CN108136364A - 碳基多孔材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
碳基多孔材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Claims (35)
- 一种碳基多孔材料,所述碳基多孔材料微观呈现出三维交联网状等级孔结构,比表面积为500~2500m2/g,水接触角大于90°。
- 根据权利要求1所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的大孔含量为1~10%优选3~8%,微孔含量为20~65%优选35~60%。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的比表面积为500~2300m2/g优选为600~2000m2/g。
- 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的介孔含量为30~70%,介孔含量为40~60%。
- 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的水接触角大于110°优选大于等于115°。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,所述碳基多孔材料比表面积为500~2300m2/g,介孔含量为30~70%,微观呈现出三维交联网状等级孔结构,介孔孔径大小为2~60nm,最可几孔径为1.7~3.8nm,碳基多孔材料与水的接触角大于或等于120°优选大于120至小于等于150°,更优选为125~145°。
- 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的BJH吸附平均孔径为1~7nm优选3~6.5nm,最可几孔径为1.7~3.8nm。
- 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的球盘强度不低于90%,优选93~98%;压碎强度不低于90N/cm2,优选100~200N/cm2。
- 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的常温丁烷吸附活性大于15g/100g,优选16~35g/100g。
- 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的丁烷脱附率不低于55%,优选不低于60%,进一步优选为60~78%。
- 根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料,其中,该碳基多孔材料的吸附热不超过85℃,优选不超过80℃,进一步优选为50~75℃。
- 权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的碳基多孔材料在油气吸附回收中的应用。
- 一种碳基多孔材料的制备方法,该方法包括在缩聚反应条件下,将醛、酚和酸进行接触反应,得到溶胶凝胶,然后将所得溶胶凝胶依次进行冷冻干燥和碳化活化,其中,所述酚为甲酚、苯酚、间苯二酚、间苯三酚、邻苯二酚、邻苯三酚中的一种或多种,所述酸为甲酸、乙酸、乙二酸、丁二酸、磷酸、盐酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸中的一种或多种,所述醛为甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛、丙醛中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述将醛和酚进行接触反应的方式为将酚和醛的水溶液混合,然后加入酸搅拌混合至固化形成凝胶。
- 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中,所述醛的水溶液的浓度为10~40重量%。
- 根据权利要求13-15中任意一项所述的方法,其中,醛与酚的质量比为1~5优选1.2~2.5、醛与酸的质量比为10~100优选20~60更优选为30~55。
- 根据权利要求13-16中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述缩聚反应条件包括温度为60~120℃,优选为70~100℃;时间为大于12小时,优选为20~80小时。
- 根据权利要求13-17中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述冷冻干燥的方式包括先在-196~-180℃进行预冻处理,预冻时间小于60秒,随后在温度为-70℃以下优选-80℃以下进一步优选-85~-90℃、真空度为3~10Pa的条件下进行干燥除水,所述冷冻干燥优选在真空冷冻干燥箱内进行。
- 根据权利要求13-18中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述碳化活化包括碳化阶段和活化阶段,所述碳化阶段在惰性气体保护下进行,碳化阶段的温度为550℃以上优选600℃以上更优选600~800℃,时间超过2小时,优选超过3小时,更优选3~6小时。
- 根据权利要求13-19中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述活化阶段在二氧化碳气体或以二氧化碳为主要组分的混合气气氛下进行,活化阶段的温度为大于800℃,优选850~1100℃,时间超过3小时,更优选3~8小时。
- 根据权利要求19或20所述的方法,其中,升温至所述碳化阶段和活化阶段所需温度的升温速率为<10℃/分钟,优选为2~9.5℃/分钟,更优选为3~9℃/分钟。
- 一种碳基多孔材料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(A)将炭粉、发酵剂和水混合均匀后进行发酵;(B)将发酵得到的产物与水和粘结剂混合后进行交联固化;(C)将交联固化得到的产物进行成型并干燥;(D)将干燥后的产物进行碳化活化。
- 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述炭粉为椰壳炭粉、木材炭粉、竹炭粉、藕炭粉、秸秆炭粉中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求22或23所述的方法,其中,所述发酵剂为有机质,优选为淀粉,进一步优选为绿豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、麦类淀粉、菱角淀粉、藕淀粉、玉米淀粉中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求22-24中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述发酵剂的用量为炭粉的5~20重量%,优选为8~18重量%,水的用量为有机质和炭粉重量的1~3倍,优选为1.5~2.5倍。
- 根据权利要求22-25中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述发酵的条件包括温度为10~40℃,时间为1~4个月,氧气含量<10体积%。
- 根据权利要求22-26中任意一项所述的方法,其中,发酵得到的产物与粘结剂和水的重量比为100:5~20:10~35,优选为100:8~18:15~25。
- 根据权利要求22-27中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述粘结剂为石油沥青、煤焦油和煤沥青中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求22-28中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述交联固化的条件包括温度为50~100℃,优选为60~90℃;时间为20~80分钟,优选为30~60分钟。
- 根据权利要求22-29中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述成型的方式为压条成型,干燥的温度为70~100℃,时间为2~3小时。
- 根据权利要求22-30中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述碳化活化的条件包括温度为650~1000℃,优选为700~950℃;时间为80~300分钟,优选为100~240分钟。
- 根据权利要求22-31中任意一项所述的方法,其中,所述碳化活化所用的活化剂为150~200℃的水蒸气和/或二氧化碳气体,相对于100g所述干燥后的产物,活化剂的用量为10~100g。
- 根据权利要求13-32中任意一项所述的方法,其中,该方法还包括将碳化活化得到的产物与硅烷偶联剂接触,进行疏水化处理。
- 根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中,碳化活化得到的产物:硅烷偶联剂:溶剂的重量比为100:1~5:100~200。
- 根据权利要求33或34所述的方法,其中,所述硅烷偶联剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、乙烯基氯硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
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