CN106054535B - 用于将涂层施加到基板的方法与设备 - Google Patents

用于将涂层施加到基板的方法与设备 Download PDF

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CN106054535B
CN106054535B CN201610217781.9A CN201610217781A CN106054535B CN 106054535 B CN106054535 B CN 106054535B CN 201610217781 A CN201610217781 A CN 201610217781A CN 106054535 B CN106054535 B CN 106054535B
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奥马尔·法赫尔
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Suess Microtec Lithography GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于将涂层施加到基板(3)的设备,其包括:计量设备(5),通过计量设备可以将涂覆流体(2)以射流施加到基板(3);以及溶剂分配器(10),其以使预定量的溶剂(14)配送到计量设备(5)的前端的此种方式偏心地布置并且朝向计量设备(5)的前端的侧面。本发明还涉及用于通过根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的设备将涂层施加到基板(3)的方法,其中,在施加涂覆流体(2)以前,以溶剂(14)与位于计量设备(5)的前端的涂覆流体(2)接触的此种方式使预定量的溶剂(14)与计量设备(5)的前端接触,并且,在等待时间以后,涂覆流体(2)随后通过计量设备(5)施加到基板(3)。

Description

用于将涂层施加到基板的方法与设备
技术领域
本发明涉及通过其可以将涂覆流体以射流施加到基板的设备以及用于将涂层施加到基板的方法。
背景技术
基板可以特别地是晶圆,例如芯片或MEMS(微机电系统)随后由该晶圆制造。为此目的,例如可以使用光刻处理。在此情形中,涂层是即将均匀施加到基板的光刻胶(抗蚀剂)。用于施加光刻胶的处理的一个实例是旋转涂覆,其中当施加光刻胶时旋转基板。在离心力的作用下,光刻胶均匀地分布在基板的表面上。
然而,根据本发明的设备与根据本发明的方法不限于以光刻胶涂覆晶片,而是原则上涉及其中涂覆流体以射流施加到基板以在其上形成尽可能均匀的层厚度与尽可能平坦的表面的任何涂覆。
已经发现涂覆处理的开始是有问题的,在于当涂覆流体射流撞击在基板上时可能产生空气气泡(或者在气体环境中涂层的其它气体气泡),此气泡随后定位在涂层内。根据涂覆流体的粘度以及其它处理步骤(例如空闲时间),不是总能确保这些空气气泡上升到施加的涂层的表面并且被消除。如果空气气泡保留在涂层中,那么它们会在涂层中形成不均匀性。此外,由于它们占据一定体积,因此它们有可能导致涂层的表面的局部升高的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于将涂层施加到基板的设备与方法,其防止了当涂覆流体射流撞击在基板上时产生空气气泡或气体气泡。
为了实现此目的,本发明提供了一种设备,其包括计量设备,通过计量设备可以将涂覆流体以射流施加到基板;以及溶剂分配器,其以使预定量的溶剂配送到计量设备的前端的此种方式偏心地布置并且朝向计量设备的前端的侧面。在根据本发明的方法中,在施加涂覆流体以前,使预定量的溶剂达到计量设备的前端使得溶剂与位于计量设备的前端的涂覆流体接触。在等待期间以后,涂覆流体随后通过计量设备施加到基板。
本发明以通过溶剂略微地稀释撞击在基板上的涂覆流体的射流的前部的基本理念为基础。在一个方面,这降低了当撞击在基板上时涂覆流体形成气泡的倾向。在此文本中溶剂显示用作润滑剂。在另一个方面,溶剂导致涂覆流体的略微稀释使得产生的任何气泡都可以更容易地上升到涂层的表面并且去除。由于溶剂分配器偏心地布置并且朝向计量设备的前端的侧面,因此其不干扰正常的涂覆处理。此外,其仅占据非常小的空间,并且由此在计量设备周围为任何其它要求的部件保留有足够空间。“偏心地布置并且朝向计量设备的前端的侧面”意味着溶剂分配器未集成在计量设备或者作为计量设备的一部分的喷嘴中,而是与其分离布置。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,溶剂分配器是指向计量设备的前端并且可以将溶剂喷射在计量设备的前端上的喷嘴。这具有的优点是溶剂分配器可以布置距离计量设备的前端一段距离处。
优选地,喷嘴沿着基本上平行于由计量设备的前端限定的平面的方向喷射溶剂。因此,溶剂被沿着切向方向施加到位于计量设备中的涂覆流体,因此溶剂作为液滴保留在涂覆流体上并且由于喷射压力的原因不以小液滴的形式渗入到涂覆流体中。
在另选实施方式中,溶剂分配器形成为可以将溶剂的液滴供给到计量设备的配送臂。在此实施方式中,溶剂的液滴在溶剂分配器的前端处产生,与计量设备的前端接触,并且随后在毛细管力的作用下朝向位于计量设备中的涂覆流体移动。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,计量设备与溶剂分配器相对于彼此是可调节的。这使得能够通过使溶剂分配器与计量设备靠近彼此而使在溶剂分配器处产生的液滴达到与计量设备接触并且随后再次将两个部件移动分开使得溶剂分配器不干扰涂覆处理。
在优选实施方式中,涂覆流体在计量设备的前端形成凹形液面,并且溶剂进入液面。如果由于涂覆流体的表面张力其不能自动地发生,那么在先前的涂覆处理结束以后可以通过将涂覆流体略微地拉回到计量设备中而形成此类型的液面。此液面使得对于溶剂来说更容易地将其自身均匀地施加到容纳在计量设备中的涂覆流体的前端上并且由此施加在前部上,该前部在涂覆流体射流的涂覆过程中撞击在基板上。
等待期间可以设为涂覆流体与溶剂的特性的函数以便以最佳方式防止气泡的产生。在测试中,已经发现10到120秒的范围的等待期间,优选地大约20到60秒的等待期间是适合的。
涂覆流体可以是光刻胶。在此情形中,通常地用于稀释和/或处理此类型的光刻胶的所有材料,例如丙酮,都适合作为溶剂。
附图说明
在下面,参照在附图中示出的多个实施方式更加详细地公开了本发明,在附图中:
图1是用于将涂层施加到基板的设备处于初始状态时的示意图;
图2示出了当将溶剂施加到计量设备的前端时的图1的设备;
图3是用于将涂层施加到基板的设备的第二实施方式的示意图;
图4是撞击在基板上的瞬间的涂覆流体的示意性截面图,此涂覆流体已经被利用根据本发明的设备以及根据本发明的方法处理过;
图5是利用图4的涂覆流体射流在基板上获得的涂层的示意性截面图;
图6示出了在现有技术涂覆处理中在撞击在基板上的瞬间的涂覆流体射流的按时间顺序的几个示意性截面图;以及
图7是与图5的涂层对应的利用图6的涂覆处理获得的涂层的视图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出了通过其可以将涂覆流体2施加到基板3的设备。涂覆流体2可以例如是光刻胶(抗蚀剂)。
涂覆流体2经由计量系统4提供,并且可以通过计量设备5以射流的形式施加到基板3。在施加过程中,可以相对于彼此适当地调节计量设备与基板。
利用示出的设备,可以执行通常地称作为旋转涂覆的涂覆方法。
图1示出了两个涂覆处理之间的设备。在先前涂覆处理结束以后,涂覆流体2被略微地向回抽吸,并且因此位于计量设备5中的涂覆流体的端面形成凹形液面7。
涂层设备设有溶剂分配器10,通过溶剂分配器10可以将由供给系统12提供的预定量的溶剂配送到计量设备5的前端。溶剂分配器10偏心地布置并且朝向计量设备5的前端的侧面,换句话说在涂覆流体2从计量设备5到基板3的路径外部。
在图1和图2中示出的第一实施方式中,溶剂分配器10是喷嘴,通过此喷嘴可以将溶剂从计量设备10的侧面喷射到所述计量设备上和/或液面7上。溶剂可以以其在毛细管力的作用下进入液面7的此种方式喷射在计量设备上,或者溶剂可以切向地直接地喷射到液面7中。
具有决定性重要性的是适当量的溶剂14通过溶剂分配器10施加并且定位在液面7的区域中(参见图2),换句话说在定位在计量设备5中的涂覆流体的柱的端面上。
图3示出了第二实施方式。通过第一实施方式已知的部件使用相同的附图标记并且在此方面参照上面的说明。
与第一实施方式的区别在于,在第二实施方式中溶剂分配器10构造为配送臂,在此配送臂的前端处能够形成溶剂14的液滴。此液滴随后与计量设备5的前端或者位于计量设备5中的涂覆流体2的柱的前端处的液面7接触。为此目的,例如利用径向与竖直移动的组合相对于彼此适当地调节计量设备5与溶剂分配器10。
当基板3即将涂覆以涂覆流体2时,初始地将溶剂14施加到位于计量设备5中的涂覆流体2的柱的端面。这可以通过喷射(参见图2)或者通过将溶剂的液滴机械地传送到计量设备5上(参见图3)来实现。
在开始涂覆处理以前施加溶剂预定时间长度,以便在涂覆流体2以射流的形式施加到基板3以前可以经过期望的等待期间。
在图4中示意性示出了当涂覆流体2的射流的前端撞击在基板3上时的瞬间。图4还示出了涂覆流体2的射流的前端周围的溶剂14。已经发现,通过使用溶剂,可以防止当涂覆流体2的射流的前端撞击在基板3上时形成气泡。由于通过溶剂改变了粘性因此这是可能的。溶剂还可能以润滑剂的方式起作用。
图5示意性示出了已经作为涂层施加到基板3的涂覆流体2。可以看出没有气泡包围在涂层中并且此涂层具有恒定的层厚度与平坦表面。
图6示意性示出了涂覆流体2的射流的前端撞击撞击在基板3上,在射流的前端处不具有任何溶剂。
当涂覆流体射流的前端撞击在基板3上时,形成了通过涂覆流体2侧向地围绕的空气膜(参见图6a)。空气收缩使得,经由中间环形状态(参见图6b),其形成气泡(参见图6c),此气泡然后作为气泡20(参见图7)保留在形成的涂层中。此类型的气泡不仅在涂层中形成不均匀性,而且还导致涂层的表面中的局部凸起(参见区域22)。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于将涂层施加到基板(3)的设备,包括:计量设备(5),通过所述计量设备能够将涂覆流体(2)以射流施加到所述基板(3);以及溶剂分配器(10),其朝向所述计量设备(5)的前端的侧面偏心地布置,使得能够将预定量的溶剂(14)配送到所述计量设备(5)的前端,从而包围涂覆流体(2)的射流的前端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述溶剂分配器是指向所述计量设备(5)的前端的喷嘴(10)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述溶剂分配器形成为能够将溶剂的液滴供给到所述计量设备的配送臂(10)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,所述计量设备(5)与所述溶剂分配器(10)相对于彼此是可调节的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述涂覆流体(2)是光刻胶。
6.一种通过根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备将涂层施加到基板(3)的方法,其中,
在施加涂覆流体(2)以前,将预定量的溶剂(14)带至所述计量设备(5)的前端,使得所述溶剂(14)与位于所述计量设备(5)的前端处的所述涂覆流体(2)的前端接触;
在等待期间以后,随后通过所述计量设备(5)将所述涂覆流体(2)施加到所述基板(3)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述涂覆流体(2)在所述计量设备(5)的前端形成凹形液面(7),并且所述溶剂(14)进入所述液面(7)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂(14)喷射在所述计量设备(5)的前端上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,沿着基本上平行于由所述计量设备(5)的前端限定的平面的方向喷射所述溶剂(14)。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,相对于彼此调节所述计量设备(5)与所述溶剂分配器(10),以使所述溶剂(14)到达所述计量设备(5)的前端。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述等待期间大约是10秒到120秒。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述等待期间大约是20秒到60秒。
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