CN105838276B - 一种胶带的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种胶带的制备方法，混合消光PVC与HMWPVC，加入纤维粉体，分散剂，增塑剂，石蜡，加热保温后，使用有机溶剂萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡，晾干后表面先后涂抹丙烯酸与二苯甲酮，在紫外高压汞灯下照射，得到基材，将胶黏剂涂布在所述基材一面，烘干；将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。本发明制备的胶带具有良好的耐热冷性能、力学性能和绝缘性，浸润效果好，与胶黏剂之间的粘接力强，不易产生脱胶的现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胶带，尤其涉及一种粘结性能优异的胶带，属于胶带技术领域。
背景技术
1928年在美国明尼苏达圣保罗，理查·德鲁发明了透明胶带。胶带按他的功效可分为：高温胶带、双面胶带、绝缘胶带、特种胶带、压敏胶带、模切胶带，不同的功效适合不同的行业需求。胶带表面上涂有一层粘着剂，才能令胶带粘住物品。
当前的胶带制造领域，基层材料使用普通PVC，然后将胶黏剂涂布在PVC薄膜上制成胶带，公布号CN103305149A的专利公开了一种高强度胶带，包括基材层、粘胶层和离型纸层，所述的粘胶层涂覆在基材层一侧，所述的离型纸层与粘胶层另一侧贴合，所述的基材层为高强度复合膜，由上膜、中间层和下膜组成，所述的中间层为金属丝网，所述的上、下膜均采用PVC材质。该胶带是用PVC材质，普通的PVC材质对胶黏剂的粘结性不好，容易在胶带使用的过程中造成脱胶或者胶黏剂容易粘附在物体表面，产生残留胶黏剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种胶带的制备方法，提高胶黏剂与基材的粘结性能，减少脱胶现象。
本发明的技术方案为：一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60～80质量份的消光PVC，20～30质量份HMWPVC，1～3质量份的纤维粉体，0.5～0.8质量份的分散剂，10～15质量份增塑剂，10～20质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至70～80℃恒温1～2h，升温至90～100℃恒温2～3h，使用有机溶剂萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡30～50min，晾干后表面涂抹丙烯酸与二苯甲酮，在1000～1100W紫外高压汞灯下照射30～50s，得到基材；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
本方案中，使用消光PVC与HMWPVC的混合材料，消光PVC可以调高基材层的比表面积，有利于胶黏剂的粘结，而HMWPVC具有高的空隙率，有利于提高增塑剂的吸收量，空隙率大，也有利于减少增塑剂的抽出，提高加工性能，有利于粘着，提高基材层的质量。
聚合度高则其分子质量高，分子链长且卷曲性大，分子链间的缠结点增多，结晶度也较通用型PVC树脂高，从而使HPVC的分子链间的作用力增强，分子链间的滑移困难同时，又由于HPVC能吸收较多的增塑剂，故其软制品不仅强度高、耐热性好，而且回弹性好、压缩永久形变也小，耐磨、耐寒性优异，具有热塑性弹性体的特点，但是过高聚合度的材料增加了成本，不适合在日常生活中的使用，因此，要选取即能符合高性能又能节约成本的高聚合度聚乙烯。
纤维粉体的加入，使PVC包裹纤维粉体材料，PVC材料与纤维粉体材料的收缩率相差非常大，在成膜的过程中会产生较多的孔隙，提高了PVC材料的空隙率，提高PVC材料的亲水性能，有利于胶黏剂的浸润，同时纤维粉体材料起到物理交联的作用，提高PVC的强度。
石蜡的加入起到了成孔剂的作用，石蜡作为非良性溶剂，当石蜡从体系中溶出后，留下大量的孔隙，增加了PVC的孔隙率。
通过紫外光的催化，在PVC的表面产生很多自由基的活性点，利用活性点与羧基的结合，使膜表面形成疏松的复合层，使膜具有更好的亲水性、抗污染性、选择分离性等。
进一步地，所述有机溶剂为乙酸戊酯、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、乙醚、月桂酸中的一种。
上述方案，进一步地，步骤1中所述HMWPVC的聚合度为2500～3000。合适的聚合度既能保证良好的性能，又能控制材料的成本。
进一步地，所述纤维粉体为植物纤维粉体或蛋白纤维粉体，所述纤维粉体的粒径为1.8～2.3μm。纤维粉体需要合适的粒径大小，合适的粒径可以加强粉体与高分子组分的结合，太大的粒径会导致高分子材料产生较大的缺陷，太小粒径的纤维粉体非常容易团聚，不易在高分子材料中分散。
进一步地，所述分散剂为聚乙烯醇。分散剂使用，一方面会使单体一水相界面间界面张力减小，有利于单体液滴保持较小粒径；另一方面提高了水相粘度，相对增加了单体液滴运动阻力，使发粘液滴间碰撞力降低，并且虽然分散剂用量少，吸附在液滴颗粒界面上，从而增加了界面黏度，使剪切粘性阻力变大，阻碍了液滴分散。当液滴碰撞时，界面黏度会使吸附更加不易变形、移动、破裂，减少了液滴并聚的机会，使体系保持悬浮聚合。聚乙烯醇与PVC材料的相容性较好，更加有利于分散剂分散性能的发挥。
进一步地，所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二仲辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述二苯甲酮的浓度为30％～50％。二苯甲酮作为紫外线下丙烯酸与PVC的引发剂，增加引发剂的浓度可以使PVC的表面的活性点增多，可以提高反应的效率，但是过高的浓度，加大了溶液对紫外线的吸收，导致了实际过程中到达PVC表面的紫外线量减少，不利于反映的进行，因此，合适的引发剂浓度对于提高反应的效率具有重要的作用。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)通过使用消光PVC和HMWPVC的混合PVC作为基材层，不仅有效地提高了基材层的粘着力，减少脱胶现象，还提高了基材层的耐热冷性能、力学性能和绝缘性。
(2)纤维粉体和石蜡的加入使制成的PVC材料具有多孔隙结构，具有较大的表面能，具有较好的浸润性。
(3)通过在紫外光下与丙烯酸反应，引入亲水基团，膜表面形成疏松的复合层，使膜具有更好的亲水性、抗污染性、选择分离性。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60质量份的消光PVC，20质量份聚合度为2500的HMWPVC，1质量份粒径为1.8μm的植物纤维粉体，0.8质量份的聚乙烯醇，15质量份邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯，10质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至80℃恒温2h，升温至100℃恒温3h，使用乙酸戊酯萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡30min，晾干后表面涂抹丙烯酸与浓度为30％的二苯甲酮，在1000W紫外高压汞灯下照射30s，得到基材；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
实施例2
一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将80质量份的消光PVC，30质量份聚合度为2500的HMWPVC，2质量份粒径为2μm的蛋白纤维粉体，0.5质量份的聚乙烯醇，3质量份邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、7质量份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，20质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至80℃恒温1h，升温至95℃恒温2h，使用月桂酸萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡40min，晾干后表面涂抹丙烯酸与浓度为30％的二苯甲酮，在1100W紫外高压汞灯下照射40s，得到基材；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
实施例3
一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将70质量份的消光PVC，25质量份聚合度为2800的HMWPVC，2质量份粒径为2.3μm的蛋白纤维粉体，0.7质量份的聚乙烯醇，13质量份邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯，15质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至76℃恒温1h，升温至95℃恒温2h，使用氯仿萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡50min，晾干后表面涂抹丙烯酸与浓度为50％的二苯甲酮，在1100W紫外高压汞灯下照射50s，得到基材；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
实施例4
一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将70质量份的消光PVC，30质量份聚合度为3000的HMWPVC，1.5质量份粒径为2.1μm的植物纤维粉体，0.5质量份的聚乙烯醇，10质量份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，20质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至80℃恒温1h，升温至95℃恒温2h，使用乙醚萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡50min，晾干后表面涂抹丙烯酸与浓度为30％的二苯甲酮，在1100W紫外高压汞灯下照射50s，得到基材；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
实施例5
一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60质量份的消光PVC，20质量份聚合度为2800的HMWPVC，2质量份粒径为2.1μm的植物纤维粉体，0.6质量份的聚乙烯醇，10质量份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，20质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至80℃恒温1h，升温至95℃恒温2h，使用乙醚萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡45min，晾干后表面涂抹丙烯酸与浓度为40％的二苯甲酮，在1100W紫外高压汞灯下照射40s，得到基材；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
按照实施例1～5制备胶带与普通胶带一起，使用剥离强度试验机测试180°剥离强度，将尺寸相同的胶带贴在木质三合板表面，使用橡胶滚筒反复滚压10次，在室温条件下分别放置1、3、5、7、9天后，将胶带90°撕开，观察木质三合板表面的胶带残留情况。
表1
通过实验结果可以看出，本发明制备的胶带，由于基材与胶黏剂之间的粘接力大，也提高了胶带的粘结性能，同时，胶带与粘结剂之间在长期使用撕掉胶带后，页不易发生脱胶的现象。
鉴于本发明方案实施例众多，各实施例实验数据庞大众多，不适合于此处逐一列举说明，但是各实施例所需要验证的内容和得到的最终结论均接近，故而此处不对各个实施例的验证内容进行逐一说明，仅以上述部分实施例作为代表说明本发明申请优异之处。在涉及同一指标的不同测试方案时，采用本发明方案指出的任一均可以，并且均不超出本发明要求保护的范围内。
本处实施例对本发明要求保护的技术范围中点值未穷尽之处以及在实施例技术方案中对单个或者多个技术特征的同等替换所形成的新的技术方案，同样都在本发明要求保护的范围内；同时本发明方案所有列举或者未列举的实施例中，在同一实施例中的各个参数仅仅表示其技术方案的一个实例(即一种可行性方案)，而各个参数之间并不存在严格的配合与限定关系，其中各参数在不违背公理以及本发明述求时可以相互替换，特别声明的除外。
Claims (5)
1.一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将60～80质量份的消光PVC，20～30质量份HMWPVC，1～3质量份的纤维粉体，0.5～0.8质量份的分散剂，10～15质量份增塑剂，10～20质量份的石蜡搅拌均匀后，加热至70～80℃恒温1～2h，升温至90～100℃恒温2～3h，使用有机溶剂萃取石蜡，经过烘干后压延制成薄膜，所述薄膜使用乙醇浸泡30～50min，晾干后表面先后涂抹丙烯酸与二苯甲酮，在1000～1100W紫外高压汞灯下照射30～50s，得到基材；所述HMWPVC的聚合度为2500～3000；所述纤维粉体为植物纤维粉体或蛋白纤维粉体，所述纤维粉体的粒径为1.8～2.3μm；
(2)将胶黏剂涂布在步骤1得到的基材一面，烘干；
(3)将基材另一面贴上离型膜，分条分切后制成胶带。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于：所述有机溶剂为乙酸戊酯、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、乙醚、月桂酸中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于：所述分散剂为聚乙烯醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于：所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二仲辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种胶带的制备方法，其特征在于：所述二苯甲酮的浓度为30％～50％。
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| CN109370460A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-22 | 宁波吉象塑胶科技股份有限公司 | 一种静音胶带 |
| CN109370461A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-22 | 宁波吉象塑胶科技股份有限公司 | 一种对联胶带 |
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