CN107209996A - 用于运行机动车的调节设备的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的调节设备的方法 Download PDF

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CN107209996A
CN107209996A CN201580074587.3A CN201580074587A CN107209996A CN 107209996 A CN107209996 A CN 107209996A CN 201580074587 A CN201580074587 A CN 201580074587A CN 107209996 A CN107209996 A CN 107209996A
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motor vehicle
adjustment equipment
traffic
traveling
equipment
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M·黑尔姆勒
O·平克
C·哈斯贝格
S·艾泽勒
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行自动化行驶的机动车(200)的调节设备(100)的方法,具有以下步骤:‑求出所述机动车(200)的位置;‑检测所述机动车(200)的周围环境数据;‑其中,所述机动车(200)的所述调节设备(100)的调节特性这样构成,使得限定地影响至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。

Description

用于运行机动车的调节设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行自动化行驶的机动车的调节设备的方法。本发明还涉及一种用于能自动化行驶的机动车的调节设备。
背景技术
当今机动车的驾驶员辅助系统的装备程度持续增加并且进一步发展直至自动化行驶。
在现有技术中已经公开了用于机动车的自动化行驶运行的方案。为此,为了检测机动车的周围环境使用了不同的周围环境传感器。已知的系统例如距离调节速度控制器(英文:Adaptive Cruise Control,ACC,自适应巡航控制)、车道保持辅助系统、死角识别系统、自动紧急制动系统等被设置成用于实现具有机动车的纵向调节装置、横向引导装置等的部分自主的行驶运行。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提供一种用于自动化行驶的机动车的改进的调节设备。
根据第一方面,通过用于运行自动化行驶的机动车的调节设备的方法来解决该任务,该方法具有以下步骤:
-求出机动车的位置;
-检测机动车的周围环境数据;
-其中,机动车的调节设备的调节特性这样构成:使得限定地影响至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。
根据第二方面,通过用于能自动化行驶的机动车的调节设备解决该任务,其中,所述调节设备能提供周围环境数据和机动车位置数据,其中,借助所述调节设备能求出用于机动车的轨迹,其中,借助所述调节设备能限定地影响至少另一交通参与者的行驶行为。
由此,以有利的方式在交通事务内支持自动化行驶的机动车的流畅的行驶风格。由此能够有利地正面影响这样运行的机动车的乘员的接受度以及其他交通参与者的接受度。
本方法和该调节设备的有利扩展构型是从属权利要求的主题。
本方法的一个有利扩展构型设置,根据特定文化地影响所述至少另一交通参与者的行驶行为样式。以该方式能够特定地影响其他交通参与者的行驶行为,使得交通事务相应于特定文化的行为样式。
本方法的另一有利扩展构型设置,根据特定国家地影响所述至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。以该方式,所述调节设备能够提供机动车的符合地区性交通习惯的自动化行驶。
本方法的另一有利扩展构型设置,借助交通报道检测交通情况。由此能够非常好地详细求出机动车的周围环境情况。
本方法的另一有利扩展构型设置,全自动化或部分自动化地运行机动车。由此,借助所述调节设备支持机动车的不同自动化级别。
本方法的另一有利扩展构型设置,由所述调节设备发起机动车的以下行动中的至少一个行动:打闪光灯、制动、发出光学和/或声学警告信号。以该方式能够借助所述调节设备采取各种措施和行动,以便有目的地影响其他交通参与者的行驶行为。
在下面通过其他特征和优点并且根据多个附图详细描述本发明。在此,所有所描述或所示出的特征本身或以任意组合的方式构成本发明的主题,并且与其在专利权利要求中的概括或权利要求的引用关系的总结无关以及与其在说明书或附图中的表述或图示无关。附图首先被考虑用于阐明对于本发明重要的原理。
附图说明
在附图中示出:
图1本发明方法的实施方式的原理流程图;和
图2-6多种情况,在这些情况中能使用用于自动化行驶的机动车的调节设备。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于运行自动化行驶的机动车200的调节设备的方法的实施方式的原理流程图。
在步骤10中,将机动车200的(未示出的)周围环境传感装置的数据提供给调节设备100。为此,借助传感器装置(例如GPS传感器、雷达传感器、超声波传感器、激光雷达传感器、摄像机等)能够检测机动车200的位置和机动车200的周围环境数据并且将它们传送给调节设备100。在步骤20中,调节设备100借助车与X通信或车与车通信提供周围环境数据。在此,例如能够从(未示出的)中央服务器装置下载非常高解析度的地图数据。在步骤30中将导航系统的地图数据提供给调节设备100。在可选的步骤40中将涉及交通报道的数据提供给调节设备100。因此,步骤10至40全部示出开始步骤,通过这些开始步骤,在开始阶段中以数据来供给调节设备100。
在步骤50中,借助调节设备100执行情况分析,其中,建立周围环境模型并且求出用于机动车200的可能轨迹。在步骤60中通过轨迹规划装置来评估轨迹。
在步骤61中,轨迹规划装置获得影响数据作为附加信息,所述影响数据应例如以特定国家和/或特定文化的方式限定地影响至少一个其它或多个其它交通参与者的交通行为。影响数据例如能够是涉及右行规定的数据、涉及典型行驶方式的数据,在均衡
-可能妨碍其它交通参与者的程度,
-可能危害其它交通参与者的程度,
-和其它参数的情况下获得,这些参数能够被考虑用于选择要行驶的轨迹。影响数据不必构造为静态应用参数,而是能够包括动态参数,例如天气影响、能见度条件、当前路段导向等。
在步骤70中选择要行驶的轨迹,其中,在选择要行驶的轨迹时也考虑在步骤61中所限定的影响数据。
最后,在步骤80中相应于在步骤61中所限定的影响数据来开始机动车200的措施或行动,例如打闪光灯、制动、产生行车道偏移、按喇叭和类似措施,通过它们能够有目的地影响其他交通参与者。
调节设备100能够构造为机动车200的纵向调节设备和/或横向调节设备并且能够作为软件在技术上在机动车200的一个或多个电子控制装置中被实现。以该方式,能够以所希望的方式将多种功能分配给各个控制装置并且由此提供冗余系统。此外,通过以下方式得到支持:以简单的方式能够实现调节设备100的能适配性和更新。
在下面,根据一些典型的交通情况详细阐述调节设备100的在原理上的功能方式。
在此,自动化(部分或全自动化)行驶的机动车200装备有能实现本方法的调节设备100。
图2示出一种情况,在该情况中自动化行驶的机动车200想要超过在前行驶的机动车220并且为此目的想要从最右侧行车道变换到中间行车道上。借助在车辆200中未示出的相应传感装置识别出,在中间行车道上车辆210从后面靠近,该车辆应能够由于机动车200的超车操作而变换到左侧行车道上。由调节设备100这样调节发出光学闪光信号的时刻,使得车辆210能够及时地离开中间车道并且变换到空闲的左侧车道上。
所使用的影响数据在这里例如是典型的行驶方式,例如防御性行驶或以小间距行驶和/或拥挤行驶(draengeln)。为了提高对其它交通参与者行驶行为的评估的品质,能够在发出闪光信号之后等待一个限定的时间段,以便观察,在中间车道上的车辆是否开始沿左侧行车道方向离开本行车道和/或在中间车道上的车辆是否向左侧打开闪光灯。所述时间段能够根据特定国家/特定文化的行为而定地构造为应用参数(例如约0.1s至约0.9s)。
在图3中原理性地示出,具有调节设备100的机动车200想要从左侧行车道中变换到右侧行车道上进入机动车210,220之间。为此目的,或者能够制动机动车210,以便让机动车100进入空位。替代地也能够设置,机动车200的闪光灯这样打开,使得机动车210紧跟着在前行驶的机动车220,以便以该方式提供用于机动车200的空位。该示例是特定国家或特定文化的示例,因为在一些文化中,机动车210不会让出空位,而是还会更紧密地跟随在前行驶的车辆。因此,在这些文化中有意义的能够是,尽可能晚地操纵闪光灯,以便给机动车210提供占据该空位的可能性。
图4示出一种情况,在该情况中在明显的狭窄位置上(例如弯道、施工地点、隧道等)用于在本行驶方向上和来自相反方向的同时交通的空间是不够的。在该情况下借助调节设备100开始例如呈喇叭信号的声学警告信号,使得能够提前警告位于不明显的狭窄位置后面的、反向驶来的机动车210。
未在附图中示出这样一种情况,在该情况中在郊区道路上自动化行驶的机动车200想要超过一个不在最右侧行驶的车辆(或者在一些具有左行交通的国家中不在最左侧行驶)。通过由调节设备100开始的按喇叭应使要超过的机动车为此运动:正确地保持其行车道或者在其车道内在右行交通的情况下稍微向右偏移或在左行交通的情况下稍微向左偏移。该示例示出了用于典型地特定国家的行驶行为的示例:在意大利,这种通过在打算超车过程前按喇叭的行驶行为完全是常见手段,然而例如在德国,这种行为虽然符合交通规定但却不常见。在其他国家,例如在土耳其通过按喇叭来告知该过程甚至是义务。
图5示出具有至少两个或多个车辆的“并线过程”()或“拉锁方法”(Reissverschlussverfahren)的示例性情景。在此要实现,机动车能够并道或不想让所述机动车并道。在示出的示例中,行车道由两车道变窄为单车道。如果自动化行驶的机动车200在右行交通的情况下在车道中间靠右,但是继续完全行驶在本车道内,那么本机动车向机动车210显示,该机动车能够并道。相反,如果自动化行驶的所述机动车200在车道中间靠左行驶(未示出),那么本机动车向车辆210显示,所述车辆应在后面并道。有利地,在此借助调节设备100实现:机动车200的行驶行为这样构造,使得该行驶行为与在前行驶的机动车是已并道或是未并道有关,使得能够执行所述拉锁方法。
作为所述方法的替代方案也能够考虑,自动化行驶的所述机动车200给在前行驶的车辆留下较大空位,以便向在相邻车道中的其它车辆显示,所述其它车辆能够并道。
图6示出警告交通参与者存在还不可见的危险的情景。在该情况下,自动化行驶的所述机动车200通过远程装置(基础设施、其他交通参与者或交通服务商的移动网络、WLAN等)或通过雷达(具有与人眼视距相比相应提高的视距)得到关于面临对于人眼还不可见的危险(例如呈拥堵的形式、由于事故而引起的行车道封锁等的形式)的信息。在该情况下,自动化行驶的所述机动车200能够通过以下方式警告后面跟随的交通:所述车辆在由调节设备100打开警告闪光灯的情况下在车道外、例如在行车道中部或至少在车道中部外但在该车道内沿行车道中部的行驶方向行驶。替代打开的警告闪光灯,能够在制动时操控具有闪光灯(英文:hazard lights,应急灯)的制动灯。替代的进一步措施是由调节设备100开始左右交替的闪光。
用于用来运行调节设备100的方法的另一情景是自动化泊入或停车位寻找(未示出)。在此,自动化行驶的所述机动车200在停车场满员的情况下识别一个或多个人员,他们走向停泊的车辆,以便预计在那里上车。由调节设备100控制的自动化行驶机动车200因此跟随这些人员、停车并且打闪光灯,以便向其他车辆显示,此后将会空出的该停车位被该自动化行驶的机动车200要求占用。
另一替代方案是一种显示:其他交通参与者在从停车空位/停车位倒车驶出时已被看到。
此外,作为用于运行调节设备100的方法的变型方案可考虑的是,自动化行驶的所述机动车200想要从停车空位倒退地泊出到能行驶的道路上(未示出)。正在靠近的车辆由所述机动车200的检测系统探测到。为了从现在起向正在靠近的车辆的驾驶员显示:这些车辆已被识别到,借助调节设备100摘掉已经放入的倒车档,使得倒车灯熄灭。由此,正在靠近的车辆的驾驶员能够知道,他们已经被识别到。在后面跟随的交通不再行驶并且由此对于自动化行驶的所述机动车200存在足够的时间用于自动化泊出并且不再由于倒车灯使正在靠近的交通参与者搞错时,才重新进行自动化泊出。
替代地,当从停车空位中泊出行车道边缘靠右进入到流动的交通中时再次关闭已经打开的闪光灯,以便为正在靠近的交通显示,还在停泊的机动车200将会等待。
作为通过调节设备100使用于运行调节设备100的方法适配于特定文化或特定国家的行驶方式的未在附图中示出的另一示例性情景,自动化行驶的机动车100能够在夜间靠近带有交通灯的十字路口。在此,自动化行驶的所述机动车200遇到绿灯,其中,所述机动车200通常将会无延迟地行驶经过十字路口。
然而在一些国家中,例如南非、中国等不能够认为:交通灯随时被其他交通参与者注意,因此自动化行驶的机动车200在十字路口的绿灯情况下也以由调节设备100控制的非常防御性的行驶方式来靠近,以便避免与横向穿越的、无优先行驶权的车辆的可能事故。该行为方式在必要时也可能仅对于在某个国家内的确定地点是必需的,例如针对美国大城市内的确定街区,在这些城市中要担忧对在夜间停在红灯处的机动车的乘员的袭击。关于这种危险地点或街区位于哪里的信息能够通过车与X通信或也能够通过导航传送给调节设备100。
总结性地,借助本发明提出一种用于运行自动化行驶的机动车的调节设备的方法,借助该调节设备,自动化行驶的机动车能够流畅并且和谐地加入到交通中。以该方式不应由其他交通参与者识别:机动车是自动化行驶或者不是。由此,不要求其他交通参与者的超常规的行驶操作,通过这些超常规的行驶操作可能诱发危险的行驶操作。由此,这样运行的自动化行驶的机动车的接受度一般来说有利地是高的。因此,能够有利地为自动化行驶的机动车针对在道路交通中的、具有特定国家和/或特定文化特点的不同地区的行为方式提供分别匹配的行驶行为。
专业人员以合适的方式改变和/或相互组合本发明的特征,而不偏离本发明的核心。

Claims (11)

1.用于运行自动化行驶的机动车(200)的调节设备(100)的方法,具有以下步骤:
-求出所述机动车(200)的位置;
-检测所述机动车(200)的周围环境数据;
-其中,所述机动车(200)的所述调节设备(100)的调节特性这样构成:使得限定地影响至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,根据特定文化地影响所述至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,根据特定国家地影响所述至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,借助交通报道检测交通情况。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述机动车(200)全自动化或部分自动化地运行。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,由所述调节设备(100)发起所述机动车(200)的以下行动中的至少一个行动:打闪光灯、制动、发出光学和/或声学警告信号。
7.用于能自动化行驶的机动车(200)的调节设备(100),其中,所述调节设备(100)能提供所述机动车(200)的周围环境的数据和位置的数据,其中,借助所述调节设备(100)能求出用于所述机动车(200)的轨迹,其中,借助所述调节设备(100)能限定地影响至少一个其它交通参与者的行驶行为。
8.根据权利要求7所述的调节设备(100),其中,能考虑其他交通参与者的特定文化的行为样式。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的调节设备(100),其中,能考虑其他其他交通参与者的特定国家的行为样式。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的调节设备(100),其中,所述调节设备(100)构造为所述机动车(200)的纵向调节设备和/或横向调节设备。
11.计算机程序产品,具有在该计算机程序产品在至少一个电子控制装置上运行或存储在计算机可读的数据载体上时用于执行根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法的程序代码。
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