CN108475814A - Lto型锂离子电池电解液 - Google Patents
Lto型锂离子电池电解液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108475814A CN108475814A CN201580083076.8A CN201580083076A CN108475814A CN 108475814 A CN108475814 A CN 108475814A CN 201580083076 A CN201580083076 A CN 201580083076A CN 108475814 A CN108475814 A CN 108475814A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- borate
- anhydride
- additives
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 alkali metal borates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- PAQZWJGSJMLPMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-trioxatriphosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide Chemical compound CCCP1(=O)OP(=O)(CCC)OP(=O)(CCC)O1 PAQZWJGSJMLPMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- JRNGUTKWMSBIBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(O)=CC2=C1 JRNGUTKWMSBIBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OQYOVYWFXHQYOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCCO1 OQYOVYWFXHQYOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)(=O)O1 OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HMMBJOWWRLZEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCCC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O HMMBJOWWRLZEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YKMRQXGLUDOPOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+].C(CC(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+].C(CC(=O)O)(=O)O YKMRQXGLUDOPOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IYOMQTGPEVJQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])(O)O.[Li+].C(CC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CC(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.[Li+].C(CC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CC(=O)O)(=O)O IYOMQTGPEVJQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GRSMWKLPSNHDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GRSMWKLPSNHDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCC YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYFOAVADNIHPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isatoic anhydride Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1CO VYFOAVADNIHPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCC DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KYPOHTVBFVELTG-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-but-2-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#C\C=C\C#N KYPOHTVBFVELTG-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IQNHBUQSOSYAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoro-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(F)(F)F IQNHBUQSOSYAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCC=C1 KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCC#N LLEVMYXEJUDBTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LOURZMYQPMDBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCCO1 LOURZMYQPMDBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound OS(=O)OC=C RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XXEDUWLXOTZTRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O)(OCC(C)(C)CO)OC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound B(O)(OCC(C)(C)CO)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XXEDUWLXOTZTRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZQHHIFOHZWDDPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O)(OCCCO)OC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound B(O)(OCCCO)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQHHIFOHZWDDPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QQJFVTIFADPLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(O)(=O)F.C=C Chemical compound C(O)(=O)F.C=C QQJFVTIFADPLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910020587 CmF2m+1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910020005 S(O)2—CmF2m+1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010006580 Bundle branch block left Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl borate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OB(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003161 (C1-C6) alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YROJKJGOXFUPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1.O=C1OC=CO1 YROJKJGOXFUPBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种锂离子电池,其包括至少一个正极、至少一个具有表面可选择性含有涂层的LTO的负极和一种电解液组合物,其中所述电解液组合物包括有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自(a)碱金属硼酸盐、(b)有机硼化合物、(c)酰亚胺、(d)硫酸酯、(e)亚硫酸酯的SEI形成添加剂和一种或多种选自(f)酸酐、(g)腈类、(h)叔胺、(i)酰胺的除水添加剂。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于锂钛氧化物(LTO)型锂离子电池的非水电解液组合物。
由于LTO的功率容量、长寿命和安全性的特点,近年来使用LTO负极的锂离子电池受到了越来越多的关注。有所提高。然而LTO负极的锂离子电池在高温条件下会出现功率损失、产气以及寿命下降的问题。
LTO相关的高温性能降解机制一直是电化学文献的研究对象,并且通常关注LTO表面与电解液的界面化学反应性。一种提出的机理包括涉及Ti3+-O位点催化电解液分解,导致产气和固体降解产物,而另一种意见认为电解液在LTO/电解液界面处的还原导致薄膜表面生长、LTO表面脱锂和LTO相转变。并且水和其他杂质的存在加速了上述两种过程。降低这种界面活性的策略通常包括建立薄的钝化离子导电界面,从而降低与电解液的反应性。这可以通过不同的方法来完成,包括LTO粉末的表面处理、向电解液中添加功能添加剂以及优化制备工艺。
US2014113197和US20130236784公开了表面涂层例如LiF、氧化铝或碳涂层以抑制气体产生。US9017883公开了使用磺内酯基化合物和马来酸酐的组合来减少产气。US8168330、CN103840191A和CN102867990A公开了使用硼酸锂或硼酸锂与磷腈结合以在一定程度上减少产气。US20130273427公开了使用除水剂来减少产气,但没有给出合适的例子。还需要进一步改进。
本发明提供了一种对于降低LTO型锂离子电池产气,特别是高温下,令人惊讶的有效的系统。
详细说明
锂离子电池(电池)包括能够嵌入和脱嵌锂离子的负极、正极和有机溶剂中含有锂盐的非水电解液。电极与电解液接触并通过隔膜分离。
正极活性物质包括选自由锂过渡金属氧化物和锂过渡金属磷酸盐组成的组中的一种或多种化合物,例如钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂(NCM,LixNiyMnzCo1-(y+z)O2),锂锰氧化物(LMO,LiMn2O4),锂镍氧化物和磷酸铁锂(LFP,LiFePO4)。
负极活性物质包括选自包括锂钛氧化物(LTO),例如Li4Ti5O12、Li2Ti3O7、LixTiO2、TiO2、TiO2(OH)x及其混合物的组中的一种或多种化合物。负极活性物质可以额外涂覆LiF、Al2O3或碳表面涂层。
负极活性物质包括上述负极活性物质和含碳材料的混合物,其中含碳材料选自石墨、硬碳、无定形碳、含碳的核壳材料和含硅材料。
除了正极和负极活性物质之外,电极还可以包括粘合剂和/或导电材料和/或其它添加剂。电极组件可以包括与集流体如金属箔粘合的上述混合物。
粘合剂有助于将活性材料和导电材料以及混合物耦合到集流体。粘合剂包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、丙烯腈与丁二烯(NBR)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯聚合物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、氟橡胶、它们的共聚物及其混合物。基于电极组件的总重量,可使用约1至约50重量%的粘合剂。
导电材料包括石墨材料如天然石墨、人造石墨、炭黑如乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽黑、炉黑或灯黑、导电纤维如碳纤维或金属纤维、金属粉末如氟化碳、铝或镍粉、导电金属氧化物如氧化锌、钛酸钾或氧化钛和其它导电材料如聚亚苯基衍生物。基于电极组件的总重量,导电材料可以为约1重量%至约20重量%。
隔膜介于正极和负极之间,为确保高离子传输的绝缘薄膜。隔膜通常具有约0.01至约10微米的孔径和约5至约300微米的厚度。隔膜包括包含玻璃纤维、棉花、尼龙、聚酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯和牛皮纸等材料的片材或无纺布。
锂离子电池例如可以是具有正极、负极和单层或多层隔膜的扣式电池或具有正极、负极和辊式隔膜的圆柱形或方形电池。
正极可以通过将正极活性材料与导电材料和/或粘结剂和溶剂混合,用该混合物涂覆金属箔并加热和轧制来制备。负极可通过将负极活性材料与粘合剂和溶剂混合,用该混合物涂覆金属箔并加热和滚压来制备。
根据本发明的锂离子电池可通过将具有正极和负极的电极组插入电池外壳中并将本发明的非水电解液注入外壳中来制备。电池壳体可以具有由金属层压体制成的金属罐形状或袋形状。
本发明的电解液组合物是无水的,基于电解液组合物的总重量,通常含有≤10ppm的水,例如≤9,≤8,≤7,≤6,≤5或≤4ppm的水。
术语“SEI形成添加剂”在此是添加到电解液组合物中以改善SEI形成的化合物。(SEI=固体电解质界面)
这里的术语“除水添加剂”是加入到电解液组合物中以降低水含量的化合物。
有机溶剂通常包含一种或多种选自有机碳酸酯的溶剂。
有机碳酸酯可以是环状或无环的,并且包括碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、三亚甲基碳酸酯、1,2-亚丁基碳酸酯(BC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸二氟乙烯酯和单氟碳酸乙烯酯。
例如,优选使用至少两种不同的溶剂的组合,例如环状碳酸酯和线性碳酸酯的组合,环状碳酸酯和内酯的组合,环状碳酸酯、内酯和酯的组合,环状碳酸酯、线性碳酸酯和内酯,环状碳酸酯、线性碳酸酯和醚的组合或环状碳酸酯、线性碳酸酯和线性酯的组合。其中,环状碳酸酯和链状碳酸酯的组合或环状碳酸酯、内酯和酯的组合是优选的。环状碳酸酯与线性碳酸酯的重量比例如为约1:9至约7:3。
例如,有机溶剂包含环状碳酸酯如碳酸乙烯酯或碳酸亚丙酯和一种或多种选自碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯和碳酸二乙酯的线性碳酸酯。例如,有机溶剂包含碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯和碳酸二乙酯。
电解液组合物包含一种或多种合适的锂盐。锂盐包括LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiAsF6和LiCF3SO3。例如,电解液组合物含有LiPF6。锂盐通常以约0.5mol/L(M)至约2.5M,约0.5M至约2.0M,约0.7M至约1.6M或约0.8M到约1.2M的浓度存在于有机溶剂中。
环状硫酸酯添加剂为下式所示
其中,R是同时为亚烃基;
例如,包括的环状硫酸酯添加剂是1,3-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物(硫酸乙烯酯)、1,3-丙二醇环硫酸酯、硫酸丙烯酯(4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物)、4-乙基-1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物和4-丙基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物。
硫酸乙烯酯或1,3-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物(DTD)表示为:
叔胺包括式NR1R2R3的化合物,其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立的为烃基,或者R1与R2和/或R1与R3和/或R2与R3同时为亚烃基。叔胺包括例如三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N,N',N",N"-五甲基二乙烯三胺(PMDTA)、N,N,N',N",N"',N"'-六甲基三乙烯四胺(HMTTA)、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)或三亚乙基二胺(1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷或DABCO)。三亚乙基二胺是上述结构式中的R1与R2以及R1与R3以及R2与R3同时为亚烃基的例子。
酰胺包括有机酰胺和磷酰胺。有机酰胺包括式R1R2NC(O)R3的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3各自独立的为氢或烃基或R1与R2和/或R1与R3和/或R2与R3同时为亚烃基。酰胺包括N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基-三氟乙酰胺、N-甲基三氟乙酰胺、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)。
有机硼化合物包括下式的化合物
其中,Ry是氢、烷氧基或烃基,R1'、R2'和R3'是氢或烃基。有机硼化合物包括4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-甲氧基-4-4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-乙氧基4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-异丙氧基4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-丁氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、乙烯基硼酸2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇酯、苯基硼酸新戊二醇酯或苯基硼酸1,3-丙二醇酯。
硼酸盐包括选自正硼酸盐、四羟基硼酸盐、四硼酸盐、四苯基硼酸盐、[B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4]-(BARF)、二(三氟乙酸根合)草酸硼酸盐(D(Ac)OB)的碱金属盐和B(C6F5)4 -。
例如,双(草酸)硼酸锂(LiBOB)、丙二酸草酸硼酸锂(LiMOB)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)、双[1,2-苯二酚(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBB)、双[2,3-萘二酚(2)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBNB)、双[2,2'-联苯基二(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBPB)、双[水杨酸根(2-)]硼酸锂(LBSB)、双(2,3-吡啶二羧酸)硼酸锂(LBPB)、三氟乙酸全氟取代苯基锂(LiBF3C6F5)、双丙二酸硼酸锂(LiBMB)。
酸酐是环状或无环的,并且包括有机和无机酸酐。有机酸酐包括下式的化合物:
其中,R1和R2各自独立的为烃基或同时为亚烃基。
包括琥珀酸酐、戊二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙酸酐、马来酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、丙酸酐、柠康酸酐、丁酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、靛红酸酐、戊酸酐或丙基膦酸酐。
腈包括有机单和二腈,包括下式的化合物
R1-CN或NC-Rz-CN,
其中,R1为烃基,Rz为亚烃基;
例如乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、1,2-二氰基乙烷、丁二腈、1,5-二氰基戊烷、己二腈、戊二腈或富马腈。
烃基为例如烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基或芳烷基,上述基团可以被一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、C1-C4的烷氧基、硫基,C1-C4烷硫基、氨基、C1-C4烷氨基、二-C1-C4烷基氨基、硝基、氰基、-COOH和-COO-的基团取代。烃基还可以被一个或多个选自-O-、-S-、-NH-和-N(C1-C4烷基)-的基团中断。烃基可以被一个或多个所述基团取代并被一个或多个所述基团中断。例如烷基、链烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基或芳烷基可被1-3个选自氯、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、硫基、甲硫基、甲氨基、乙氨基、丙氨基、丁氨基、二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、二丙基氨基、二丁基氨基、-COOH、-COO-、氰基和硝基的基团取代,和/或可以被1-3个选自-O-、-S-、-NH-和-N(C1-C4烷基)-的基团中断。
亚烃基为二价烃基,例如亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、亚环烷基、亚芳基或亚芳烷基。亚烃基可以与烃基一样被取代和/或中断。
当两个基团一起是亚烃基时,这意味着它们与它们所键合的杂原子一起形成所得的环。该环例如是5元环或6元环。环可以含有另外的杂原子并且可以是饱和的或不饱和的。在这种情况下,亚烃基为例如-(CH2)2-、-(CH2)3-、-(CH2)4-或-(CH2)5-。亚烃基可以被插入和/或取代为烃基。
烃基和亚烃基通过碳原子与连接的原子结合。
烷基例如具有1-25个碳原子,可以是支链或无支链的,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5-五甲基己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基和二十二烷基。
烷氧基为例如C1-C25的含氧烷基,其中烷基如上所述,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基等。
卤素是F、Cl、Br或I。
卤代烷基是例如C1-C25的被一个或多个,例如1至3个,卤素取代的烷基,其中烷基如上所述。
全氟烷基可以是完全氟化的,即烷基的所有氢都被F取代。或者,全氟烷基可以是部分氟化的,即含有至少两个选自-CF2-和-CF3的基团。
烯基是烷基的不饱和形式,例如烯丙基。
炔基是含有一个基团的烷基,例如炔丙基。
环烷基包括环戊基、甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、环己基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、三甲基环己基、叔丁基环己基、环庚基或环辛基。
环烯基是环烷基的不饱和形式。
芳基包括苯基,邻、间或对甲基苯基,2,3-二甲基苯基,2,4-二甲基苯基,2,5-二甲基苯基,2,6-二甲基苯基,3,4-二甲基苯基,3,5-二甲基苯基,2-甲基-6-乙基苯基,4-叔丁基苯基,2-乙基苯基或2,6-二乙基苯基。
芳烷基包括苄基、甲基苄基、二甲基苄基和2-苯乙基。
基于电解液组合物的总重量,对于添加剂(a)-(i),单一组分或组合的总量约0.01至约15%,使用例如约0.01重量%至约15重量%。例如,基于电解液组合物的总重量,这些添加剂的总量可以为约0.1至约12%,约0.2至约10%,约0.3至约8%,约0.4至约7%或约0.5至约5%。
来自(a)-(i)的两种不同添加剂的重量比可以为约1:9,约1:8,约1:7,约1:6,约1:5,约1:4,约1:3,约1:2,约1:1,约2:1,约3:1,约4:1,约5:1,约6:1,约7:1,约8:1或约9:1以及它们之间的比率。
优选地,至少一种添加剂选自硼酸盐、酸酐和腈。更优选地,两种不同的添加剂选自硼酸盐、酸酐或腈。
本发明的电解液组合物优选可以包含一种或多种选自固体电解液界面改进剂、正极保护剂、LiPF6稳定剂、过充电保护剂、阻燃剂、Li沉积改进剂、溶剂化增强剂、腐蚀抑制剂、润湿剂和粘度调节剂的其他添加剂。
例如,电解液组合物可以进一步含有一种或多种选自式(1)至(12)的其他添加剂,
其中,
R11和R12独立地为氢,卤素,烷基或卤代烷基;
R13、R14、R15和R16独立地为氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、乙烯基或烯丙基,其中R13至R16中的至少一个为乙烯基或烯丙基;
R17是氢或烷基;
R21至R26独立地为氢、卤素、烷基或卤代烷基,其中R21至R26中的至少一个为卤素或卤代烷基;
R27至R30独立地为氢、卤素、烷基或卤代烷基,其中R27至R30中的至少一个为卤素或卤代烷基;
R31为任选取代的C1-C6亚烷基、任选取代的C2-C6亚烯基或任选取代的亚环烷基,A为C=O、SO或SO2,n为0或1,X为氧(O)或硫(S);
R41和R42独立地为任选取代的C1-C6烷基、任选取代的C2-C6烯基或任选取代的C2-C6炔基、并且R43为任选取代的C1-C6亚烷基、任选取代的C2-C6亚烯基、任选取代的亚环烷基,其中取代基是例如卤素或C1-C6烷基;
R51至R60独立地为任选取代的C1-C18烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基或烷基氨基,或两个R51-R60一起为亚烃基,其中取代基卤素原子或C1-C6烷基;
R71和R72独立地为烷基或卤代烷基;和
R81和R82独立地为烷基。
例如,合适的其他添加剂包括碳酸亚乙烯酯(1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮)、4-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-氟-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、亚甲基碳酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙烷磺内酯、1,4-丁基磺内酯、丙-1-烯-1,3-磺内酯、4-(4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷-2-氧化物)和甲烷二磺酸亚甲酯。
其他添加剂还包括一种或多种选自离子液体的离子化合物。离子液体是熔点≤150℃或≤100℃的离子化合物。
例如,离子液体含有选自式(a)-(h)的阳离子,
其中,
每个R独立地为H或C1-C16烷基,例如甲基、乙基或丙基,
X是CH2、O、S或NR,其中R是H或C1-C16烷基,例如H、甲基、乙基或丙基;
并含有选自下组的阴离子:
[FzB(CmF2m+1)4-z]-,
[FyP(CmF2m+1)6-y]-,
[(CmF2m+1)2P(O)O]-,
[CmF2m+1P(O)O2]2-,
[O-C(O)-CmF2m+1]-,
[O-S(O)2-CmF2m+1]-,
[N(C(O)-CmF2m+1)2]-,
[N(S(O)2-CmF2m+1)2]-,
[N(C(O)-CmF2m+1)(S(O)2-CmF2m+1)]-,
[N(C(O)-CmF2m+1)(C(O)F)]-,
[N(S(O)2-CmF2m+1)(S(O)2F)]-,
[N(S(O)2F)2]-,
[C(C(O)-CmF2m+1)3]-,
[C(S(O)2-CmF2m+1)3]-,
其中,
y是1至5的整数,m是1至8的整数,例如1至4,
其中任何一个CF2基团可以被O、S(O)2,NR或CH2替代,
其中独立地为衍生自1,2-或1,3-二醇、1,2-或1,3-二羧酸、或-1,2-或1,3-羟基羧酸的-OH基团的双配位基团,
X是B或Al,
Rw、Rx、Ry和Rz独立地为卤素、C1-C20全氟烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、部分或完全氟化的C1-C20烷氧基、部分或完全氟化的C1-C20烷基-COO、C1-C20烷基-COO。
离子液体的阳离子包括铵离子和鏻离子。铵离子包括咪唑鎓和吡咯烷鎓。例如1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓三己基(十四烷基)鏻。
离子液体的阴离子包括羧酸盐、酰亚胺、甲基化物、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、磺酸盐和铝酸盐。例如,包括F2P(C2F5)4 -、F3P(C2F5)3 -、F4P(C2F5)2 -、F2P(C3F7)4 -、F3P(C3F7)3 -、F4P(C3F7)2 -、F2P(C4F9)4 -、F3P(C4F9)3 -、F4P(C4F9)2 -、全氟烷基磺酰基酰亚胺、全氟烷基磺酰基全氟烷基羧酰亚胺、三(全氟烷基磺酰基)甲基化物、三氟乙酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐(三氟甲磺酸盐)、双(全氟烷基磺酰基)酰亚胺、双(全氟烷基磺酰基)(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、三(三氟甲基磺酰基)甲基化物、螺-氧代硼酸酯和螺环氧化磷酸酯、例如双草酸硼酸盐(BOB)、二氟草酸硼酸盐(DFOB)、二(三氟乙酸根合)草酸硼酸盐(D(Ac)OB)、三草戊酸磷酸酯、四氟草酰磷酸酯或二(三氟乙酸根合)草酸根合铝酸酯。
离子液体在例如公开号为2011/0045359和2014/0193707的美国专利中有记载。
基于电解液组合物的总重量,这些其他添加剂例如以约0.01重量%至约15重量%的含量使用。例如,基于电解液组合物的总重量,可以使用总计约0.1至约10重量%,约0.2至约7重量%或约0.3至约5重量%的其他添加剂。
基于电解液组合物的总重量,另外的添加剂的总重量百分比含量可以为约0.4、约0.5、约0.6、约0.7、约0.8、约0.9、约1.0、约1.1、约1.2、约1.3、约1.4、约1.5、约1.6、约1.7、约1.8、约1.9、约2.0、约2.1、约2.2、约2.3、约2.4或约2.5重量%。
涉及实施例要素的术语“一”或“一个”可以表示“一个”或可以表示“一个或多个”。
术语“约”是指例如通过典型的测量和处理程序可能发生的变化;通过这些程序中的无意错误;通过所用成分的制造、来源或纯度的差异;通过所用方法的差异等等。术语“约”还包括由于由特定初始混合物产生的组合物的不同平衡条件而不同的量。无论是否被术语“大约”修饰,实施例和权利要求均包括所列举的量的等同物。
无论是否明确指出,本文中的所有数值均由术语“约”修饰。术语“约”通常是指本领域技术人员将认为等同于所述值(即,具有相同的功能和/或结果)的一系列数值。在许多情况下,术语“约”可能包括四舍五入到最接近的有效数字的数字。
由术语“约”修饰的值当然包括具体的值。例如,“约5.0”必须包含5.0。
术语“基本上由...组成”是指组合物,方法或结构可以包括附加成分、步骤和/或部分,但是附加成分、步骤和/或部分不会实质性地改变要求保护的基本和新颖特征。
在此讨论的美国专利,美国公开的专利申请和美国专利申请均通过引用并入本文。
说明性实施例
E1,一种锂离子电池,其包含至少一个正极,至少一个包含具有任选表面涂层的LTO的负极以及电解液组合物。
其中电解液组合物包含有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自以下的SEI形成添加剂:(a)碱金属盐硼酸盐、(b)有机硼化合物、(c)酰亚胺、(d)硫酸酯和(e)亚硫酸酯;和一种或多种选自(f)酸酐、(g)腈、(h)叔胺和(i)酰胺的除水添加剂。
E1.1:根据E1的电池,基于电解液组合物的总重量,其中添加剂的总浓度总计为约0.01%至约15%,约0.1至约10%,约0.2至约7%或约0.3至约10%约5重量%。
E2,根据E1的电池,其中所述一种或多种SEI形成添加剂(a)-(e)选自:
(a)硼酸锂盐;
(b)如下式所示的有机硼化合物;
其中Ry是氢、烷氧基或烃基,并且R1’、R2’和R3’是氢或烃基;
(c)氟磺酰亚胺;
(d)如下式所示的硫酸酯
其中R基团是烃基或同时为亚烃基;和
(e)如下式所示的亚硫酸酯
其中R基团是烃基或同时为亚烃基;
并且其中所述一种或多种除水添加剂(f)-(i)选自
(f)如下式所示的酸酐
其中R1和R2独立地为烃基或同时为亚烃基;
(g)如下式所示的腈
R1-CN或NC-Rz-CN,
其中R1是烃基并且Rz是亚烃基;
(h)式NR1R2R3的叔胺,其中R1、R2和R3各自为烃基或其中R1和R2和/或R1和R3和/或R2和R3同时为亚烃基;和
(i)如下式所示的酰胺
其中R1、R2和R3各自为烃基或其中R1和R2和/或R1和R3和/或R2和R3同时为亚烃基;
E3,根据E1或E2的电池,其中所述一种或多种SEI形成添加剂(a)-(e)选自:
(a)双(草酸)硼酸锂(LiBOB)、丙二酸草酸硼酸锂(LiMOB)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)、双[1,2-苯二酚(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBB)、双[2,3-萘二酚(2)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBNB)、双[2,2'-联苯基二(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBPB)、双[水杨酸根(2-)]硼酸锂(LBSB)、双(2,3-吡啶二羧酸)硼酸锂(LBPB)、三氟乙酸全氟取代苯基锂(LiBF3C6F5)、双丙二酸硼酸锂(LiBMB);
(b)4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷、2-甲氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷、2-乙氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-1,3-二氧杂硼烷、2-异丙氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷、2-丁氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷、乙烯基硼酸2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇酯、苯基硼酸新戊二醇酯或苯基硼酸1,3-丙二醇酯;
(c)双(氟磺酰基)酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)或双(全氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI);
(d)1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物(硫酸乙烯酯,DTD)、1,3-丙二醇环状硫酸酯或4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物;和
(e)亚硫酸乙烯酯或三亚甲基亚硫酸酯;
并且所述一种或多种除水添加剂(f)-(i)选自:
(f)琥珀酸酐(SA)、戊二酸酐(GA)、邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、乙酸酐、马来酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、丙酸酐、柠康酸酐、丁酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、靛红酸酸酐、戊酸酐或丙基膦酸酐;
(g)乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、1,2-二氰基乙烷、丁二腈、1,5-二氰基戊烷、己二腈(己二腈)、戊二腈或富马腈;
(h)三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N,N’,N”,N’”,N”’-六甲基三亚乙基四胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺或三亚乙基二胺;和
(i)N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基三氟乙酰胺、N-甲基三氟乙酰胺、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或六甲基磷酰胺;
E4,根据E1至E3中任一项的电池,其包含一种或多种SEI形成添加剂(a)硼酸盐的碱金属盐。
E4.1:根据E4的电池,包括双(草酸)硼酸锂(LiBOB)、丙二酸草酸硼酸锂(LiMOB)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)、双[1,2-苯二酚(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBB)、双[2,3-萘二酚(2)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBNB)、双[2,2'-联苯基二(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBPB)、双[水杨酸根(2-)]硼酸锂(LBSB)、双(2,3-吡啶二羧酸)硼酸锂(LBPB)、三氟乙酸全氟取代苯基锂(LiBF3C6F5)、双丙二酸硼酸锂(LiBMB);
E5,根据E5的电池包含一种或多种SEI形成添加剂(d)硫酸酯。
E5.1:根据E5的电池包含1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物(硫酸乙烯酯,DTD)、1,3-丙二醇环状硫酸酯或4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物。
E6,根据E1至E5中任一项的电池,其包含一种或多种除水添加剂(f)酸酐。
E6.1:根据E6的电池,其包含(f)琥珀酸酐(SA)、戊二酸酐(GA)、邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、乙酸酐、马来酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、丙酸酐、柠康酸酐、丁酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、靛红酸酸酐、戊酸酐或丙基膦酸酐;
E7,根据E1至E3中任一项的电池,包含一种或多种添加剂(a)、一种或多种添加剂(d)和任选的一种或多种添加剂(f)。
E7.1:根据E7的电池,包括一种或多种添加剂(a),包括双(草酸)硼酸锂(LiBOB)、丙二酸草酸硼酸锂(LiMOB)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)、双[1,2-苯二酚(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBB)、双[2,3-萘二酚(2)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBNB)、双[2,2'-联苯基二(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂(LBBPB)、双[水杨酸根(2-)]硼酸锂(LBSB)、双(2,3-吡啶二羧酸)硼酸锂(LBPB)、三氟乙酸全氟取代苯基锂(LiBF3C6F5)、双丙二酸硼酸锂(LiBMB);以及一种或多种添加剂(d)1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物(硫酸乙烯酯,DTD)、1,3-丙二醇环状硫酸酯或4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物;
E7.2:根据E7的电池,包括一种或多种添加剂(f)琥珀酸酐(SA)、戊二酸酐(GA)、邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、乙酸酐、马来酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、丙酸酐、柠康酸酐、丁酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、靛红酸酸酐、戊酸酐或丙基膦酸酐。
E8,根据E1至E7中任一项的电池,正极包含锂过渡金属氧化物或锂过渡金属磷酸盐。
E8.1:根据E8所述的电池,其中所述正极包含锂镍钴锰氧化物(NCM)活性材料。
E9,根据E1至E8中任一项的电池,其中,LTO包括含有碳、AlF3或Al2O3的表面涂层。
E9.1:根据E9所述的电池,其中所述LTO包括含碳的表面涂层。
E10,根据E1~E9中任一项所述的电池,其中,所述有机溶剂包含选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚丙酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、1,2-亚丁基碳酸酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸二氟亚乙酯和单氟碳酸乙烯酯。
E11,根据E1至E10中任一项的电池,其中所述锂盐选自由LiPF6、LiClO4、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3和LiBF4,并且其中所述锂盐在有机溶剂中的总含量为约0.5M到约2.5M。
E12,根据E1至E11中任一项的电池,其中,基于电解液组合物的总重量,添加剂(a)-(i)总重量为约0.01至约15重量%的量,并且,其中SEI形成添加剂(a)-(e)与除水添加剂(f)-(i)的重量比为约1:9至约9:1。
E13,根据E1-E12中任一项的电池,其包含一种或多种选自碳酸亚乙烯酯(1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮)、4-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-亚甲基碳酸亚乙酯、1,3-丙烷磺内酯、1,4-丁基磺内酯、丙-1-烯-1,3-磺内酯、4-(4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷-2-氧化物)、1,5,2,4-二氧杂二硫杂环己烷-2,2,4,4-四氧化物和离子液体。
E14,一种用于LTO型锂离子电池在高温下的减少产气和/或提高容量保持率的方法,所述方法包括使用一种包括有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自(a)碱金属硼酸盐、(b)有机硼化合物、(c)酰亚胺、(d)硫酸酯、(e)亚硫酸酯的SEI形成添加剂和一种或多种选自(f)酸酐、(g)腈类、(h)叔胺、(i)酰胺的除水添加剂的电解液。
E15,一种锂离子电池,包括至少一个正极、至少一个具有表面可选择性含有涂层的LTO的负极和一种电解液组合物,其中所述电解液组合物包括有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自硫酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙二醇环状硫酸酯、4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷-2,2-二氧化物的添加剂,其中,基于电解液组合物的总重量,所述添加剂的总重量为0.01-15%。例如,0.1-10%,0.2-7%,0.3-5%。
实施例
通过将LixNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2,NCM(523)正极活性材料,聚偏二氟乙烯粘合剂和碳导电材料以90:5:5的重量比分散在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂中来制备正极活性材料浆料。通过将浆料涂布到20微米厚的铝箔上,然后干燥和滚压涂覆的箔形成正极带。
通过将重量比为88:7:5的Li4Ti5O12(实例:具有碳涂层对比例:没有涂层)、聚偏二氟乙烯和碳导电材料混合并将混合物分散在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂,得到负极活性材料浆料。将负极浆料涂布到20微米厚的铝箔上,然后干燥并卷绕涂布的箔。用打孔机将正极带和负极带切割成具有特定尺寸的电极板。然后,将16um厚的聚乙烯隔膜放置在电极板之间,并将组件堆叠并加压。将该组件插入Al层压膜袋并密封在顶部。获得容量为1000mAh的干电池,然后将干电池在85℃的真空室中干燥16小时。
在氩气氛下,在干燥箱中按重量比为3:7的碳酸乙烯酯(EC):碳酸甲乙酯(EMC),含有1mol/L的LiPF6制备电解液组合物。如下面的实施例所示,将不同量的添加剂加入到1.0M电解液中。该组合物用具有特氟龙螺帽的玻璃小瓶制备。对比例配方1-6还含有下表1中列出的添加剂。基于组合物总重量,添加剂的含量是重量百分比。将电解液组合物注入真空室中的干电池中。密封后,首先充电,脱气,老化,电池进行以下两个测试:
测试1:高温55℃循环寿命测试
将电池放入测试室中并保持在55℃的温度下。将电池以3C(3000mA)的恒定电流速率充电至2.7V,然后以2.7V的恒定电压充电直到电流小于或等于50mA。然后以恒定电流速率3C(3000mA)放电,直至达到截止电压1.5V。表1列出了电解液配方在55℃1000次循环后的容量保持率。
测试2:高温存储测试
在室温下,1.5V-2.7V之间充电和放电3次循环之后,将电池充电至100%SOC,并且用游标卡尺测量电池的初始厚度(T1)。然后将电池在60℃的热室中储存10天。储存后,记录厚度(T2)并通过以下配方计算电池的溶胀:
膨胀=(T2-T1)/T1*100
膨胀和容量保持测试的结果如表1所示。
表1膨胀及容量保持率测试结果
*DTD为硫酸乙烯酯;LiDFOB为二氟草酸硼酸锂;SA为琥珀酸酐。
与对比例相比,本发明的电解液组合物提供较小的溶胀(较少的产气)和较好的电化学性能。实施例1也可以用作实施例2-6的比较例以比较不同添加剂的效果。实施例2-4可以用作实施例6的比较例。
Claims (15)
1.一种锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括至少一个正极、至少一个具有表面可选择性含有涂层的LTO的负极和一种电解液组合物,其中所述电解液组合物包括有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自(a)碱金属硼酸盐、(b)有机硼化合物、(c)酰亚胺、(d)硫酸酯、(e)亚硫酸酯的SEI形成添加剂和一种或多种选自(f)酸酐、(g)腈类、(h)叔胺、(i)酰胺的除水添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,其中所述SEI形成添加剂(a)-(e)选自:
(a)硼酸锂盐;
(b)下式所示的有机硼化合物
其中,Ry是氢、烷氧基或烃基,R1'、R2'和R3'是氢或烃基;
(c)氟磺酰亚胺;
(d)下式所示的硫酸酯
其中,R是烃基或同时为亚烃基;
(e)下式所示的亚硫酸酯
其中,R是烃基或同时为亚烃基;
以及,所述除水添加剂(f)-(i)选自:
(f)下式所示的酸酐
其中,R1和R2各自独立的为烃基或同时为亚烃基;
(g)下式所示的腈类
R1-CN或NC-Rz-CN,
其中,R1为烃基,Rz为亚烃基;
(h)下式所示的叔胺
NR1R2R3,
其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立的为烃基,或者R1与R2和/或R1与R3和/或R2与R3同时为亚烃基;
(i)下式所示的酰胺
其中,R1、R2、R3各自独立的为烃基,或者R1与R2和/或R1与R3和/或R2与R3同时为亚烃基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述SEI形成添加剂(a)-(e)选自:
(a)双(草酸)硼酸锂、丙二酸草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、双[1,2-苯二酚(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂、双[2,3-萘二酚(2)-O,O']硼酸锂、双[2,2'-联苯基二(2-)-O,O']硼酸锂、双[水杨酸根(2-)]硼酸锂、双(2,3-吡啶二羧酸)硼酸锂、三氟乙酸全氟取代苯基锂、双丙二酸硼酸锂;
(b)4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-甲氧基-4-4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-乙氧基4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-异丙氧基4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、2-丁氧基-4,4,6-三甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼环己烷、乙烯基硼酸2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇酯、苯基硼酸新戊二醇酯或苯基硼酸1,3-丙二醇酯;
(c)双(氟磺酰基)亚胺锂或双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺锂;
(d)硫酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙二醇环状硫酸酯或4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硫杂环戊烷2,2-二氧化物;
(e)亚硫酸乙烯酯或亚硫酸三亚甲酯;
所述除水添加剂(f)-(i)选自:
(f)琥珀酸酐、戊二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、乙酸酐、马来酸酐、萘二甲酸酐、丙酸酐、柠康酸酐、丁酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、靛红酸酐、戊酸酐或丙基膦酸酐;
(g)乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、1,2-二氰基乙烷、丁二腈、1,5-二氰基戊烷、己二腈、戊二腈或富马腈;
(h)三乙胺、三丁胺、N,N,N',N",N"-五甲基二乙烯三胺、N,N,N',N",N"',N"'-六甲基三乙烯四胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺或三亚乙基二胺;
(i)二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基三氟乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基-三氟乙酰胺、N-甲基三氟乙酰胺、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或六甲基磷酰胺。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括一种或多种所述SEI形成添加剂(a)碱金属硼酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括一种或多种所述SEI形成添加剂(d)硫酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括一种或多种所述除水添加剂(f)酸酐。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括一种或多种所述SEI形成添加剂(a)碱金属硼酸盐、包括一种或多种所述SEI形成添加剂(d)硫酸酯,以及可选的含有一种或多种除水添加剂(f)酸酐。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极包括锂过渡金属氧化物或锂过渡金属磷酸盐。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述LTO表面具有包括碳、氟化铝或氧化铝的涂层。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂包括一种或多种选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸三亚甲基酯、1,2-碳酸丁烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、二氟碳酸乙烯酯、单氟碳酸乙烯酯的有机碳酸酯。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述锂盐选自LiPF6、LiClO4、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiBF4;所述锂盐以相对于溶剂0.5-2.5M的浓度存在于溶剂中。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,以重量级,相对于所述电解液的总重量,所述添加剂(a)-(e)的总重量为0.01-15%;并且SEI形成添加剂(a)-(e)与除水添加剂(f)-(i)的重量比为1:9-9:1。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括一种或多种选自碳酸亚乙烯酯、(1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮)、4-乙烯基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、4-氟-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、亚甲基碳酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙磺酸内酯、1,4-丁基磺酸内酯、丙-1-烯-1,3-磺内酯、4-(4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷-2-氧化物)、甲烷二磺酸亚甲酯、离子液体的其他添加剂。
14.一种用于LTO型锂离子电池在高温下的减少产气和/或提高容量保持率的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括使用一种包括有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自(a)碱金属硼酸盐、(b)有机硼化合物、(c)酰亚胺、(d)硫酸酯、(e)亚硫酸酯的SEI形成添加剂和一种或多种选自(f)酸酐、(g)腈类、(h)叔胺、(i)酰胺的除水添加剂的电解液。
15.一种锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括至少一个正极、至少一个具有表面可选择性含有涂层的LTO的负极和一种电解液组合物,其中所述电解液组合物包括有机溶剂、一种或多种锂盐、一种或多种选自硫酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙二醇环状硫酸酯、4-甲基-1,3,2-二氧硫杂环戊烷-2,2-二氧化物的添加剂。
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