CN111163930A - 板和用于制造板的方法 - Google Patents

板和用于制造板的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111163930A
CN111163930A CN201880063470.9A CN201880063470A CN111163930A CN 111163930 A CN111163930 A CN 111163930A CN 201880063470 A CN201880063470 A CN 201880063470A CN 111163930 A CN111163930 A CN 111163930A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
panel
cement
layer
base material
material layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201880063470.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
本杰明·克莱门特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilin BV
Original Assignee
Unilin BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/IB2018/051903 external-priority patent/WO2018172959A2/en
Application filed by Unilin BV filed Critical Unilin BV
Publication of CN111163930A publication Critical patent/CN111163930A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

板,其特征在于,该板至少包括基底,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成,该板设置有延伸穿过基础材料层的倒角。

Description

板和用于制造板的方法
本发明涉及一种板和制造这种板的方法。
更具体地,本发明涉及一种旨在形成墙壁、地板或天花板表面的板。换句话说,本发明涉及墙壁面板和/或地板面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板。更具体地,本发明涉及的板或面板是至少旨在用于室内应用(换言之,用于形成地板覆盖物、墙壁覆盖物或天花板覆盖物)的类型。
本发明的目的在于一种板,其一方面提供良好的抗火性,另一方面在生产特征、生产可能性以及加工方面是有利的。
为了这个目的,本发明涉及如在所附权利要求中描述的板。本文将涵盖以所附独立权利要求的形式定义的几个独立方面。
为了这个目的,本发明涉及在以下编号段落中定义的板:
1.-板,其特征在于,该板至少包括基底和树脂基覆盖物,该基底至少由具有30kg/cm2的抗压强度的石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成,该树脂基覆盖物以直接压在基底上的层压层(也称为“DPL”(直压式层压件))的形式设置在基底的至少一侧上。
2.-根据段落1的板,其特征在于,直压式层压件是已经用大于25kg/cm2的压力压制的层。
3.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基础材料层具有至少40kg/cm2且更好地至少50kg/cm2的抗压强度。
4.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基础材料层具有至少70kg/cm2的抗压强度。
5.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基础材料层具有90kg/cm2或更大数量级的抗压强度。
6.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,直压式层压件是已经用大于30kg/cm2且更好地大于35kg/cm2的压力压制的层,并且板的抗压强度高于该值。
7.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基础材料层是所谓的高压实石膏和/或水泥板。
8.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基础材料层包含增强材料,例如增强纤维,优选地由石膏纤维板或纤维水泥板组成,并且更具体地由高压实石膏纤维板或高压实纤维水泥板组成。
9.-根据段落8的板,其特征在于,纤维存在于基础材料层中且基本在这一层的整个厚度上。
10.-根据段落8或9的板,其特征在于,纤维由一般合成纤维和/或一般天然纤维和/或木纤维和/或纸纤维和/或碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维组成。
11.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,前述树脂基覆盖物位于板的旨在形成前侧的那一侧。
12.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,从位于树脂基覆盖物上直到进入基础材料层的石膏基和/或水泥基材料中,树脂粘合剂持续存在。
13.-根据段落12的板,其特征在于,所述树脂粘合剂的树脂在所述石膏基和/或水泥基材料中至少延伸达到一深度,该深度是至少0.5毫米且更好地是至少1毫米。
14.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基底在其上设有树脂基覆盖物的一侧没有覆盖板,使得树脂基覆盖物进而直接存在于所述基础材料层上。
15.-根据段落1至13中任一段的板,其特征在于,前述基底至少在其上设有树脂基覆盖物的一侧上包括覆盖板,该覆盖板由一个或多个纸或纸板层构成或者由另一种材料构成,并且其中,树脂基覆盖物直接或间接地设置在纸或纸板层或其他覆盖板上。
16.-根据段落15的板,其特征在于,纸或纸板层具有小于或等于0.18毫米并且还更好地小于或等于0.1毫米的厚度。
17.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,基底设有粘附性增强层,该粘附性增强层增强了树脂基覆盖物的粘附性。
18.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,前述树脂基材料层由通过树脂压制的一个或多个材料板形成。
19.-根据段落18的板,其特征在于,至少一个材料板由纸组成,并且优选地所有材料板分别由纸组成。
20.-根据段落18或19的板,其特征在于,树脂基材料层至少由压在基底上的一个或多个树脂浸渍板、更具体地纸板形成。
21.-根据段落20的板,其特征在于,树脂基材料层至少由以下层之一组成,或者包括以下层中的任意两个的组合或以下层中的全部三个:
-浸渍有树脂的板材,该板材用作基础层或下层;
-浸渍有树脂的板材,该板材用作装饰层;
-浸渍有树脂的板材,该板材用作覆盖层,优选地具有提高耐磨性的颗粒,例如刚玉。
22.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,无论是否具有图案,板都设有装饰层。
23.-根据段落22的板,其特征在于,图案是直接设置在板上的印刷物,例如通过诸如喷墨打印机的数字打印机来实现。
24.-根据前述段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,在板的上侧中设置有浮雕(relief),该浮雕由凸起(embossment)形成,优选地在压缩层压层时实现。
25.-根据前述段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,板在表面上显示图案和浮雕,并且浮雕与图案的图像套准(register)。
26.-根据前述段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,树脂由热固性树脂、更具体地三聚氰胺树脂组成。
27.-板,其特征在于,板至少包括基底,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成,并且在基底的至少一侧上以直接压在基底上的层压层、也称为“DPL”(直压式层压体)的形式设置有树脂基覆盖物,其中,板在至少两个相对的边缘上设置有允许两个这种板彼此接合的接合装置。
28.-根据段落27的板,其特征在于,接合装置提供至少基板的材料的重叠。
29.-根据段落27或28的板,其特征在于,接合装置至少提供榫槽型材。
30.-根据段落27、28或29的板,其特征在于,接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定。
31.-根据段落32的板,其特征在于,接合装置是这样的类型:其允许通过转动而连接,优选地包括具有进一步延伸的最后部唇缘的槽,最后部唇缘设置有锁定元件(8)。
32.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;基础材料层设有加强件;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地制造在基础材料层中;并且上述加强件一直存在于接合装置中,其中接合装置优选地为已经描述的类型。
33.-根据段落32的板,其特征在于,加强件由纤维形成,该纤维存在于材料或水泥基和/或石膏基基础材料层中,更具体地混合在其中,并且因此也混合在与之一体地制造的接合装置中。
34.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在板中,并且更具体地实现在基础材料层中;并且板包括未处理的或设置有半完成覆盖物的使用侧。
35.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板或面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在基础材料层中;并且板是具有至少2.4米的长度的长方形,其中,包括前述接合装置的前述边缘由纵向边缘形成,其中接合装置优选地为先前已经描述的类型和形式。
36.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在板的材料中,并且更具体地实现在前述基础材料层的材料中;并且板包括表面尺寸为至少0.5平方米、且更好地为至少0.75平方米的有用表面,其中接合部分优选地为先前已经描述的类型和形式。
37.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;并且接合装置设置有装置或元件,更具体地设置有材料层和/或材料带形式的装置或元件,其提供密封和/或张力,其以张力、更具体地以所谓的预张力将这些面板压向彼此。
38.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;并且接合装置设置有优选地为材料层和/或材料带形式的装置或元件,其提供可温度激活的密封。
39.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在板中,并且更具体地实现在基础材料层中;并且在板的前侧附近,在前侧与所述两个边缘中的至少一个、优选地两个边缘之间的拐角边缘处,以斜角或圆角的形式存在倒角;该板包括覆盖物或顶层;并且倒角优选地延伸得比覆盖物或顶层的厚度深,并且因此至少一直延伸到基础材料层中,其中,倒角的表面包括或不包括覆盖物,优选地包括或不包括单独的覆盖物。这种倒角对于薄于1mm或2mm的薄顶层而言特别有用,因此,由于倒角,使得在边缘处分裂和分层的风险最小化,否则这对于薄顶层而言是真正的风险。具体地,重要的是,与所述DPL或如上所述设置有DPL的面板的覆盖物相结合。此外,如将在下文描述的,当施用填料和/或纤维时,在此获得了改进的效果,其优选地随后实际上呈现为抵靠顶层的下侧,或者至少位于顶层下面/后面小于1mm的距离处。
40.-板,其特征在于,其至少由基底组成,该基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,该接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,这些接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下至少在垂直于这些接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定,优选地借助于榫和槽;接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在基础材料层中;并且槽由最前部唇缘和最后部唇缘界定,其中,最后部唇缘从远端看比最前部唇缘延伸得更远,并且其中,最后部唇缘是可打钉的和/或可拧紧的和/或包括用于方便打钉和/或拧紧的装置,和/或构造成使得板可以通过抵靠下方表面或下方结构的夹具而与下唇缘附接。
41.-根据段落40的板,其特征在于,如上所述的接合装置被应用。
42.-根据前述编号段落中任一段的板,其特征在于,水泥基和/或石膏基基础材料层由通过液体而结合的物质形成,更具体地通过使石膏基和/或水泥基主体(mass)硬化而形成。
43.-根据段落1至41中任一段的板,其特征在于,代替水泥基和/或石膏基基础材料层,使用另一矿物基合成材料和/或地质聚合物。
此外,对于水泥基板,至少表现出两个问题。
第一个问题是:由于板的多孔性且由于毛细管效应,这些板分别吸收水分、水。此外,水泥基板在其正常质量下是高碱性的。水泥基板包含许多盐,并且当吸收水分并随后干燥时,存在碱性水和盐的迁移。在通常使用水泥基板作为表面板的情况下,板的水泥基基底在后侧和上侧处涂覆有非100%不透水的漆或涂料,并且存在自然通风,从而不会出现问题。在希望将水泥基板应用到地板覆盖物中的情况下,更具体地应用到浮动安装的地板覆盖物中的情况下,其中这些板在边缘处设置有机械接合部,例如铣削接合型材,用于将它们彼此接合,这样的板可能在两侧上,因而在上侧和下侧上,应当设置有覆盖物,该覆盖物提供必要的耐磨性和吸水性。由于制造为地板面板的这种水泥基板位于底层地板上这一事实,以及由于存在这种覆盖物的事实,所以水泥基基底不会产生显著通风。该板可以通过铣削接合型材吸收水分,并且当干燥时,碱性水和盐会缓慢地损坏底漆,这最终导致覆盖物变松。
第二个问题是:标准水泥基板具有相对弱的内部结合。标准水泥基板实际上是由各种薄层系统地组成,这是通常应用于此的哈谢克(Hatschek,抄取)生产工艺的特征。这导致内部结合相对较弱,使得将这种标准水泥基板视为地板面板、墙壁面板或天花板面板是不明显的,至少在必须通过加工处理在其上设置边缘或型材的情况下是不明显的。事实上,弱结合可能导致边缘处的碎裂。还存在的风险在于:由于内部结合弱,在铣削锁定接合装置之后,锁定装置中出现间隙边缘和裂缝,使得地板在放置期间和安装之后性能受损。
根据本发明的各个方面,以下给出了多个解决方案,这些解决方案在以下编号的段落中进行了描述:
44.-板,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,该面板包括水泥基基础材料层(或基底),该水泥基基础材料层(或基底)本身可以包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,该面板优选地包括顶层,该顶层本身可以由一个或多个层组成并为面板赋予装饰性外观,并且面板设置有限制基础材料层中的水分摄入的装置,和/或设置有改善基础材料层中的内部结合的装置。
45.-根据段落44的板,更具体地是面板,其特征在于,改善基础材料层中的水分摄入和/或改善基础材料层中的内部结合的前述装置根据以下可能情形中的至少一种而存在:
-该装置至少应用在基础材料层的前侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是上侧)和/或后侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是下侧)附近,更具体地应用在基础材料层的相应表面处和/或应用在其正下方;
-该装置几乎排他地或排他地应用在基础材料层的前侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是上侧)和/或后侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是下侧)附近,更具体地,应用在基础材料层的相应表面处和/或应用在其正下方,而相应的装置不存在或几乎不存在于基础材料层的中间;
-装置在基础材料层的整个厚度上采用。
46.-板,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,该面板包括水泥基基础材料层(或基底),该水泥基基础材料层(或基底)本身可以包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,该面板优选地包括顶层,该顶层本身可以由一个或多个层组成并为面板赋予装饰性外观,并且面板包括改善顶层的粘附性和/或增强和/或减少水分摄入的装置(通过该装置也可以理解规定),并且其中该面板关于这些装置优选地还满足段落44和45,其特征在于,面板显示了以下特征中的一个或多个(其中在组合的情况下,两个或更多特征的任何不矛盾的组合必须被认为是根据本发明的可能情形):
-前述装置具有这样的性质,即,至少在基础材料层的表面上或附近,且优选地至少在将设置顶层或背衬层的一侧处,从面板的厚度来看,前述装置提供耐碱性的和/或其耐碱性得到改善的区域;
-前述装置具有这样的性质,即,至少在基础材料层的表面上或附近,优选地至少在将设置顶层或背衬层的一侧处,与来自大气和/或来自基础材料层的水发生反应,(为此目的,例如,可以应用来自“瓦克(瓦克)”公司的“silres”产品,例如,silres BS1701,其可以纯净形式应用且然后与水反应;
-前述装置利用增强疏水性的装置,该装置结合到水泥基基础材料层中,优选地至少在其表面上或附近;
-前述装置利用形成不透水和/或防水填料和/或材料基质的装置;
-前述装置用于应用含有硅烷和/或硅氧烷的液体,更具体地是乳剂;(在应用产品后,优选地将该产品作为涂层应用后,水解开始,这使乳剂破裂,释放乙醇并形成防水的硅树脂基质;此处,所有物质都是耐碱性的);为此目的,例如,可以应用“瓦克”公司的“silres”类型的产品,例如,在应用silres BS3003的情况下,这可以在1:5至1:15的水中稀释度且基础材料层中的活性材料比总粘合剂为0.1-3%(优选在1%的数量级)的条件下应用;
-前面五段中所述的装置以这样的方式应用:优选地在哈谢克工艺期间,将其引入到形成水泥基材料层的物质中,且更具体地引入到湿物质(浆料)中;
-通过浸渍,更具体地在形成水泥基基础材料层之后,例如在根据哈谢克方法的生产之后,应用前面五段中所述的前述装置;
-通过涂覆工艺,优选地通过多余的产品,和/或优选地通过辊,且更具体地,通过两次湿碰湿(twice wet on wet)涂覆,应用前段中所述的装置;
-前述装置在于,添加所谓的金属皂(例如,
Figure BDA0002429486400000121
产品);例如,为此目的,可以使用硬脂酸铝/镁/钙/锌和/或月桂酸锌长链脂肪酸尾+金属);优选地,将其加入湿物料(例如,干重为0.1-1%的浆料糊;添加降低了毛细管效应和板中的水分摄入)中;
-前述装置在于,分别添加疏水性粉末的添加剂,例如,基于硅烷或有机硅树脂(例如,DOW SHP50/60);优选地,例如,将其添加到干重为0.1-2%、且优选地为0.25-0.5%的浆料中;这比硬脂酸盐和硅烷/硅树脂乳剂性能更佳;
-前述装置在于,分别添加具有疏水特征的硅酸盐(例如硅酸锂)的添加剂;其效果是双重的。一方面,CaOH被反应掉成为CaCO3,并且以这种方式,板得到增强,且变得不易于老化。另一方面,获得防水效果;
-作为前述硅烷的替代物,应用聚氨酯,优选地应用水基聚氨酯,且更具体地应用聚酯或聚醚类型的,且更具体地应用聚己内酯;其中,该聚氨酯优选地与作为粘合促进剂的交联剂一起应用,更具体地与碳二亚胺交联剂一起应用;这对于DPL顶层是特别有用的,因为作为三聚氰胺和纤维水泥板之间的粘合促进剂,这种交联剂将显示其最佳优点;
-前述装置在于,使用交联剂,优选地使用碳二亚胺,用于在纤维水泥板和顶层、更具体地为三聚氰胺基顶层之间形成改善的连接;
-前述装置(通过其可以理解产品以及之后在产品处提供结果的措施或操作)提供以下可能性之一或其组合:
-用于减少基础材料层的孔隙率和/或减少其毛细管效应和/或增加其密度的装置;
-使用具有较小PSD(粒度分布)、优选地小于商业水泥板中常用的PSD的水泥(在浆料中);
-使用比商业水泥板中常用的相对更多的水泥;
-与商业水泥板相比,增加二氧化硅或其他火山灰材料的量;
-用低粘度分散体浸渍水泥基基础材料层,该低粘度分散体例如通过丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂或异氰酸酯增强基础材料层或由此增强板或基底;可以通过例如真空和/或压力进行浸渍;
-在哈谢克工艺的情况下,增强层间结合,例如,通过加工润湿剂并应用哈谢克圆柱体或比对于常规技术稍粗(更大的表面/mm2)的筛网,和/或例如,通过在每个水泥层之间应用粘合剂,例如通过喷涂来应用;
-在哈谢克工艺(或任何其他基础成形工艺)之后且在压制之前和/或在硬化之前,用基于热塑性材料的物质(分散体)涂覆和/或浸渍;此处,水泥的放热反应使得热塑性液体能渗入整个板中,或者至少能渗入在此必须设置例如顶层的其表面;
-在基础材料层中应用以下化学产品中的一种或多种:丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸(共)聚合物、PVA或EVA聚合物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物、硅树脂的硅烷或硅氧烷。
47.-根据段落44至46中任一段的板,其特征在于,通过在板的主体中提供疏水性特征或因此在水泥基基础材料(浆料中)的主体中提供疏水性特征,或者通过浸渍和/或通过以预涂底漆的形式提供疏水性特征,或者通过提供疏水性特征的组合(通过该技术,也可以处理面板的边缘,特别是在其上形成的接合部分的表面,特别是允许机械锁定的铣削接合部分),可替代地应用本文上述装置,并且更具体地是应用在装置中的产生疏水性特征的产品,只要不与前述相矛盾。
显然,根据本发明,优选地存在设置于基础材料层上的顶层,其本身可以由一个或多个层组成。
最终产品的面板厚度可以选择,然而,在地板面板的情况下,总厚度优选地小于8mm,且更好地小于6mm,且甚至可能小于4mm。
在上文和下文以及权利要求中提及的所有实施方式的情况下,在水泥基基础层的情况下,优选地应使用纤维水泥,因此荷兰语中的“纤维水泥板”有时也称为水泥纤维板。
在与说明书和权利要求书不矛盾的情况下,根据本发明的水泥基物质也可以用其他矿物基物质代替,例如用氧化钙板代替。
注意,根据本发明的各个独立方面可以依据选择而组合,并且不包括任何矛盾的所有数学组合必须被认为是发明。此外,还可以将从属权利要求本身的所有特征与它们所引用的独立权利要求分开,并且将它们与一个或多个其他独立权利要求的特征组合,只要这不导致矛盾的特征。此处,所有数学组合也必须被认为已公开。
本发明还涉及制造这种板的方法,该方法可从权利要求中所述的板的组成中得出。
关于漆、油漆、涂层等的使用,根据本发明,优选地使用以下可能情形中的一种或多种,其中,这主要旨在用于水泥基板,特别是纤维水泥板:
背面漆:
-水基PVDC漆,例如Haloflex 202;
-可紫外光(UV)固化的所谓透明涂层漆(作为耐碱粘合剂)
水基预涂底漆
-具有20-60%的固体组分和20-600g/m2的施用重量;
-通过刷涂、辊涂、喷涂、幕涂和/或通过真空或压力浸渍施用;
-选自以下合适的底漆:丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸(共)聚合物、PVA或EVA聚合物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物;
-底漆包含疏水性添加剂,例如所谓的金属皂、氟化添加剂、硅烷、硅氧烷等;
-底漆包含填料,例如铝硅酸盐、硅酸盐、碱土金属碳酸盐、碳酸钙;
-底漆包含颜料,更具体地,包含耐碱颜料或金属氧化物;
-底漆包含交联剂,例如异氰酸酯、硅烷等,其实现与矿物板的额外交联;
UV底漆:
-施用重量20-40g/m2,固体组分为100%;
-具有耐碱粘合剂的UV丙烯酸漆;
-UV丙烯酸树脂,优选地具有异氰酸酯官能团;
-添加有交联剂,更具体地是异氰酸酯、硅烷等,或产生双组分固化机理;注意,异氰酸酯将与水泥纤维板中的OH、NH2和其他官能团发生化学反应。
UV密封剂:
-通过所谓的腻子机(putty machine)施用,其中,所有小开口和间隙被填充,由此确保在纤维水泥板和后续层(例如白漆)之间产生防潮层;
-施用重量20-50g/m2,固体组分为100%;
其他(以下)层的施用:
-UV白漆;
-喷墨接收涂层;
-数字印刷物;
-保护性耐磨漆,其包含例如氧化铝。
所有漆优选地是耐碱性的,因为在安装之后和清洁过程中,总是存在包含纤维水泥板的盐的水能够穿透漆层的小风险。
就这一点而言,本发明涉及水泥基板,更具体地涉及纤维水泥板,还涉及板,更具体地涉及面板,其满足明确限定的规格,由此它们更适合于室内应用,其与通常适用于表面板的规格相偏离。
根据本发明,板、面板分别优选地满足下表中所述的一个或多个规格,其中依据选择的组合是可能的。此处,在通常用于室外装饰的普通纤维水泥板的规格和根据本发明的纤维水泥板的规格之间进行比较,根据本发明的纤维水泥板的规格选择成,使得其可以有效地用作地板面板,特别是用于室内应用。考虑到对墙壁和天花板应用中的板的要求不及对地板面板要求严格,这些板也适用于墙壁和天花板应用。
Figure BDA0002429486400000171
应注意,根据本发明,上表中提到的每个标准必须被单独地视为发明构思,因此,来自该表的一个框的每个标准、以及两个或更多个标准的任何可能的组合必须被单独地视为发明构思。
还清楚的是,吸收率以重量百分比表示,因此,以板在吸收H2O前后的重量增加表示。
清楚的是,当确定上述吸收率时,从干燥或几乎干燥的板开始,换句话说,除了化学结合的水分之外,板不包括或几乎不包括可蒸发的水分。优选的是,在本文的实践中,从风干的面板开始,其中风干情形是通过在105℃的烘箱中通过抽吸来干燥该板3天而获得的。然后通过将板置于水中(如自来水中)来测量H2O吸收率,例如在24小时期间进行测量来获得“24小时吸收率”,以及在明显更长的时间期间进行测量来获得“最大H2O吸收率”,“最大H2O吸收率”是指直到水吸收曲线呈大致平坦的情形。实际上,为此可选择在大气压下测量3天。
优选地,在为根据本发明的板提供覆盖物之前,板实际经过研磨处理。
也可以应用下述标准:
Figure BDA0002429486400000181
因此优选地将保持根据本发明的板的一个或多个上述规格。主要地,该规格基本上用于必须涂漆或涂有漆的板。对于其他覆盖物,例如压在其上的三聚氰胺层,使用符合根据本发明的上述规格的板是有利的。
本发明的一个或多个标准的应用使得板特别适合用作地板面板、墙壁面板和天花板面板,并且前述标准应用得越多,板、面板各自就更适合于这些应用,这意味着,在此,板或面板在生产期间和之后更能抵抗损坏、不希望的变形和过度膨胀,和/或未涂覆的板更适合于从其开始形成完成品,换句话说,更适合于在其上设置覆盖物和/或设置接合装置,更具体地,本文的水平锁定接合装置和竖直锁定接合装置。
因此,这种标准本身已经形成了本发明。应当注意,这些标准能以任何方式实现,并且为此,可采用前述用于该目的的所有可能性、以及在本领域技术人员所知范围内的其他可能性。
为了获得满足所需标准的未涂覆的板,特别是在水吸收率和尺寸稳定性方面,例如通过如上所述增加纤维水泥的疏水性,以对基础材料层的材料的成分产生影响。
为了获得满足所需标准的未涂覆的板,特别是在水吸收率和尺寸稳定性方面,可例如通过如上所述增加纤维水泥的疏水性来对基础材料层的材料的成分产生影响,或可对朝向外部的防潮保护产生影响,或可对两者均产生影响。“朝向外部的保护”是指,至少在存在的无论什么种类的表面层的部分上,防止或减轻水分渗透和其他负面影响。通过施加这些层,基础材料层可被部分或全部包封,使得水吸收率满足预期标准。设置在装饰侧上的覆盖层可实现为不可渗透层。可能的背衬层也可实现为不可渗透层。最后,如果为了实现一个或多个期望的标准而是必要的,则接合装置(主要是铣削的锁定榫和锁定槽)也可设置有涂层和/或浸渍物,该涂层和/或浸渍物减小和/或排除沿着边缘的水分和水的吸收。然后,本领域技术人员可通过测试来确定应用这种措施的程度,使得板满足根据本发明所需的相应标准。
应注意,上表中最重要的标准之一以及独立的特征在于,未涂覆的板满足前述低24小时H2O吸收率的标准,换句话说,其低于5%,并且优选地低于3%,并且还更好地低于1.5%。
来自该表的另一个重要标准以及独立的特性在于,完全完成的面板所指的涂覆的板满足前述低24小时H2O吸收率的标准,换句话说,其也低于5%,并且优选地低于3%,并且还更好地低于1.5%。
根据实施例,本发明还涉及板,如本文以上描述的实施例中的任一个(来自编号段落以及来自其他所描述的可能性)中所限定的,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,该面板包括水泥基的基础材料层或基底,该基础材料层本身可包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,这些层中的一个或多个,并且优选地整个基础材料层,优选地基于纤维水泥,其中,该面板包括顶层,该顶层优选地赋予该面板装饰性外观,并且因此以涂层提供漆和/或印刷物和/或粘附于此的层,其特征在于,除了水泥之外,基础材料层还包括纤维和/或填料和/或填充剂,优选地除了可能的加工纤维之外,其中这些填料和/或纤维优选地包含合成材料和/或玻璃和/或结晶硅酸钙(包括水合物)和/或硬硅钙石和/或雪硅钙石和/或链硅酸盐和/或白硅钙石和/或硅灰石和/或海泡石和/或流纹岩和/或玄武岩和/或岩棉和/或辉绿岩和/或浮石和/或白垩岩和/或石灰石和/或滑石,其中在施用颗粒状填料的情况下,该填料优选地包含包括在1微米至200微米之间的颗粒和/或该填料优选地形成干水泥混合物的至少10重量%。
使用这种填料和/或纤维,更具体地,基于上述材料的使用,对基础材料层的品质以及由此在其中实现的接合部分的品质具有有利的影响。
在此,进一步优选的是,该板的特征在于,该板在至少一对边缘上设置有允许相互锁定接合的接合部分,该接合部分具有榫槽结构或具有使一者接合在另一者后面的钩形元件,和/或具有设置在边缘中的座中的单独锁定部分,更具体地是优选地包含合成材料的锁定部分,并且填料和/或纤维不仅居中地存在于板中,而且还存在于榫结构和/或槽结构中,由此意味着唇缘邻接槽,和/或存在于钩形元件中和/或所述座中,由此意味着该壁围绕该座。
此外,在此优选的是,该榫结构和/或槽结构和/或钩形元件和/或座通过铣削处理制造,并且因此包括铣削表面。
填料和/或纤维的存在改善了接合部分的强度,并且还允许实现更好的处理,以便通过铣削和其他手段获得这种接合部分。硅灰石的使用产生特别好的结果。
应当注意,允许相互锁定接合的接合部分本身是已知的。尤其从WO2014/108875的图11和WO 97/47834的附图中已知地板面板中具有榫槽结构的接合部分的示例。在此,根据本发明的接合部分优选地与基础材料层实现为单件。尤其从WO 2014/108875的图12、14、15和16中已知的接合部分的示例,接合部分具有接合在彼此后方的钩形元件和/或具有设置在边缘中的座中的单独锁定部分,更具体地,根据垂直于面板的方向提供锁定的锁定部分。从WO 01/75247的图7中已知具有钩形元件的整体接合部分的示例。
接合部分的这些基本形式还必须理解为通过引用WO 2014/108875、WO 97/47834和WO 01/75247而并入本文。
所附单个附图示意性地表示了这种板1的优选实施例,其中它作为墙壁覆盖板或墙壁面板抵靠板条结构2附接。
基础材料层3是石膏或纤维水泥板。在其顶部上,压制DPL层4,其本身包括一个或多个树脂浸渍板。可能地,提供反层5。通常在升高的温度下进行压缩。
接合装置6优选地是在D1和D2两个方向上锁定的类型,如图所示。优选地,它们也是允许通过旋转运动R而接合的类型。
如图所示,这里优选地使用较长的最后部唇缘7,其设有锁定元件8。
在前拐角边缘处可以设置倒角9。
优选地设置在锁定元件8处的优选带状元件10可形成预张紧和/或形成密封和/或形成可热激活的阻燃接头。
凹部11为钉子等的头部提供空间,使得整体是可打钉或可拧紧的。
当然,本发明不限于图中所示的示例。
而且,该图示意性地示出了地板面板,其中所示面板的后侧必须理解为下侧。锁定接合部分和其他特征,例如倒角9,可类似地用于地板面板中。
本发明最期望的应用是地板面板和墙壁面板。对于墙壁面板,优选地是房高面板,其在它们的边缘处设置有接合部分,这些边缘将竖直地安装,所述接合部分例如是如附图中所示的类型。对于地板面板,优选地涉及较小的面板,其在它们的四个边缘处设置有接合部分,该接合部分允许相互接合和锁定,以便能够通常形成所谓的浮动的地板覆盖物。纤维水泥的墙壁面板具有耐火的突出优点,而这种材料的地板面板几乎将不会由于温度变化等而膨胀。
本发明还涉及由此获得的基底,这些基底没有通过顶层等进一步加工。
应注意,WO 2018/138273中所包含的所有信息也必须理解为并入本申请中,作为与本申请的上述可能性相结合的替代可能性。
根据另一优选实施例,接合部分设置有防水或防潮物质。
在具体实施例中,本发明涉及一种板,更具体地涉及一种地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地为至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中该面板包括水泥基的基础材料层或基底,该基础材料层本身可包括一层或多层水泥基基础材料层,其中这些层中的一层或多层,以及优选地整个基础材料层,优选地基于纤维水泥,其中该板包括顶层,该顶层包括一个或多个合成材料层,该合成材料层至少整体地具有0.5mm并且还更好地1mm的厚度。其可为乙烯基层,例如LVT。这样,避免了纤维水泥中的分层,因为顶层足够坚固。
替代地,顶层还可为胶合到基础材料层上的HPL层。这种HPL层提供了坚固的表面,并且几乎排除了分层。

Claims (52)

1.板,其特征在于,所述板至少包括基底,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成,更具体地由纤维水泥板组成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许两个这样的板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合的板的平面中且垂直于接合的边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合的板的平面的方向上提供锁定;所述接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在所述板中,并且更具体地实现在所述基础材料层中;并且在所述板的前侧附近,在所述前侧与所述两个边缘中的至少一个边缘、且优选地两个边缘之间的拐角边缘上,以斜面或圆角的形式存在倒角;所述板包括覆盖物或顶层,优选地是树脂基的并优选地是直接压制的覆盖物;并且所述倒角延伸得比所述覆盖物或顶层的厚度深,并且因此至少延伸到所述基础材料层中,其中,所述倒角的表面包括或不包括覆盖物,优选地包括或不包括单独的覆盖物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板,其特征在于,所述覆盖物或顶层薄于2mm且优选地薄于1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的板,其特征在于,所述板进一步根据本文中以下权利要求中的任一项实现,只要这不包括任何矛盾的特征,和/或所述板包括一种或多种填料和/或纤维,诸如在本文中以下权利要求中所描述,和/或所述板是地板面板和/或墙壁面板,其中,在第一种情况下,所述前侧则形成所述地板面板的上侧。
4.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述板至少包括基底和树脂基覆盖物,所述基底至少由具有30kg/cm2的抗压强度的石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成,所述树脂基覆盖物以直接压在所述基底上的层压层、也称为“DPL”(直压式层压件)的形式设置在所述基底的至少一侧上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的板,其特征在于,所述板显示了以下特征中的任一个或多个:
-所述直压式层压件是用大于25kg/cm2的压力压制的层;
-所述基础材料层具有至少40kg/cm2且还更好地至少50kg/cm2的抗压强度;
-所述基础材料层具有至少70kg/cm2的抗压强度;
-所述基础材料层具有90kg/cm2或更大数量级的抗压强度。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的板,其特征在于,所述直压式层压件是已经用大于30kg/cm2且更好地大于35kg/cm2的压力压制的层,并且所述板的抗压强度高于该值。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述基础材料层是所谓的高压实石膏和/或水泥板。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述基础材料层包含增强材料,例如增强纤维,优选地由石膏纤维板或纤维水泥板组成,并且更具体地由高压实石膏纤维板或高压实纤维水泥板组成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的板,其特征在于,所述纤维存在于所述基础材料层中且基本在这一层的整个厚度上。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的板,其特征在于,所述纤维由一般合成纤维和/或一般天然纤维和/或木纤维和/或纸纤维和/或碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维组成。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,前述树脂基覆盖物位于板的旨在形成前侧的那一侧。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,从位于所述树脂基覆盖物上直到进入所述基础材料层的石膏基和/或水泥基材料中,树脂粘合剂持续存在。
13.根据权利要求12所述的板,其特征在于,所述树脂粘合剂的树脂在所述石膏基和/或水泥基材料中至少延伸达到一深度,所述深度至少是0.5毫米且更好地是至少1毫米。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述基底在上面设有所述树脂基覆盖物的一侧没有覆盖板,使得所述树脂基覆盖物进而直接存在于所述基础材料层上。
15.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,前述基底至少在上面设有所述树脂基覆盖物的一侧上包括覆盖板,所述覆盖板由一个或多个纸或纸板层构成或者由另一种材料构成,并且其中,所述树脂基覆盖物直接或间接地设置在所述纸或纸板层或其他覆盖板上。
16.根据权利要求15所述的板,其特征在于,所述纸或纸板层具有小于或等于0.18毫米且还更好地小于或等于0.1毫米的厚度。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述基底设有粘附性增强层,所述粘附性增强层增强了所述树脂基覆盖物的粘附性。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,前述树脂基材料层由通过树脂压制的一个或多个材料板形成。
19.根据权利要求18所述的板,其特征在于,至少一个所述材料片由纸组成,并且优选地所有所述材料片分别由纸组成。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的板,其特征在于,所述树脂基材料层至少由压在所述基底上的一个或多个树脂浸渍板材、更具体地纸张形成。
21.根据权利要求20所述的板,其特征在于,所述树脂基材料层至少由以下层之一组成,或者包括以下层中的任意两个的组合或以下层中的全部三个:
-浸渍有树脂的板材,所述板材用作基础层或下层;
-浸渍有树脂的板材,所述板材用作装饰层;
-浸渍有树脂的板材,所述板材用作覆盖层,优选地具有提高耐磨性的颗粒,例如刚玉。
22.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,无论是否具有图案,所述板都设有装饰层。
23.根据权利要求20所述的板,其特征在于,所述图案是直接设置在所述板上的印刷物,例如通过诸如喷墨打印机的数字打印机来实现。
24.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,在所述板的上侧中设置有浮雕,所述浮雕由凸起形成,优选地在压缩所述层压层时实现。
25.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述板在表面上显示图案和浮雕,并且所述浮雕与所述图案的图像套准。
26.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述树脂由热固性树脂、更具体地三聚氰胺树脂组成。
27.板,其特征在于,所述板至少包括基底,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成,并且在所述基底的至少一侧上以直接压在所述基底上的层压层、也称为“DPL”(直压式层压体)的形式设置有树脂基覆盖物,其中,所述板在至少两个相对的边缘上设置有允许将两个这种板彼此接合的接合装置。
28.根据权利要求27所述的板,其特征在于,所述接合装置提供至少所述基板的材料的重叠。
29.根据权利要求27或28所述的板,其特征在于,所述接合装置至少提供榫槽型材。
30.根据权利要求27、28或29所述的板,其特征在于,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定。
31.根据权利要求32所述的板,其特征在于,所述接合装置是这样的类型:所述接合装置允许通过转动而连接,优选地包括具有进一步延伸的最后部唇缘的槽,所述最后部唇缘设置有锁定元件(8)。
32.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述基础材料层上设有加强件;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;所述接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地制造在所述基础材料层中;并且上述加强件一直存在于所述接合装置中,其中所述接合装置优选地为已经描述的类型。
33.根据权利要求32所述的板,其特征在于,所述加强件由纤维形成,所述纤维存在于所述材料中,更具体地混合在所述材料中,并且因此也存在于与所述材料一体地制造的所述接合装置中;其中,这优选地是与传统施加的纤维素纤维不同的材料,并且还更优选地由合成材料纤维和/或玻璃纤维和/或矿物纤维组成,例如由岩棉纤维和/或硅灰石纤维组成。
34.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;所述接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在所述板中,并且更具体地实现在前述基础材料层中;并且所述板包括未处理的或设置有半完成覆盖物的使用侧。
35.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板或面板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;所述接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在所述基础材料层中;并且所述板是具有至少2.4米的长度的长方形,其中,包括前述接合装置的前述边缘由纵向边缘形成,其中,所述接合装置优选地为先前已经描述的类型和形式。
36.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;所述接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在所述板的材料中,并且更具体地实现在前述基础材料层的材料中;并且所述板包括表面尺寸为至少0.5平方米、且更好地为至少0.75平方米的有用表面,其中,所述接合部分优选地为先前已经描述的类型和形式。
37.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;并且所述接合装置设置有装置或元件,更具体地设置有材料层和/或材料带形式的装置或元件,所述装置或元件提供密封和/或张力,所述装置或元件以张力、更具体地以所谓的预张力将这些面板压向彼此。
38.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;并且所述接合装置设置有优选地为材料层和/或材料带形式的装置或元件,所述装置或元件提供温度能激活的密封。
39.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下根据在接合板的平面中且垂直于接合边缘的方向、以及在垂直于接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定;所述接合装置基本上一体地或完全一体地实现在所述板中,并且更具体地实现在所述基础材料层中;并且在所述板的前侧附近,在所述前侧与所述两个边缘中的至少一个、优选地两个边缘之间的拐角边缘处,以斜角或圆角的形式存在倒角。
40.板,其特征在于,所述板至少由基底组成,所述基底至少由石膏基和/或水泥基基础材料层形成;所述板在至少两个相对边缘上设有接合装置,所述接合装置允许将这些板中的两个板彼此接合,所述接合装置构造成使得它们在接合状态下至少在垂直于这些接合板的平面的方向上提供锁定,优选地借助于榫和槽;所述接合装置基本上一体或完全一体地实现在所述基础材料层中;并且所述槽由最前部唇缘和最后部唇缘界定,其中,所述最后部唇缘从远端看比所述最前部唇缘延伸得更远,并且其中,所述最后部唇缘是能打钉和/或能拧紧的和/或包括用于方便打钉和/或拧紧的装置,和/或构造成使得所述板可以通过抵靠下方表面或下方结构的夹具而与下唇缘附接。
41.根据权利要求40所述的板,其特征在于,如上所述的接合装置被应用。
42.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,所述水泥基和/或石膏基基础材料层由通过液体而结合的物质形成,更具体地通过使石膏基和/或水泥基主体硬化而形成。
43.根据权利要求1至41中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,代替水泥基和/或石膏基基础材料层,使用另一矿物基合成材料和/或地质聚合物。
44.板,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,所述面板包括水泥基基础材料层(或基底),所述水泥基基础材料层(或基底)本身能包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,所述面板优选地包括顶层,所述顶层本身能由一个或多个层组成并为所述面板赋予装饰性外观,并且所述面板设置有限制所述基础材料层中的水分摄入的装置,和/或设置有改善所述基础材料层中的内部结合的装置。
45.根据权利要求44所述的板,更具体地是面板,其特征在于,改善所述基础材料层中的水分摄入和/或改善所述基础材料层中的内部结合的前述装置根据以下可能情形中的至少一种而存在:
-所述装置至少应用在所述基础材料层的前侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是上侧)和/或后侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是下侧)附近,更具体地应用在所述基础材料层的相应表面处和/或应用在所述表面正下方;
-所述装置几乎排他地或排他地应用在所述基础材料层的前侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是上侧)和/或后侧(或在地板面板的情况下因此是下侧)附近,更具体地,应用在所述基础材料层的相应表面处和/或应用在所述表面正下方,而相应装置不存在或几乎不存在于所述基础材料层的中间;
-所述装置在所述基础材料层的整个厚度上应用。
46.板,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中所述面板包括水泥基基础材料层(或基底),所述水泥基基础材料层(或基底)本身能包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,所述面板优选地包括顶层,所述顶层本身能由一个或多个层组成并为所述面板赋予装饰性外观,并且所述面板包括改善所述顶层的粘附性和/或增强和/或减少水分摄入的装置(通过所述装置也能理解规定),并且其中,所述面板关于这些装置优选地还满足权利要求44和45,其特征在于,所述面板显示了以下特征中的一个或多个(其中在组合的情况下,两个或更多特征的任何不矛盾的组合必须被认为是根据本发明的可能情形):
-前述装置具有这样的性质,即,至少在所述基础材料层的表面上或附近,优选地至少在将设置顶层或背衬层的一侧处,从所述面板的厚度来看,前述装置提供耐碱性的和/或耐碱性得到改善的区域;
-前述装置具有这样的性质,即,至少在所述基础材料层的表面上或附近,优选地至少在将设置顶层或背衬层的一侧处,与来自大气和/或来自所述基础材料层的水发生反应,(为此目的,例如,能应用“瓦克”公司的“silres”产品,例如,silres BS1701,它能以纯净形式应用且然后与水反应);
-前述装置利用增强疏水性的装置,所述装置结合到所述水泥基基础材料层中,优选地至少在所述水泥基基础材料层的表面上或附近;
-前述装置利用形成不透水和/或防水填料和/或材料基质的装置;
-前述装置用于应用含有硅烷和/或硅氧烷的液体,更具体地是是乳剂;(在应用所述产品后,优选地将所述产品作为涂层应用后,水解开始,这使乳剂破裂,释放醇并形成防水的硅树脂基质;此处,所有物质都是耐碱性的);为此目的,例如,能应用“瓦克”公司的“silres”产品,例如,在应用silres BS3003的情况下,这能在1:5至1:15的水中稀释度且所述基础材料层中的活性材料比总粘合剂为0.1-3%(优选地在1%的数量级)的条件下应用;
-前面五段中所述的装置以这样的方式应用:优选地在哈谢克工艺期间,将所述装置引入到形成所述水泥基基础材料层的物质中,且更具体地引入到湿物质(浆料)中;
-通过浸渍,更具体地在形成所述水泥基基础材料层之后,例如在根据哈谢克方法的生产之后,应用前面五段中所述的前述装置;
-通过涂覆工艺,优选地通过多余的产品,和/或优选地通过辊,且更具体地,通过两次湿碰湿涂覆,应用前段中所述的装置;
-前述装置在于,添加所谓的金属皂(例如,
Figure FDA0002429486390000111
产品);例如,为此目的,可以使用硬脂酸铝/镁/钙/锌和/或月桂酸锌长链脂肪酸尾+金属);优选地,将这加入湿物料(例如,干重为0.1-1%的浆料糊;该添加降低了毛细管效应和所述板中的水分摄入)中;
-前述装置在于,分别添加疏水性粉末的添加剂,例如,基于硅烷或有机硅树脂(例如,DOW SHP50/60);优选地,例如,所述添加剂添加到干重为0.1-2%、且优选地为0.25-0.5%的浆料中;这比硬脂酸盐和硅烷/硅树脂乳剂性能更佳;
-前述装置在于,分别添加具有疏水特征的硅酸盐(例如硅酸锂)的添加剂;它的效果是双重的,一方面,CaOH被反应掉成为CaCO3,并且以这种方式,所述板得到增强,且变得不易于老化,另一方面,获得防水效果;
-作为前述硅烷的替代物,应用聚氨酯,优选地应用水基聚氨酯,且更具体地应用聚酯或聚醚类型的,且更具体地应用聚己内酯;其中,所述聚氨酯优选地与作为粘合促进剂的交联剂一起应用,更具体地与碳二亚胺交联剂一起应用;这对于DPL顶层是特别有用的,因为作为三聚氰胺和纤维水泥板之间的粘合促进剂,这种交联剂将显示它的最佳优点;
-前述装置在于,使用交联剂,优选地使用碳二亚胺,用于在纤维水泥板和顶层、更具体地为三聚氰胺基顶层之间形成改善的连接;
-前述装置(通过所述装置可以理解产品以及之后在所述产品处提供结果的措施或操作)提供以下可能性之一或组合:
-用于减少基础材料层的孔隙率和/或减少它的毛细管效应和/或增加它的密度的装置;
-使用具有较小PSD(粒度分布)、优选地小于商业水泥板中常用的PSD的水泥(在浆料中);
-使用比商业水泥板中常用的相对更多的水泥;
-与商业水泥板相比,增加二氧化硅或其他火山灰材料的量;
-用低粘度分散体浸渍所述水泥基基础材料层,所述低粘度分散体例如通过丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂或异氰酸酯增强所述基础材料层或由此增强板或基底;能通过例如真空和/或压力进行浸渍;
-在哈谢克工艺的情况下,增强层间结合,例如,通过加工润湿剂并应用哈谢克圆柱体或比对于常规技术稍粗(更大的表面/mm2)的筛网,和/或例如通过在每个水泥层之间应用粘合剂,例如通过喷涂来应用;
-在哈谢克工艺(或任何其他基础成形工艺)之后且在压制之前和/或在硬化之前,用基于热塑性材料的物质(分散体)涂覆和/或浸渍;此处,水泥的放热反应使得热塑性液体能渗入整个板中,或者至少能渗入在上面必须设置例如顶层的所述板的表面;
-在所述基础材料层中应用以下化学产品中的一种或多种:丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸(共)聚合物、PVA或EVA聚合物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物、硅树脂的硅烷或硅氧烷。
47.根据权利要求44至46中任一项所述的板,其特征在于,通过在所述板的主体中提供疏水性特征或因此在所述水泥基基础材料层(浆料中)的主体中提供疏水性特征,或者通过浸渍和/或通过以预涂底漆的形式提供疏水性特征,或者通过提供疏水性特征的组合(通过该技术,也能处理所述面板的边缘,特别是在上面形成的接合部分的表面,特别是允许机械锁定的铣削接合部分),能替代地应用本文上述装置,且更具体地是应用在所述装置中的产生疏水性特征的产品,只要不与前述相矛盾。
48.板,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,所述面板包括水泥基基础材料层或基底,所述水泥基基础材料层或基底本身能包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,这些层中的一个或多个,优选地,整个基础材料层,优选地基于纤维水泥,其中,所述面板优选地包括顶层,所述顶层优选地以漆和/或印刷物的形式为所述面板赋予装饰性外观,其特征在于,所述板设置有背面漆和/或水基预涂底漆和/或UV底漆和/或UV密封剂和/或后续层,并且这优选地显示了以下列出的特征中的一个或多个:
背面漆:
-水基PVDC漆,例如Haloflex 202;
-紫外光(UV)能固化的所谓透明涂层漆(作为耐碱粘合剂)水基预涂底漆
-具有20-60%的固体组分和20-600g/m2的施用重量;
-通过刷涂、辊涂、喷涂、幕涂和/或通过真空或压力浸渍施用;
-选自以下合适的底漆:丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸(共)聚合物、PVA或EVA聚合物、苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物;
-所述底漆包含疏水性添加剂,例如所谓的金属皂、氟化添加剂、硅烷、硅氧烷等;
-所述底漆包含填料,例如铝硅酸盐、硅酸盐、碱土金属碳酸盐、碳酸钙;
-所述底漆包含颜料,更具体地,包含耐碱颜料或金属氧化物;
-所述底漆包含交联剂,例如异氰酸酯、硅烷等,它实现与矿物板的额外交联;
UV底漆:
-施用重量20-40g/m2,固体组分为100%;
-具有耐碱粘合剂的UV丙烯酸漆;
-UV丙烯酸树脂,优选地具有异氰酸酯官能团;
-添加有交联剂,更具体地是异氰酸酯、硅烷等,或产生双组分固化机理;注意,异氰酸酯将与水泥纤维板中的OH、NH2和其他官能团发生化学反应;
UV密封剂:
-通过所谓的腻子机施用,其中,所有小开口和间隙被填充,由此确保在纤维水泥板和后续层(例如白漆)之间产生防潮层;
-施用重量20-50g/m2,固体组分为100%;
其他(以下)层的施用:
-UV白漆;
-喷墨接收涂层;
-数字印刷物;
-保护性耐磨漆,它包含例如氧化铝。
49.板,更具体地是呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,所述面板包括水泥基基础材料层或基底,所述水泥基基础材料层或基底本身能包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,这些层中的一个或多个,优选地,整个基础材料层,优选地基于纤维水泥,其中,所述面板包括顶层,所述顶层优选地为所述面板赋予装饰性外观,并且因此以涂层形式提供漆和/或印刷物和/或附设在上面的层,其特征在于,所述基础材料层(自此下述称为板)和/或经涂覆的板显示下表中提及的一个或多个特征:
Figure FDA0002429486390000161
50.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板,更具体地是一种呈地板面板和/或墙壁面板和/或天花板面板形式的面板,优选地是至少旨在用于室内应用的类型,其中,所述面板包括水泥基的基础材料层或基底,所述基础材料层本身能包括一个或多个水泥基基础材料层,其中,这些层中的一个或多个,并且优选地整个基础材料层,优选地基于纤维水泥,其中,所述面板包括顶层,所述顶层优选地赋予所述面板装饰性外观,并且因此以涂层提供漆和/或印刷物和/或粘附于此的层,其特征在于,除了水泥之外,所述基础材料层还包括纤维和/或填料和/或填充剂,优选地除了可能的加工纤维之外,其中,这些填料和/或纤维优选地包括合成材料和/或玻璃和/或结晶硅酸钙(包括水合物)和/或硬硅钙石和/或雪硅钙石和/或链硅酸盐和/或白硅钙石和/或硅灰石和/或海泡石和/或流纹岩和/或玄武岩和/或岩棉和/或辉绿岩和/或浮石和/或白垩岩和/或石灰石和/或滑石,其中,在作为颗粒状填料施用的情况下,该填料优选地包含包括在1微米至200微米之间的颗粒和/或该填料优选地形成干水泥混合物的至少10重量%。
51.根据权利要求50所述的板,其特征在于,所述板在至少一对边缘上设置有允许相互锁定接合的接合部分,所述接合部分具有榫槽结构或具有使一者接合在另一者后面的钩形元件和/或具有设置在边缘中的座中的单独锁定部分,更具体地是优选地包含合成材料的锁定部分,并且所述填料和/或纤维不仅居中地存在于所述板中,而且还存在于榫结构和/或槽结构中,由此意味着所述唇缘邻接所述槽,和/或存在于所述钩形元件中和/或所述座中,由此意味着所述壁围绕所述座。
52.根据权利要求51所述的板,其特征在于,所述榫结构和/或槽结构和/或钩形元件和/或座通过铣削处理制造,并且因此包括铣削表面。
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US20200263438A1 (en) 2020-08-20
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US11891815B2 (en) 2024-02-06
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