CN111065701B - 胶带用基材、胶带及其制造方法 - Google Patents
胶带用基材、胶带及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111065701B CN111065701B CN201880057743.9A CN201880057743A CN111065701B CN 111065701 B CN111065701 B CN 111065701B CN 201880057743 A CN201880057743 A CN 201880057743A CN 111065701 B CN111065701 B CN 111065701B
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
- C09J7/24—Plastics; Metallised plastics based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09J7/245—Vinyl resins, e.g. polyvinyl chloride [PVC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明提供一种薄壁且在涂覆水性底涂剂时能够抑制排斥发生的胶带用基材。根据本发明,提供一种胶带用基材,其相对于平均聚合度1200~1800的聚氯乙烯树脂100质量份,含有增塑剂25~75质量份、无机填充材料5~40质量份,所述无机填充材料的平均粒径为0.05~0.8μm,所述基材的厚度为40~80μm。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及胶带用基材、胶带及其制造方法。本发明的胶带具有优异的耐寒性,能够适用于暴露于低温环境下的电线·电缆的捆束用途。
【背景技术】
作为汽车、铁路、飞机、船舶、房屋、工厂等中的各种电气设备所使用的绝缘胶带等各种粘着膜,具有适当的柔软性和延伸性,在阻燃性、机械强度、耐热变形性、电绝缘性及成型加工性等方面优异,并且价格较低廉,因此使用有在以含有聚氯乙烯树脂的树脂组合物为原料的基材的单面涂布有粘合剂的聚氯乙烯系粘着膜及胶带(专利文献1)。
【现有技术文献】
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】日本特开平11-209718
【发明内容】
【发明要解决的问题】
对于上述聚氯乙烯系胶带,近年来考虑到在寒冷地区的使用,正在寻求赋予在电线上缠绕胶带后于-30℃的环境下弯折缠绕有胶带的电线,胶带也不产生裂纹或开裂的延展性。
作为赋予了低温下的延展性的聚氯乙烯系胶带,提出了使用有在聚氯乙烯树脂中混合氯化聚乙烯与丙烯酸聚合物而成的基材的胶带,但从生产率、形状的均匀性等方面来看,该基材是采用使用了压延辊的制法(轧制)进行生产的,若氯化聚乙烯或丙烯酸聚合物的量增加,则在使用了压延辊的制法(轧制)中存在无法从轧辊上剥离等生产率降低的问题。
另外,对于汽车、飞行器,除了降低成本以外,还存在强烈的轻量化需求,因此存在强烈的薄壁化需求,但对于赋予了低温下的延展性的基材,出现了进行薄壁化后,在涂覆水性底涂剂时会产生排斥的问题。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而进行的,提供一种薄壁且在涂覆水性底涂剂时能够抑制排斥产生的胶带用基材。
【解决问题的方案】
即,本发明如下所述。
(1)一种胶带用基材,相对于平均聚合度1200~1800的聚氯乙烯树脂100质量份,包含增塑剂25~75质量份、无机填充材料5~40质量份,其中,所述无机填充材料的平均粒径为0.05~0.8μm,所述基材的厚度为40~80μm。
(2)如(1)所述的基材,其中,所述增塑剂熔点为-40℃以下。
(3)一种胶带,在(1)或(2)所述的基材上依次具备底涂层和粘合剂层。
(4)如(3)所述的胶带,其中,所述底涂层包含使(甲基)丙烯酸酯接枝聚合在天然橡胶上的接枝聚合物。
(5)如(3)或(4)所述的胶带,为捆束用胶带。
(6)一种胶带的制造方法,包括底涂层形成工序和粘合剂层形成工序,在所述底涂层形成工序中,在(1)或(2)所述的基材上涂布底涂剂形成底涂层,在所述粘合剂层形成工序中,在所述底涂层上涂布粘合剂形成粘合剂层。
(7)如(6)所述的胶带的制造方法,其中,所述底涂剂包含水性乳胶。
(8)如(7)所述的胶带的制造方法,其中,所述水性乳胶包含使(甲基)丙烯酸酯接枝聚合在天然橡胶上的接枝聚合物乳胶。
【发明效果】
本发明人针对低温延展性适宜的40μm~80μm厚的基材,对水性底涂剂在表面被排斥的问题进行深入研究,发现若无机填充材料的平均粒径为0.05~0.8μm之间,则可抑制底涂剂被排斥,从而完成了本发明。使用本发明的基材制作的胶带具有优异的耐寒性,能够适用于暴露于低温环境下的电线·电缆的捆束用途。
【具体实施方式】
1.胶带用基材及其制造方法
本发明的胶带用基材相对于平均聚合度为1200~1800的聚氯乙烯树脂100质量份,含有增塑剂25~75质量份、无机填充材料5~40质量份,所述无机填充材料的平均粒径为0.05~0.8μm,所述基材的厚度为40~80μm。
以下对各构成进行详细说明。
<聚氯乙烯树脂>
作为本发明中的聚氯乙烯树脂,平均聚合度为1200~1800,对于各平均聚合度的聚氯乙烯树脂可以单独使用或选择两种以上使用。若平均聚合度低于1200,则基材加工时树脂变得过于柔软,成膜性降低。若平均聚合度高于1800,则基材变硬,卷绕于电线时胶带对电线的追随性降低。平均聚合度能够通过GPC测定。
<增塑剂>
作为本发明中的增塑剂,可以使用能够赋予聚氯乙烯树脂柔软性的任何增塑剂,具体而言,可举出DINP(邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯)、DHP(邻苯二甲酸二庚酯)、DOP(邻苯二甲酸酸二-2-乙基己酯)、n-DOP(邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯)、DIDP(邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯)、BBP(邻苯二甲酸苄基丁酯)、TOTM(偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯)、DOA(己二酸二-2-乙基己酯)、TCP(磷酸三甲苯酯)、BOA(己二酸苄酯辛酯)、DPCP(甲苯基二苯基磷酸酯)、己二酸二异癸酯、环氧大豆油、环氧亚麻籽油、氯化石蜡等。这些可以单独使用或选择两种以上使用。作为增塑剂,优选熔点为-40℃以下。这是因为该情况下,即使在-30℃的环境下也能够使基材的拉伸伸长率良好。
上述增塑剂的含量为25~75质量份,优选为45~75质量份,更优选为50~70质量份,进一步优选为55~65质量份。另外,在增塑剂的含量为25质量份以上时,在-30℃环境下的拉伸伸长率容易变得良好。在增塑剂的含量为75质量份以下时,基材不会变得过于柔软,可抑制拉伸强度降低、成膜性变差。另外,增塑剂向粘合剂层的转移受到抑制,因而可抑制由于粘合力降低而导致胶带从电线上剥落。
<无机填充材料>
作为本发明中的无机填充材料,能够使用可用作聚氯乙烯树脂的填充材料的任何无机颗粒,例如可以使用氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氢氧化锆、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钡、亚磷酸三苯酯、聚磷酸铵、聚磷酰胺、氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化钼、磷酸胍、水滑石、蒙脱石、硼酸锌、无水硼酸锌、偏硼酸锌、偏硼酸钡、氧化锑、三氧化二锑、五氧化二锑、红磷、滑石粉、矾土、二氧化硅、勃姆石、膨润土、硅酸钠、硅酸钙、硫酸钙、碳酸钙、碳酸镁的无机颗粒。
无机填充材料的平均粒径为0.05~0.8μm,优选0.07~0.75。平均粒径可通过空气透过法并采用以下方法求出。
(1)在截面积2cm2的试样筒中放入筛板,在上面铺上专用滤纸。称量试样3g放入试样筒,在上面铺上一张滤纸,用活塞加压填充,将试样层的厚度调整为1.35cm。
(2)在试样筒的磨合面上涂上油脂组装到测定装置,使试样层两端的压力差ΔP为500mmH2O,测定5cc空气透过试样层的时间。
(3)其中,对于比表面积为5000cm2/g以下的产品,使试样层的厚度为1.20cm、试样层两端的压力差为△P为200mmH2O。
(4)通过下式计算试样的平均粒径。
【式1】
其中,
式中,dm:平均粒径(μm)
Sw:粉体比表面积(cm2/g)
ε:试样填充层的空隙率
ρ:粉体密度(g/cm3)(=2.70)
η:空气的粘性系数(g/cm·sec)(=181×10-c;20℃)
L:试样层厚度(cm)(=1.35或者1.20)
Q:试样层透过流体量(cc)(=5)
ΔP:试样层两端压力差(g/cm2)(=50或者20)
A:试样层截面积(cm2)(=2)
t:Q cc的空气透过试样层所需要的时间(sec)
W:试样重量(g)(=3)
无机填充材料的含量为5~40质量份,优选10~35质量份,更优选15~30质量份。
<其他添加剂>
本发明的聚氯乙烯系基材可根据需要在不妨碍本发明的效果的范围内配合改性剂及作为其他添加剂的着色剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、润滑剂等。
作为改性剂,例如可举出氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-丙烯共聚物、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、热塑性聚氨酯、聚酯系热塑性弹性体等。这些可单独使用或选择两种以上使用。
<胶带用基材的制造方法>
本发明的胶带用基材可通过将混合有聚氯乙烯树脂、增塑剂、无机填充材料、其他添加剂等的组合物熔融混炼而得到。熔融混炼方法没有特别限定,可以使用双螺杆挤出机、连续式及分批式捏合机、轧辊、班伯里密炼机等具备加热装置的各种混合机、混炼机,将所述组合物以均匀分散的方式混合,利用常用的成型方法,即压延法、T模法、吹塑法等使得到的混合物在基材上成型。对于成型机,从生产率、变色、形状均匀性等方面考虑,优选压延成型机。压延成型中的轧辊排列方式可采用例如L型、倒L型、Z型等公知的方式,另外,轧辊温度通常设定为150~200℃,优选为155~190℃。基材厚度通常为40~80μm,优选为50~75μm,更优选为50~70μm。
2.胶带及其制造方法
本发明的胶带在上述胶带用基材上依次具备底涂层和粘合剂层。若使用上述胶带用基材,则即使在涂布了含有水性乳胶的底涂剂的情况下,也会抑制底涂剂在基材上被排斥,因此容易在基材上形成均匀的底涂层。所以能够以较高的生产效率制造基材与粘合剂层的密合性优异的胶带。
上述胶带可通过具备底涂层形成工序和粘合剂层形成工序的方法制造。以下对各工序进行说明。
<底涂层形成工序>
在底涂层形成工序中,在上述基材上涂布底涂剂形成底涂层。底涂剂优选含有水性乳胶的水系底涂剂。在现有基材中,若将水系底涂剂涂布在基材上,则基材会排斥底涂剂而难以均匀地形成底涂层,但是通过使用本发明的基材,即使在使用水系底涂剂的情况下,也可抑制基材排斥底涂剂。
作为底涂剂的水性乳胶,优选含有天然橡胶乳胶,该天然橡胶乳胶含有来自天然橡胶的成分,更优选含有使(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例:甲基丙烯酸甲酯)接枝聚合于天然橡胶而成的接枝聚合物乳胶。另外,进一步优选水性乳胶还含有丙烯腈丁二烯共聚物乳液。
作为上述接枝聚合物乳胶,优选天然橡胶为70~50质量%而(甲基)丙烯酸酯为30~50质量%的范围。若接枝聚合物中的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的比例小于30质量%,则(甲基)丙烯酸酯与膜基材的密合性变差,有时会引起胶带的层间剥离。另外,若(甲基)丙烯酸酯的比例大于50质量%,则底漆组合物本身固化而无法追随膜基材的变形,有时会引起胶带的层间剥离。
作为上述丙烯腈丁二烯共聚物乳液,包括中腈类型(腈含量25~30%)、中高腈类型(腈含量31~35%)、高腈类型(腈含量36~43%)等。这些可以单独使用或选择两种以上混合使用。
可通过在将上述底涂剂涂布在基材上后使其干燥而形成底涂层。底涂层含有从上述乳胶或乳液除去水而得到的树脂(来自天然橡胶的成分、接枝聚合物、丙烯腈丁二烯共聚物)。
作为底涂剂的涂覆方式,可举出凹版式、喷雾式、辊舔式、棒涂式、刮刀式等。底涂剂厚度通常为0.1~1μm,优选0.3~0.5μm。
<粘合剂层形成工序>
在粘合剂层形成工序中,在上述底涂层上涂布粘合剂形成粘合剂层。
作为本发明中的粘合剂层,优选粘合剂层相对于由天然橡胶乳胶及合成橡胶乳胶组成的混合物的橡胶成分100质量份(固体成分),含有增粘树脂乳液50~150质量份(固体成分)。
作为上述由天然橡胶乳胶与合成橡胶乳胶组成的混合物的橡胶成分,可举出天然橡胶-(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例:甲基丙烯酸甲酯)共聚物乳胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物乳胶、丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物乳胶、(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例:甲基丙烯酸甲酯)-丁二烯共聚物乳胶等。这些可以单独使用或选择两种以上混合使用。
作为上述增粘树脂乳液,可考虑软化点、与各成分的相溶性等来选择。例如可举出萜烯树脂、松香树脂、氢化松香树脂、古马隆·茚树脂、苯乙烯树脂、脂肪族石油树脂、脂环族石油树脂、萜烯酚醛树脂、二甲苯树脂、其他脂族烃树脂或芳烃树脂等。这些可以单独使用,也可以混合两种以上使用。
作为粘合剂的涂覆方式,可举出逗号涂布式、唇模式、凹版式、轧辊式等。粘合剂层的厚度根据使用目的或用途等多种多样,通常为5~50μm,优选10~30μm。
<后工序>
上述粘合剂层形成工序之后,在利用干燥炉使水分充分干燥的基础上,将粘合剂面与剥离纸贴合而形成粘着膜。另外,在使粘合剂层干燥后,卷绕成磁带卷形状,切断为任意宽度,从而可形成胶带形状。
3.胶带的物理特性·用途
本发明的胶带的特征在于,-30℃环境下的拉伸伸长率为80%~220%。
本发明的胶带具有优异的耐寒性,能够适用于暴露在低温环境下的电线·电缆的捆束用途。
【实施例】
以下列举实施例更详细地对本发明进行说明。另外,这些都仅为示例,不用于限定本发明的内容。应予说明,在没有特殊要求的情况下比以质量基准表示。
1.实施例·比较例的样品胶带的制作
(1)基材的制作
按照表1~表2所示的配方用班伯里密炼机将聚氯乙烯树脂、增塑剂、以及无机填充材料以均匀地分散的方式熔融混炼后,利用压延成型机在轧辊温度165℃下成型,制作表所示厚度的基材。
(2)底涂层形成
以凹版式在制作的基材上涂布如表所示配方的底涂剂并使其干燥,从而形成底涂层。
(3)粘合剂层形成
用逗号涂布式在底涂层上涂覆粘合剂,干燥后形成粘合剂层,卷绕成磁带卷形状后切断为10mm宽度,得到样品胶带。作为粘合剂,使用由丙烯酸改性天然橡胶系乳胶(MMA/NR共聚物乳胶(MMA/NR组成比=30/70)、(株)REGITEX公司、MG-40S)40份、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物乳胶((苯乙烯/丁二烯组成比=25/75)、JSR株式会社、T-093A)60份、增粘树脂乳液(C5石油树脂乳液、荒川化学株式会社、AP2100NT)120份配合而成的混合物。
2.评价
按照“4.评价方法·基准”所示的方法及基准对上述基材及样品胶带进行各种评价。将其结果示于表1~表2。
【表1】
【表2】
表中所示的材料具体如下所述。
ADK CIZER D-32:环氧化脂肪酸辛酯、株式会社ADEKA制
SOFTON2200、SOFTON3200:碳酸钙、备北粉化工业制
CALSEEDS P、CALSEEDS PL-10:碳酸钙、神岛化学工业株式会社
KT-4612-A:使甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝聚合于天然橡胶而成的接枝聚合物乳胶与丙烯腈丁二烯共聚物乳液的混合物乳液、株式会社E-TEC制
REGITEX MG40:以“天然橡胶乳胶”为基材对单甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行接枝聚合而将天然橡胶乳胶改性而得、株式会社REGITEX制
NIPOL1562:丙烯腈·丁二烯系乳胶(中高腈)、日本ZEON株式会社制
3.考察
所有实施例在全部评价项目中均得到了良好的结果。
比较例1中,由于无机填充材料的平均粒径过大,因此引起底涂排斥及末端剥落,且-30℃下的储能模量变得过大。
比较例2中,由于聚氯乙烯树脂的平均聚合度过小,因此-30℃下的拉伸伸长率变得过小且引起轧辊剥落。
比较例3中,由于聚氯乙烯树脂的平均聚合度过大,因此-30℃下的储能模量变得过大且引起末端剥落。
比较例4中,由于增塑剂过少,因此引起末端剥落。
比较例5中,由于增塑剂过多,因此引起轧辊剥落。
比较例6中,由于无机填充材料过少,因此引起轧辊剥落。
比较例7中,由于无机填充材料过多,因此引起底涂排斥及末端剥落。
比较例8中,由于基材过厚,因此-30℃下的储能模量变得过大且引起末端剥落。
4.评价方法·基准
<底涂排斥>
使用涂抹器,在基材上以10m/min的速度将底涂剂涂布为4μm厚,观察情况。
○:涂布后立即观察3秒后基材上的底涂剂没有变化。
×:涂布后立即观察3秒后,底涂剂从基材上被排斥,观察到圆形的凹陷。
<-30℃环境下的拉伸伸长率>
以JIS C 2107为基准测定的抗拉强度。在设定为温度-30±2℃的评价实验室内进行测定。测定结果按以下方式判断。
良:拉伸伸长率为80%以上
不良:拉伸伸长率小于80%
<-30℃环境下的储能模量(E’)>
“储能模量”通过动态粘弹性测定求得。将测定用样品胶带在设定为温度-30±2℃的评价实验室内保管24小时以上,使用下述装置对该测定用样品胶带施加频率1Hz的拉伸方向的应力及形变,测定-30℃下的储能模量。
装置:TA Instruments社制动态粘弹性测定装置RSA3
良:储能模量为1.5×109Pa以下
不良:储能模量大于1.5×109Pa
<末端剥落>
在电线上将样品胶带缠绕为半绕状(half wrap),缠绕结束后切断时以目视判定末端部分有无末端剥落,并按以下方式判断。
良:末端部分没有末端剥落
不良:末端部分有末端剥落
<压延辊剥离>
在轧辊温度165℃下进行压延成型,判定从基材的轧辊上的剥离情况,按以下方法判断。
良:剥离时不粘连轧辊
不良:粘连轧辊,难以剥离或无法剥离
Claims (8)
1.一种胶带用基材,相对于平均聚合度1200~1800的聚氯乙烯树脂100质量份,包含增塑剂25~75质量份、无机填充材料5~40质量份,
所述无机填充材料为碳酸钙,
所述无机填充材料的平均粒径为0.05~0.8μm,
所述基材的厚度为40~80μm。
2.如权利要求1所述的基材,其中,
所述增塑剂的熔点为-40℃以下。
3.一种胶带,其在权利要求1或2所述的基材上依次具备底涂层和粘合剂层。
4.如权利要求3所述的胶带,其中,
所述底涂层包含使(甲基)丙烯酸酯接枝聚合于天然橡胶而成的接枝聚合物。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的胶带,其为捆束用胶带。
6.一种胶带的制造方法,包括底涂层形成工序和粘合剂层形成工序,
在所述底涂层形成工序中,在权利要求1或2所述的基材上涂布底涂剂形成底涂层,
在所述粘合剂层形成工序中,在所述底涂层上涂布粘合剂形成粘合剂层。
7.如权利要求6所述的胶带的制造方法,其中,
所述底涂剂包含水性乳胶。
8.如权利要求7所述的胶带的制造方法,其中,
所述水性乳胶包含使(甲基)丙烯酸酯接枝聚合于天然橡胶而成的接枝聚合物乳胶。
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