that the requirement for the parent vines is large, the early-stage management cost of seedling raising is high, large-scale planting is not suitable, and the like, root systems are easy to damage when the cuttings seedlings are raised, the quality and the later-stage growth of the seedlings are affected, water needs to be sprayed for moisture preservation after the seedlings are raised, field planting is required to be completed within 1-2 days, and the seedlings are inconvenient to store and are not suitable for long-distance transportation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the seedling propagation cost is high, the seedling can not be produced in large scale, the root system is easy to damage when the cutting seedling is lifted, the quality and the later growth of the seedling are affected, the cutting seedling is required to be sprayed with water and moisturized after the seedling is lifted, the field planting is required to be completed within 1-2 days, the storage is inconvenient, and the long-distance transportation is not suitable, the invention provides the cutting propagation method for the vanilla, which has the advantages of low propagation cost, large-scale production, no root system damage and convenient storage and transportation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cutting propagation method of vanilla comprises the following operation steps:
(1) Preparing a cutting matrix;
(2) Preparing seedling raising plug trays;
(3) Seedling raising: cutting strong vanilla tendrils which are 5-10cm longer than the seedling tray in transverse length (removing 2 knots at the top growing point), placing the strong vanilla tendrils along a U-shaped hole on the concave surface of the tray after the cuts are disinfected, enabling the tendrils to be clamped in the U-shaped hole, and enabling the two ends of the tendrils to respectively pass through round holes on the two sides of the tray, so that the cuts at the two ends of the tendrils are exposed out of the tray; then gently straighten or move the parent vines so that each stem node is positioned in the hole; after the cave dish is full, a rooting agent is sprayed to axilla of the stem node of the mother vine by using a small handheld watering can, after the liquid medicine is dried, coconut particles are scattered to fill up the cave dish so as to cover the stem node, and all leaves are exposed out of a substrate surface, so that cuttage is completed;
(4) And (3) management: spraying bactericide after cutting for 1d-2d, maintaining the humidity in the greenhouse at 75-85%, and spraying or spraying compound fertilizer solution at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and 15 d; at 25d, the coconut grains on the stem section of the mother vine are scraped off, clean scissors are used for cutting the middle of the stem section of the mother vine, so that the stem section and the single hole state of a single (section) leaf are formed in the mother vine, then a bud-promoting agent is sprayed, and the cut is disinfected; spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time after 30d, and then spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 d;
(5) When the buds grow to more than 30cm, the buds can be transplanted out of the nursery or transplanted to a field for planting, or can be temporarily planted in a nutrition cup for culturing big seedlings; when the seedlings are lifted, the two sides of the bottom of the pinching hole are slightly opposite to each other, and the seedlings are slightly lifted, so that the root system of the vanilla can be completely taken out with the matrix; the seedling lifting and boxing or the plug boxing of the vanilla do not affect long-distance transportation.
Preferably, the preparation of the cutting matrix in the step (1) comprises the steps of mixing peat, mushroom residues, garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 1:1:0.3:0.5 proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, enabling the mass water content of the substrate to reach 60-80%, enabling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, and then composting for more than 15d to obtain the cutting substrate.
Preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting organic matters with animal manure content more than or equal to 45% (wt%) for 90 days at normal temperature; the mushroom residues are waste sticks obtained after harvesting bag-cultivated edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms, phoenix mushrooms and agrocybe cylindracea.
Preferably, in the step (2), the seedling raising plug is prepared by loading the cutting matrix obtained after stack retting into the plug, and lightly pressing the plug to ensure that the matrix is not loose, wherein the height of the loaded matrix is lower than or equal to the concave surface of the plug.
Preferably, the seedling raising tray in the step (2) is a U-shaped hole formed between two laterally adjacent holes of the seedling raising tray, and the first hole and the last hole of the lateral rows, i.e. two sides of each lateral row are respectively provided with an outward round hole.
Preferably, the coconut particles in the step (3) are soaked for 6-8 hours and have a size of 1-3 cm.
Preferably, the bactericide in the step (4) is obtained by diluting the carbendazim wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% by 800 times; at 15d, spraying or spraying compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution A with mass concentration of 0.2%; and after 30d, spraying the compound fertilizer solution B or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time, and then spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 7d-10 d.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer B is a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% -0.5%, and the foliar fertilizer B is Huabao No. 2 and No. 5 foliar fertilizers.
Preferably, the bud-promoting agent in the step (4) is a mixed solution of 2500 times of 24-epibrassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% and 1500 times of gibberellic acid oil with the mass concentration of 4%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses the plug to cut the mother vine for raising seedlings, after inducing each stem node of the mother vine to root, the stem node is cut into single (leaf) node for accelerating germination, which can reduce the infection disease of the incision, reduce the occurrence of soft (stem) rot, promote the stem node to sprout early, and improve the emergence quantity and the seedling rate of the mother spike in unit length; the single plant cutting seedling with one leaf and one bud formed by plug cutting and sectional seedling raising has complete root system and is not easy to damage, and is favorable for storing, packing, transporting or temporary planting and culturing large seedling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a seedling tray of the present invention; 1-seedling raising plug, 2-U-shaped holes and 3-round holes.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes in detail, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials and reagents used in the examples were commercially available unless otherwise specified.
As shown in FIG. 1, a seedling raising tray 1 used in the following specific embodiment is provided with a U-shaped hole 2 between two laterally adjacent holes of the seedling raising tray, and a round hole 3 facing outwards is formed on the first and the last holes of the lateral rows, i.e. on both sides of each lateral row. The garden soil in this embodiment is collected from the soil of flowers planted in the jasmine garden of the Guangxi agricultural institute, and is left to stand for more than 1 year after disinfection.
Example 1
A cutting propagation method of vanilla comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) Preparing a cutting matrix: peat, mushroom residue (oyster mushroom), garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizer are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:0.3:0.5 proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, enabling the mass water content of the substrate to reach 60-80%, enabling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, and then composting for 15d to obtain the cutting substrate; the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting organic matters with animal manure content more than or equal to 45% (wt%) for 90 days at normal temperature;
(2) Preparing a seedling raising plug: filling the stacked cutting matrix into a seedling raising plug tray, lightly pressing to ensure that the matrix is not loose, wherein the height of the filled matrix is lower than the concave surface of a hole or is equal to the height of the hole Kong Aomian;
(3) Seedling raising: seedling is grown in the rain shelter, the flat ground is used as a seedbed, and the length and width of the seedbed can be self-determined according to the size of the plug tray, the ground condition and the like, so that daily management is convenient; covering a layer of 70% sunshade net on the canopy top above the seedling bed; cutting strong vanilla tendrils which are 5-10cm longer than the seedling tray in transverse length (removing 2 knots at the top growing point), placing the strong vanilla tendrils along a U-shaped hole on the concave surface of the tray after the cuts are disinfected, enabling the tendrils to be clamped in the U-shaped hole, and enabling the two ends of the tendrils to respectively pass through round holes on the two sides of the tray, so that the cuts at the two ends of the tendrils are exposed out of the tray; then gently straighten or move the parent vines so that each stem node is positioned in the hole; after the cave dish is full, spraying rooting agent to axilla of stem node of mother vine by using a hand-held small watering can, after the liquid medicine is dried, filling the cave dish with coconut grains which are soaked for 6 hours and have the size of 1-3cm to cover the stem node, and exposing all leaves to the substrate surface to complete cutting;
(4) And (3) management: after cutting for 1-2d, the carbendazim wettable powder solution (the carbendazim wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% is obtained after dilution for 800 times) is sprayed or sprayed with the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution A with the mass concentration of 0.2% when the temperature in a greenhouse is kept at 75-85 ℃ and the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the 15 d; at 25d, the coconut granules on the stem sections of the mother vines are scraped off, clean scissors are used for cutting in the middle of the stem sections of the mother vines, so that the stem sections and single hole states of single (node) leaves are formed in the mother vines, then, a bud-promoting agent (the bud-promoting agent is a mixed solution of 2500 times liquid of 24-epibrassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% and 1500 times liquid medicine of gibberella acid milk with the mass concentration of 4%) is sprayed, and the cut is disinfected; after 30d, spraying compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% -0.5% or spraying foliar fertilizer No. 2 and No. 5 of Huabao for 1 time, and then spraying compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% -0.5% for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 d;
(5) When the buds grow to 30cm, the buds can be transplanted out of the nursery or transplanted to a field for planting, or can be temporarily planted in a nutrition cup for culturing big seedlings; when the seedlings are lifted, the two sides of the bottom of the pinching hole are slightly opposite to each other, and the seedlings are slightly lifted, so that the root system of the vanilla can be completely taken out with the matrix; the seedling lifting and boxing or the plug boxing of the vanilla do not affect long-distance transportation.
Example 2
A cutting propagation method of vanilla comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) Preparing a cutting matrix: peat, mushroom residue (phoenix mushroom), garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizer are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:0.3:0.5 proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, enabling the mass water content of the substrate to reach 60-80%, enabling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, and then composting for 15d to obtain the cutting substrate; the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting organic matters with animal manure content more than or equal to 45% at normal temperature for 90 days;
(2) Preparing a seedling raising plug: filling the stacked cutting matrix into a seedling raising plug tray, lightly pressing to ensure that the matrix is not loose, wherein the height of the filled matrix is lower than the concave surface of a hole or is equal to the height of the hole Kong Aomian;
(3) Seedling raising: seedling is grown in the rain shelter, the flat ground is used as a seedbed, and the length and width of the seedbed can be self-determined according to the size of the plug tray, the ground condition and the like, so that daily management is convenient; covering a layer of 70% sunshade net on the canopy top above the seedling bed; cutting strong vanilla tendrils which are 5-10cm longer than the seedling tray in transverse length (removing 2 knots at the top growing point), placing the strong vanilla tendrils along a U-shaped hole on the concave surface of the tray after the cuts are disinfected, enabling the tendrils to be clamped in the U-shaped hole, enabling two ends of the tendrils to respectively pass through round holes on two sides of the tray, and enabling the cuts at two ends of the tendrils to be exposed out of the tray; then gently straighten or move the parent vines so that each stem node is positioned in the hole; after the cave dish is full, spraying rooting agent to axilla of stem node of mother vine by using a hand-held small watering can, after the liquid medicine is dried, filling the cave dish with coconut grains which are soaked for 8 hours and have the size of 1-3cm to cover the stem node, and exposing the leaf surface of the cave dish to the substrate surface to complete cutting;
(4) And (3) management: after cutting for 1-2d, the carbendazim wettable powder solution (the carbendazim wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% is obtained after dilution for 800 times) is sprayed or sprayed with the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution A with the mass concentration of 0.2% when the temperature in a greenhouse is kept at 75-85 ℃ and the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the 15 d; at 25d, the coconut granules on the stem sections of the mother vines are scraped off, clean scissors are used for cutting in the middle of the stem sections of the mother vines, so that the stem sections and single hole states of single (node) leaves are formed in the mother vines, then, a bud-promoting agent (the bud-promoting agent is a mixed solution of 2500 times liquid of 24-epibrassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% and 1500 times liquid medicine of gibberella acid milk with the mass concentration of 4%) is sprayed, and the cut is disinfected; spraying Shi Huabao No. 2 foliar fertilizer for 1 time after 30d, and spraying Shi Huabao No. 5 foliar fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 d;
(5) When the buds grow to 30cm, the buds can be transplanted out of the nursery or transplanted to a field for planting, or can be temporarily planted in a nutrition cup for culturing big seedlings; when the seedlings are lifted, the two sides of the bottom of the pinching hole are slightly opposite to each other, and the seedlings are slightly lifted, so that the root system of the vanilla can be completely taken out with the matrix; the seedling lifting and boxing or the plug boxing of the vanilla do not affect long-distance transportation.
Example 3
A cutting propagation method of vanilla comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) Preparing a cutting matrix: peat, mushroom residue (agrocybe cylindracea), garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizer are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:0.3:0.5 proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, enabling the mass water content of the substrate to reach 60-80%, enabling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, and then composting for 15d to obtain the cutting substrate; the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting organic matters with animal manure content more than or equal to 45% (wt%) for 90 days at normal temperature;
(2) Preparing a seedling raising plug: filling the stacked cutting matrix into a seedling raising plug tray, lightly pressing to ensure that the matrix is not loose, wherein the height of the filled matrix is lower than the concave surface of a hole or is equal to the height of the hole Kong Aomian;
(3) Seedling raising: seedling is grown in the rain shelter, the flat ground is used as a seedbed, and the length and width of the seedbed can be self-determined according to the size of the plug tray, the ground condition and the like, so that daily management is convenient; or using a greenhouse steel wire mesh seedbed to grow seedlings, and covering a layer of 70% sunshade net on the top of the seedbed; cutting strong vanilla tendrils which are 5-10cm longer than the seedling tray in transverse length (removing 2 knots at the top growing point), placing the strong vanilla tendrils along a U-shaped hole on the concave surface of the tray after the cuts are disinfected, clamping the tendrils in the U-shaped hole, enabling two ends of the tendrils to respectively pass through round holes on two sides of the tray, and enabling the cuts at two ends of the tendrils to be exposed out of the tray; then gently straighten or move the parent vines so that each stem node is positioned in the hole; after the cave dish is full, spraying rooting agent to axilla of stem node of mother vine by using a hand-held small watering can, after the liquid medicine is dried, filling the cave dish with coconut grains which are soaked for 7 hours and have the size of 1-3cm to cover the stem node, and exposing all the leaves to the substrate surface to complete cutting;
(4) And (3) management: after cutting for 1-2d, the carbendazim wettable powder solution (the carbendazim wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% is obtained after dilution for 800 times) is sprayed or sprayed with compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% when the temperature in a greenhouse is 20-30 ℃ and the humidity in the greenhouse is kept to be 75-85%; at 25d, the coconut granules on the stem sections of the mother vines are scraped off, clean scissors are used for cutting in the middle of the stem sections of the mother vines, so that the stem sections and single hole states of single (node) leaves are formed in the mother vines, then, a bud-promoting agent (the bud-promoting agent is a mixed solution of 2500 times liquid of 24-epibrassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% and 1500 times liquid medicine of gibberella acid milk with the mass concentration of 4%) is sprayed, and the cut is disinfected; after 30d, spraying Shi Huabao No. 5 foliar fertilizer for 1 time, and then spraying Shi Huabao No. 2 foliar fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 d;
(5) When the buds grow to 30cm, the buds can be transplanted out of the nursery or transplanted to a field for planting, or can be temporarily planted in a nutrition cup for culturing big seedlings; when the seedlings are lifted, the two sides of the bottom of the pinching hole are slightly opposite to each other, and the seedlings are slightly lifted, so that the root system of the vanilla can be completely taken out with the matrix; the seedling lifting and boxing or the plug boxing of the vanilla do not affect long-distance transportation.
The invention uses the plug to cut the mother vine for raising seedlings, can carry out large-scale seedling raising, reduces the production cost, cuts off the internodes to promote buds after inducing each stem node of the mother vine to root, can reduce the infection diseases of the cuts, reduces the occurrence of diseases, promotes the stem node to sprout early and has tidy buds; the mother vine can be divided into a plurality of cuttings with one leaf and one bud, so that the number of seedlings emerging from the mother vine in unit length and the seedling rate are improved; the single plant cutting seedlings with one leaf and one bud are formed by plug cutting and sectional seedling raising, the seedling is lifted with soil, the root system is not easy to damage, and the storage, packaging and transportation or temporary planting cultivation of large seedlings are facilitated; the method is simple to operate and can be popularized and applied on a large scale.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The cutting propagation method of the vanilla is characterized by comprising the following operation steps of:
(1) Preparing a cutting matrix;
(2) Preparing seedling raising plug trays;
(3) Seedling raising: cutting the female vines of the vanilla, which are 5-10cm longer than the seedling tray in transverse length, placing the female vines along the U-shaped holes on the concave surface of the tray after the incisions of the female vines are disinfected, clamping the female vines in the U-shaped holes, and then enabling the two ends of the female vines to respectively pass through the round holes on the two sides of the tray, so that the incisions on the two ends of the female vines are exposed out of the tray; straightening or moving the parent vines so that each stem node is positioned in the hole; spraying rooting agent to axilla of stem node after the plug is full, spreading coconut particles to fill the plug to cover stem node after the medicinal liquid is dried, and exposing all the leaves to the substrate surface to complete cutting;
(4) And (3) management: spraying bactericide after cutting for 1d-2d, maintaining the humidity in the greenhouse at 75-85%, and spraying or spraying compound fertilizer solution at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and 15 d; at 25d, the coconut grains on the stem section of the mother vine are scraped off, cut in the middle of the stem section of the mother vine, so that the stem section of the mother vine forms a single leaf and a single hole state, then a bud-promoting agent is sprayed, and the cut is disinfected; spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time after 30d, and then spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 d;
(5) When the buds grow to more than 30cm, the buds can be transplanted out of the nursery;
wherein, the seedling raising hole tray in the step (2) is a U-shaped hole formed between the holes adjacent to each other in the transverse direction of the seedling raising tray, and the first hole and the last hole of the transverse rows, namely two sides of each transverse row are respectively provided with an outward round hole.
2. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation of the cutting matrix in the step (1) comprises the steps of mixing peat, mushroom residues, garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 1:1:0.3:0.5 proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, enabling the water content of the substrate to reach 60-80%, enabling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, and then composting for more than 15d to obtain the cutting substrate.
3. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 2, wherein: the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting organic matters with animal manure content more than or equal to 45% at normal temperature for 90 days; the mushroom residue is oyster mushroom, agrocybe aegerita.
4. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation of the seedling culture plug tray in the step (2) is to put the cutting matrix obtained after stack retting into the plug tray, and press the cutting matrix to prevent loosening.
5. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 1, wherein: the coconut particles in the step (3) are soaked for 6-8 hours and have the size of 1-3 cm.
6. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 1, wherein: the bactericide in the step (4) is obtained by diluting the carbendazim wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% by 800 times; at 15d, spraying or spraying compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution A with mass concentration of 0.2%; and after 30d, spraying the compound fertilizer solution B or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time, and then spraying the compound fertilizer solution or spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 7d-10 d.
7. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 6, wherein: the foliar fertilizer B is a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% -0.5%, and the foliar fertilizer is Huabao No. 2 and No. 5 foliar fertilizers.
8. The cutting propagation method of vanilla according to claim 1, wherein: the bud-promoting agent in the step (4) is a mixed solution of 2500 times of 24-epibrassinolide with the mass concentration of 0.01% and 1500 times of gibberellic acid oil with the mass concentration of 4%.
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Application publication date: 20220722 Assignee: Nanning Chaohui Flower and Wood Farm Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046293 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cutting Propagation of Vanilla Granted publication date: 20230929 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |