CN111974353A - 利用硅烷偶联剂kh-570制备疏水性生物炭的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用硅烷偶联剂KH‑570制备疏水性生物炭的方法。用标准筛分筛出40~60目的生物炭，置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h，然后放入干燥器中密封冷却至室温，将冷却后的生物炭浸泡于改性剂混合液中，室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌浸泡反应12h，再用漏斗将改性剂混合液静置滤掉，过滤时间为30min，然后用无水乙醇冲洗滤出物3~5次，最后将冲洗后的滤出物置于50℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥4h，即制得疏水性生物炭。本发明方法使用的化学改性剂有效提高了生物质炭的疏水性，操作条件易控制，改性产物更加稳定。改性后的生物炭既能促进覆盖层对甲烷的吸附，又有利于氧气进入覆盖层，还可以减少雨水的进入。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于疏水性生物炭材料制备领域，特别涉及一种利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570制备疏水性生物炭的方法。
背景技术
甲烷（CH4）是除了二氧化碳（CO2）以外最重要的温室气体，其全球变暖潜力是CO2的25倍，对全球气候变暖的贡献可达15%。垃圾填埋场产生的CH4是继农业生产活动、煤矿开采之后的由人类活动引起的第三大排放源。因而，如何实现填埋场温室气体CH4的减排受到大量关注。
填埋场CH4减排技术主要可以分为资源化利用、末端控制和原位减排三类。对于中小填埋场，采用原位减排技术如准好氧填埋可有效降低70%-90%的CH4气体排放。然而，在CH4浓度低于20%的老填埋场或废弃填埋场中，资源化利用和火炬燃烧是不可行的，安装气体收集系统不具经济可行性。即使在新建填埋场，气体收集系统也不可能减排所有的填埋气。在填埋垃圾降解的活跃阶段，工程技术手段和土壤覆盖层联合收集系统，或者在老填埋场和废弃填埋场单独使用土壤覆盖层可以最大化的减少CH4排放。因此，采用有效的覆盖系统，通过CH4吸附以及生化氧化过程可以相当大的减少CH4排放。
较传统土壤覆盖层，生物炭覆盖层更具技术优势：（1）强化CH4吸附；（2）更大的孔隙率和比表面积，改善覆盖层通气性；（3）便于甲烷氧化菌存在于高孔隙度的生物炭中，有利于甲烷氧化菌的生长和增殖；（4）强化气体传递；（5）是减少填埋气的可持续的和廉价的选择。然而，生物炭改性土壤覆盖层技术防水能力较弱，已有研究表明，添加10%生物炭的土壤渗透系数大于10-7 cm/s。渗透系数增加导致的覆盖层含水率增加会影响CH4吸附，进而影响CH4减排，其原因是水能够覆盖在生物炭的表面和生物炭的孔隙中。因此，高疏水性、颗粒大小适当的生物炭分布在覆盖层中既能促进覆盖层对甲烷的吸附，又有利于氧气的进入覆盖层，还可以减少雨水的进入。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570制备疏水性生物炭的方法。
本发明的思路：通过在覆盖层中添加经过改性的高疏水性、颗粒大小适当的改性生物炭，在促进覆盖层对甲烷吸附的基础上，又有利于氧气进入覆盖层，还能够减少雨水的进入。
具体步骤为：
用标准筛分筛出40~60目的生物炭，置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h，然后放入干燥器中密封冷却至室温，将冷却后的生物炭浸泡于改性剂混合液中，室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌浸泡反应12h，再用漏斗将改性剂混合液静置滤掉，过滤时间为30min，然后用无水乙醇冲洗滤出物3~5次，最后将冲洗后的滤出物置于50℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥4h，即制得疏水性生物炭。
所述改性剂混合液中，硅烷偶联剂KH-570的质量百分比浓度为20%，乙醇的质量百分比浓度为72%，水的质量百分比浓度为8%。
本发明方法的优点：
本发明方法针对填埋场覆盖层渗透系数与系统甲烷吸附和氧化效率的矛盾关系，调整生物炭粒径与含量配比关系。使用的化学改性剂有效提高了生物质炭的疏水性，操作条件易控制，改性产物更加稳定。改性后的生物炭既能促进覆盖层对甲烷的吸附，又有利于氧气进入覆盖层，还可以减少雨水的进入。
附图说明
图1为原始的生物炭的电镜扫描图。
图2为本发明实施例制得的疏水性生物炭的电镜扫描图。
图3为原始的生物炭和本发明实施例制得的疏水性生物炭的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例：
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
将经过标准筛分筛后的40~60目生物炭置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h，然后放入干燥器中密封冷却至室温，将冷却后的生物炭浸泡于改性剂混合液中，室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌浸泡反应12h，使生物炭与改性剂充分混合，反应完成后使用漏斗将改性剂混合液静置过滤30min，再用无水乙醇对改性后的生物炭进行冲洗3遍，以去除残留的硅烷偶联剂KH-570，然后置于50℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥4h，去除生物炭中的酒精和水分，即制得疏水性生物炭。
如图1和图2所示，分别为原始的生物炭和本实施例制备的疏水性生物炭的扫描电镜图（SEM）。
由分析得出原始的生物炭具有竖状多孔结构，表面粗糙且具有较多细小的颗粒；与之相比，从图中可以发现疏水性生物炭不仅具有多孔结构，且表面比较平滑，不利于水滴的附着。
如图3所示，为原始的生物炭和本发明实施例中制得的疏水性生物炭的红外光谱图。
由分析得出原始的生物炭在波数3400cm-1处有较强的-OH伸缩振动峰，表明原始的生物炭表面有大量的-OH。而经硅烷偶联剂KH-570改性后的疏水性生物炭在该处没有出现明显的伸缩振动峰，并且在波数2950 cm-1和1720cm-1处出现了与KH-570相对应的C-H和C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰，这是因为原始的生物炭表面的-OH被KH570中的疏水基团取代，-OH基团数量明显减少；在波数1050cm-1处，改性后的疏水性生物炭伸缩振动吸收峰明显比原始的生物炭更强更宽，证明原始的生物炭与改性剂发生了接枝反应，生成了大量C-O-Si和Si-O-，KH-570中的疏水性基团有效地结合到原始的生物炭表面，形成了疏水性有机包裹层。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570制备疏水性生物炭的方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
用标准筛分筛出40~60目的生物炭，置于150℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥24h，然后放入干燥器中密封冷却至室温，将冷却后的生物炭浸泡于改性剂混合液中，室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌浸泡反应12h，再用漏斗将改性剂混合液静置滤掉，过滤时间为30min，然后用无水乙醇冲洗滤出物3~5次，最后将冲洗后的滤出物置于50℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥4h，即制得疏水性生物炭；
所述改性剂混合液中，硅烷偶联剂KH-570的质量百分比浓度为20%，乙醇的质量百分比浓度为72%，水的质量百分比浓度为8%。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112934174A (zh) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 广州安赛化工有限公司 | 一种有机硅烷改性生物质炭的制备方法以及应用 |
| CN112934174B (zh) * | 2021-01-27 | 2023-08-11 | 广州安赛化工有限公司 | 一种有机硅烷改性生物质炭的制备方法以及应用 |
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