CN110371945A - 一种疏水改性生物炭的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疏水改性生物炭的制备方法。针对生物炭改性土壤覆盖层吸附和氧化甲烷技术，生物炭的添加可以促进甲烷的扩散和吸附但是与防止雨水扩散进入覆盖层存在矛盾。利用防水透气材料的疏水结构和控制孔隙来达到其性能特点，利用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷的疏水特征对生物质炭进行疏水改性，使疏水性的生物炭替代普通生物炭添加至覆盖层以提高其防水性能和甲烷吸附性能。通过优化覆盖层的疏水性和生物炭改性土壤覆盖材料的含量，尽量防止雨水进去覆盖层的同时，又能促进甲烷从填埋层进入覆盖层，从而解决普通生物炭覆盖层防水透气性差的关键问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境水处理领域，特别涉及一种疏水改性生物炭的制备方法。
背景技术
甲烷（CH4）是除了二氧化碳（CO2）以外最重要的温室气体，其全球变暖潜力是CO2的25倍，对全球气候变暖的贡献可达15%。垃圾填埋场产生的CH4是继农业生产活动、煤矿开采之后的由人类活动引起的第三大排放源。因而，如何实现填埋场温室气体CH4的减排受到大量关注。
填埋场CH4减排技术主要可以分为资源化利用、末端控制和原位减排三类。在填埋垃圾降解的活跃期，CH4浓度可达30%-60%，填埋气用于供热、发电和作为动力燃料经济可行。对于达到燃烧标准的，可采用末端控制技术中的火炬燃烧。对于中小填埋场，采用原位减排技术如准好氧填埋可有效降低70%-90%的CH4气体排放。然而，在CH4浓度低于20%的老填埋场或废弃填埋场中，资源化利用和火炬燃烧是不可行的，安装气体收集系统不具经济可行性。即使在新建填埋场，气体收集系统也不可能减排所有的填埋气。在填埋垃圾降解的活跃阶段，工程技术手段和土壤覆盖层联合收集系统，或者在老填埋场和废弃填埋场单独使用土壤覆盖层可以最大化的减少CH4排放。因此，采用有效的覆盖系统，通过CH4吸附以及生化氧化过程可以相当大的减少CH4排放。
相对而言，生物炭覆盖层更具技术优势：对比单独的土壤柱，生物炭改良的土壤柱存在更多的甲烷氧化菌，生物炭具有高孔隙率，添加至土壤覆盖层后，会提高覆盖层的渗透系数。随着生物炭含量的增加，土壤混合物渗透系数呈升高趋势。这有利于O2和CH4扩散和运输，最终扩大覆盖层的甲烷氧化层，增加微生物活性与微生物密度，提高甲烷氧化效率。然而，覆盖层添加生物炭所导致的渗透系数提高同时也会促进雨水的扩散和运输。
因此，高疏水性、颗粒大小适当的生物炭分布在覆盖层中既能促进覆盖层对甲烷的吸附，又有利于氧气的进入覆盖层，还可以减少雨水的进入。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种疏水改性生物炭的制备方法。
本发明的思路：通过在覆盖层中添加高疏水性、颗粒大小适当的改性生物炭，在促进覆盖层对甲烷的吸附的基础上，又有利于氧气的进入覆盖层，还可以减少雨水的进入。
具体步骤为：
步骤1，将生物炭用标准筛分筛，然后选择40~60目的生物炭置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h后放入干燥器中冷却，密封待用。
步骤2，将步骤1中密封待用的生物炭浸渍于改性剂中，室温下超声10min，静置浸泡60min，然后用漏斗过滤30min，所得滤出物置于110℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥2h，即制得疏水改性生物炭。
所述步骤2中的改性剂是十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷与无水乙醇的混合液，其中十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷的体积百分比浓度为3%。
本发明方法的优点：
本发明方法针对填埋场覆盖层渗透系数与系统甲烷吸附和氧化效率的矛盾关系，调整生物炭粒径与含量配比关系。使用的改性剂有效提高了生物质炭的疏水性，操作条件易控制。改性后的生物炭既能促进覆盖层对甲烷的吸附，又有利于氧气进入覆盖层，还可以减少雨水的进入。
附图说明
图1是普通生物炭的电镜扫描图（20000倍）。
图2是本发明实施制得的疏水改性生物炭的电镜扫描图（20000倍）。
图3是本发明实施例中不同含量疏水改性生物炭改性土壤覆盖材料对甲烷的吸附图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例：
本实施例中使用的土壤取自桂林市冲口垃圾填埋场，所用生物炭为水稻质。
步骤1，将生物炭用标准筛分筛，然后选择40~60目的生物炭置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h后放入干燥器中冷却，密封待用。
步骤2，将步骤1中密封待用的生物炭浸渍于改性剂中，室温下超声10min，静置浸泡60min，然后用漏斗过滤30min，所得滤出物置于110℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥2h，即制得疏水改性生物炭。
所述步骤2中的改性剂是十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷与无水乙醇的混合液，其中十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷的体积百分比浓度为3%。
本实施例制得的疏水改性生物炭进行如下应用：
（1）土壤取回后风干，过10目分样筛，在高压灭菌锅内进行120℃的高压灭菌处理30min，高压灭菌后在105℃下干燥2h，干燥结束后放入干燥器内冷却，冷却结束后密封保存。
（2）使用分样筛对本实施例制得的疏水改性生物炭进行不同粒径的筛分，筛分结束后在105℃下干燥2h，干燥结束后放入干燥器内冷却，冷却结束后密封保存。
（3）将步骤（1）处理好的土壤样品和步骤（2）处理好的疏水改性生物炭样品，按照不同质量比例（疏水改性生物炭占比分别为5%、10%、15%和20%）混合，放入密封瓶内用力摇晃至土壤和生物炭混合均匀。取适量样品，放入吸附瓶内，对吸附瓶进行抽真空处理，注入适量模拟垃圾场填埋气（甲烷5%、二氧化碳5%和氮气90%），使用一次性注射器进行取样，使用气相色谱仪对气体样品进行甲烷含量检测，计算吸附量，如图2所示。
所有覆盖材料质量均为20g，疏水改性生物炭（40~60目）含量为0~20 %，吸附时间为3min，每30s取一次样，由图2可知，随着吸附时间的增加，吸附量存在波动但总体呈上升趋势，当3min时，粉土甲烷吸附量最低为0.019mL/g，加入疏水改性生物炭后覆盖材料甲烷吸附量均有提升，当疏水改性生物炭含量为20%时，甲烷吸附量最大为0.217mL/g，相比粉土甲烷吸附量提升了一个量级。
Claims (1)
1.一种疏水改性生物炭的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
步骤1，将生物炭用标准筛分筛，然后选择40~60目的生物炭置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h后放入干燥器中冷却，密封待用；
步骤2，将步骤1中密封待用的生物炭浸渍于改性剂中，室温下超声10min，静置浸泡60min，然后用漏斗过滤30min，所得滤出物置于110℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥2h，即制得疏水改性生物炭；
所述步骤2中的改性剂是十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷与无水乙醇的混合液，其中十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷的体积百分比浓度为3%。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111974353A (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 桂林理工大学 | 利用硅烷偶联剂kh-570制备疏水性生物炭的方法 |
| CN112076729A (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-15 | 西南石油大学 | 一种长链饱和烷烃硅烷负载二氧化硅吸附剂的制备方法 |
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