CN116195466A

CN116195466A - Flat planting and rapid propagation method for peony

Info

Publication number: CN116195466A
Application number: CN202310227567.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘少丹; 许国星; 张孔英; 郭丽丽; 张娟; 赵国栋; 霍璇璇; 史�田; 董迎迎; 李璐璐; 南琼琼; 石秀珍; 沈红; 宋程伟; 霍志鹏; 张淑玲
Original assignee: Luoyang Aerospace Peony Garden Co ltd; Luoyang Huamu Co
Current assignee: Luoyang Aerospace Peony Garden Co ltd; Luoyang Huamu Co
Priority date: 2023-03-10
Filing date: 2023-03-10
Publication date: 2023-06-02

Abstract

The invention provides a peony flat planting rapid propagation method, and belongs to the technical field of peony propagation. The invention can overcome the problem that the peony breeding technical effect is to be improved in the prior art through specific flat planting and rapid propagation operation. The peony flat-planting rapid propagation method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and easy to implement, time-saving and labor-saving, large in propagation coefficient, high in propagation speed and suitable for mass commodity production. Low cost and obvious benefit. The invention can provide a new way for rapid propagation of new varieties and rare varieties, has high purity of the produced seedlings, high speed and strong growth, and can greatly shorten the time to market of the new varieties and the rare varieties. Has great significance for updating the ageing large-plant peony, the breeding rejuvenation of the old variety, the introduction and domestication of the wild peony and the like in the ornamental garden, and meets the market demand.

Description

Flat planting and rapid propagation method for peony

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of peony breeding, in particular to a peony flat planting and rapid propagation method.

Background

Peony is one of ten flowers in China, and is known as a 'hundred flowers king'. The traditional propagation method of ornamental peonies mainly comprises the steps of dividing, grafting and cutting. The dividing method is to divide the finished parent plant into sub-plants with 2-3 branches, and has low propagation coefficient and low speed; the grafting method, the general layering method, the cutting method and the like are all to develop a new plant body from one branch, and only annual new branches can be utilized, but perennial old stems are difficult to utilize. The propagation methods have the defects of low propagation coefficient, low propagation speed, low seedling rate and the like, seriously influence the development of peony production, and cannot meet the market demand. Especially, some rare and rare varieties with weak rooting ability and low germination rate and new varieties cultivated independently in China are difficult to form a certain commodity amount rapidly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a peony flat planting rapid propagation method, which aims to solve the problem that the peony propagation technical effect is to be improved in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a peony flat planting and rapid propagation method, which comprises the following steps:

planting pits are arranged in the land, and ditches with the depth of 10-20 cm and the width of 20-30 cm are arranged along the ridges;

transplanting the peony seedlings into planting pits, closing the soil to 1/3-2/3 of the pit depth, turning down branches of the peony seedlings along the furrows, continuing to close the soil until only branch tips remain outside the soil, and performing field management.

Preferably, the row spacing of the planting pits is 65-75 cm, and the plant spacing is 80-100 cm;

the depth of the planting pit is 35-40 cm, and the diameter is 20-30 cm.

Preferably, the number of branches contained in the peony seedlings is 2-3;

the number of the roots contained in the peony seedlings is 3-5.

Preferably, the peony seedlings also comprise soaking the peony seedlings before transplanting, wherein the soaking adopts a mixed solution of thiophanate methyl and methyl isosalazine;

the initial dilution concentration of the thiophanate methyl is 500-700 times;

the initial drug concentration of the methyl isosalazine is 200-500 ppm.

Preferably, the soaking time is 0.5-1.5 min.

Preferably, the land parcels further comprise applying base fertilizer and pesticide in the land parcels before transplanting the peony seedlings, wherein the base fertilizer adopts bacterial fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the application weight ratio of the bacterial fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 15:1-3;

the application weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the pesticide is 32-36:1.

Preferably, after the peony seedlings are transplanted, the root neck of the peony seedlings is 3-5 cm lower than the ground surface.

Preferably, the peony seedlings are transplanted and the root system is straightened, so that the roots are uniformly distributed in the planting pits;

the branches of the peony seedlings form 0-20 degrees with the ground after being pulled down along the ditch.

Preferably, the field management comprises fertilization, wherein the fertilization adopts a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 20-40 kg/mu.

Preferably, the field management comprises the application of an insecticidal bactericide, wherein the insecticidal bactericide is one or more of a lime sulphur, thiophanate methyl and beta-cypermethrin.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:

the peony flat planting rapid propagation method provided by the invention is a novel rapid propagation technology, is superior to a method of dividing plants, grafting, cutting and general layering propagation, and can germinate under proper conditions to develop new plants no matter buds on annual new branches or dormant buds and hidden buds on perennial old stems. The method of the invention is simple and easy to implement, saves time and labor, has large propagation coefficient and high propagation speed, and is suitable for mass commodity production.

The flat planting rapid propagation method provided by the invention is used for breeding peony seedlings, and has low cost and remarkable benefit. According to the traditional method, 100 mu of peony is planted, 200-300 mu of seedlings can be produced in 4 years, for example, 100 mu of peony is planted by flat planting and rapid propagation, and 600-900 mu of seedlings can be produced in 4 years. For example, the average density of the seedlings per mu is 1350, the number of the seedlings per mu is 5400-8100, the number of the seedlings per mu is 50 yuan, and the income per mu can be increased by 27-40.5 ten thousand yuan under the condition of little increase of the management cost.

The flat planting rapid propagation method provided by the invention can provide a new way for rapid propagation of new varieties and rare varieties. The traditional method is easy to cause larger wounds and provides a channel for invasion of root rot bacteria. However, the root system and the branches of the flat planting rapid propagation method are uniformly distributed on the buried stems, and the buried stems are only cut off during the plant division, so that the probability of pathogen infection is reduced. The seedlings produced by the method have high purity, high speed and strong growth, and can greatly shorten the time of new varieties and rare varieties to market.

The adoption of the flat planting rapid propagation method has great significance for updating the propagation rejuvenation of aged large-plant peonies and old varieties in ornamental gardens, the introduction and domestication of wild peonies and the like, and can also improve the planting survival rate and the propagation coefficient. The peony flat planting rapid propagation method can fully utilize the prior variety resources, is beneficial to the propagation of rare and rare varieties and new varieties, and enables the varieties to form plant commodities as soon as possible, thereby meeting the market demands.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a peony flat planting and rapid propagation method, which comprises the following steps: land parcel setting: planting pits are arranged in the land, and ditches with the depth of 10-20 cm and the width of 20-30 cm are arranged along the ridges; transplanting the peony seedlings into planting pits, closing the soil to 1/3-2/3 of the pit depth, pulling down branches of the peony seedlings along the furrows, continuing to close the soil until only branch tips remain outside the soil, and performing field management; in the present invention, the depth of the planting pit is preferably 35 to 40cm, more preferably 36 to 38cm, the diameter of the planting pit is preferably 20 to 30cm, more preferably 23 to 27cm, the row spacing of the planting pit is preferably 65 to 75cm, more preferably 67 to 72cm, and the plant spacing is preferably 80 to 100cm, more preferably 85 to 95cm; the depth of the ditch is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 13-17 cm, the width of the ditch is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 23-27 cm, and the length of the ditch is preferably equal to or greater than the length of an overground branch of the peony seedling; the land block disclosed by the invention also comprises the step of applying a base fertilizer and an insecticide before the peony seedlings are transplanted, wherein the insecticide is preferably furan, the base fertilizer is preferably bacterial fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the bacterial fertilizer has no special requirements on the types of the bacterial fertilizer, and in a specific embodiment of the invention, the bacterial fertilizer is applied by diluting an EM stock solution by 200 times; the compound fertilizer is preferably a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is preferably balanced, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 15:15:15, the application weight ratio of the bacterial fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is preferably 15:1-3, and the application weight ratio of the base fertilizer to the pesticide is preferably 32-36:1, and further preferably 33-35:1.

In the invention, the peony separated seedlings are transplanted into the planting pits, and the number of the branches contained in the peony separated seedlings is preferably 2-3; the number of the root contained in the peony seedlings is preferably 3-5; the peony seedlings are preferably soaked before transplanting, and the soaking is preferably performed by adopting a mixed solution of thiophanate methyl and methyl isosalazine; the dilution concentration of the thiophanate methyl is preferably 500-700 times; the drug concentration of the methyl isosalazine is preferably 200-500 ppm, more preferably 300-400 ppm, the soaking time is preferably 0.5-1.5 min, more preferably 0.8-1.2 min, the soaking time is preferably air-dried, the root neck of the peony divided seedling is preferably 3-5 cm lower than the ground surface after the peony divided seedling is transplanted, and the transplanting time also preferably comprises the step of straightening the root system, so that the root is uniformly distributed in the pits.

In the invention, soil is sealed after transplanting, when the soil is sealed to 1/3-2/3 of the pit depth, branches of the tree peony seedlings are pulled down along the ditch, the branches of the tree peony seedlings are preferably 0-20 degrees, more preferably 5-15 degrees, with the ground after being pulled down along the ditch, the soil is continuously sealed until only branch tips are left outside the soil, the soil is preferably compacted after being sealed, and then field management is carried out; the field management of the invention preferably comprises fertilization, wherein the fertilization preferably adopts nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, the compound fertilizers are preferably balanced, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 15:15:15, the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers is preferably 20-40 kg/mu, and more preferably 25-35 kg/mu, and the application period of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers is preferably 3 months and 11 months each year; the field management preferably includes the application of an insecticide, preferably one or more of a lime sulfur, thiophanate methyl and lambda-cyhalothrin, preferably according to different periods of time, further preferably once a winter year, once a 5 month and 7 month each time of thiophanate methyl + lambda-cyhalothrin; the field management of the invention also preferably comprises irrigation, wherein the irrigation specifically comprises irrigation once by sprinkling irrigation after transplanting, and then irrigation is carried out according to weather conditions and soil humidity, and the irrigation is carried out for 4-5 times per year generally; the field management of the invention also preferably comprises intertillage weeding, wherein the times of intertillage are preferably 8-10 times per year, so that soil is kept loose, and no weeds exist in the field; the field management of the present invention also preferably includes stumping, which is preferably performed once at 9 months of the year, with current new shoots being cut off.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Test material: dividing the peony mother plant into divided seedlings with 2 branches and 3 roots, soaking the divided seedlings in a mixed solution of 600 times of thiophanate methyl and methyl iso Liu Lin ppm for 1min, and airing the divided seedlings for planting.

(II) soil preparation: applying 300 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer (Miaoli bear biological organic fertilizer purchased from Shandong Shierkang biotechnology Co., ltd.) to each mu of land to be planted, 40 kg of compound fertilizer (balanced nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the ratio of 15:15:15), 10 kg of furadan, deep ploughing and fine raking, and leveling to be planted.

(III) propagation method: digging a pit with the depth of 37cm and the diameter of 25cm into the prepared land according to the row spacing of 70cm and the plant spacing of 90cm, simultaneously digging a ditch with the depth of 15cm and the width of 25cm along the ridge, standing the reserved seedling in the pit, keeping the neck of the root below the ground surface by 4cm, along the root system, uniformly distributing the root in the pit, and then sealing soil. When the soil is sealed to 2/3 of the pit depth, the plant branches are pulled down along the furrows to be approximately parallel to the ground, and when the soil is sealed, branch tips are left outside the soil, and the soil is sealed and then the plant branches are compacted.

(IV) field management

1. And (3) irrigation: after planting, watering the soil for one time by sprinkling irrigation, and determining whether to water according to the rainfall of weather and the water content of soil, wherein the watering times in one year are 4 times in the embodiment.

2. And (3) fertilization: and each of the compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (balanced nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio is 15:15:15) is added once in month 11, month 3, month 11 and month 2021 in year 3 in year 2018, and 30 kg per mu is added each time.

3. And (3) cultivating and weeding: and 8-10 times of cultivation are carried out every year, so that the soil is kept loose, and no weeds exist in the field.

4. Stumping: and shearing off the current annual new branch for grafting scions 3 times in the year of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 9.

5. Pest control: spraying lime sulfur once in winter for 5 months and 1 methyne thiophanate plus high-efficiency cypermethrin for 7 months.

Example 2

Test material: dividing the peony mother plant into divided seedlings with 2 branches and 4 roots, soaking the divided seedlings in a mixed solution of 500 times of thiophanate methyl and methyl iso Liu Lin ppm for 1.5min, and airing the divided seedlings for planting.

(II) soil preparation: applying 300 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer (Miaoli bear biological organic fertilizer purchased from Shandong Shierkang biotechnology Co., ltd.) to each mu of land to be planted, 50 kg of compound fertilizer (balanced nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the ratio of 15:15:15), 11 kg of furadan, deep ploughing and fine raking, and leveling to be planted.

(III) propagation method: digging holes with the depth of 35cm and the diameter of 22cm into the prepared land according to the row spacing of 75cm and the plant spacing of 95cm, simultaneously digging furrows with the depth of 10cm and the width of 20cm along ridges, standing the prepared seedlings in the holes, enabling the root necks to be 5cm lower than the ground surface along the root systems, enabling the roots to be uniformly distributed in the holes, and then sealing soil. When the soil is sealed to 2/3 of the pit depth, plant branches are pulled down along the furrows, and are inclined upwards by 10 degrees compared with the ground, when the soil is sealed, branch tips are left outside the soil, and after the soil is sealed, the plant branches are compacted.

(IV) field management

Example 3

Test material: dividing the peony mother plant into 3 branches and 5 root divided seedlings, soaking the divided seedlings in a mixed solution of 500 times of thiophanate methyl and Liu Lin ppm of methyl for 1.5min, and airing the divided seedlings for planting.

(III) propagation method: digging a pit with the depth of 40cm and the diameter of 30cm into the prepared land according to the row spacing of 80cm and the plant spacing of 100cm, simultaneously digging a ditch with the depth of 10cm and the width of 20cm along the ridge, standing the reserved seedling in the pit, keeping the neck of the root below the ground surface by 5cm, along the root system, uniformly distributing the root in the pit, and then sealing soil. When the soil is sealed to 2/3 of the pit depth, plant branches are pulled down along the furrows, and are inclined upwards by 10 degrees compared with the ground, when the soil is sealed, branch tips are left outside the soil, and after the soil is sealed, the plant branches are compacted.

(IV) field management

Comparative example 1

(III) propagation method: digging a pit with the depth of 37cm and the diameter of 25cm according to the row spacing of 70cm and the plant spacing of 65cm, standing the spare seedling in the pit, straightening the root system with the root neck lower than 3cm below the ground surface, lifting the root for compaction when soil is sealed for two thirds, and sealing the soil for a small pile.

(IV) field management

Experimental example 1 evaluation of the Effect of Rapid propagation technique

5 new peony varieties are selected as test varieties, 200 varieties of each variety are respectively subjected to the flat planting rapid propagation method of the embodiment 1 and the method (control group) of the comparative example 1, and 100 varieties of the two propagation methods are respectively adopted.

The number of branches, the robustness degree of branches, the growth and development condition of leaves, the growth and development condition of root systems and the propagation coefficient of peony obtained by culture are counted respectively, and the result is as follows:

the statistics of the number of branches of the different treatment groups are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1 statistics of the number of branches

As can be seen from Table 1, "black peach queen" (black, high plant), "east hedge silver chrysanthemum" (white, high plant) is 119.22% and 90.25% higher than the control, respectively, "laojun purple" (purple, medium plant), "Lolanmeiren" (pink, medium plant) is 87.06% and 115.9% higher than the control, respectively, "Maryland" (pink, low plant) is 118.26% higher than the control, and five varieties are 106.14% higher on average than the control. The method shows that the number of the tree branches of the peony plants obtained by the flat planting rapid propagation method is obviously higher than that of a control group.

Whether the branches are robust or not directly influences seedling quality and flowering, the thickness and length of the branches are measured by selecting representative "hedge guayule" branch by branch, and the average value is calculated, and the result is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 comparison of the length and thickness of the stems and branches obtained by different propagation methods

	Average branch length (cm)	Average branch thickness (cm)
			Flat planting rapid propagation	27.2581	1.2045
Control	25.0000	0.8158
			Difference value	2.2581	0.3887

As can be seen from Table 2, the flat planting rapid propagation technology provided by the invention can obviously improve the thickness and length of the branches of the peony plants, so that the branches are more robust, the average branch length of the obtained plants is 2.2581cm longer than that of the control plants, and the average branch thickness is 0.3887cm longer than that of the control plants. The two propagation methods are obviously different in branch length and branch thickness.

Statistics were performed using "hedge silver chrysanthemum" as a sample plant, and the results showed that: the single plant obtained by adopting the flat planting rapid propagation method provided by the invention has 237 pieces of 31 branches and 7.64 pieces of leaves per branch on average, 96 pieces of leaves per branch are provided for 19 branches of a control single plant, and only 5.05 pieces of leaves per branch on average. The total weight of the leaf blade is higher than that of the control 51 percent by the flat planting rapid propagation method. The branch obtained by the flat planting rapid propagation method provided by the invention has large growth space, balanced development of the leaves, more unified and concentrated leaf specifications, more ornamental effect, and stronger photosynthetic capacity of the plant than that of the plant by using a single compound leaf with a weight of 0.15-1.01 g compared with a control, and is beneficial to the growth and development of the branch and root system. The control branches are concentrated to form a bundle, the leaf size is obviously differentiated, and especially the inner and lower leaves are partially degenerated to be scaly. Functional leaves are reduced, and the leaves are thinner, so that the photosynthesis capability of plants is reduced, and the development of branches is further affected. The branches are uneven in size due to different nutritional conditions, and some branches are weak and only 2-3 leaves are needed. The total data are specifically shown in table 3 below:

TABLE 3 statistical results of blade growth

The root growth and development conditions are counted, and the result shows that: the root system of the peony obtained by the flat planting rapid propagation method uniformly grows on the buried stem and branch, the root quantity is large, the root system is developed, and the root system is specifically shown in the table 4:

TABLE 4 influence of different propagation methods on peony root systems (units: strips, cm)

Note that the root diameter was not counted at 0.1cm or less.

As can be seen from Table 4, the number of individual roots of the plants obtained by the present invention is up to 177, and the number of the individual roots is 76, and the length of the individual roots is 0.75-3.8cm longer than that of the control. The peony obtained by the flat planting rapid propagation method has more fine roots below 0.4cm, large absorption area, vigorous physiological activity and more functional leaves on the overground part, which is the basis of good growth and development of plants. The control root system grows too intensively, the root quantity is small, the growth and development of the overground part are affected, the formed branches are few, the leaves are few, the size is uneven, and the development of the root system is also negatively affected.

Counting peony propagation coefficients obtained by different methods: the peony obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention has 25.55 average branches per plant, and the branches and root systems grow along the buried underground stem, are easy to separate and can be generally divided into 8-10 plants. The control is only 13.43 branches, the branches and root systems grow intensively and are not easy to separate, and the branches can be generally divided into 2-3 plants, and the propagation coefficient of the flat planting rapid propagation method is 2-5 times that of the control and is 3 times on average. If 3 branches are counted as a single seedling, the propagation coefficients of the flat planting rapid propagation methods of the varieties of the black peach queen, the east hedge silver chrysanthemum, the old jun purple, the Loulomeier, the Marjoram and the like are respectively 2.1 times, 1.9 times, 1.8 times, 2.1 times and 2.1 times of that of the respective control. Five varieties averaged 2.0 times the control. 30 branches can be taken for grafting propagation in the first 3 years of the peony flat planting rapid propagation method, and only 15 branches can be taken for comparison. In conclusion, the propagation coefficient of the peony flat planting rapid propagation method is generally improved by more than 2 times and up to 3-5 times compared with that of the traditional split propagation method.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The peony flat planting and rapid propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

land parcel setting: planting pits are arranged in the land, and ditches with the depth of 10-20 cm and the width of 20-30 cm are arranged along the ridges;

2. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the planting pits is 65-75 cm and the plant spacing is 80-100 cm;

the depth of the planting pit is 35-40 cm, and the diameter is 20-30 cm.

3. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of branches contained in the peony seedlings is 2-3;

the number of the roots contained in the peony seedlings is 3-5.

4. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 3, wherein the step of transplanting the peony seedlings further comprises soaking the peony seedlings, wherein the soaking adopts a mixed solution of thiophanate methyl and methyl isosalazine;

the initial dilution concentration of the thiophanate methyl is 500-700 times;

the initial drug concentration of the methyl isosalazine is 200-500 ppm.

5. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 4, wherein the soaking time is 0.5-1.5 min.

6. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 5, wherein the land block further comprises applying a base fertilizer and an insecticide in the land block before transplanting the peony seedlings, wherein the base fertilizer adopts a bacterial fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and the application weight ratio of the bacterial fertilizer to the compound fertilizer is 15:1-3;

7. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 6, wherein the root neck of the peony seedlings is 3-5 cm lower than the ground surface after the peony seedlings are transplanted.

8. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 7, wherein said transplanting of said divided seedlings of peony further comprises straightening root systems so that the roots are uniformly distributed in the planting pits;

9. The method for flat planting and rapid propagation of peony according to claim 8, wherein the field management comprises fertilization, wherein the fertilization adopts a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 20-40 kg/mu.

10. The method of flat planting and rapid propagation according to claim 9, wherein the field management comprises application of an insecticidal bactericide, wherein the insecticidal bactericide is one or more of a lime sulphur, thiophanate methyl and beta-cypermethrin.