CN108472757A - 用于保护焊丝的焊接系统及方法 - Google Patents
用于保护焊丝的焊接系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108472757A CN108472757A CN201680069203.3A CN201680069203A CN108472757A CN 108472757 A CN108472757 A CN 108472757A CN 201680069203 A CN201680069203 A CN 201680069203A CN 108472757 A CN108472757 A CN 108472757A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- voltage
- phase
- current
- background
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
- B23K9/091—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage characterised by the circuits
- B23K9/092—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage characterised by the circuits characterised by the shape of the pulses produced
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
- B23K9/1006—Power supply
- B23K9/1043—Power supply characterised by the electric circuit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
- B23K9/1006—Power supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding Control (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
提供一种用于产生焊接功率输出的受控波形的焊接系统及方法,该波形包括多个连续的峰值相位(84),其设计为当与金属芯或药芯焊丝一起使用时避免或减少微电弧。与传统技术相比,背景电流和电压电平的比率提高,其中大多数情况下电平超过峰值电流和电压的50%。在背景与电流和电压的峰值电平之间的过渡也被平滑掉(88),并且与每个脉冲周期的持续时间相比,峰值相位的持续时间被延长以进一步减少微电弧。
Description
背景技术
本发明总体涉及焊机,且更具体地涉及一种配置为执行焊接操作的焊机,在该焊接操作中,循环波形被施加到焊丝以避免或最大程度地降低焊丝与其他部件(诸如,焊炬触头)之间的微电弧。
针对不同的目的已经实施了各种各样的焊接系统及焊接控制方式。在连续焊接操作中,气体金属电弧焊(GMAW),且更具体地说,金属惰性气体(MIG)技术允许通过从焊炬进给焊丝电极保护气体(通常为惰性气体或含有惰性剂的气体)来形成连续的焊缝。电源被施加至焊丝,并且通过工件完成电路,从而保持使焊丝和工件熔化以形成期望的焊接的电弧。
先进形式的MIG焊接是基于产生允许焊丝和工件期望的溶化的循环脉冲,同时还在焊接中提供期望的线材沉积。正在开发日益复杂的脉冲焊接方式适于特殊的材料、条件、工件材料和配置、保护技术等等。一种已获得越来越高认可的焊丝电极形式具有围绕芯材的鞘或壳。两者都可以由精心挑选的材料制成,以便在焊接过程中以及在最终的焊接中提供材料的流动、冶金结合以及其他有用的特性。
然而,仍然需要适于特殊焊丝电极的焊接过程,使得焊接过程可以被最优化并且可以始终如一地产生高质量的焊接点。
发明内容
本公开提供了设计成响应这种需求的焊接系统和方法。根据示例性实施方式,焊接方法包括产生用于焊接功率输出的控制波形,该波形包括多个电压和电流的连续峰值相位,之后是过渡相位,接着是电压和电流的背景相位,以及焊接方法包括调节每个背景相位,使得背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为25%,并且背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为50%。
根据其它方面,提供了一种包括产生循环脉冲焊接方式的控制波形的焊接方法,该波形包括多个电压和电流的连续峰值相位,之后是过渡相位,接着是电压和电流的背景相位,从而基于波形以期望的电压和电流电平向焊丝电极提供焊接功率,焊丝电极包括金属芯或药芯焊丝,以及调节每个背景相位和每个峰值相位以减少焊丝电极和其他部件(诸如焊炬触头)之间的微电弧。
本公开还涉及焊接系统,并且例如涉及一种包括电源的焊接系统,其配置为将来自电源的电功率转换成用于执行焊接操作的受控脉冲波形,和偶联到该电源的控制电路,以及配置为控制受控脉冲波形的产生,该波形包括多个电压和电流的连续峰值相位,之后是过渡相位,接着是电压和电流的背景相位,并且其中控制电路配置为调节每个背景相位,使得背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为25%,并且背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为50%。
附图说明
图1是根据本技术的各方面的示例性MIG焊接系统的图解示意图,其示出了偶联到送丝机用于执行脉冲焊接操作的电源;
图2是在图1中示出的焊接电源类型的示例性控制电路组件的图解示意图;
图3是根据本公开示出了实施焊接方式的某些控制逻辑的流程图;并且
图4是根据本公开焊接方式的示例性脉冲中的电压和电流的图形示意图。
具体实施方式
现在转到附图,首先参考图1,示例性焊接系统被示为包括经由导体或导管14彼此偶联的电源10和送丝机12。在示例的实施例中,电源10与送丝机12分开,使得送丝机可以在靠近焊接位置的电源一定距离处定位。然而,应该理解,在一些实施方式中,送丝机可以与电源集成。在这种情况下,导管14将在系统内部。在送丝机与电源分离的实施例中,端子通常设置在电源上以及送丝机上,以允许导体或导管偶联到系统,以便允许功率和气体从电源提供给送丝机,并允许在两个设备之间交换数据。
该系统被设计为向焊炬16提供焊丝、功率和保护气体。如本领域技术人员将理解到的那样,焊炬可以具有许多不同的类型,并且通常允许将焊丝和气体进给到邻近待形成焊接点以连接两个或多个金属片的工件18的位置。第二导体通常通向焊接工件,以便完成电源和工件之间的电路。如本领域技术人员将理解的,焊炬通常包括允许完成电源(和电缆)和行进的焊丝(电极)之间的电路的触头(未单独地示出)。已经发现,在焊丝和触头之间可能发生微电弧,这可能对焊炬有害并且可能降低由此产生的焊接操作。下文描述的技术解决了这些问题并减少或避免了这种微电弧。
该系统被设计成允许操作者选择数据设置,特别是经由电源上提供的操作者界面20。操作者界面通常将被结合到电源的前面板中,并且可以允许诸如焊接过程、要使用的焊丝类型、电压和电流设置等的设置的选项。特别地,该系统被设计为允许用各种钢、铝或其他通过焊炬引导的焊丝进行MIG焊接。这些焊接设置被传送到电源内的控制电路22。该系统可以特别地适于实施为某些电极类型设计的焊接方式。
下面更详细地描述的控制电路操作以控制施加到焊丝的焊接功率输出的产生,用于执行期望的焊接操作。在某些目前设想的实施例中,例如,控制电路可以适于调节促进焊丝和工件的熔化和接合的脉冲MIG焊接方式,同时避免焊丝和焊炬触头之间的微电弧。所实施的脉冲焊接方式适于可能特别受这种微电弧的影响的焊丝,诸如药芯焊丝或金属芯焊丝。例如,这种焊丝在由Amata等人于2013年3月15日提交的标题为“用于低锰焊丝的系统和方法(Systems and Methods for Low-Manganese Welding Wire)”的美国专利申请序列号13/840,614中进行了描述;在由Amata等人于2013年3月15日提交的标题为“用于低锰焊丝的系统和方法(Systems and Methods for Low-Manganese Welding Wire)”的美国专利申请序列号14/086,758中进行了描述;在由Barhorst等人于2014年4月30日提交的标题为“用于低锰焊接合金的系统和方法(Systems and Methods for Low-Manganese WeldingAlloys)”的美国专利申请序列号14/265,750中进行了描述;以及在由Barhorst等人于2014年8月12日提交的标题为“用于低锰焊接合金的系统和方法(Systems and Methods forLow-Manganese Welding Alloys)”的美国专利申请序列号14/457,599中进行了描述;在此通过引用将其并入到本公开中。此外,这种类型的某些焊丝可以以商品名“Hobart ElementTM”从Miller Electric Mfg.Co.获得。这种焊丝可能具有低的锰含量,这被认为增加了微电弧的可能性,并且似乎也影响熔融材料的浸润和流动。焊接技术解决了这些问题,特别是当使用这种焊丝时。但是,应该注意的是,本技术可以用于各种各样的焊丝,包括实心焊丝。这对于对脉冲焊接方式没有很好的响应和/或材料转移可以得到改善、浸润和流动性能够得到提高等等的焊丝、实心或保护的焊丝尤其有用。
如下文更充分地描述,本技术允许控制连续的电压和/或电流脉冲以允许控制焊接电弧,并且在脉冲焊接方式的相位(例如峰值和背景相位)之间平滑过渡,同时避免微电弧。特别地,在某些目前考虑的实施例中,波形中的电压峰值被调节为比常规峰值相位更长,而背景相位与峰值电平相比通常具有比常规方式更高的电流电平。而且,通过峰值转换基本上被平滑掉,以避免电流和电压的突变。这些中的某些可以适于特殊的焊丝尺寸,并且当实施时,限定峰值、背景和转变的特殊控制参数可以针对焊丝的类型和尺寸(以及其他焊接参数,诸如焊丝进给速度)。
控制电路被偶联到功率转换电路24。该功率转换电路适于产生输出功率,诸如将最终施加到焊炬处的焊丝的脉冲波形。可以采用各种功率转换电路,包括斩波器、升压电路、降压电路、逆变器、转换器等等。这种电路的配置可以是本领域通常已知的类型和其本身的类型。如箭头26所示,功率转换电路24被偶联到电源上。施加到电源转换电路24的功率可以源自电网,但是也可以使用其他电源,诸如由发动机驱动的发电机、电池、燃料电池或其他替代能源产生的功率。最后,在图1中示例的电源包括接口电路28,接口电路28被设计成允许控制电路22与送丝机12交换信号。
送丝机12包括偶联到接口电路28的互补接口电路30。在一些实施例中,可以在接口电路之间运行的组件和多芯电缆二者上提供多个引脚接口,以允许诸如焊丝进给速度、过程、所选电流、电压或功率电平等等的信息设置在电源10、送丝机12或两者上。
送丝机12还包括偶联到接口电路30的控制电路32。如下文更充分地所描述,控制电路32允许焊丝进给速度根据操作者选择来控制,并且允许这些设置经由接口电路而被反馈回电源。控制电路32被偶联到送丝机上的操作者界面34,其允许选择一个或多个焊接参数,特别是焊丝进给速度。操作者界面还可以允许选择诸如过程、所使用的导线类型、电流、电压或功率设置等的焊接参数。控制电路32也被偶接到将保护气体的流动调节到焊炬的气体控制阀36。通常,这种气体在焊接时被提供,并且可以在焊接之前立即打开以及在焊接之后短时间打开。施加到气体控制阀36的气体通常以加压瓶的形式提供,如参考数字38所示。应该注意的是,对于某些焊丝,可能不需要保护气体,或者基于焊丝的类型和要求,可能会改变保护气体的混合物。
送丝机12包括用于在控制电路32的控制下将焊丝进给到焊炬并因此进给到焊接应用的部件。例如,焊丝40的一个或多个线轴容纳在送丝机中。焊丝42从线轴上分离开来并逐渐地进给到焊炬。线轴可以与离合器44相关联,使得当焊丝被进给到焊炬时脱离线轴。离合器也可以被调节以保持最小摩擦电平,以避免线轴的自由旋转。进给发动机46被设置成与进给辊48相接合,以将焊丝从送丝机推向焊炬。在实践中,辊48中的一个机械地偶联到发动机并且由发动机旋转以驱动来自送丝机的焊丝,同时配对的辊朝向焊丝偏向,以保持两个辊和焊丝之间的良好接触。一些系统可能包括这种类型的多个辊。最后,可以提供转速计50用于检测发动机46、辊48或任何其它相关部件的速度,以便提供实际焊丝进给速度的指示。来自转速计的信号被反馈到控制电路32,诸如用于以下所述的校准。
应该指出的是,也可以实施其他系统安排和输入方式。例如,焊丝可以从大批存储容器(例如鼓)或从送丝机外部的一个或多个线轴而被进给。类似地,焊丝可以从其中线轴安装在焊炬上或附近的“线轴枪”而被进给。如本文所述,焊丝进给速度设置可以经由送丝机上的操作者输入端34或电源的操作者界面20或两者而进行输入。在焊炬上具有焊丝进给速度调整的系统中,这可能是用于设置的输入。
通常通过焊接电缆52以常规方式将来自电源的功率施加到焊丝电极。类似地,保护气体(如果使用的话)通过送丝机和焊接电缆52而进行进给。在焊接操作期间,焊丝通过焊接电缆护套朝向焊炬16行进。在焊炬内部,附加的牵引电动机54可以设置有相关联的驱动辊,特别是用于铝合金焊丝。电动机54被调节以提供期望的焊丝进给速度,如下文更充分地描述。焊炬上的触发开关56提供被反馈给送丝机并由此返回到电源的信号,以使焊接过程能够由操作者进行开始和停止。也就是说,在按下触发开关时,气流开始,焊丝行进,功率施加到焊接电缆52并通过焊炬到达行进的焊丝。下面还将更详细地描述这些过程。最后,工件电缆和夹具58允许通过焊炬、电极(焊丝)和工件从电源进行闭合电路,以在操作期间维持焊接电弧。
通过本讨论,应该注意的是,虽然焊丝进给速度可以由操作者进行“设定”,但由于许多原因,由控制电路命令的实际速度通常在焊接期间会变化。例如,用于“运行”(用于电弧启动的焊丝的初始进给)的自动算法可以使用通过设定速度导出的速度。类似地,在焊接过程中,可以命令焊丝进给速度中的各种斜率增加和减少。其他焊接过程可能需要“成坑”相位,其中改变焊丝进给速度以填充焊接后的凹陷。更进一步,在脉冲焊接方式中,焊丝进给速度可以周期性地或循环地改变。
图2示出了控制电路22的示例性实施例,控制电路22设计成在图1示例的类型的系统中发挥作用。整个电路(这里由参考数字60表示)包括上文讨论的操作者界面20和接口电路28,用于传递给下游组件或者来自下游组件(诸如焊丝机、焊炬和各种传感器和/或致动器)的参数通讯。该电路包括处理电路62,处理电路62本身可以包括一个或多个专用处理器或通用处理器,其被设计为执行焊接方式,对在焊接方式中实施的波形进行计算等等。处理电路与驱动电路64相关联,驱动电路64将来自处理的控制信号转换为施加到功率转换电路24的功率电子开关的驱动信号。通常,驱动器电路对来自处理电路的这种控制信号作出反应,以允许功率转换电路产生用于本公开中描述的类型的脉冲焊接方式的受控波形。处理电路62还将与存储器电路66相关联,存储器电路66可以由一种或多种类型的永久和临时数据存储器组成,诸如用于提供所实施的焊接方式、存储焊接参数、存储焊接设置、存储错误日志等等。
例如,在于2001年9月19日授予Holverson等人标题为“具有基于状态控制器的焊接式电源(Welding-Type Power Supply With A State-Based Controller)”的美国专利号6,747,247中;在于2004年5月7日授予Holverson等人标题为“具有基于状态控制器的焊接式电源(Welding-Type Power Supply With A State-Based Controller)”的美国专利号7,002,103中;在于2006年2月3日授予Holverson等人标题为“具有基于状态控制器的焊接式电源(Welding-Type Power Supply With A State-Based Controller)”的美国专利号7,307,240中;以及于2001年9月19日授予Davidson等人标题为“在组件之间具有网络和多级消息传送的焊接式系统(Welding-Type System With Network And Multiple LevelMessaging Between Components)”的美国专利号6,670,579中提供了关于焊接状态机器更完整的描述。所有这些都通过引用的方式并入到本公开中。
图3总体示出了焊接方式的逻辑,其中波形被控制成控制短路特性。通常由参考数字76指示的逻辑可以被认为是从执行脉冲焊接过程开始,如方框78所指示。这样的过程可以通过闭环控制施加到焊接电极(通过工件完成的电路和行进的焊接熔池)的电压、通过施加到电极的电流的闭环控制、或者通过控制电压和电流二者来实施。在一些实施例中,例如,以闭环方式调节电压的控制回路可以与以闭环方式控制电流的控制的相位相交替。在目前考虑的实施例中,脉冲波形中的峰值、背景和过渡被控制成允许建立和维护焊弧,同时避免微电弧。
然后,在步骤80中,监控和控制焊接过程的参数,特别是施加到焊丝电极的电压和电流。通常,通过检测施加到焊接电极、焊炬、焊接电缆或功率流中的某个其他点的电压和电流来进行这种监控。电压和电流可以以比脉冲焊接方式的频率高得多的速率进行采样。例如,每个脉冲周期可以为几毫秒(例如5毫秒)的量级,而采样可以在几微秒的量级(例如每50微秒)进行。在大多数系统中,电压和电流采样将在整个焊接过程中发生,并且在焊接期间的电压和/或电流分析可以通过收集的数据完成。
在步骤82,电压和/或电流峰值的参数如下所述进行计算和调节。在当前的实施例中,计算电压峰值的参数,同时系统在脉冲波形的峰值相位期间以电压闭环方式控制焊接功率。也就是说,控制峰值的电压和/或电流,包括峰值的幅度、峰值的持续时间、峰值的上升率以及从峰值的下降率。一些实施例可以控制少于这些参数。如下文所述,峰值被调节成提供延长的持续峰值,之后是电压和电流中的逐渐下降;被调节到背景电平,其中电压保持在峰值电压的至少约50%的电平。在某些目前考虑的实施例中,脉冲焊接方式的峰值和背景相位是电压闭环,而峰值和背景相位之间的过渡或斜坡是电流闭环。但是,也可以考虑其他适配,例如整个过程是电流闭环的情况。如参考数字84、86和88所指示,可以对用于创建和维持焊接电弧的脉冲波形的峰值、背景和过渡相位进行一个或多个改变。通常,这些将由从存储在系统存储器中并由处理电路执行的代码实施的决策引擎来定义。例如,可以基于诸如所选择的过程、使用的焊丝、焊丝的尺寸等因素来设定它们。在焊接过程中,这些参数中的一个或多个可以基于附加因素(诸如焊丝进给速度、检测电压和电流,焊炬位置等等)进行调整。在步骤90,逻辑可以循环返回以继续过程控制,直到焊工停止焊接(例如,如通过释放焊炬的触发器进行信号指示)为止。
应该注意的是,虽然已经对操作者和焊接的手动控制进行了某些参考,但是本技术还可以应用到自动或半自动焊接,包括通过使用焊接机器人的方式。在这种情况下,不仅通过控制电路控制焊接方式,而且还可以控制焊炬(和/或工件)的定位、移动和其他控制。
图4示出了随时间94显示的改进过程的示例性波形92。这里再次地,该过程可以包括电压闭环控制和电流闭环(例如,斜坡)控制的交替周期或相位,在这种情况下,峰值是电压闭环控制的,之后切换到电流闭环控制。在这个过程中,通过电极的熔融金属通过适当调节峰值和背景以及它们之间的过渡在脉冲过程中(其中微电弧化被最小化)被转移到行进的焊接熔池中。
如在图4中示出,在焊接过程中形成的电流(和电压)脉冲通常在时间上一致,其中电流脉冲仅在图4中示出。这里再次地,在一些实施例中,电流可以在波形的转变(斜坡)相位期间进行闭环控制,而在峰值和背景相位期间可以使用电压闭环控制。波形示出了电流在背景相位96期间(例如,通过调节电压、或电流或两者),之后在背景到峰值相位98期间通过电流的斜坡上升保持在相对稳定的电平。然后,如参考数字100所指示,实现扩展的峰值相位。在峰值相位之后,实施平滑过渡相位102以返回到背景电平。
为了避免或降低微电弧的风险,背景电流和电压与峰值电平相比,比传统的脉冲焊接技术保持在高得多的电平。例如,对于具有0.052英寸直径的药芯焊丝,以下基于每分钟英寸的焊丝进给速度(WFS)(电流“i”以安培为单位,电压“v”以伏特为单位)可能是典型的程序电平:
此外,在目前考虑的实施例中,对于所有焊丝进给速度,从背景相位到峰值相位的斜坡被设定为约350A/ms,如从峰值相位到背景相位的斜坡也是如此。此外,峰值相位的持续时间被扩展到该方式的每个循环脉冲的整个持续时间的约25%,其中具有如图4中所示的扩展过渡相位。可以观察到,对于大多数设置,背景与峰值电流比率高于25%,并且在大多数情况下高于约50%,并且高达或超过约70%。类似地,背景与峰值电压比率高于至少50%,并且在大多数情况下高于约60%,以及高达或超过约80%。
尽管本文仅仅示例和描述了本发明的某些特征,但是本领域技术人员将会想到许多修改和变化。因此,应该理解的是,所附权利要求旨在覆盖落入本发明真实精神内的所有这些修改和变化。
Claims (20)
1.一种焊接方法,包括:
产生用于焊接功率输出的控制波形,所述波形包括多个电压和电流的连续峰值相位,之后是过渡相位,接着是电压和电流的背景相位;以及
调节每个背景相位,使得背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为25%,并且背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为50%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于闭环电压控制来执行对所述波形的所述峰值相位的控制。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于闭环电压控制来执行对所述波形的所述背景相位的控制。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于闭环电流控制来执行对所述波形的所述过渡相位的控制。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为50%。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为70%。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为60%。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为80%。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述过渡相位中实施约350A/ms的电流斜坡率。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述峰值相位的持续时间是所述波形的一个循环的总持续时间的至少约25%。
11.一种焊接方法,包括:
产生用于循环脉冲焊接方式的控制波形,所述波形包括多个电压和电流的连续峰值相位,之后是过渡相位,接着是电压和电流的背景相位;
基于所述波形以期望的电压和电流电平向焊丝电极提供焊接功率,所述焊丝电极包括金属芯或药芯焊丝;以及
调节每个背景相位和每个峰值相位以减少所述焊丝电极和焊炬的触头之间的微电弧。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为25%。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为50%。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为50%。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为60%。
16.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中在所述过渡相位中实施约350A/ms的电流斜坡率。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述峰值相位的持续时间是所述波形的一个循环的总持续时间的至少约25%。
18.一种焊接系统,包括:
电源,所述电源配置为将来自电源的电功率转换为受控脉冲波形,用于执行焊接操作;以及
控制电路,所述控制电路偶联到所述电源并且配置为控制所述受控脉冲波形的产生,所述波形包括多个电压和电流的连续峰值相位,之后是过渡相位,接着是电压和电流的背景相位,并且其中所述控制电路配置为调节每个背景相位,使得背景电流与峰值电流的比率至少约为25%,并且背景电压与峰值电压的比率至少约为50%。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中在所述过渡相位中实施约350A/ms的电流斜坡率。
20.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述峰值相位的持续时间是所述波形的一个循环的总持续时间的至少约25%。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/954,124 | 2015-11-30 | ||
US14/954,124 US11285559B2 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | Welding system and method for shielded welding wires |
PCT/US2016/061388 WO2017095603A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-11-10 | Welding system and method for shielded welding wires |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108472757A true CN108472757A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
CN108472757B CN108472757B (zh) | 2021-07-20 |
Family
ID=57392060
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201680069203.3A Active CN108472757B (zh) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-11-10 | 用于保护焊丝的焊接系统及方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11285559B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3383572B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108472757B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3005216C (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2018006494A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017095603A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11504789B2 (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2022-11-22 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Systems and methods to control pulse welding |
US11826861B1 (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-11-28 | Sion Power Corporation | Joining systems, clamping fixtures, and related systems and methods |
US11759875B2 (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2023-09-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Autonomous robotic thread for repairing structures |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008137371A2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-11-13 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding system and method with improved waveform |
CN102574233A (zh) * | 2009-08-10 | 2012-07-11 | 林肯环球股份有限公司 | 用于gmaw短路高沉积弧焊的方法和设备 |
US20140158669A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Dabbing pulsed welding system and method |
CN104023893A (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-09-03 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | 具有两个波形发生器的混合式脉冲-短路焊接系统和方法 |
US20140263243A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Electrode negative pulse welding system and method |
US20140367370A1 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Systems and methods for anomalous cathode event control |
Family Cites Families (272)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1143600A (zh) | ||||
US2365958A (en) | 1943-07-10 | 1944-12-26 | Electric Arc Inc | Continuous arc welding system |
US2416047A (en) | 1943-07-10 | 1947-02-18 | George A Dolan | Combined reactor and induction preheater for use in electrode arc welding |
GB739375A (en) | 1951-12-04 | 1955-10-26 | John Conrad Arnold | Improvements in and relating to electric arc welding |
US3162751A (en) | 1962-09-24 | 1964-12-22 | Robbins Lawrence | Welding electrode |
BE637269A (zh) | 1962-10-01 | |||
GB1103882A (en) | 1964-03-14 | 1968-02-21 | Yawata Iron & Steel Co | High speed arc welding method |
NL6405698A (zh) | 1964-05-22 | 1965-11-23 | ||
US3362811A (en) | 1965-03-22 | 1968-01-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Wire for arc welding |
FR1443701A (fr) | 1965-08-06 | 1966-06-24 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Perfectionnements au soudage à l'arc électrique |
GB1183463A (en) | 1966-10-31 | 1970-03-04 | Murex Welding Processes Ltd | Improvements in Arc Welding Electrodes |
GB1145560A (en) | 1966-12-29 | 1969-03-19 | Murex Welding Processes Ltd | Improvements in arc welding electrodes |
US3529996A (en) | 1967-05-16 | 1970-09-22 | Eutectic Welding Alloys | Welding electrode |
NO131582C (zh) | 1969-12-27 | 1975-06-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | |
US3702390A (en) | 1970-02-10 | 1972-11-07 | Murex Welding Processes Ltd | Arc welding |
US4188419A (en) | 1971-02-12 | 1980-02-12 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-G.M.B.H. | Method for preventing cracks below seams during plating and welding |
US3848109A (en) | 1971-03-01 | 1974-11-12 | Stoody Co | Arc welding process and electrode for stainless steel |
US3946349A (en) | 1971-05-03 | 1976-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | High-power, low-loss high-frequency electrical coil |
US3767891A (en) | 1971-05-07 | 1973-10-23 | Lincoln Electric Co | Electrode for arc welding in air |
US3725629A (en) | 1971-07-16 | 1973-04-03 | Park O Ind Inc | Slab heating device |
US3725054A (en) | 1971-08-30 | 1973-04-03 | Reading Alloys | Aluminum-molybdenum-titanium master alloy |
US3843867A (en) | 1972-05-26 | 1974-10-22 | Chemetron Corp | Process for out-of-position welding |
US3809853A (en) | 1972-08-24 | 1974-05-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for short circuit metal transfer arc welding |
JPS5138288B2 (zh) | 1973-02-08 | 1976-10-21 | ||
US4045593A (en) | 1973-07-17 | 1977-08-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for producing moisture resistant electrodes |
US3849871A (en) | 1973-08-06 | 1974-11-26 | Neander H | Method for welding pipes |
US4010309A (en) | 1974-06-10 | 1977-03-01 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Welding electrode |
DE2501928A1 (de) | 1975-01-18 | 1976-07-22 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Verfahren zum zuenden des lichtbogens beim schweissen mit abschmelzenden drahtelektroden |
US4110514A (en) | 1975-07-10 | 1978-08-29 | Elektriska Svetsningsaktiebolaget | Weld metal deposit coated tool steel |
JPS52114447A (en) | 1976-03-23 | 1977-09-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Welding materials containing chromium |
US4122238A (en) | 1976-05-19 | 1978-10-24 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Welding flux formulation and process for fume reduction |
GB1580443A (en) | 1976-08-21 | 1980-12-03 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Electrical coil assembly |
US4160066A (en) | 1977-10-11 | 1979-07-03 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Age-hardenable weld deposit |
ZA793101B (en) | 1978-07-05 | 1980-04-30 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Electrical coil assembly |
SU872102A1 (ru) | 1979-11-20 | 1981-10-15 | Уфимский авиационный институт им.С.Орджоникидзе | Способ стабилизации длины дуги |
US4282420A (en) | 1980-02-11 | 1981-08-04 | Chemetron Corporation | Welding electrode |
US4449031A (en) | 1980-04-16 | 1984-05-15 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Tubular composite arc welding electrode for vertical up welding of stainless steel and nickel-base alloys |
DE3021659C2 (de) | 1980-06-10 | 1985-01-17 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Verfahren zur Messung und Steuerung der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit von Schweißautomaten |
JPS5719166A (en) | 1980-07-08 | 1982-02-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Pulse arc welding device |
JPS57109573A (en) | 1980-12-27 | 1982-07-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Pulse arc welding method |
US4447703A (en) | 1981-11-13 | 1984-05-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for arc welding |
US4536634A (en) | 1982-01-08 | 1985-08-20 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Hot wire arc welding torch assembly |
JPS58107274U (ja) | 1982-01-08 | 1983-07-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ホツトワイヤ−式ア−ク溶接ト−チ |
US4531040A (en) | 1982-01-11 | 1985-07-23 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K. | Hot wire type arc welding torch and cable |
JPS58196192A (ja) | 1982-05-10 | 1983-11-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温用オ−ステナイト系溶接構造物 |
GB2130948B (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1986-10-08 | Nas Sweisware Eiendoms Beperk | Flux-coated arc welding electrode |
US4551610A (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1985-11-05 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Tubular welding electrode |
US4546234A (en) * | 1983-08-11 | 1985-10-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Output control of short circuit welding power source |
JPH0679781B2 (ja) | 1984-07-02 | 1994-10-12 | バブコツク日立株式会社 | ホットワイヤtig溶接装置 |
JPS60108175A (ja) | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-13 | Osaka Denki Kk | 消耗電極式ア−ク溶接方法におけるア−ク起動方法 |
JPS60108176A (ja) | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-13 | Osaka Denki Kk | 消耗電極式ア−ク溶接方法におけるア−ク起動方法 |
JPS6167597A (ja) | 1984-09-08 | 1986-04-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | 低水素系被覆ア−ク溶接棒用心線 |
US4584459A (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1986-04-22 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Spray transfer self-shielded tubular composite hard surfacing electrode |
CN86101294B (zh) | 1985-02-13 | 1988-11-23 | 巴布考克日立株式会社 | 半自动热丝惰性气体保护钨极弧焊设备 |
US4631385A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1986-12-23 | Dimetrics, Inc. | Automated position detectors and welding system utilizing same |
US4604510A (en) | 1985-05-20 | 1986-08-05 | Tocco, Inc. | Method and apparatus for heat treating camshafts |
US4580026A (en) | 1985-06-05 | 1986-04-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature of continuously fed wires |
US4667083A (en) | 1986-02-14 | 1987-05-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Torch for preheating a continuously fed welding wire |
US4954691A (en) | 1986-12-10 | 1990-09-04 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Method and device for controlling a short circuiting type welding system |
US4897523A (en) | 1986-12-11 | 1990-01-30 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Apparatus and method of short circuiting arc welding |
US5148001A (en) | 1986-12-11 | 1992-09-15 | The Lincoln Electric Company | System and method of short circuiting arc welding |
US5001326A (en) | 1986-12-11 | 1991-03-19 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Apparatus and method of controlling a welding cycle |
CH673005A5 (zh) | 1987-05-04 | 1990-01-31 | Inst Chernoi Metallurgii | |
JPS6471575A (en) | 1987-09-10 | 1989-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for restraining and controlling over welding current |
US4833296A (en) | 1987-12-29 | 1989-05-23 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Consumable welding electrode and method of using same |
JPH07115183B2 (ja) | 1988-06-29 | 1995-12-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 負荷電圧検出システムと該検出システムを用いたパルスアーク溶接装置並びにパルスレーザ装置及び表面処理装置 |
US4950348A (en) | 1988-10-13 | 1990-08-21 | Elva Induksjon A/S | Method for joining structural elements by heating of a binder |
GB8900738D0 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-03-08 | Central Electr Generat Board | Welding method and apparatus |
SE8900758A0 (sv) | 1989-03-06 | 1990-09-07 | Esab Ab | Sätt vid pulsbågsvetsning |
US4973821A (en) | 1989-04-03 | 1990-11-27 | Donald L. Martin | Control unit for welding apparatus having offset and tracking control features |
US5118028A (en) | 1989-08-29 | 1992-06-02 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Diffusion bonding method for corrosion-resistant materials |
US5369244A (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1994-11-29 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Flux cored arc welding electrode |
JP2935434B2 (ja) | 1990-03-30 | 1999-08-16 | 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 | ティグ溶接電源の制御方法およびその装置 |
US5140123A (en) | 1990-05-25 | 1992-08-18 | Kusakabe Electric & Machinery Co., Ltd. | Continuous manufacturing method for a metal welded tube and a manufacturing apparatus therefor |
FR2663490B1 (fr) | 1990-06-15 | 1992-09-11 | Rotelec Sa | Bobine de chauffage inductif. |
US5101086A (en) | 1990-10-25 | 1992-03-31 | Hydro-Quebec | Electromagnetic inductor with ferrite core for heating electrically conducting material |
US5352871A (en) | 1991-02-20 | 1994-10-04 | Metcal Inc | System and method for joining plastic materials |
US5270516A (en) | 1991-04-01 | 1993-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Arc welding machine |
DE4121237C2 (de) | 1991-06-27 | 1994-07-21 | Utp Schweissmaterial | Elektronischer Schweißstrom-Generator für das Impuls-Lichtbogenschweißen |
US5343023A (en) | 1991-08-23 | 1994-08-30 | Miller Electric Mfg. Co. | Induction heater having a power inverter and a variable frequency output inverter |
DE4141927C2 (de) | 1991-12-19 | 1995-06-14 | Mtu Maintenance Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schweißen von Werkstücken |
US5315089A (en) | 1992-03-02 | 1994-05-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | System and method for converting an AGTAW welder into an AGMAW welder |
US5412184A (en) | 1992-04-16 | 1995-05-02 | Gas Research Institute | Industion heating tool |
US5349156A (en) | 1992-06-01 | 1994-09-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Sensing of gas metal arc welding process characteristics for welding process control |
US5365036A (en) | 1992-06-22 | 1994-11-15 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Flux cored gas shielded electrode |
JP2816076B2 (ja) | 1993-01-21 | 1998-10-27 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | コロイダル粒子の分散体および水性塗料組成物 |
US5278390A (en) | 1993-03-18 | 1994-01-11 | The Lincoln Electric Company | System and method for controlling a welding process for an arc welder |
JP3209821B2 (ja) | 1993-03-31 | 2001-09-17 | 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 | 消耗電極式ガスシールドアーク溶接の出力制御方法およびその溶接装置 |
US5367138A (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-11-22 | Automation International Incorporated | Welding assurance control techniques |
US5466916A (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1995-11-14 | Hidec Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for joint resin pipes using high-frequency electric induction heating |
CN2181354Y (zh) | 1993-11-17 | 1994-11-02 | 牟青岳 | 电焊机网路电压补偿装置 |
JP3221203B2 (ja) | 1994-01-13 | 2001-10-22 | 株式会社ダイヘン | 消耗電極式ア−ク溶接制御方法及び電源装置 |
US5461215A (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-24 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Fluid cooled litz coil inductive heater and connector therefor |
DE69515083T2 (de) | 1994-05-27 | 2000-10-12 | Toshiba Kawasaki Kk | Steueranlage für Widerstandsschweissmaschine |
EP0688630B2 (en) | 1994-06-24 | 2010-06-09 | KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. | Flux-cored wire for gas shielded arc welding |
US5710413A (en) | 1995-03-29 | 1998-01-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | H-field electromagnetic heating system for fusion bonding |
US5708253A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-13 | Hill Technical Services, Inc. | Apparatus and method for computerized interactive control, measurement and documentation of arc welding |
US5714738A (en) | 1995-07-10 | 1998-02-03 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co. | Apparatus and methods of making and using heater apparatus for heating an object having two-dimensional or three-dimensional curvature |
US5783799A (en) | 1996-01-11 | 1998-07-21 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Series resonant converter, and method and apparatus for control thereof |
US5773799A (en) | 1996-04-01 | 1998-06-30 | Gas Research Institute | High-frequency induction heating power supply |
BR9701473A (pt) | 1996-04-22 | 1998-09-08 | Illinois Tool Works | Sistema e método para o aquecimento indutivo de uma peça de trabalho e sistema para a aquecimento indutivo segmentado contínuo de uma peça de trabalho |
US5824992A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 1998-10-20 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Metal-core weld wire with reduced core fill percentage |
US5857141A (en) | 1996-06-11 | 1999-01-05 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Metal-core weld wire for welding galvanized steels |
US5742029A (en) | 1996-07-15 | 1998-04-21 | The Lincoln Electric Company | Method of welding wallpaper alloy an arc welder modified to practice same |
US5686002A (en) | 1996-08-12 | 1997-11-11 | Tri Tool Inc. | Method of welding |
US5739506A (en) | 1996-08-20 | 1998-04-14 | Ajax Magnethermic Corporation | Coil position adjustment system in induction heating assembly for metal strip |
US5968587A (en) | 1996-11-13 | 1999-10-19 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of a vapor deposition apparatus |
US5756967A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1998-05-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Sensing ARC welding process characteristics for welding process control |
US5963022A (en) | 1997-06-05 | 1999-10-05 | Square D Company | Method and apparatus for compensating phase distortion caused by a high impedance voltage source |
JPH11156542A (ja) | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-15 | Daihen Corp | スタッド溶接のケーブル電圧降下補償方法 |
US6339209B1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 2002-01-15 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electrode and flux for arc welding stainless steel |
US6051810A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 2000-04-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Short circuit welder |
GB9800405D0 (en) | 1998-01-10 | 1998-03-04 | Reed Edward John | Welding method and apparatus |
US6087626A (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2000-07-11 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding |
US6090067A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2000-07-18 | Carter; Bruce C. | Surface access hemostatic valve |
DE19808383A1 (de) | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Metall-Schutzgas-Lichtbogen-Schweißen (MIG/MAG-Schweißen) von zwei oder mehreren Fügepartnern |
US6008470A (en) | 1998-03-26 | 1999-12-28 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Method and system for gas metal arc welding |
US6002104A (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-12-14 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electric arc welder and controller therefor |
US6115273A (en) | 1998-07-09 | 2000-09-05 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Power converter with low loss switching |
US6292715B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2001-09-18 | Perry Investments, Inc. | Robotic process planning method and apparatus using templates |
US6906284B2 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 2005-06-14 | You-Chul Kim | Arc welding method |
US20010008235A1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2001-07-19 | Edward S. Miszczak | Ultra low carbon metal-core weld wire |
US6204476B1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2001-03-20 | Illinois Tool Works | Welding power supply for pulsed spray welding |
AT409833B (de) | 1999-06-04 | 2002-11-25 | Fronius Schweissmasch Prod | Verfahren zur ermittlung der schweissprozessspannung |
US6242113B1 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2001-06-05 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Welding alloy and articles for use in welding, weldments and methods for producing weldments |
US6169263B1 (en) | 1999-08-02 | 2001-01-02 | Automation International Inc. | Techniques for adaptive control of force in resistance welding applications |
AT409601B (de) | 1999-11-02 | 2002-09-25 | Fronius Schweissmasch Prod | Verfahren zur datenübertragung und/oder synchronisierung zwischen zumindest zwei schweissgeräten und die vorrichtung hierzu |
US6560513B2 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-05-06 | Fanuc Robotics North America | Robotic system with teach pendant |
US6331694B1 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2001-12-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Fuel cell operated welder |
AT412388B (de) | 2000-01-20 | 2005-02-25 | Fronius Schweissmasch Prod | Verfahren zum regeln einer schweissstromquelle mit einem resonanzkreis |
AUPQ528400A0 (en) | 2000-01-27 | 2000-02-17 | Crc For Welded Structures Limited | A welding control system |
US6265688B1 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-07-24 | Norman A. Lyshkow | Method of welding metals and apparatus for use therefor |
WO2001063974A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Welding consumable wires |
US6278074B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2001-08-21 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and system for welding railroad rails |
US6248976B1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2001-06-19 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method of controlling arc welding processes and welder using same |
JP2001276971A (ja) | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-09 | Hitachi Ltd | 高周波パルス溶接機の制御方法及び装置 |
CA2413918A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | Holland Lp | Gap welding process |
GC0000233A (en) | 2000-08-07 | 2006-03-29 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Weld metals with superior low temperature toughness for joining high strength, low alloy steels |
US6479792B1 (en) | 2000-09-06 | 2002-11-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding machine, system and method therefor |
US6674047B1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2004-01-06 | Concept Alloys, L.L.C. | Wire electrode with core of multiplex composite powder, its method of manufacture and use |
WO2002043248A2 (en) | 2000-11-23 | 2002-05-30 | The Indian Institute Of Technology (Iitd) | Analog to digital converter |
WO2002045899A1 (fr) | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-13 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Procede de commande de soudage a l'arc et soudeur a l'arc |
US6583386B1 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2003-06-24 | Impact Engineering, Inc. | Method and system for weld monitoring and tracking |
US6501049B2 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2002-12-31 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Short circuit arc welder and method of controlling same |
US6624388B1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-09-23 | The Lincoln Electric Company | System and method providing distributed welding architecture |
US6486439B1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-11-26 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | System and method providing automated welding information exchange and replacement part order generation |
US6784401B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2004-08-31 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding electrode and method for reducing manganese in fume |
US6847956B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2005-01-25 | General Electric Company | System and method for determining specific requirements from general requirements documents |
US6359258B1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-03-19 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method of determining cable impedance |
CA2345836A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-08-27 | Tony Lee Arndt | Method and system for hot wire welding |
US6515258B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2003-02-04 | General Electric Company | Long reach welding torch and method for selecting torch shape |
US6472634B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-29 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electric arc welding system |
US6515259B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2003-02-04 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electric arc welder using high frequency pulses |
DE10136992A1 (de) | 2001-07-23 | 2003-02-06 | Emhart Llc Newark | Verfahren zum Kurzzeit-Lichtbogenschweißen sowie Kurzzeit-Lichtbogenschweißsystem |
US6670579B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-12-30 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding-type system with network and multiple level messaging between components |
US6642482B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-11-04 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding-type system with robot calibration |
US6747247B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2004-06-08 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding-type power supply with a state-based controller |
KR100921669B1 (ko) | 2001-11-07 | 2009-10-15 | 커먼웰쓰 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 | 콘택트 팁 |
JP2003266194A (ja) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-09-24 | Jfe Steel Kk | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼管mig溶接用ワイヤおよびマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼管の溶接方法 |
US6723954B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2004-04-20 | Hobart Brothers Company | Straight polarity metal cored wire |
JP4263886B2 (ja) | 2002-02-22 | 2009-05-13 | 株式会社ダイヘン | パルスアーク溶接のアーク長制御方法 |
US6984806B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2006-01-10 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for retracting and advancing a welding wire |
US6969823B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2005-11-29 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling a welding system |
JP3758040B2 (ja) | 2002-07-26 | 2006-03-22 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 低合金耐熱鋼用ガスシールドアーク溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ |
US6855913B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2005-02-15 | Hobart Brothers Company | Flux-cored wire formulation for welding |
US6720529B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2004-04-13 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Autothread control for a wire feeder of a welding system |
JP4478378B2 (ja) | 2002-09-26 | 2010-06-09 | 株式会社ダイヘン | 溶接電源装置の出力制御方法 |
US6909067B2 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2005-06-21 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding with CV control |
US6707001B1 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2004-03-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus of voltage protection for a welding-type device |
US6812504B2 (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2004-11-02 | Micron Technology, Inc. | TFT-based random access memory cells comprising thyristors |
US6974932B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2005-12-13 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding |
US6995338B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2006-02-07 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for short circuit welding |
US6974931B2 (en) | 2003-05-07 | 2005-12-13 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for pulse and short circuit arc welding |
US6933466B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2005-08-23 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for arc welding with wire heat control |
US20040238511A1 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-02 | Matus Tim A. | Method and apparatus for initiating welding arc with aid of vaporized chemical |
US20070267393A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2007-11-22 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Power source for high current welding |
JP4334930B2 (ja) | 2003-07-16 | 2009-09-30 | 株式会社ダイヘン | パルスアーク溶接のアーク長制御方法 |
US6930279B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-08-16 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electric arc welder and method for controlling the welding process of the welder |
JP4490088B2 (ja) | 2003-09-12 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社ダイヘン | パルスアーク溶接の出力制御方法及びアーク長揺動パルスアーク溶接の出力制御方法 |
US7049545B2 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2006-05-23 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | MIG welding machine having 115V inverter |
WO2005030421A1 (fr) | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-07 | Tsinghua University | Procede et systeme pour reduire les projections de soudure dans les procedures a transition de court-circuit pour le soudage sous protection gazeuse |
CN100344402C (zh) | 2003-09-26 | 2007-10-24 | 清华大学 | 用于降低短路过渡气体保护焊飞溅的方法和系统 |
AT413801B (de) | 2003-09-29 | 2006-06-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Schweissanlage, sowie verfahren zur energieeinbringung in einen schweissprozess |
EP1677940B1 (de) | 2003-10-23 | 2013-11-27 | Fronius International GmbH | Verfahren zum steuern und/oder regeln eines schweissprozesses und schweissgerät zur durchführung eines schweissprozesses |
CN1323792C (zh) | 2004-01-17 | 2007-07-04 | 上海威特力焊接设备制造有限公司 | 焊机的输出特性控制方法 |
US7109439B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2006-09-19 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Short circuit arc welder and method of controlling same |
FR2866825B1 (fr) | 2004-03-01 | 2007-04-20 | Air Liquide | Electrode enrobee a faible emission de fumees et bas chrome hexavalent pour le soudage des aciers inoxydables |
US8704135B2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2014-04-22 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Synergistic welding system |
US8203099B2 (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2012-06-19 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and device to build-up, clad, or hard-face with minimal admixture |
US7304269B2 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2007-12-04 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Pulse welder and method of using same |
RU2253556C1 (ru) | 2004-06-10 | 2005-06-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество Научно-производственное объединение "ПОЛИМЕТАЛЛ" | Сварочная проволока |
JP2006000857A (ja) | 2004-06-15 | 2006-01-05 | Daihen Corp | パルスアーク溶接電源 |
CN100398246C (zh) | 2004-06-30 | 2008-07-02 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | 集箱环缝自动氩弧焊及窄间隙埋弧焊接工艺及设备 |
US7491910B2 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2009-02-17 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Hardfacing electrode |
US7732733B2 (en) | 2005-01-26 | 2010-06-08 | Nippon Welding Rod Co., Ltd. | Ferritic stainless steel welding wire and manufacturing method thereof |
JP4211740B2 (ja) | 2005-01-26 | 2009-01-21 | パナソニック株式会社 | アークブロー対策制御方法及び消耗電極式パルスアーク溶接装置 |
JP2006263757A (ja) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Daihen Corp | パルスアーク溶接のアーク長制御方法 |
US7829820B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2010-11-09 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Flux cored electrode with fluorine |
WO2006112219A1 (ja) | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 消耗電極式アーク溶接機 |
AT501995B1 (de) | 2005-05-24 | 2009-07-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Kalt-metall-transfer-schweissverfahren sowie schweissanlage |
US8624163B2 (en) | 2005-06-01 | 2014-01-07 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Modified flux system |
US7244905B2 (en) | 2005-06-09 | 2007-07-17 | Daimlerchrysler Corporation | Method for estimating nugget diameter and weld parameters |
US20060285330A1 (en) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-21 | Ingvar Sundell | Automatic darkening filter with automatic power management |
US8431862B2 (en) | 2005-08-25 | 2013-04-30 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Torch for electric arc welding system |
US8952291B2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2015-02-10 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | System and method for controlling a hybrid welding process |
FR2891482B1 (fr) | 2005-10-05 | 2008-02-22 | Air Liquide | Fil fourre sans laitier pour soudage en position verticale descendante |
JP5214859B2 (ja) | 2005-11-07 | 2013-06-19 | 株式会社ダイヘン | 消耗電極アーク溶接電源の出力制御方法 |
US20100101780A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2010-04-29 | Michael Drew Ballew | Process of applying hard-facing alloys having improved crack resistance and tools manufactured therefrom |
US8269144B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2012-09-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | High strength stick electrode |
US8704131B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2014-04-22 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for pulse welding |
US7683290B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2010-03-23 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and apparatus for characterizing a welding output circuit path |
US8759716B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2014-06-24 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding with limited term software |
FR2905293B1 (fr) | 2006-09-06 | 2008-11-07 | Air Liquide | Fil, flux et procede de soudage des aciers a forte teneur en nickel |
AT504197B1 (de) | 2006-09-08 | 2010-01-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Schweissverfahren zur durchführung eines schweissprozesses |
US20080264917A1 (en) | 2007-04-30 | 2008-10-30 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Metal core welding wire pulsed welding system and method |
US8907248B2 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2014-12-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Aluminum deoxidizing welding wire |
US20100059493A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2010-03-11 | Mcaninch Michael D | Induction heated, hot wire welding |
US20090045172A1 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2009-02-19 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method of open root welding |
JP2009072826A (ja) | 2007-08-27 | 2009-04-09 | Daihen Corp | パルスアーク溶接制御方法 |
CN201098775Y (zh) | 2007-09-13 | 2008-08-13 | 上海梅达焊接设备有限公司 | 监测焊接设备状态的系统 |
JP4950819B2 (ja) | 2007-09-21 | 2012-06-13 | 株式会社ダイヘン | 交流消耗電極短絡アーク溶接方法 |
WO2009089337A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Automatic weld arc monitoring system |
US9352411B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2016-05-31 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding training system |
US10086461B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2018-10-02 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and system to start and use combination filler wire feed and high intensity energy source for welding |
JP5398280B2 (ja) | 2009-01-21 | 2014-01-29 | 株式会社ダイヘン | パルスアーク溶接方法 |
JP5199910B2 (ja) | 2009-02-12 | 2013-05-15 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 消耗電極式パルスアーク溶接の溶接制御装置およびそのアーク長制御方法、並びにその溶接制御装置を備えた溶接システム |
US8274013B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2012-09-25 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | System for tracking and analyzing welding activity |
AT508094B1 (de) | 2009-03-31 | 2015-05-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bedienung einer mit einem handbetätigten arbeitsgerät verbundenen stromquelle |
JPWO2010123035A1 (ja) | 2009-04-22 | 2012-10-25 | 株式会社Ihi検査計測 | ハイブリッド溶接方法及びハイブリッド溶接装置 |
US8455794B2 (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2013-06-04 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding power supply with digital control of duty cycle |
US8546726B2 (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2013-10-01 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Systems and devices for determining weld cable inductance |
US8367972B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2013-02-05 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Systems and methods for diagnosing secondary weld errors |
US8288686B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2012-10-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding systems and methods for controlling a wire feeder via a spool gun connection |
EP2286949A1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-23 | Desarrollo Gestión Industrial y del medio Ambiente, S.A. | Electronic system for optimizing energy transfer for welding equipments |
US8610031B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2013-12-17 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method of arc welding root pass |
JP5198481B2 (ja) | 2010-01-09 | 2013-05-15 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Ni基合金フラックス入りワイヤ |
US10239146B2 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2019-03-26 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for welding with short clearing prediction |
US8237087B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2012-08-07 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding system with torque motor wire drive |
US8395085B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2013-03-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Wire feed speed referenced variable frequency pulse welding system |
CN102470473B (zh) | 2010-03-18 | 2014-07-02 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 电弧焊接装置 |
JP5234042B2 (ja) | 2010-04-07 | 2013-07-10 | 株式会社デンソー | アーク溶接方法およびその装置 |
KR101642548B1 (ko) | 2010-05-28 | 2016-07-25 | 이에스에이비 아베 | 단락 아크 용접 시스템 |
JP4903918B1 (ja) | 2010-06-07 | 2012-03-28 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 超高強度溶接継手およびその製造方法 |
CN101862886B (zh) | 2010-06-10 | 2012-02-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 热丝熔化极气体保护焊接方法及其实现装置 |
WO2012032703A1 (ja) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | アーク溶接制御方法 |
KR20120027764A (ko) | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-22 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 아크용접장치 |
JP2012066288A (ja) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-05 | Fanuc Ltd | アークスタート時のスパッタの発生を低減するアーク溶接方法 |
US9415457B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2016-08-16 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method to control an arc welding system to reduce spatter |
US20120248080A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding electrode stickout monitoring and control |
US9073138B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2015-07-07 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Dual-spectrum digital imaging welding helmet |
US9868171B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2018-01-16 | Victor Equipment Company | Initiation of welding arc by restricting output |
CN102554418A (zh) | 2012-02-16 | 2012-07-11 | 山东大学 | 一种镁合金薄壁管的微束钨极氩弧焊方法 |
CN102581513B (zh) | 2012-03-06 | 2015-01-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种用于核电站核岛主设备的镍基焊丝 |
US20130264323A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-10 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Process for surface tension transfer short ciruit welding |
CN202824943U (zh) | 2012-05-24 | 2013-03-27 | 浙江申元机电有限公司 | 电焊机控制模组 |
US10906135B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2021-02-02 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding wire |
US10898966B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2021-01-26 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding wire |
JP5893732B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-13 | 2016-03-23 | 西部電機株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法 |
US20140021183A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2014-01-23 | Lincoln Global Inc. | Method and system for gas metal arc welding and a contact tip used for the same |
US10316395B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2019-06-11 | The Esab Group, Inc. | Low-manganese gas-shielded flux cored welding electrodes |
US10065260B2 (en) | 2013-01-03 | 2018-09-04 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for controlling an arc welding process |
US9550248B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2017-01-24 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electric arc welder using high frequency pulses and negative polarity |
US9623505B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-04-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Method and system of welding with a power supply having a single welding mode |
US10040142B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-08-07 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Variable polarity pulse with constant droplet size |
US9844838B2 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2017-12-19 | Hobart Brothers Company | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys |
US10828728B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2020-11-10 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Hotwire deposition material processing system and method |
US9643273B2 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2017-05-09 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Systems and methods for configuring a cutting or welding delivery device |
US9539662B2 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2017-01-10 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Extraction of arc length from voltage and current feedback |
US11198189B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2021-12-14 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Electrode negative pulse welding system and method |
US11478870B2 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2022-10-25 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Dabbing pulsed welding system and method |
US10189106B2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2019-01-29 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Reduced energy welding system and method |
US11370050B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2022-06-28 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Controlled short circuit welding system and method |
-
2015
- 2015-11-30 US US14/954,124 patent/US11285559B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-11-10 WO PCT/US2016/061388 patent/WO2017095603A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-11-10 MX MX2018006494A patent/MX2018006494A/es unknown
- 2016-11-10 EP EP16801100.5A patent/EP3383572B1/en active Active
- 2016-11-10 CN CN201680069203.3A patent/CN108472757B/zh active Active
- 2016-11-10 CA CA3005216A patent/CA3005216C/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008137371A2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-11-13 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Welding system and method with improved waveform |
CN102574233A (zh) * | 2009-08-10 | 2012-07-11 | 林肯环球股份有限公司 | 用于gmaw短路高沉积弧焊的方法和设备 |
CN104023893A (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-09-03 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | 具有两个波形发生器的混合式脉冲-短路焊接系统和方法 |
US20140158669A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Dabbing pulsed welding system and method |
US20140263243A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Electrode negative pulse welding system and method |
US20140367370A1 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Systems and methods for anomalous cathode event control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3005216A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
US11285559B2 (en) | 2022-03-29 |
EP3383572B1 (en) | 2023-06-21 |
CA3005216C (en) | 2020-09-29 |
EP3383572A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
MX2018006494A (es) | 2018-08-15 |
CN108472757B (zh) | 2021-07-20 |
US20170151621A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
WO2017095603A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9987701B2 (en) | Hybrid pulsed-short circuit welding regime | |
US20180311754A1 (en) | Dabbing Pulsed Welding System And Method | |
CN107000098B (zh) | 轻涂短路电弧焊接方法 | |
EP3230004B1 (en) | Welding system and method with reduced energy welding | |
US11370050B2 (en) | Controlled short circuit welding system and method | |
US20180236585A1 (en) | Welding wire preheating systems and methods | |
US10442027B2 (en) | Digital communication based arc control welding system and method | |
CN106573325B (zh) | 用于控制送丝速度的系统和方法 | |
CN102958636A (zh) | 采用一体式用户界面的焊接设备 | |
CN105579177A (zh) | 涉及调节电极的伸出端的焓的材料加工方法和系统 | |
CN108472757A (zh) | 用于保护焊丝的焊接系统及方法 | |
CN104870135A (zh) | 增强金属沉积的电弧焊系统 | |
CN101992335B (zh) | 电弧焊接方法以及电弧焊接系统 | |
JP2004148368A (ja) | 溶接装置及び溶接方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |