CN1066324C - 弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法 - Google Patents

弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1066324C
CN1066324C CN92114611A CN92114611A CN1066324C CN 1066324 C CN1066324 C CN 1066324C CN 92114611 A CN92114611 A CN 92114611A CN 92114611 A CN92114611 A CN 92114611A CN 1066324 C CN1066324 C CN 1066324C
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Prior art keywords
elastic
ear shape
buttons down
shape chinese
style jacket
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN92114611A
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CN1079127A (zh
Inventor
R·P·布里奇斯
M·H·哈斯
S·W·米勒
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

一种弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法,其在横向于机器的方向上具有较高的拉伸度并在较大范围内适应穿用者各种体型。该单件式一次性吸液裤由一张底片制成,并具有腰部开口、两个腿部开口和一对侧边接缝,该接缝将底片的前侧部分和底片的后侧部分连接起来。本发明最好具有一个固定到底片内层上的吸液组件和四个耳状对襟,每一个耳状对襟都具有弹性。使其在初始拉伸的方向上可弹性延伸。

Description

弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法
本发明涉及具有固定的侧边的一次性衣物,通过将穿用者的双腿伸入腿部开口并将一次性衣物滑移到穿用者下部躯干处,使其在穿用者身上适当就位。这种一次性衣物的实例包括用于儿童(例如初学步儿童)或成人的内衣裤,以及可以和诸如吸血棉塞或卫生巾之类的月经用品联合使用的一次性的女用短衬裤。本发明特别涉及各种一次性吸收制品,例如吸液(training)裤,失禁衣物(女用短衬裤或贴身短内裤)之类,其具有弹性的耳状对襟。
婴幼儿和其它失禁患者要穿一次性吸收制品以便接收和容留尿液或其他人体渗出物。具有固定的侧边的吸收制品例如一次性吸液裤广泛适用于便溺训练的儿童。目前这种吸液裤必须制作几种不同的尺寸以适应处于便溺训练年龄段的不同尺寸的儿童。因此,为了较好地满足消费者的需要,一次性吸液裤的制造商必须具有几套不同的制造设备以生产各种尺寸的吸液裤。因此非常需要一种新的设计,使得制造商能够制作“一种尺寸全都适用”的吸液裤,由于适合于非常广泛的不同大小的儿童,基本上满足了消费者的需要。这就要求该吸液裤贴身地围绕着较小儿童的腰部和腿部而不致从其围绕着下部躯干的位置上下垂、下沉或滑下,而且必须适合于较大儿童而不会引起围绕着腰部、腿部和裆部的皮肤不适。因此,一次性吸液裤必须在围绕穿用者的腰部和腿部处是可弹性延伸的,并且弹性元件必须具有高拉伸度。
现有吸液裤已经通过在吸液裤中配置弹性元件制作成可弹性延伸的,使其腰部开口和腿部开口至少部分地用弹性带环绕起来。这种使用弹性元件的方法已公开在Repke等人的美国专利4205679中;LaFleur的4610680中;Strohbeen等人的4610681中,Heran等人的4641381中;Douglas,Sr.的4909804中以及Meyer的4960414的专利中。虽然根据这些方法制作的吸液裤使吸收制品适应腰部尺寸和腿部尺寸方面的轻微变化,但根据这些特定方法制作的吸液裤在适应尺寸范围方面是受到限制的,因为弹性元件不具备高的拉伸度,还因为固定的侧边不是弹性延伸的。
另外一种制作弹性一次性吸液裤的方法公开在颁发给VanGompel等人的美国专利4490464、4938753、和4938757中。这些专利公开了通过对衣物主体的侧边附加单个的可拉伸元件来制作裤状衣物。尽管根据该方法制作的吸液裤也使吸收制品适应尺寸的轻微变化,但根据该特定方法制作的吸液裤在适应尺寸范围方面是受到限制的,因为固定的侧边是通过将单个的可拉伸元件固定到衣物主体的侧边而形成的,导致产生不起作用的接合区,即主体和单个的可拉伸元件重叠的区域形成既不能伸长又不能吸收的区域。根据这种特定方法制作的吸液裤在适应尺寸范围方面也是受到限制的,因为构成该衣物的侧片的分离的可拉伸元件不具有高的拉伸度。
因而,本发明的目的是提供一种制作具有高拉伸度的弹性的一次性衣物的方法,使得该一次性衣物适合于尺寸范围广泛的穿用者舒适地穿用。
根据本发明提出的制作一次性衣物的方法,该衣物至少具有2个、最好4个弹性的耳状对襟。该方法包括准备好含有可伸长的耳状对襟的一个底片,这些耳状对襟具有固定在其上的弹性体元件,形成一叠层;机械拉伸叠层使得一旦初始拉伸力从层叠结构上移去时,耳状对襟被永久性地拉长,而叠层在初始拉伸的方向上是可弹性延伸的。
尽管本发明的一次性衣物可呈各种不同形式,但其最好包括一个具有一个弹性腰部开口、一对弹性腿部开口、一些弹性耳状对襟的底片,一个包括底层、顶层和吸收芯体的吸收组件以及至少一个无卷边的接缝,该接缝由一些熔化过的聚合材料形成,从衣物上伸出大约1/16英寸或以下,最好从衣物上伸出大约1/32英寸或以下,在一个优选实施例中,接缝形成一个在该一次件衣物的前后部分之间的拼接部分。
尽管本说明书以特别指出和明确提出要求保护视作构成本发明的技术主题的权利要求书作为结束,但相信通过结合附图的如下介绍将能更好地理解本发明,在各附图中同样的标号表示基本相同的元件,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明一个实施例构成的一次性吸液裤的透视图,以典型的使用中的、如同穿在穿用者身上的形状表示;
图2是根据本发明一个实施例构成的吸液裤的底片的平面图,部分切掉以显示底层结构,形成一次性吸液裤的外表面的该表面背向观察者;
图3是沿图2中的线3-3所取的底片的部分剖视图;
图4是沿图2中的线4-4所取的底片的部分剖视图;
图5是图2中底片的平面图,在裆部部份已对折,使得前侧部分和后侧部分相重叠;
图5A是沿图5中的线5A-5A所取的对折底片的部分剖视图;
图6是用于制作本发明接缝的超声波设备的示意侧视图;
图6A是沿图6中的线6A-6A所取的设备的部分剖视图;
图7和图7A是本发明的另外实施例的纵向侧边区域的部分剖视图;
图8是一种设备的简化透视图,该设备采用一种真空式幅料约束系统,利用相互啮合的波纹滚辊装置以机械作用拉伸底片幅料的一部分;
图8A是沿图8中的线8A-8A所取的简化视图,示出导辊使底片幅料包绕最下部波纹滚辊的工作方式;
图8B是在图8中所示的嵌入部分8B处所取的高度放大的视图,示出当底片幅料的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分通过两波纹滚辊之间时该波纹滚辊彼此之间的啮合程度;
图9是本发明的另一种幅料约束系统的一个简化透视图,该系统可在在此公开的增量拉伸过程中使用;
图9A是在图9中所示的嵌入部分9A处所取的高度放大的简化的横断面视图,是沿着连系最上部波纹滚辊和最下部波纹滚辊的中心线取的;
图10是本发明另外一个实施例的底片的剖视图;以及
图11是本发明又另外一个实施例的底片的剖视图。
本发明的弹性耳状对襟描述成用于一次性吸液裤的特定实施例中。应当理解,本发明还将用于其它类型的吸液裤以及其它型式的一次性衣物。
单件式一次性衣物是指一种用后即弃去(即不再进行洗熨或其它复原或不再重新使用)且不需要分离的手工操作的部件,例如分离的底片和分离的耳状对襟。一次性衣物可以装有吸收组件,紧贴着穿用者身体来放置以吸收和容留由人体排出的各种渗出物。在图1中示出作为本发明单件式一次性衣物的一个最佳实施例的一次性吸液裤20。吸液裤20包括一个底片14,侧边接缝10和一个吸收组件22。
图2是图1所示一次性吸液裤20的局部切除的透视图,表示在底片14的前侧部分56和后侧部分58用接缝10连接在一起之前的形状。本发明的底片14最好呈对称的改形的滴漏状。底片14至少具有前侧部分56、后侧部分58、裆部部分57、多个纵向侧边区域88和耳状对襟72,还可包括弹性耳状对襟元件90,其和每一个耳状对襟72相连接以形成一个利用机械拉伸方法使之具有弹性作用为叠层的耳状对襟,这将在下文详细介绍。吸收组件22固定到底片14之上。
如图2所示,底片14的一个最佳实施例还包括外层48和内层46,还有固定在内层46和外层48之间的弹性耳状对襟元件90、弹性腰带元件76和弹性股线105。
外层48作为底片14的一部分构成一次性吸液裤20的外表面,即背向穿用者。外层48是柔顺、绵软的、对穿用者的皮肤不产生刺激不适。适宜的外层可以由范围广泛的材料来制作,例如塑料薄膜或由天然纤维(例如木质纤维或棉质纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或天然纤维与合成纤维的综合体构成的织造的或非织造幅料。最好,外层48是疏水性的,并用含大量热塑性纤维的材料来制作,含量一般在50%或以上,最好为100%。外层最好是一种聚丙烯纤维的梳理的(carded)非织造幅料。一种适用的外层材料是新泽西洲Landisville的Scott Nonwovens所制造的系列6700 Nonwovens。
内层46作为底片14的一部分构成底片14的内层,其至少与穿用者的腰部和腿部相接触。内层材料也应是对穿用者的皮肤是柔顺、绵软的不使这产生刺激不适。适宜的内层46可以由范围广泛的材料来制作,例如塑料薄膜,或由天然纤维(例如木质纤维或棉质纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯纤维或聚丙烯纤维)或天然纤维与合成纤维的综合体构成的织造的或非织造幅料。内层46最好用含大量热塑性纤维的材料来制作,其含量一般在50%或以上,最好为100%。内层最好也是一种聚丙烯纤维的梳理的非织造幅料。而且,最好内层46是用与外层48相同的材料来制作。一种适用的内层材料是新泽西洲Landisville的Scott Nonwovens所制造的系列6700 Nonwovens。
内层46最好放置靠近外层48,通过诸如在本技术领域所熟知的接合装置(未表示)使其连接起来。例如,可以通过一个均匀的连续的粘接剂层、一个带图形的粘接剂层或分别按直线、螺旋线或点状排列的粘接剂将内层46固定到外层48之上。已经证实性能良好的粘接剂是由威斯康星州的Elm Grove的Findley Adhesives制作,标号为Findley 2031。另一方面连接装置可以包括在本领域已公知的热粘接、压力焊接、超声波焊接、动力机械式连接或其它适合的连接装置或者上述这些连接装置的组合。在本文所用的术语“连接”含意包括通过将一个元件直接固定到另外的元件上使该元件直接固定到该另外的元件上的方式,和将一个元件固定到中间元件上、而中间元件又依次固定到另外的元件上、使该元件间接固定到该另外的元件上的方式。在本发明的优选实施例中,内层46和外层48间接连接在一起是通过将它们直接连接到弹性耳状对襟元件90、弹性腰带元件76和弹性股线105之上,而在延伸超出弹性耳状对襟90、弹性腰带元件76和弹性股线105以外的区域中又彼此直接连接来实现的。
在本发明的最佳实施例中,至少底片的内层和外层46、48的其中一部分要受到机械拉伸,以便提供一个构成弹性耳状对襟30的“零应变”拉伸叠层。因此,内层46和外层48最好是可拉长的,最好是可拉伸的,但并非必须是弹性体的,因此,内层46和外层48在经受机械拉伸之后将至少有一定程度的永久性拉长,使得它们将不会完全返回到它们的原始的非变形的形状。在各优选的各实施例中,内层和外层46、48可以承受机械拉伸而无过度的破裂或撕裂。因此,在横向于机器的方向(侧向)上具有低屈服强度的内层和外层46和48乃是优选的。
一次性吸液裤20的底片14最好还包括弹性的腿部套箍32,用以对各种液体或其它身体渗出物增进容留。每一个弹性腿部套箍可以包含几种不同的实施方式,用以减少身体渗出物在腿部区的泄漏。(该腿部套箍可以是、有时也称为腿带、侧向挡带、阻隔套箍或弹性套箍)。1975年2月14日颁发给Buell的题目为“一次性尿布的可收缩的侧边部分”的美国专利3860003介绍了一种一次性尿布,其设置的一个可收缩的腿部开口具有一个侧向挡带和一个或几个弹性元件以形成一个弹性腿部套箍(衬垫套箍)。1990年3月20日颁发给Aziz和Blaney的题目为“具有弹性挡带的一次性吸收制品”的美国专利4909803介绍了一种具有“直立”的弹性挡带(阻隔套箍)的一次性尿布,用以增进腿部区域的容留作用。1987年9月22日颁发给Lawson的题目为“具有双套箍的吸收制品”的美国专利4695278介绍一种具有含衬垫套箍和阻隔套箍的双套箍的一次性尿布。1987年11月3日颁发给Buell的题为“一次性腰部容留的衣物”的美国专利4704115公开了一种一次性尿布或失禁者用衣物,其具有侧边泄漏防护孔道,其成形适于在该衣物内部容留随意排出的尿液。上述每一个专利均通过引证结合到本申请中。尽管每一弹性腿部套箍32都可以与上述任何一种腿带、侧边挡带、阻隔套箍或弹性套箍相似的方式构成,但最好每一个弹性腿部套箍32都至少包括一个侧边挡带104以及一根或多根弹性股线105。
一次性吸液裤20的底片14最好还包括一个弹性腰带34,其至少在后侧部分58中配置在靠近一次性吸液裤的端部边缘64之处,顶好在前侧部分56和后侧部分58中都配置有一个弹性腰带。一次性吸液裤20的腰带是预定靠近穿用者的腰部放置的部分。弹性腰带34提供这样一个元件,其维持一限定的复盖区域、与穿用者的腰部相接触,至少在横向上是可弹性延伸的,以便在动态情况下适当贴着使用者的腰部与使用者的腰部相一致,改善穿用状态。因此,腰带是一次性吸液裤20的那一部分,其从一次性吸液裤20的端部边缘64起至少延伸到吸收芯体28的腰部边缘83之处。尽管弹性腰带34可以包括一个附加到一次性吸液裤20的底片14上的分离元件,但该腰带最好是一次性吸液裤20的其它元件例如内层46、外层48或这些元件的任何组合体的延伸,并将一种弹性体材料连接到其上。或者,吸收组件22的顶层和底层26可以延伸到吸收芯体28的边界之外并具有一种弹性体材料连接到其上以构成一个弹性腰带。一次性吸液裤经常这样构成,其有二个弹性腰带,一个位于前侧部分56,一个位于后侧部分58。一次性吸液裤20至少在底片14的后侧部分58的中央区域68处配置弹性腰带34。最好,如图2所示,在前侧部分56配置另一个弹性腰带。最好两个弹性腰带34配置在弹性的耳状对襟30之间。
弹性腰带34可以以多种不同的形式构成,包括本文对于弹性侧边衬里所介绍那些形式。在图2所示的本发明的一个最佳实施例中,该弹性腰带34包含一个夹入到内层46和外层48之间的弹性腰带元件76,其与内层46和外层48中的一方或两方有效地结合以将一次性吸液裤20的前侧部分56及后侧部分58收拢。本文所用这样一种弹性腰带的实例是在美国专利4515595中所公开的那种弹性腰带,该专利于1985年5月7日颁发给Kievit和Osterhage,题目为“具有可弹性收缩腰带的一次性尿布”,该专利通过引证结合到本申请中。
在本技术领域所熟知的任何适宜的弹性体材料均可用作本发明的弹性腰带元件76。适宜的弹性体材料的例子包括弹性体薄膜、诸如聚氨酯泡沫或交联的天然橡胶泡沫之类的弹性体泡沫、成形的弹性纤维制品;诸如热缩性弹性材料之类的弹性体薄膜;诸如由一片热缩性弹性体薄膜和一个有回弹力的元件所构成的叠层的弹性体薄膜叠层,诸如如下文所介绍的“零应变”拉伸叠层或机械拉伸的预应力拉伸叠层之类的弹性体拉伸叠层;由橡胶、LYCRA或其它材料制成的弹性股线。在一个最佳实施例中,弹性腰带元件76包括一个热缩性弹性体薄膜。
在另外一个实施例中,弹性腰带34和弹性耳状对襟30的构成,可以通过将一个单片弹性体材料在两个耳状对襟72和后侧部分58的中央区域68处固定在一次性吸液裤20上,另外将一个单片弹性体材料在两个耳状对襟72和前侧部分56的中央区域68固定在一次性吸液裤20上来实现。因此,弹性腰带34和弹性耳状对襟30能够由同一片材料构成,以成为一种单件结构。
在一个最佳实施例中,底片14在前侧部分56和后侧部分58都包括弹性耳状对襟30。弹性耳状对襟30是底片的整体部分,即它们都不是固定到底片上的分离的手工操作的元件,而是由底片材料的延伸形成的。弹性耳状对襟30具有可弹性延伸的特征,使之能够更舒适和合身,不仅在一开始该一次性吸液裤就与穿用者体型相符,而且在整个穿用时期都维持住这种状态,其时由于弹性耳状对襟允许一次性吸液裤的侧边扩展和收缩而使该一次性吸液裤装填了渗出液。
如图2所示,每一个耳状对襟72都包括底片14上的那一部分,其由底片14的中央区域68起顺其向外延伸朝向底片14的纵向侧边区域88。耳状对襟72大致从底片14的端部边缘64纵向延伸朝向底片14的形成腿部开口的纵向边缘62的部分(纵向边缘62的这个节段标示为腿部边缘106)。在本发明的一个实施例中,每一个耳状对襟是由延伸到底片14的中央区域68以外的内层46和外层48的部分构成的。
在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,弹性耳状对襟元件90在耳状对襟72处和底片14有效地结合,其最好介于内层46与外层48之间,使得该弹性耳状对襟元件90允许弹性耳状对襟30在横向方向上是可弹性延伸的(可横向弹性延伸)。本文中所用的术语“可弹性延伸的”意指底片的一部分当施加拉力(对耳状对襟和腰带一般为横向拉力)时将至少在一个方向上(对耳状对襟和腰带最好是横向方向)延伸,而当拉力去除时,将复原到其原先的尺寸和形状。一般而言,在本发明中所使用的弹性体材料,在拉伸后立即释放(即一种“快速”弹性),在大约5秒之内将收缩返回到其初始尺寸的至少约75%。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,弹性耳状对襟90通过将弹性耳状对襟元件90连接到内层46、外层48或者两者之上而有效地结合到耳状对襟72上,其时弹性耳状对襟元件90处于基本上未拉伸的状态。至少包含弹性耳状对襟元件90的所形成的复合弹性体叠层的一部分随着承受机械拉伸,此机械拉伸足以使叠层的内层和外层组成部分(非弹性部件)产生永久性拉长。随后使复合的弹性体叠层复原到其基本上未受拉伸的状态。弹性耳状对襟因此形成为一种“零应变”拉伸叠层。(或者,弹性耳状对襟元件可能有效地结合于拉伸状态并随后承受机械拉伸,虽然这并不推荐为“零应变”拉伸叠层)。本文所使用的术语“零应变”拉伸叠层是指包括至少两层材料的叠层,它们沿着至少一部分其同时伸展的表面相互固定住,而同时处于基本上无拉伸(“零应变”)的状态;其中一层所包含的材料是可拉伸和是弹性体的(即其在所施加拉力被释开以后将基本上复原到其未拉伸时的尺寸),而第二层是可拉长的(但不需要是弹性体材料的)使得在拉伸下第二层将至少有一定程度的永久性拉长,当撤去所施加的拉力,其将不完全复原到其原来的未变形的形状。所形成的“零应变”拉伸叠层因而至少在初始拉伸点上沿初始拉伸方向上是可弹性地拉伸的。这种“零应变”拉伸叠层实例公开在1937年3月30日颁发给Galligan等人的美国专利2075189、1962年3月13日颁发给Harwood的美国专利3025199、1978年8月15日颁发给Sisson的美国专利4107364、1980年6月24日颁发给Sisson的美国专利4209563以及1989年5月30日颁发给Sabee的美国专利4834741中。这些专利的每一个都通过引证结合到本申请中。
由内层、外层和位于上述内外层之间的弹性体元件制作“零应变”拉伸叠层的特别优选的方法和设备利用相互啮合的波纹滚辊以机械方式拉伸组成件。适用于机械拉伸尿布部分的设备和方法的论述包含在上面引证的1978年8月15日颁发给Sission的美国专利4107364和1989年5月30日颁发给Sabee的美国专利4834741中。特别优选的设备和方法公开在同时待批的、共同转让的、在1991年2月28日由Gerald M.Weber等人提出的P&G案号为4339、题目为“用于增量拉伸一种零应变拉伸叠层幅料以对其赋予弹性的改进的方法和设备,”、序号为07/662536的美国专利申请中;1991年2月28日由Kenneth B.Buell等人提出的、P&G案号为4340、题目为“用于增量拉伸零应变拉伸叠层幅料、采用非均匀的方式赋予幅料以可变弹性程度”序号为07/662537的美国专利申请中;和1991年2月28日由Gerald M.Weber等人提出的、P&G案号为4341、题目为“用于序贯地拉伸零应变拉伸叠层幅料、以对其赋予弹性而不将其破坏”的改进的方法和设备、序号为07/662543的美国专利申请中;每个申请的说明书及附图均通过引证结合到本申请中。
在图8中示出一种特别优选的增量拉伸系统的细节,该系统能够用来制作本发明的“零应变”拉伸叠层的弹性耳状对襟。包括有“零应变”耳状对襟幅料的完全组合好的底片幅料810被导引通过该增量拉伸系统。
参照图8,包含基本上未拉伸的弹性耳状对襟元件(弹性体的补缀804)的底片幅料810要这样来调准,使得基本上未拉伸的弹性体补缀804在底片幅料810在最上部波纹滚辊825的节段824与连续开有波纹状或槽状的最下部波纹滚辊821之间通过时基本上跟在最上部波纹滚辊825上含有的、开有波纹状或槽状的节段824相对齐。
尽管在最上部和最下部波纹滚辊上的互补的槽的严格形状、间隔和深度将根据诸如在“零应变”拉伸叠层部分所希望具有的弹性大小这样的因素来改变,但在本发明的一个特别优选实施例中已经采用:大约0.150英寸的峰到峰的槽距,在峰点测量的大约12度的夹角;大约0.300英寸的峰到谷的槽深。上述波纹滚辊上的每一个波纹的外尖峰值一般情况下具有大约为0.010英寸的半径,而在相邻波纹之间形成的内槽一般情况下具有大约0.040英寸的半径。当波纹滚辊调整成使它们的峰顶彼此交叠的深度介于大约0.150英寸到大约0.175英寸之间时,在本发明的叠层幅料中产生了良好的弹性特性,这种叠层幅料由35-50密耳厚的弹性体橡胶泡沫补缀基本上连续地粘接到非织造的内层与非织造的外层的与之相对的表面上来构成,所述内外层的基重为每平方码大约20-30克,由聚丙烯纤维构成。
在上述各波纹滚辊上的相对的峰顶的交叠程度当然可以按要求进行调节以在形成的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料中产生或大或小的延伸度。对上述滚辊的几何量以及叠层幅料的结构,峰到峰交叠深度在从小到大约0.050英寸到大到大约0.225英寸的范围内是可行的。
由图8A可以看出,底片幅料810由导辊872、874使之包绕最下部波纹滚辊821到足以复盖住工作的真空孔口822(在图8中示出),这些真空孔口822紧贴着在最下部滚辊821上的每一组连续的槽823来设置。设置成使其基本上与最上部波纹滚辊825上的开有槽的节段824相对准的真空孔口822在内部通过滚辊821连接到一对真空集管826上,当最上部波纹滚辊825上的开有槽的节段824作用在底片幅料上时,真空集管826对底片幅料810进行空吸。
为了降低粘接剂的堆积,这种粘接剂或则是用于将未拉伸的弹性体补缀804固定到内层幅料805和外层幅料806上,或则是用于将内层幅料和外层幅料的重合部分彼此固定住,在最上部滚辊825上的开有槽的节段824和在最下部滚辊821上的连续的槽823或则可以由一种低摩擦材料、例如TEFLON构成,或则可以用一种自润滑的低摩擦材料来涂复,这种材料例如是标号503的Permalon喷涂剂,可由伊利诺州Morris的Micro Surface Corporation购得。
在最下部滚辊821上的真空孔口822最好用诸如0.090英寸孔眼的蜂窝结构件844的多孔材料来复盖,用以支撑受到真空作用的底片幅料810的那些部分,并用以提供一个与幅料良好吸紧的表面以便当幅料受到真空作用时基本上防止幅料横越蜂窝结构件表面的横向错动或运动。
在最佳情况下,能够赋予包含弹性体补缀804的耳状对襟的“零应变”部分的最大增量拉伸程度由最上部波纹滚辊825的节段824的槽与最下部波纹滚辊821上的连续的槽823之间的啮合深度来确定。然而,已经发现,当幅料在相互啮合的波纹滚辊之间通过时,除非基本上防止了该拉伸叠层幅料在基本上平行于幅料拉伸的方向上产生错动或收缩,否则最佳增量拉伸程度是不能实现的。因而在最优选形式中幅料增量拉伸操作是在包括“零应变”拉伸叠层的所有三层中的最外层承受约束的情况进行的,如在图8B的横断面处所示,以便当幅料在各套序贯配置的相互啮合的波纹滚辊之间通过时基本上防止底片的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分在与所希望的拉伸方向相平行的方向上产生错动或收缩。
然而,假如需要,本发明也可以有利地实施,即仅约束复合件的可拉长或可拉伸的一层或多层,并非绝对要求在增量拉伸操作过程中弹性体补缀的最外侧部分也要受约束。在后一个例子中,在增量拉伸过程中该可拉长或可拉伸的一层或多层依然是永久性拉长的,但当拉伸应力去除时,在所形成的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料中Z方向上的膨松化可能没那么显著。这是由于在这样一个过程中该弹性体补缀经受较小的初始拉伸程度。自然,当其复原到其未变形的形状时它仅进行同量的收缩。
上述类型的“零应变”拉伸叠层实施例还可能在可拉长的幅料中呈现某种程度的不均衡的局部变形,特别是在紧贴弹性体补缀的相对边缘的区域内。在采用不透明的聚合物的内层幅料或外层幅料的情况下,这些不均衡变形的部分能变得足够薄以致甚至看起来像透明,只要不发生断裂。在这种情况下,该底片幅料的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分的功能度(例如不透水性)是不会削弱的。后一种类型的实施例一般应用在这样一些场合,该成形的一次性衣物的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分的从审美来看的外表或则通过该一次性衣物的设计或构形使该外表藏而不见,或则即使可见但对该一次性衣物的穿用者无关紧要。
在本发明的又另外一个实施例中,甚至可拉长的非弹性幅料的一处或多处断裂可能也不会使成形的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料对其预期实用效果变得不可接受(例如,在吸收组件的底层或顶层的一部分组成叠层幅料的一个组成件的情况,底层或顶层的断裂并不一定破坏叠层幅料的予定使用功能,只要在叠层幅料中的另一片在成品中还具有所需的功能。例如,在可拉长的底层幅料中出现某种程度的断裂,假如弹性体补缀包含不透水材料,就不会破坏成形底片幅料的不透水性)。这一点对所谈到的各层之间使用基本上连续粘接方式的那些“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料的实施例是特别实际的,因为在增量拉伸之后各层之间的比较紧密的彼此粘接将使一次性衣物的最终使用者很难检查出这种层损坏。
在图8-8B中所示的由真空孔口822经过蜂窝结构件844作用在底片幅料810上的空吸作用力基本上防止了包含基本上未拉伸的弹性体补缀804的底片幅料810的那些部分,在最下部波纹滚辊821上的连续槽823与最上部波纹滚辊825上的带槽的节段824的相互啮合部分之间通过的时候在横向向内方向上产生错动或收缩。
因为包含弹性体补缀804的底片幅料810的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分在整个序贯幅料拉伸操作过程中都在横向上受到约束,位于在各约束点中间的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料的所有部分,当该幅料在最下部波纹滚辊821上的连续槽823与最上部波纹滚辊825上开有槽的节段824的啮合部分之间通过时要承受基本上均匀的增量拉伸。
通过迫使固定到弹性体补缀上的可拉长的内层和外层幅料在拉伸操作过程中经受全部可能程度的拉长,这不仅使织品增量拉伸操作的有效性达到最大,而且也基本上防止了内层和/或外层幅料的不均衡的高度变形,该内外层固定在紧贴弹性体补缀的相对的周边边缘部分的部位上。
图9示出了可以采用的另外一种增量幅料拉伸系统。在图9所示的增量幅料拉伸系统中,一对可弹性压缩的圆盘940安装在贴近最上部的波纹滚辊925的开有槽的节段924的每一侧上。该可压缩圆盘940具有足够大的直径使得它们紧密地压紧底片幅料910并将其可靠地保持贴在最下部波纹滚辊921的相重合的未开槽的部分上,如在图9A的剖视图所示。与图8中所示实施例的真空孔口和蜂窝结构件相似,由可压缩圆盘和最下部滚辊921的与之相重合的未开槽的部分所产生的夹紧作用基本上防止了包含有弹性体补缀904的底片幅料910的该部分在幅料在相互啮合的波纹滚辊之间通过时沿与拉伸方向平行的方向产生收缩。图9的实施例能够同样方便地应用在包含透气的或不透气的幅料的叠层结构上。
本领域熟练技术人员将理解到,上述各约束方法可以单个采用,也可以相互结合采用,以便在成形底片幅料的成形“零应变”拉伸叠层部分时产生本文介绍的效益。
从本文所作介绍中,很明显这种改进的方法和设备可以采用以有利于制作范围广泛的、包括整体的、或包括一个或几个分离的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料部分的各种一次性衣物。
还要认识到,尽管在附图中介绍了一对其波纹基本上彼此平行对准的相互啮合的波纹滚辊,但本发明可以同样方便地通过采用其波纹并不全是取向成彼此平行的成对的波纹滚辊来实施。此外,在这样成对的波纹滚辊上的波纹并不必然要求平行于机器的或横向于机器的方向来对准。例如,假若在利用本文介绍的“零应变”拉伸叠层技术制作的一次性衣物中,希望有一个曲线的腰带或腿带部分,在使用于增量拉伸该底片幅料的“零应变”叠层幅料部分的成对的波纹滚辊上的啮合齿可以按照所希望的曲线形状布置排列以便沿着所希望的曲线轮廓而不是沿着一条直线来产生弹性。
还要认识到,尽管本文介绍的优选方法采用相互啮合的圆柱形波纹滚辊,但该幅料约束原理也可以这样来实施,利用断续的压印操作,使用相互啮合的压印板来增量拉伸所述幅料或制品的“零应变”拉伸叠层部分。在后一种情况下,在相互啮合的压印板能够施加足够的作用力到幅料上,使之在平行于拉伸方向的方向上产生错动或收缩之前,仅有的要求是,该要进行增量拉伸的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料的部分要由适当的真空或夹紧装置进行足够的约束。
弹性耳状对襟元件90利用断续粘接方式或基本上连续粘接方式与内层46、外层48或与两者连接在一起。本文所用的一种“断续”粘接的叠层幅料意指这样一种叠层幅料,其中各层在分离的间隔点上进行彼此初始粘接,或是这样一种制品,其中的各层在分离的间隔区域内基本上未彼此粘接。相反地,一种“基本上连续地”粘接的叠层幅料意指这样一种叠层幅料,其中的各层在整个接面范围内基本上连续地进行彼此初始粘接。断续粘接方式一般希望采用在那样一些情况下的“零应变”叠层幅料,即在叠层中的基本上非弹性的幅料是相对地可拉长或可拉伸的且无断裂,以及在成品叠层中希望具有较高的Z方向膨松化。连续粘接方式一般希望采用在这样场合中的“零应变”叠层幅料,即成品的叠层的Z方向膨松化并不是首要的并且在叠层中的一个或多个相对地非弹性的幅料要不产生断裂是难于拉长或拉伸的。在后一种情况下,基本上连续的粘接方式使该叠层的所有各层在经历增量拉伸操作之后仍维持彼此之间的比较紧密的粘接状态。因此,即使相对地非弹性的幅料的一个或多个在增量拉伸操作过程中受损以至断裂,由于相对地非弹性的一个或多个幅料的受损伤部分对弹性体层的比较紧密的粘着,使得最终穿用者难于发现已经发生了的任何损伤。只要相对地非弹性的一个或多个幅料的断裂并没有使幅料失去预期的功能(例如不透水性),在增量拉伸操作过程中发生的相对地非弹性的一个或多个幅料的损伤一般并不会视作最终成品的一个否定因素。
因此,在特别优选的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料中由于使用一种连续粘接方式而产生的意想不到的好处是,它使一次性衣物的制造商可以从更广泛范围的相对地非弹性的幅料中进行选择,以便在本发明的叠层制品中成功地使用。本质上,它允许在本发明的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料中采用相对地非弹性的幅料,而这种幅料在一般情况下被认为是不可能在本发明的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料中拉伸到任何可察觉的程度的。因此,除非采用其它的方式表达,本文所用的术语“可拉伸的”并不打算排除这样的相对地非弹性幅料,这些幅料在增量拉伸操作过程中经受一定程度的变薄或损伤。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,弹性耳状对襟元件90利用一种粘接剂以基本连续的方式粘接到内层46和外层48两者上。可使用一种粘接剂涂敷器来在外层48和/或内层46的一些预定区域内涂敷一层基本上均匀并连续的粘接剂,这些区域正是基本上未拉伸的弹性耳状对襟元件90将要放置的地方。在一特别优选的实施例中,所选择的粘接剂是可拉伸的,粘接剂涂敷器包括熔喷式涂敷系统。
这样一种特别适用于制作基本上连续地粘接的“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料的熔喷式涂敷系统是一种型号为GM-50-2-1-GH的熔喷涂敷器,可由乔治亚州的J&M Laboratories of Gainesville购得。这后一种系统采用一个沿横向于机器方向测量在每英寸直线上具有20个孔口的喷嘴,每一个孔口其测量直径大约0.020英寸。一种由威斯康星州的Findley Adhesives of Elm Grove购得的Findley H-2247 Hot Melt Adhesive(热熔性粘接剂)最好加热到大约340°F,并按照每平方英寸大约7.5-10毫克的比率涂敷到内层和/或外层上。温度为大约425°F、压力为大约每平方英寸50磅表压的加热压缩空气经过在粘接剂喷嘴中的辅助孔口喷出以协助在沉积操作过程中均匀分布粘接剂微丝。
或者,弹性耳状对襟元件90和任何其它包含该一次性吸液裤20的“零应变”部份的组成件都可以用非加热粘接剂粘接、热粘接、压力焊接、超声波焊接、动力机械式连接或任何其它本领域熟知的方法、以断续或连续方式彼此连接起来。
弹性耳状对襟元件90可以采取一些不同的尺寸、形状、结构与材料。例如,弹性耳状对襟30可以由一个或多个弹性耳状对襟元件90有效地结合在每一个耳状对襟72中;弹性耳状对襟元件可以具有各种不同的宽度和长度;或者弹性耳状对襟元件可以包含由弹性体材料制成的比较细的股线或较大面积的弹性体补缀。一种发现特别适于作弹性耳状对襟元件90(特别是用于“零应变”拉伸叠层)的弹性体材料是这样一种弹性体泡沫,它具有至少达到大约400%才会断的延伸率,和一个在其未变形长度上产生50%的延伸时、每英寸样品宽度至少约200克的延伸力。已经发现适用于作弹性耳状对襟元件的典型的弹性体泡沫包括:(a)最好具有厚度为大约35密尔、密度为每立方英尺13.3磅(0.214克/厘米3)的交联的天然橡胶泡沫,诸如可由罗得岛的Middletown的Fulflex Inc.购得的那种;或从俄亥俄州的Ludlow Composites Corporation of Fremont购得的那种;或(b)厚度大约为80密尔、密度大约为每立方英尺2.06磅(0.033克/厘米3)的聚氨酯泡沫,诸如可由日本的Yokohama的Bridgestone购得的以商品名称Bridgestone SG销售的聚氨酯泡沫;或者可由新泽西州的General Foam of Paramus购得的、标号为Polyurethane Foam No 40310的聚氨酯泡沫。其它适用作弹性耳状对襟元件90的弹性体材料包括:“原状的”合成或天然橡胶,其它合成的或天然的橡胶泡沫,弹性体薄膜(包括热缩性弹性体薄膜),弹性体纤维制品,弹性体织造或非织造品,诸如弹性体非织造叠层制品的弹性体复合物等等。
如图1所示,弹性耳状对襟元件90包含一个弹性体材料的补缀(弹性体补缀),其最好延伸通过在前侧部分和后侧部分56、58中的耳状对襟72的整个长度范围。因此,该弹性耳状对襟元件90最好从底片14的端部边缘64向内延伸到耳状对襟72的腿部边缘106。弹性耳状对襟元件90的长度和宽度由该一次性吸液裤的功能设计要求来确定。因此,尽管弹性耳状对襟元件90最好延伸经过耳状对襟72的整个长度范围,但该弹性对襟耳状对襟元件90也可以仅延伸经过耳状对襟72的长度的一部分。
已经发现,延伸特性包括:延伸力、延伸模数以及可达到拉伸率(延伸率);收缩力;弹性蠕动(creep);弹性滞变;以及弹性耳状对襟30的收缩率,在弹性耳状对襟30和一次性吸液裤两方面的性能中都是重要的考虑因素。延伸特性给穿用者提供在穿着过程中总的可察觉到的“松紧度”。具有比较高的延伸模数的弹性耳状对襟能够在穿用者的皮肤上产生红印,而比较低的延伸模数的则可能在穿用者身上引起下垂/滑移。具有太小的拉伸率的弹性耳状对襟可能达不到适配人体的适当水准,可能使该一次性吸液裤使穿用者感到不舒适而不好穿用。具有弹性耳状对襟的一次性吸液裤,如果收缩力十分低或者弹性蠕动或弹性滞变不佳,可能不会就位在穿用者身上,可能在穿用者身上下垂/滑移,导致不合身和封闭不良。
对于本发明的弹性耳状对襟30,已经发现延伸力和延伸模数的延伸特性最好在限定的范围内。延伸力最好为每英寸直线长度50-300克。在延伸过程中所产生的这些延伸力最好产生在约20%至约300%的延伸率的范围内。
由所达到拉伸计量在弹性耳状对襟中所需要材料的最大量来可逆伸缩来在穿用过程中与穿用者的身体相适应。因此,所需要的拉伸量与为使该吸液裤适合于穿用者所需要的最大延伸量有关;此外,还与适配穿用者身体的吸液裤所达到的可复原的最大延伸量有关。所需要的拉伸率由下述方程计算:[(吸液裤的最大周长-穿用者的周长)÷穿用者的周长]×100。对于使用弹性耳状对襟的一次性吸液裤应用场合所需要的可达到的拉伸率的最小量,最好是至少大约35%的所得的拉伸率,这一数值对从大约22磅到大约38磅儿童所适用的所谓“一种尺寸全都适用”的吸液裤是适宜的。
由弹性耳状对襟作用在穿用者身上的持续的收缩力(张力)的数值是弹性耳状对襟的一个重要特性。收缩力不足的弹性耳状对襟可能导致吸液裤在穿上和吸液后滑落。相反,过度的收缩力可能降低穿用者的舒适感并在穿用者的皮肤上产生压印。收缩力用在一个特定拉伸下松弛一个弹性体复合件时所产生的每单位宽度的作用力来测量。在本发明的优选实施例中,弹性耳状对襟的收缩力最好至少是在10%延伸率下时大约50克/英寸(10%延伸率即将一个样品延伸到其原长的1.1倍)。
典型的弹性体材料在其应力-应变特性曲线上显示有一个力的滞后回线。即是,对一给定的延伸率,为了使弹性体材料在单轴方向上延伸所需要的作用力(延伸力)大于弹性体材料从其预延伸状态收缩时产生的力(收缩力)。前一曲线可称“加载曲线”,后一曲线可称为“卸载曲线”。当弹性耳状对襟被拉伸以便使吸液裤穿在穿用者的身上时,“加载”延伸力(延伸力)会由穿用者或幼儿父母所感知。一旦衣服穿上,穿用者就会感觉到该“卸载”收缩力(收缩力)。因此,滞后损失不应当大到使收缩力低到足以使穿在穿用者身上的吸液裤下垂/滑落。
所有的弹性材料在承受持续的应力/应变时都会有随时间减弱的力出现(即弹性蠕动)。因此,希望确保这种随时间降低的穿着力始终不要低于保证穿着稳定的最低值。该弹性蠕动应当保持在一个最小值。在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,弹性体材料的最终长度在拉伸持续30分的情况下不要超过原有长度的大约1.2倍。
当在横向上拉伸时,弹性耳状对襟30还可能沿着纵轴方向产生差异延伸率。本文所使用的术语“差异延伸率”是用来指具有一定不均匀度的弹性延伸特性的材料,这延伸特性是在沿着与拉伸方向基本上垂直的一个轴线的拉伸方向上、在各个不同的点上测出的。例如,这可以包括改变弹性体材料的弹性模数和/或可达到的拉伸率。在设计弹性耳状对襟30时最好考虑到其差异拉伸率,使得横向延伸率在弹性耳状对襟的至少一部分上会在纵向上产生变化,所述横向延伸率是从一次性吸液裤20的端部边缘64到耳状对襟的腿部边缘106的部位测出的。不希望受到任何理论的约束,可以相信,在沿横向拉伸时沿纵轴方向的差异延伸会使弹性耳状对襟产生差异的拉伸并在穿用过程中适配穿用者的腰部,与此同时围绕穿用者的臀部提供一个可靠的固定以增进持续的合身程度并减少在腰部和腿部的泄漏。这样一种结构形式,当穿用者运动或改变姿势(站、坐、卧)时,可以使得在臀部区域更“松展”以适应穿用者体形尺寸的变化。在另外一个实施例中,在弹性耳状对襟的靠近该一次性吸液裤20的端部边缘64的部分中,一定程度降低了的横向延伸率要求弹性腰带34更多地承担总的延伸量,从而导致更集中地拉伸弹性腰带34并更适宜地顺应腹部。
可以用多种不同的方式实现差异延伸率。可以使弹性耳状对襟30具有多种复合弹性体材料、对各种弹性体材料使用多种结构形式,或者制造弹性耳状对襟的弹性体材料或其它材料的延伸特性可以是不均匀的。例如,通过使用具有不同延伸或收缩力、弹性模数或其它固有特性的弹性体材料,在弹性耳状对襟部分可以实现差异延伸率,使得在弹性耳状对襟的一个部分中得到比其邻近部分多些或少些(变化的)的横向延伸率。弹性体材料也可以具有不同的长度、大小和形状,以便提供差异延伸率。在本领域中公知的其它改变用于制作弹性耳状对襟的材料特性的方法也可以采用。
用于给“零应变”拉伸叠层赋予可变程度的延伸率的特别优选方法和设备,是将“零应变”拉伸叠层通过至少一套相互啮合的波纹滚辊,至少一个波纹滚辊沿着其与“零应变”拉伸叠层幅料相接触的一点或多点处具有不均匀断面的波纹。因此,在该套滚辊之间通过的叠层幅料的那些部分被不均匀地拉伸。这又依次制作出这样一种“零应变”拉伸叠层,其在与不均匀断面的波纹基本上垂直的方向上的弹性是不均匀的。
在图2所示底片的一个最佳实施例中,纵向侧边区域88是底片14的从耳状对襟72横向向外延伸到底片14的纵向边缘62的那部分。纵向侧边区域88大致从底片14的端部边缘64纵向延伸到底片14的形成腿部开口的纵向边缘62的部分(纵向边缘62的这个节段称作腿部边缘106)。尽管纵向侧边区域88可以包括一个固定到底片14的耳状对襟72上的分离元件,但纵向侧边区域最好是底片14的其它元件、诸如内层46、外层48、顶层24或底层26或者这些元件的各种组合的延伸。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,每一个纵向侧边区域88都是由内层46和外层48的延伸超出耳状对襟72以外的部分构成的。
再次参阅图1,接缝10最好是通过将前侧部分56的纵向侧边区域88和后侧部分58的纵向侧边区域88连接在一起而构成的。可以用多种不同的方法形成接缝10。例如,接缝10的形成可以通过将向外延伸的纵向侧边区域88的部分粘接在一起以形成一个向外延伸的夹层接缝;通过将向内延伸的纵向侧边区域88的部分粘接在一起以形成一个向内延伸的夹层接缝;纵向侧边区域88可以重叠并粘接在一起,或者纵向侧边区域88可以利用在本领域所熟知的其它接缝结构形式使之粘接在一起。粘接可以通过本领域所熟知的适于在底片14的纵向侧边区域88所使用特定材料的任何适用的方式来实现;因此,超声封接、热封接、粘接剂粘接、缝纫等都是合用的技术。这些接缝技术的实例公开在1982年10月26日颁发给Jones等人的美国专利4355425、1986年10月28日颁发给Roberts的美国专利4619649以及1990年3月20日颁发给Douglas,Sr.的美国专利4909804中。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,一次性吸液裤是在裆部部分57处将底片对折形成的,使得前侧部分56的纵向侧边区域88与后侧部分58的纵向侧边区域88基本上相重合,如图5所示,形成两个接缝区域40。图5A示出接缝区域40的一个最佳实施例,该区域包括前侧部分56的纵向侧边区域88和后侧部分58的纵向侧边区域88。最好是,构成接缝区域的各材料层具有相似的熔点。顶好是接缝区域的每一层是由同样材料制作的。在一个优选实施例中,接缝区域的每一层包含100%的聚丙烯纤维。
接缝10最好是通过用足以切去接缝区域40的一部分又同时将靠近切口的狭窄边缘区域熔化的机械能来处理接缝区域40的方式来形成。该熔化的边缘区域是一个比较狭小的区域并提供一个成型的无卷边的接缝。本文所用的术语“无卷边接缝”是指从一次性吸液裤20伸出大约1/16英寸或其以下的一种接缝。最好是该无卷边接缝从该吸液裤伸出大约1/32英寸或其以下。在一个最佳实施例中,无卷边接缝基本上是介于底片14的前侧部分56和后侧部分58之间的一个拼接部分。本文所用术语“拼接”是指将两片材料端对端进行连接以形成一段连续长度的动作或结果,使得连接处的厚度不大于两片状材料的厚度或大得不多。
虽然有可观的证据指出所有的能量是机械能,但还有许多可以认为是‘非机械’能的能量形式,诸如热能、电能和化学能。然而,本文所用的术语“机械能”是用来指机械能(例如用于超声波焊接或自身压力焊接的能量)以及热能(例如使用热封接的能量)。最好是使用超声波能量来同时切割和熔接接缝区域40以立生本发明的接缝10。
最好是利用超声波设备将机械能输入到接缝区域40。一台超声波设备一般包括一个超声波转换单元,其经过一个电导体从电能源接收高频电能。转换单元包含压电传感材料,用以响应高频输入功率使幅射体产生机械振动,该幅射体相对于一个用作反射砧的支承表面振动。
图6是一个优选的超声波设备的侧向示意图,总体用600标示。超声波幅射体650具有一个工作端头652并连接到一个超声波转换单元645上,该单元从电能源(未示出)接收高频电能。幅射体650的工作端头652与安装在辅助旋转滚子656上的反射砧654对置。所示一次性吸液裤的对折的底片614正在工作端头652与反射砧654之间通过。超声波幅射体650的工作超声波频率范围最好在大约20KHz到大约40KHz,不过在16到100KHz之间的正常工作频率范围内的其它频率也是适宜的。
图6A示出图6中的接缝设备600的横剖视图。所示对折的底片614的接缝区域40正在反射砧654与工作端头652之间通过,此时幅射体650往复振动,即朝向和远离反射砧654来振动。超声波设备600的超声波能量使接缝区域40的聚合材料的各层变软并具流动性,在第一区域658使接缝区域40变薄或受切割。同时在靠近第一区域658的变薄边缘区域熔化接缝区域40,形成熔质660。虽然接缝区域40的部分664从一次性吸液裤20上已经被切离并将作为边角料处理,但接缝区域40的662部分的熔质660仍然作为一次性吸液裤20的部分来提供给该一次性吸液裤20一种成形接缝10,其实际上是介于前侧部分56和后侧部分58之间的一个拼接部分。
图6A所示的优选的接缝设备660的反射砧654具有一个接触刃口670。接触刃口的宽度用字母W′来标注,最好为约0.030英寸。反射砧654还有与接触刃口670构成一个角度的斜面刃口680。斜面刃口的角度用字母A来标注,最好大约为15°。反射钻654的宽度用字母W来标注,最好为大约0.100英寸。反射砧的高度用字母H表示,最好大约为0.100英寸。
不受任何特定理论的约束,可以相信,超声波幅射体650由于它的高速低振幅振荡而产生定域的摩擦损耗,其热量使得接缝区域40的聚合纤维软化并熔化。这种熔焊或熔化作用是非常快速的并只产生在这样一个精确限定的范围内,使周围的材料基本上不受影响。
利用超声波能量处理材料的方法和设备的实例公开在:1972年4月18日颁发给Sager的美国专利3657033,其题目为“用于连续切割和连接热塑性片状材料的方法和设备”;1983年8月23日颁发给Riemersma的美国专利4400227;1984年2月7目颁发给Schaefer的美国专利4430148;1985年12月24日颁发给Flood的美国专利4560427;其题目为“超声波封接和切割的方法和设备”;以及1987年9月15日颁发给Payet等人的美国专利4693771,其题目为“利用超声波切割和封接边缘的织造织物以及制作该织物的设备和方法”;所有这些专利均通过引证结合到本申请中。1969年7月22日颁发给Tuma等人的美国专利3457132,其题目为“在一次操作中用于分离和封接可热封接的封装材料的幅料的设备”,介绍了利用热能来分离和封接可热封接的材料的方法和设备。此专利也通过引证结合到本申请中。
本申请的发明人们已经发现:在制作本发明的小的无卷边接缝时,最好是接缝区域40的各聚合材料层具有相近的熔点。顶好的是接缝区域40由相同的聚合材料层构成。在一个优选实施例中,接缝区域的每一层都是包含100%聚丙烯纤维的非织造物。
本发明的无卷边接缝的强度可以通过使用具有较高基重的聚合材料来提高。假如纵向侧边区域88的材料很薄,接缝区域40可能所含材料不足以形成一个适当的接缝,即接缝可能对吸液裤来说强度不够。在这种情况下,可将附加材料层加入到该纵向侧边区域88中使得接缝区域40包含足够的材料以形成适当的接缝。在图7和图7A的部分片断剖视图中,示出本发明的实施例,在纵向侧边区域88中提供附加的材料层,因而也就是给接缝区域40中提供附加材料。图7示出内层46被对折包过在纵向侧边区域88内的外层48以便在纵向侧边区域88形成三层材料。图7A表示外层48被对折包过在纵向侧边区域88内的内层46以便在纵向侧边区域88形成三层材料。
图11示出本发明的另一个实施例,其中的底片14包括对折以包住弹性耳状对襟元件90并形成纵向侧边区域88的外层48。吸收组件22固定到外层48上并包括顶层24、底层26和吸收芯体28。
吸液裤20还包含一个吸收组件22。一次性吸液裤20的吸收组件22是一个嵌入物,即是与底片分开形成并嵌入到其中的一个元件。吸收组件22是任何形式的吸收装置,一般是可压缩的、对人体是适配的、对穿用者的皮肤是非刺激性的,并且能够吸收和容留诸如尿和其它一些人体渗出物之类的液体。
如图2所示,一次性吸收液裤20的吸收组件22最好包括一个吸收芯体28和一个包括顶层24和底层26的外复盖层。吸收组件22最好邻近内层46放置并最好利用本领域所熟知的连接装置(未示出)将其连接到内层上。适合的连接装置将在下文结合底层26连接到吸收芯体28的描述来介绍。
吸收芯体28可以是任何形式的吸收装置,一般应是可压缩的、对人体是适配的、对穿用者的皮肤是非刺激性的,并能吸收和容留诸如尿和其它一些人体渗出物之类的液体。如图2和图4所示,吸收芯体28具有朝吸液裤的侧表面100、朝身体的表面101、侧边缘82和端部边缘83。
吸收芯体28可以按照很多种尺寸和形状(例如矩形、滴漏形、T形、非对称形等等)以及很多种液体吸收材料来制造,这些吸液材料常用在一次性尿布和其它吸收制品中,例如一般称之为空气毡(airfelt)的碎木浆。其它适宜的吸收材料的实例包括:绉化纤维素填絮,包括共生的(coform)、交联的纤维素纤维的熔喷聚合物,包含薄纱包卷的薄纱,吸收泡沫、吸收海棉、超吸收聚合物,吸收胶凝材料或任何等效材料或各材料的组合。吸收芯体的构形和结构也可以是多种多样的(例如,吸收芯体可以具有变化厚度的区、亲水性梯度、超吸收性梯度或低平均密度和低平均基重区别区;或可包括一或多层或多种结构)。吸收芯体28的总吸收容量应当和设计载荷以及该一次性吸液裤20的预定使用相适应。还有,吸收芯体28的大小和吸收容量也可以改变来适应从幼儿到成年人的穿用者。
吸收组件22的一个优选实施例具有一个对称的,变型的滴漏形的吸收芯体28。尽管吸收组件22的一个优选实施例具有一个变型的滴漏形吸收芯体28,但应当理解到吸收芯体28的大小、形状、结构形式和总的吸收容量可以改变来适应从幼儿到成年人的穿用者。因此,吸收芯体的尺寸、形状和结构方式可以改变(例如,吸收芯体可以有变化的厚度、亲水性梯度、可以包含或不包含吸收胶凝材料)。用作本发明的吸收芯体28的、已经获得广泛认同及商业成功的示例性吸收结构公开在1986年9月9日颁发给Weisman和Goldman的、题目为“高密度吸收结构”的美国专利4610678中;1987年6月16日颁发给Weisman,Houghton和Gellert的、题目为“具有双层芯体的吸收制品”的美国专利4673402中;1989年5月30日颁发给Alemany和Berg的、题目为“具有低密度和低基重显区别区的高密度吸收元件”的美国专利4834735中;1989年12月9日颁发约Angstadt的、题目为“具有涂粉层的吸收芯体”的美国专利4888231中;对吸收结构所作介绍对本发明是很有用的。每一篇参考文件均通过引证结合到本申请中。吸收芯体28最好是空气毡的毡层和吸收胶凝材料颗粒的制品,大约13厘米宽(横向尺寸),大约37厘米长(纵向尺寸),横跨裆部部分57的最窄部分大约8厘米。最好的是,总的处在前侧部分56和裆部部分57的吸收芯体的部分将具有比总的处在后侧部分58的吸收芯体的部分更高的基重。更好的是总的处在前侧部分56和裆部部分57的吸收芯体的部分所具有的基重三倍于总的处在后侧部分58的吸收芯体的部分所具有的基重。在吸收芯体28的一个优选实施例中,总的处在前侧部分56和裆部部分57的吸收芯体大约25.4厘米长并且其基重为大约每平英寸0.69克;而总的处在后侧部分58的吸收芯体11.4厘米长并且其基重为大约每平英寸0.23克。
底层26贴近吸收芯体28的朝吸液裤表面100来设置,并且最好利用本领域所熟知的连接装置(未示出)连接到芯体上。例如,底层26可以利用均匀的连续粘接剂层、呈图案形状的粘接剂层、或按分立的直线、螺旋线或点状排列的粘接剂固定到吸收芯体28上。已经发现满意的粘接剂是由俄亥俄州的Century-Adhesives,Inc.ofColumbus制造的、标号为Century 5227的,以及明尼苏达州的H.B.Fuller Company of St.Paul制造的、标号为HL-1258的粘接剂。连接装置最好包括一个粘接剂细丝的开放式带图案的网状物,公开在1986年3月4日颁发给Minetola和Tucker的、题目为“一次性废物容留衣物”的美国专利4573986中,此专利通过引证结合到本申请中。一种细丝的开放式带图案的网状物的示例连接装置包括几行卷成螺旋图案的粘接剂细丝,例如通过如下专利中所述设备和方法予以介绍,这些专利是1975年10月7日颁发给Sprague,Sr.的美国专利3911173;1987年11月2日颁发给Ziecker等人的美国专利4785996;1989年6月27日颁发给Werenicz的美国专利4842666。每一个专利均通过引证结合到本申请中。或者,连接装置可以是热粘接、压力焊接、超声波焊接、动力机械式连接或任何本领域熟知的其它适合的连接装置或者这些连接装置的组合。
底层26是不透液(例如尿)的,最好由一片薄的塑料膜来制作,虽然其它柔性的不透液的材料也可使用。本文所用的术语“柔性的”是指一种材料是柔顺的,并且易于和人体的外形和轮廓相符合。底层26防止吸收和容留在吸收芯体28中的渗出液弄湿与一次性吸液裤20相接触的例如床单和内衣之类的物品。底层26因而可以包括织造的或非织造的材料、诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯热塑性薄膜之类的聚合物薄膜、或者诸如薄膜复盖的非织造材料之类的复合材料。最好是该底层是一种厚度从约0.012mm(0.5密尔)到约0.051mm(2.0密尔)的薄膜。
底层26的尺寸根据吸收芯体28的尺寸和所选择的精确的一次性吸液裤设计的尺寸来确定。在一最佳实施例中,底层26至少围绕着吸收芯体包卷,并且至少在裆部部分57能够包卷越过顶层24的边缘部分,使得弹性腿部套箍32不包含底层材料,因此不受底层材料的限制。或者,顶层24也可围绕着芯体包卷并至少在裆部部分57包卷到底层26的边缘部分下面,或者顶层24和底层26可以在裆部部分57“侧向开槽”,使得弹性腿部套箍32不受底层材料的限制。
顶层24贴近吸收芯体28的朝身体表面101来设置,并且最好利用本领域熟知的连接装置(未示出)连接到芯体28和底层26上。适合的连接装置结合底层26连接到吸收芯体28的描述来介绍。在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,顶层24和底层26在延伸超出吸收芯体28的区域内彼此直接相连,并通过连接装置(未示出)直接连接到吸收芯体28上而使它们间接地连在一起。
顶层24是柔顺的、感觉柔软的并对穿用者的皮肤是非刺激性的。此外,顶层24是透液的,让液体(例如尿)易于穿透其厚度。适宜的顶层可以由很多种材料来制作,诸如多孔泡沫、格网状泡沫、开有多孔的塑料薄膜、天然纤维(例如木或棉纤维)或合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或天然与合成纤维的组合的织造或非织造幅料。最好是顶层24由包含大约20%-30%的人造丝的亲水性材料制作,以使正在进行便溺训练的儿童感到潮湿并显示排尿。
现有多种制作技术可用于制作顶层24。例如,顶层24可以是纤维的非织造幅料。当顶层是一种非织造幅料时,该幅料可以是纺粘法制的、梳理的、湿法成网的、熔喷的、水流绞编的、以及上述技术的组合等等来制成的。优选的顶层是通过纺织技术领域熟练人员所熟知的方法进行梳理和热粘接的。适宜的顶层是由Fiberweb NorthAmerica制造的并作为80聚丙烯/20人造丝梳理的热粘接非织造品销售。
尽管在本发明的一个最佳实施例中顶层24并不构成底片14的一个部分,而是分开制作并作为吸收组件22的一部分嵌入底片,但底片14可以制作成不带内层46,吸收组件22的顶层24至少在底片14的前侧和后侧部分56、58中可以延伸超越底层26的边缘,使得顶层24配置在弹性耳状对襟元件90上面并构成底片14的内表面(如图10所示)。在该实施例中,至少顶层24的一部分要承受到机械拉伸,以提供一个构成弹性耳状对襟30的“零应变”拉伸叠层。因此,本实施例的顶层24应当是可伸长的,最好是可拉伸的,但是不是必须是弹性体的,因此顶层24在机械拉伸的作用下将至少有一定程度的永久性伸长,它将不会完全回复到其原来的构形。然而,该实施例并不是优选的,因为尿可能“在毛细作用下渗出”超越底片14的中央区域68而不被容留在吸收组件22之内。
尽管本发明的各特定实施例已作介绍说明,但对本领域熟练人员来说,很明显在不脱离本发明的要旨和范围的情况下可能作出各种其它变化和修改。在本发明范围内的所有这样的变化和修改都被所附的权利要求书所复盖。

Claims (17)

1.一种弹性的一次性吸液裤,包括一底片该底片具有:
一前侧部分,它具有一端部边缘,纵向侧边区域,腿部边缘,一中央区域,耳状对襟和一弹性腰带,每个所述耳状对襟从所述中央区域横向向外延伸并沿所述中央区域从所述端部边缘纵向延伸到所述腿部边缘;
一后侧部分,它与所述前侧部分相对,所述后侧部分具有一端部边缘,纵向侧边区域,腿部边缘,一中央区域,耳状对襟和一弹性腰带,每个所述耳状对襟从所述中央区域横向向外延伸并沿所述中央区域从所述端部边缘纵向延伸到所述腿部边缘,所述底片另外还包括固定在一个外层上的一个内层;
一裆部部分,介于所述前侧部分与所述后侧部分之间;以及接缝部分,它使所述前侧部分连接到所述后侧部分上,以便形成实际上由所述端部边缘所环绕的一个腰部开口和两个腿部开口;其特征在于:
弹性的耳状对襟包括定位在每个所述耳状对襟中的一个弹性耳状对襟元件,每个所述弹性耳状对襟元件从所述端部边缘纵向延伸到所述腿部边缘,并且有效地与所述耳状对襟相连,以形成一个弹性材料叠层,所述弹性材料叠层受到机械拉伸以形成所述弹性的耳状对襟,所述底片还包括一个固定在所述内层上的吸液组件。
2.如权利要求1所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述弹性耳状对襟元件夹入到所述底片的所述外层和所述内层之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述吸液组件包含一顶层,一固定到所述顶层上的底层以及一吸收芯体,其夹入到所述顶层和所述底层之间,所述底层固定到所述内层上。
4.如权利要求2所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述内层包含一个构成为顶层的可透过液体的非织造物。
5.如权利要求4所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述底片又包括一个夹入在所述顶层和所述外层之间的吸收芯体。
6.如权利要求3所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述底片又包括一个配置在所述后侧部分的弹性腰带。
7.如权利要求3所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述底片又包括配置在所述裆部区域的弹性的腿部套箍。
8.如权利要求3所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述内层和所述外层每一个都包含一100%的聚合物非织造制品。
9.如权利要求3所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述弹性耳状对襟元件含有一种交联的天然橡胶泡沫材料。
10.如权利要求1,2,3,5或9所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述接缝部分每一个包含熔化过的聚合材料,其从该一次性吸液裤延伸出1/16英寸或以下。
11.如权利要求10所述的弹性的一次性吸液裤,其特征在于所述接缝部分每一个都包含熔化过的聚合材料,其构成为在所述前侧部分和所述后侧部分之间的一个拼接部分。
12.一种制作弹性的一次性吸液裤的方法,其特征在于该方法包含的步骤是:
(a)准备好一底片,该底片包括:
一前侧部分,其具有纵向侧边区域,耳状对襟和一弹性腰带,所述耳状对襟是可延伸的;
一后侧部分,其与所述前侧部分相对,具有纵向侧边区域,耳状对襟和一弹性腰带,所述耳状对襟是可延伸的;
一裆部部分,其介于所述前侧部分和所述后侧部分之间;以及
一弹性耳状对襟元件,它有效地与每一个所述耳状对襟相连,以形成一个弹性材料叠层;
(b)机械拉伸每一个所述弹性材料叠层,使得一旦初始拉伸力从所述弹性材料叠层上去除时,每一个所述耳状对襟被永久性伸长而每一所述弹性材料叠层沿初始拉伸方向是可弹性拉伸的,便形成弹性的耳状对襟;以及
(c)将所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域固定到所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域上,以便形成由所述前侧弹性腰带和所述后侧弹性腰带实际环绕的一个腰部开口;一个第一弹性腿部开口、一个第二弹性腿部开口,一个从所述第一弹性腿部开口延伸到所述腰部开口的第一接缝部分以及一个从所述第二弹性腿部开口延伸到所述腰部开口的第二接缝部分,
(d)将一个吸液组件固定在所述底片的所述裆部部分处。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于
所述的前侧部分在所述纵向侧边区域中包含一种聚合材料,并且所述后侧部分在所述纵向侧边区域中包含一种聚合材料,所述后侧部分的所述聚合材料所具有的熔点与所述前侧部分的所述聚合材料所具有的熔点相近;以及
其中所述的将所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域固定到所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域的步骤又包括的步骤是:
将所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域与所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域相叠合,以便形成第一接缝区域和第二接缝区域;
通过向所述第一接缝区域输入机械能,同时封接和切割所述第一接缝区域的一个部分,输入机械能应足以使得所述第一接缝区域的聚合材料具有流动性并变薄,与在第一接缝区域的聚合材料分离开,与此同时,又与在靠近所述第一区域的边界范围的聚合材料相粘接,以便形成包含若干熔化过的聚合材料的第一接缝部分,其从该一次性吸液裤伸出大约1/16英寸或以下;以及
通过向所述第二接缝区域输入机械能,同时封接和切割所述第二接缝区域的一个部分,输入机械能应足以使得所述第二接缝区域的聚合材料具有流动性并变薄,与在第二接缝区域的聚合材料分离开,与此同时,又与在靠近所述第二区域的边界范围的聚合材料相粘接,以便形成包含熔化过的聚合材料的第二接缝部分,其从该一次性吸液裤伸出大约1/16英寸或以下。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于所述的底片包含一个内层和一个固定到所述内层上的外层,所述外层和所述内层具有相近的熔点,使得所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域与所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域每一个都包含两个具有相近熔点的材料的层。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于所述外层和所述内层都包含相同材料,使得所述前侧部分的纵向侧边区域和所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域每一个都包含两个具有相同的材料的层。
16.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述外层和所述内层每一个都包含100%聚合材料非织造制品,使得所述前侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域和所述后侧部分的所述纵向侧边区域每一个都包含两层具有100%聚合材料的非织造制品。
17.如权利要求12、14或16所述的方法,其特征在于所述第一接缝部分和所述第二接缝部分每一个都包含若干熔化过的聚合材料,其构成在所述前侧部分和所述后侧部分之间的拼接部分。
CN92114611A 1991-11-21 1992-11-21 弹性的一次性吸液裤及其制作方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1066324C (zh)

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US5496429A (en) 1996-03-05
CZ125294A3 (en) 1994-11-16
PL170004B1 (pl) 1996-10-31
ES2104959T3 (es) 1997-10-16
CN1079127A (zh) 1993-12-08
KR100245353B1 (ko) 2000-02-15
HU9401355D0 (en) 1994-08-29
MX9206707A (es) 1994-06-30
RU2090172C1 (ru) 1997-09-20
MY109878A (en) 1997-09-30
DE69221317T2 (de) 1997-11-20
DE69221317D1 (de) 1997-09-04
US5246433A (en) 1993-09-21
FI942365A (fi) 1994-05-20
FI942365A0 (fi) 1994-05-20
PT101084A (pt) 1994-05-31
HK1001716A1 (en) 1998-07-03
PH30888A (en) 1997-12-23
DK0613363T3 (da) 1997-09-01
JPH07501245A (ja) 1995-02-09
HU221285B1 (en) 2002-09-28
EP0613363B1 (en) 1997-07-30
NO941879L (no) 1994-07-21
SK58594A3 (en) 1995-01-12
US5464401A (en) 1995-11-07
BR9206808A (pt) 1995-10-31
HUT69092A (en) 1995-08-28
ATE156000T1 (de) 1997-08-15
AU3125093A (en) 1993-06-15
TW234687B (zh) 1994-11-21
TR26340A (tr) 1995-03-15
EP0613363A1 (en) 1994-09-07
GR3024322T3 (en) 1997-10-31
JP3386124B2 (ja) 2003-03-17
NZ245198A (en) 1995-11-27
NO941879D0 (no) 1994-05-19
RU94027296A (ru) 1996-08-10
CA2122239C (en) 1999-03-16
AU672376B2 (en) 1996-10-03
WO1993009746A1 (en) 1993-05-27
PT101084B (pt) 1999-07-30
SK280322B6 (sk) 1999-11-08

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